Search

Your search keyword '"Kreidberg, L [0000-0003-0514-1147]"' showing total 6 results
Start Over Author "Kreidberg, L [0000-0003-0514-1147]"
6 results on '"Kreidberg, L [0000-0003-0514-1147]"'

1. Hubble Space Telescope Transmission Spectroscopy for the Temperate Sub-Neptune TOI-270 d: A Possible Hydrogen-rich Atmosphere Containing Water Vapor

Author

Thomas Mikal-Evans, Nikku Madhusudhan, Jason Dittmann, Maximilian N. Günther, Luis Welbanks, Vincent Van Eylen, Ian J. M. Crossfield, Tansu Daylan, Laura Kreidberg, Mikal-Evans, T [0000-0001-5442-1300], Madhusudhan, N [0000-0002-4869-000X], Günther, MN [0000-0002-3164-9086], Welbanks, L [0000-0003-0156-4564], Daylan, T [0000-0002-6939-9211], Kreidberg, L [0000-0003-0514-1147], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Space and Planetary Science, 5101 Astronomical Sciences, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 5109 Space Sciences, 51 Physical Sciences, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

TOI-270d is a temperate sub-Neptune discovered by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) around a bright (J=9.1mag) M3V host star. With an approximate radius of 2RE and equilibrium temperature of 350K, TOI-270d is one of the most promising small exoplanets for atmospheric characterisation using transit spectroscopy. Here we present a primary transit observation of TOI-270d made with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) spectrograph across the 1.126-1.644 micron wavelength range, and a 95% credible upper limit of $8.2 \times 10^{-14}$ erg s$^{-1}$ cm$^{-2}$ A$^{-1}$ arcsec$^{-2}$ for the stellar Ly-alpha emission obtained using the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS). The transmission spectrum derived from the TESS and WFC3 data provides evidence for molecular absorption by a hydrogen-rich atmosphere at 4-sigma significance relative to a featureless spectrum. The strongest evidence for any individual absorber is obtained for H2O, which is favoured at 3-sigma significance. When retrieving on the WFC3 data alone and allowing for the possibility of a heterogeneous stellar brightness profile, the detection significance of H2O is reduced to 2.8-sigma. Further observations are therefore required to robustly determine the atmospheric composition of TOI-270d and assess the impact of stellar heterogeneity. If confirmed, our findings would make TOI-270d one of the smallest and coolest exoplanets to date with detected atmospheric spectral features., Comment: Accepted for publication in AAS journals on November 22, 2022 (received July 5, 2022; revised October 30, 2022)

Published
2023

2. Constraining the nature of the PDS 70 protoplanets with VLTI/GRAVITY

Author

Wang, JJ, Vigan, A, Lacour, S, Nowak, M, Stolker, T, De Rosa, RJ, Ginzburg, S, Gao, P, Abuter, R, Amorim, A, Asensio-Torres, R, Bauböck, M, Benisty, M, Berger, JP, Beust, H, Beuzit, JL, Blunt, S, Boccaletti, A, Bohn, A, Bonnefoy, M, Bonnet, H, Brandner, W, Cantalloube, F, Caselli, P, Charnay, B, Chauvin, G, Choquet, E, Christiaens, V, Clénet, Y, Coudé Du Foresto, V, Cridland, A, De Zeeuw, PT, Dembet, R, Dexter, J, Drescher, A, Duvert, G, Eckart, A, Eisenhauer, F, Facchini, S, Gao, F, Garcia, P, Garcia Lopez, R, Gardner, T, Gendron, E, Genzel, R, Gillessen, S, Girard, J, Haubois, X, Heißel, G, Henning, T, Hinkley, S, Hippler, S, Horrobin, M, Houllé, M, Hubert, Z, Jiménez-Rosales, A, Jocou, L, Kammerer, J, Keppler, M, Kervella, P, Meyer, M, Kreidberg, L, Lagrange, AM, Lapeyrère, V, Le Bouquin, JB, Léna, P, Lutz, D, Maire, AL, Ménard, F, Mérand, A, Mollière, P, Monnier, JD, Mouillet, D, Müller, A, Nasedkin, E, Ott, T, Otten, GPPL, Paladini, C, Paumard, T, Perraut, K, Perrin, G, Pfuhl, O, Pueyo, L, Rameau, J, Rodet, L, Rodríguez-Coira, G, Rousset, G, Scheithauer, S, Shangguan, J, Shimizu, T, Stadler, J, Straub, O, Straubmeier, C, Sturm, E, Tacconi, LJ, Van Dishoeck, EF, Vincent, F, Von Fellenberg, SD, Ward-Duong, K, Widmann, F, Wang, JJ [0000-0003-0774-6502], Vigan, A [0000-0002-5902-7828], Lacour, S [0000-0002-6948-0263], Stolker, T [0000-0002-5823-3072], De Rosa, RJ [0000-0002-4918-0247], Gao, P [0000-0002-8518-9601], Asensio-Torres, R [0000-0003-2990-0726], Benisty, M [0000-0002-7695-7605], Beuzit, JL [0000-0002-7391-479X], Blunt, S [0000-0002-3199-2888], Bohn, A [0000-0003-1401-9952], Bonnefoy, M [0000-0001-5579-5339], Brandner, W [0000-0003-1939-6351], Caselli, P [0000-0003-1481-7911], Charnay, B [0000-0003-0977-6545], Choquet, E [0000-0002-9173-0740], Christiaens, V [0000-0002-0101-8814], Clénet, Y [0000-0002-8382-2020], De Zeeuw, PT [0000-0003-4175-3474], Dexter, J [0000-0003-3903-0373], Eckart, A [0000-0001-6049-3132], Facchini, S [0000-0003-4689-2684], Gao, F [0000-0002-2581-9114], Garcia Lopez, R [0000-0002-2144-0991], Gardner, T [0000-0002-3003-3183], Genzel, R [0000-0002-2767-9653], Gillessen, S [0000-0002-5708-0481], Girard, J [0000-0001-8627-0404], Henning, T [0000-0002-1493-300X], Hinkley, S [0000-0001-8074-2562], Hippler, S [0000-0002-3912-6108], Horrobin, M [0000-0001-5451-7847], Kervella, P [0000-0003-0626-1749], Meyer, M [0000-0003-1227-3084], Kreidberg, L [0000-0003-0514-1147], Le Bouquin, JB [0000-0002-0493-4674], Lutz, D [0000-0003-0291-9582], Maire, AL [0000-0002-2591-4138], Mérand, A [0000-0002-1637-7393], Monnier, JD [0000-0002-3380-3307], Ott, T [0000-0003-1572-0396], Paumard, T [0000-0003-0655-0452], Perrin, G [0000-0003-0680-0167], Rameau, J [0000-0003-0029-0258], Rodríguez-Coira, G [0000-0002-4177-6433], Shangguan, J [0000-0002-4569-9009], Shimizu, T [0000-0002-2125-4670], Straub, O [0000-0001-5755-0677], Straubmeier, C [0000-0002-0671-9302], Sturm, E [0000-0002-0018-3666], Tacconi, LJ [0000-0002-1485-9401], Van Dishoeck, EF [0000-0001-7591-1907], Vincent, F [0000-0002-3855-0708], Von Fellenberg, SD [0000-0002-9156-2249], Ward-Duong, K [0000-0002-4479-8291], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Orbit determination, Exoplanet formation, Long baseline interferometry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Exoplanet atmospheres
Abstract

We present K-band interferometric observations of the PDS 70 protoplanets along with their host star using VLTI/GRAVITY. We obtained K-band spectra and 100 $\mu$as precision astrometry of both PDS 70 b and c in two epochs, as well as spatially resolving the hot inner disk around the star. Rejecting unstable orbits, we found a nonzero eccentricity for PDS 70 b of $0.17 \pm 0.06$, a near-circular orbit for PDS 70 c, and an orbital configuration that is consistent with the planets migrating into a 2:1 mean motion resonance. Enforcing dynamical stability, we obtained a 95% upper limit on the mass of PDS 70 b of 10 $M_\textrm{Jup}$, while the mass of PDS 70 c was unconstrained. The GRAVITY K-band spectra rules out pure blackbody models for the photospheres of both planets. Instead, the models with the most support from the data are planetary atmospheres that are dusty, but the nature of the dust is unclear. Any circumplanetary dust around these planets is not well constrained by the planets' 1-5 $\mu$m spectral energy distributions (SEDs) and requires longer wavelength data to probe with SED analysis. However with VLTI/GRAVITY, we made the first observations of a circumplanetary environment with sub-au spatial resolution, placing an upper limit of 0.3~au on the size of a bright disk around PDS 70 b.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

3. Constraining the Nature of the PDS 70 Protoplanets with VLTI/GRAVITY ∗ ∗ Based on observations collected at the European Southern Observatory under ESO programmes 0101.C-0281(B), 1103.B-0626(A), 2103.C-5018(A), and 1104.C-0651(A)

Author

Wang, J. J., Vigan, A., Lacour, S., Nowak, M., Stolker, T., De Rosa, R. J., Ginzburg, S., Gao, P., Abuter, R., Amorim, A., Asensio-Torres, R., Bauböck, M., Benisty, M., Berger, J. P., Beust, H., Beuzit, J.-L., Blunt, S., Boccaletti, A., Bohn, A., Bonnefoy, M., Bonnet, H., Brandner, W., Cantalloube, F., Caselli, P., Charnay, B., Chauvin, G., Choquet, E., Christiaens, V., Clénet, Y., Du Foresto, V. Coudé, Cridland, A., Zeeuw, P. T. De, Dembet, R., Dexter, J., Drescher, A., Duvert, G., Eckart, A., Eisenhauer, F., Facchini, S., Gao, F., Garcia, P., Lopez, R. Garcia, Gardner, T., Gendron, E., Genzel, R., Gillessen, S., Girard, J., Haubois, X., Heißel, G., Henning, T., Hinkley, S., Hippler, S., Horrobin, M., Houllé, M., Hubert, Z., Jiménez-Rosales, A., Jocou, L., Kammerer, J., Keppler, M., Kervella, P., Meyer, M., Kreidberg, L., Lagrange, A.-M., Lapeyrère, V., Bouquin, J.-B. Le, Léna, P., Lutz, D., Maire, A.-L., Ménard, F., Mérand, A., Mollière, P., Monnier, J. D., Mouillet, D., Müller, A., Nasedkin, E., Ott, T., Otten, G. P. P. L., Paladini, C., Paumard, T., Perraut, K., Perrin, G., Pfuhl, O., Pueyo, L., Rameau, J., Rodet, L., Rodríguez-Coira, G., Rousset, G., Scheithauer, S., Shangguan, J., Shimizu, T., Stadler, J., Straub, O., Straubmeier, C., Sturm, E., Tacconi, L. J., Dishoeck, E. F. Van, Vincent, F., Fellenberg, S. D. Von, Ward-Duong, K., Widmann, F., Wieprecht, E., Wiezorrek, E., Woillez, J., Collaboration, The GRAVITY, Wang, J. J. [0000-0003-0774-6502], Vigan, A. [0000-0002-5902-7828], Lacour, S. [0000-0002-6948-0263], Stolker, T. [0000-0002-5823-3072], De Rosa, R. J. [0000-0002-4918-0247], Gao, P. [0000-0002-8518-9601], Asensio-Torres, R. [0000-0003-2990-0726], Benisty, M. [0000-0002-7695-7605], Beuzit, J.-L. [0000-0002-7391-479X], Blunt, S. [0000-0002-3199-2888], Bohn, A. [0000-0003-1401-9952], Bonnefoy, M. [0000-0001-5579-5339], Brandner, W. [0000-0003-1939-6351], Caselli, P. [0000-0003-1481-7911], Charnay, B. [0000-0003-0977-6545], Choquet, E. [0000-0002-9173-0740], Christiaens, V. [0000-0002-0101-8814], Clénet, Y. [0000-0002-8382-2020], Zeeuw, P. T. de [0000-0003-4175-3474], Dexter, J. [0000-0003-3903-0373], Eckart, A. [0000-0001-6049-3132], Facchini, S. [0000-0003-4689-2684], Gao, F. [0000-0002-2581-9114], Lopez, R. Garcia [0000-0002-2144-0991], Gardner, T. [0000-0002-3003-3183], Genzel, R. [0000-0002-2767-9653], Gillessen, S. [0000-0002-5708-0481], Girard, J. [0000-0001-8627-0404], Henning, T. [0000-0002-1493-300X], Hinkley, S. [0000-0001-8074-2562], Hippler, S. [0000-0002-3912-6108], Horrobin, M. [0000-0001-5451-7847], Kervella, P. [0000-0003-0626-1749], Meyer, M. [0000-0003-1227-3084], Kreidberg, L. [0000-0003-0514-1147], Bouquin, J.-B. Le [0000-0002-0493-4674], Lutz, D. [0000-0003-0291-9582], Maire, A.-L. [0000-0002-2591-4138], Ménard, F. [0000-0002-1637-7393], Monnier, J. D. [0000-0002-3380-3307], Ott, T. [0000-0003-1572-0396], Paumard, T. [0000-0003-0655-0452], Perrin, G. [0000-0003-0680-0167], Rameau, J. [0000-0003-0029-0258], Rodríguez-Coira, G. [0000-0002-4177-6433], Shangguan, J. [0000-0002-4569-9009], Shimizu, T. [0000-0002-2125-4670], Straub, O. [0000-0001-5755-0677], Straubmeier, C. [0000-0002-0671-9302], Sturm, E. [0000-0002-0018-3666], Tacconi, L. J. [0000-0002-1485-9401], Dishoeck, E. F. van [0000-0001-7591-1907], Vincent, F. [0000-0002-3855-0708], Fellenberg, S. D. von [0000-0002-9156-2249], Ward-Duong, K. [0000-0002-4479-8291], Woillez, J. [0000-0002-2958-4738], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
The Solar System, Exoplanets, and Astrobiology, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We present K-band interferometric observations of the PDS 70 protoplanets along with their host star using VLTI/GRAVITY. We obtained K-band spectra and 100 μas precision astrometry of both PDS 70 b and c in two epochs, as well as spatially resolving the hot inner disk around the star. Rejecting unstable orbits, we found a nonzero eccentricity for PDS 70 b of 0.17 ± 0.06, a near-circular orbit for PDS 70 c, and an orbital configuration that is consistent with the planets migrating into a 2:1 mean motion resonance. Enforcing dynamical stability, we obtained a 95% upper limit on the mass of PDS 70 b of 10 M Jup, while the mass of PDS 70 c was unconstrained. The GRAVITY K-band spectra rules out pure blackbody models for the photospheres of both planets. Instead, the models with the most support from the data are planetary atmospheres that are dusty, but the nature of the dust is unclear. Any circumplanetary dust around these planets is not well constrained by the planets’ 1–5 μm spectral energy distributions (SEDs) and requires longer wavelength data to probe with SED analysis. However with VLTI/GRAVITY, we made the first observations of a circumplanetary environment with sub-astronomical-unit spatial resolution, placing an upper limit of 0.3 au on the size of a bright disk around PDS 70 b.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

4. A pair of TESS planets spanning the radius valley around the nearby mid-M dwarf LTT 3780

Author

Andrew W. Mann, Dimitar Sasselov, Jon M. Jenkins, Charles A. Beichman, Steve B. Howell, F. Lienhard, David Charbonneau, Joseph E. Rodriguez, Giampaolo Piotto, Ken Rice, Avet Harutyunyan, Matteo Pinamonti, Eric D. Lopez, Laura Kreidberg, David W. Latham, Xavier Dumusque, Mercedes Lopez-Morales, Michel Mayor, George R. Ricker, Nicola Astudillo-Defru, Jack J. Lissauer, Douglas A. Caldwell, Kevin I. Collins, A. Magazzu, Joseph D. Twicken, Joshua E. Schlieder, Andrew Collier Cameron, David F. Phillips, Xavier Delfosse, Joshua N. Winn, Dennis M. Conti, M. Stalport, Rosario Cosentino, Sara Seager, Rodrigo F. Díaz, Annelies Mortier, Sébastien Lépine, Patricia T. Boyd, Rachel A. Matson, John F. Kielkopf, David R. Ciardi, Stéphane Udry, Cesar Briceno, Thierry Forveille, Nicholas M. Law, Samuel N. Quinn, Adriano Ghedina, Lars A. Buchhave, Ennio Poretti, Nuno C. Santos, Karen A. Collins, René Doyon, Xavier Bonfils, Emilio Molinari, Aldo F. M. Fiorenzano, Jason D. Eastman, Eric L. N. Jensen, Étienne Artigau, Alessandro Sozzetti, Jonathan Irwin, Michael Vezie, Benjamin V. Rackham, Pedro Figueira, Mario Damasso, L. Mignon, Damien Ségransan, Francesco Pepe, Claudio Melo, Carl Ziegler, Jennifer G. Winters, Elisabeth Matthews, José Renan de Medeiros, Luca Di Fabrizio, Giuseppina Micela, Christophe Lovis, Ian J. M. Crossfield, François Bouchy, Christopher J. Burke, J. M. Almenara, Roland Vanderspek, John Asher Johnson, Ryan Cloutier, Peter Tenenbaum, Christopher A. Watson, Courtney D. Dressing, Robert Massey, Erica J. Gonzales, Science & Technology Facilities Council, University of St Andrews. School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews. St Andrews Centre for Exoplanet Science, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA), Smithsonian Institution-Harvard University [Cambridge], Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción (UCSC), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Cloutier, R [0000-0001-5383-9393], Eastman, JD [0000-0003-3773-5142], Rodriguez, JE [0000-0001-8812-0565], Mortier, A [0000-0001-7254-4363], Pinamonti, M [0000-0002-4445-1845], Lienhard, F [0000-0003-4047-0771], Latham, DW [0000-0001-9911-7388], Collins, KA [0000-0001-6588-9574], Massey, R [0000-0001-8879-7138], Winters, JG [0000-0001-6031-9513], Charbonneau, D [0000-0002-9003-484X], Ziegler, C [0000-0002-0619-7639], Matthews, E [0000-0003-0593-1560], Kreidberg, L [0000-0003-0514-1147], Quinn, SN [0000-0002-8964-8377], Ricker, G [0000-0003-2058-6662], Vanderspek, R [0000-0001-6763-6562], Seager, S [0000-0002-6892-6948], Winn, J [0000-0002-4265-047X], Jenkins, JM [0000-0002-4715-9460], Udry, S [0000-0001-7576-6236], Twicken, JD [0000-0002-6778-7552], Tenenbaum, P [0000-0002-1949-4720], Sozzetti, A [0000-0002-7504-365X], Ségransan, D [0000-0003-2355-8034], Schlieder, JE [0000-0001-5347-7062], Sasselov, D [0000-0001-7014-1771], Santos, NC [0000-0003-4422-2919], Rackham, BV [0000-0002-3627-1676], Poretti, E [0000-0003-1200-0473], Piotto, G [0000-0002-9937-6387], Molinari, E [0000-0002-1742-7735], Micela, G [0000-0002-9900-4751], De Medeiros, JR [0000-0001-8218-1586], Matson, RA [0000-0001-7233-7508], Mann, AW [0000-0003-3654-1602], Magazzú, A [0000-0003-1259-4371], López-Morales, M [0000-0003-3204-8183], Lissauer, JJ [0000-0001-6513-1659], Law, N [0000-0001-9380-6457], Kielkopf, JF [0000-0003-0497-2651], Jensen, ELN [0000-0002-4625-7333], Howell, SB [0000-0002-2532-2853], Ghedina, A [0000-0003-4702-5152], Forveille, T [0000-0003-0536-4607], Figueira, P [0000-0001-8504-283X], Dumusque, X [0000-0002-9332-2011], Dressing, CD [0000-0001-8189-0233], Díaz, RF [0000-0001-9289-5160], Conti, DM [0000-0003-2239-0567], Collins, KI [0000-0003-2781-3207], Ciardi, D [0000-0002-5741-3047], Caldwell, DA [0000-0003-1963-9616], Burke, C [0000-0002-7754-9486], Buchhave, L [0000-0003-1605-5666], Boyd, P [0000-0003-0442-4284], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Radial velocity, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Stellar mass, NDAS, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, M dwarf stars, 01 natural sciences, Planet, 0103 physical sciences, QB Astronomy, Spectroscopy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Exoplanet systems, QC, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, QB, Physics, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Astronomy and Astrophysics, Radius, Planetary system, Photoevaporation, Stars, QC Physics, Space and Planetary Science, astro-ph.EP, Transit photometry, Low Mass, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We present the confirmation of two new planets transiting the nearby mid-M dwarf LTT 3780 (TIC 36724087, TOI-732, $V=13.07$, $K_s=8.204$, $R_s$=0.374 R$_{\odot}$, $M_s$=0.401 M$_{\odot}$, d=22 pc). The two planet candidates are identified in a single TESS sector and are validated with reconnaissance spectroscopy, ground-based photometric follow-up, and high-resolution imaging. With measured orbital periods of $P_b=0.77$ days, $P_c=12.25$ days and sizes $r_{p,b}=1.33\pm 0.07$ R$_{\oplus}$, $r_{p,c}=2.30\pm 0.16$ R$_{\oplus}$, the two planets span the radius valley in period-radius space around low mass stars thus making the system a laboratory to test competing theories of the emergence of the radius valley in that stellar mass regime. By combining 63 precise radial-velocity measurements from HARPS and HARPS-N, we measure planet masses of $m_{p,b}=2.62^{+0.48}_{-0.46}$ M$_{\oplus}$ and $m_{p,c}=8.6^{+1.6}_{-1.3}$ M$_{\oplus}$, which indicates that LTT 3780b has a bulk composition consistent with being Earth-like, while LTT 3780c likely hosts an extended H/He envelope. We show that the recovered planetary masses are consistent with predictions from both photoevaporation and from core-powered mass loss models. The brightness and small size of LTT 3780, along with the measured planetary parameters, render LTT 3780b and c as accessible targets for atmospheric characterization of planets within the same planetary system and spanning the radius valley., Comment: Accepted to AJ. 8 figures, 6 tables. CSV file of the RV measurements (i.e. Table 2) are included in the source code

Published
2020

5. An Unusual Transmission Spectrum for the Sub-Saturn KELT-11b Suggestive of a Subsolar Water Abundance

Author

Keivan G. Stassun, Nikku Madhusudhan, Michael R. Line, Joseph E. Rodriguez, David J. James, Daniel Angerhausen, Jonathan J. Fortney, Patrick Tamburo, Cliff Kotnik, Supachai Awiphan, David Rea, Peter Plavchan, Gabriel Murawski, Kim K. McLeod, Joshua Pepper, Monica Vidaurri, Kevin B. Stevenson, Thomas G. Beatty, Heena Chotani, Thomas Barclay, Nicole Tan, Avi Mandell, Leafia Sheraden Cox, James K. Williams, Danny LeBrun, William Matzko, Laura Kreidberg, Eric D. Lopez, Knicole D. Colón, Luis Welbanks, Emily A. Gilbert, Scott Webster, John P. Ahlers, Colón, KD [0000-0001-8020-7121], Kreidberg, L [0000-0003-0514-1147], Welbanks, L [0000-0003-0156-4564], Line, MR [0000-0002-2338-476X], Madhusudhan, N [0000-0002-4869-000X], Beatty, T [0000-0002-9539-4203], Tamburo, P [0000-0003-2171-5083], Stevenson, KB [0000-0002-7352-7941], Mandell, A [0000-0002-8119-3355], Rodriguez, JE [0000-0001-8812-0565], Barclay, T [0000-0001-7139-2724], Stassun, KG [0000-0002-3481-9052], Angerhausen, D [0000-0001-6138-8633], Fortney, JJ [0000-0002-9843-4354], James, DJ [0000-0001-5160-4486], Pepper, J [0000-0002-3827-8417], Ahlers, JP [0000-0003-2086-7712], Plavchan, P [0000-0002-8864-1667], Awiphan, S [0000-0003-3251-3583], Kotnik, C [0000-0002-8351-6541], Mcleod, KK [0000-0001-9504-1486], Murawski, G [0000-0001-7809-1457], Matzko, W [0000-0003-3937-562X], Cox, LS [0000-0001-7526-5116], Tan, N [0000-0001-6541-8887], Gilbert, EA [0000-0002-0388-8004], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Physics, Extrasolar gas giants, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Exoplanets, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Exoplanet, Exoplanet atmospheric composition, Transmission (telecommunications), 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Abundance (ecology), Saturn, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Exoplanet atmospheres
Abstract

We present an optical-to-infrared transmission spectrum of the inflated sub-Saturn KELT-11b measured with the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Wide Field Camera 3 G141 spectroscopic grism, and the Spitzer Space Telescope (Spitzer) at 3.6 $\mu$m, in addition to a Spitzer 4.5 $\mu$m secondary eclipse. The precise HST transmission spectrum notably reveals a low-amplitude water feature with an unusual shape. Based on free retrieval analyses with varying molecular abundances, we find strong evidence for water absorption. Depending on model assumptions, we also find tentative evidence for other absorbers (HCN, TiO, and AlO). The retrieved water abundance is generally $\lesssim 0.1\times$ solar (0.001--0.7$\times$ solar over a range of model assumptions), several orders of magnitude lower than expected from planet formation models based on the solar system metallicity trend. We also consider chemical equilibrium and self-consistent 1D radiative-convective equilibrium model fits and find they too prefer low metallicities ($[M/H] \lesssim -2$, consistent with the free retrieval results). However, all the retrievals should be interpreted with some caution since they either require additional absorbers that are far out of chemical equilibrium to explain the shape of the spectrum or are simply poor fits to the data. Finally, we find the Spitzer secondary eclipse is indicative of full heat redistribution from KELT-11b's dayside to nightside, assuming a clear dayside. These potentially unusual results for KELT-11b's composition are suggestive of new challenges on the horizon for atmosphere and formation models in the face of increasingly precise measurements of exoplanet spectra., Comment: Accepted to The Astronomical Journal. 31 pages, 20 figures, 7 tables

Published
2020

6. A Detection of Water in the Transmission Spectrum of the Hot Jupiter WASP-12b and Implications for its Atmospheric Composition

Author

Michael R. Line, Michael H. Williamson, Jean-Michel Desert, Gregory W. Henry, Nikku Madhusudhan, Adam P. Showman, Laura Kreidberg, Jonathan J. Fortney, Jacob L. Bean, Joanna K. Barstow, Kevin B. Stevenson, Kreidberg, L [0000-0003-0514-1147], Line, MR [0000-0002-2338-476X], Bean, JL [0000-0003-4733-6532], Stevenson, KB [0000-0002-7352-7941], Fortney, JJ [0000-0002-9843-4354], Barstow, JK [0000-0003-3726-5419], Henry, GW [0000-0003-4155-8513], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Atomic, Physical Chemistry, Atmosphere, Particle and Plasma Physics, Planet, Hot Jupiter, Nuclear, Emission spectrum, Physics, planets and satellites: atmospheres, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), planets and satellites: composition, Astronomy, Molecular, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Light curve, planets and satellites: individual (WASP-12b), Exoplanet, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Planetary mass, Wide Field Camera 3, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural), Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Detailed characterization of exoplanets has begun to yield measurements of their atmospheric properties that constrain the planets' origins and evolution. For example, past observations of the dayside emission spectrum of the hot Jupiter WASP-12b indicated that its atmosphere has a high carbon-to-oxygen ratio (C/O $>$ 1), suggesting it had a different formation pathway than is commonly assumed for giant planets. Here we report a precise near-infrared transmission spectrum for WASP-12b based on six transit observations with the Hubble Space Telescope/Wide Field Camera 3. We bin the data in 13 spectrophotometric light curves from 0.84 - 1.67 $\mu$m and measure the transit depths to a median precision of 51 ppm. We retrieve the atmospheric properties using the transmission spectrum and find strong evidence for water absorption (7$\sigma$ confidence). This detection marks the first high-confidence, spectroscopic identification of a molecule in the atmosphere of WASP-12b. The retrieved 1$\sigma$ water volume mixing ratio is between $10^{-5}-10^{-2}$, which is consistent with C/O $>$ 1 to within 2$\sigma$. However, we also introduce a new retrieval parameterization that fits for C/O and metallicity under the assumption of chemical equilibrium. With this approach, we constrain C/O to $0.5^{+0.2}_{-0.3}$ at $1\,\sigma$ and rule out a carbon-rich atmosphere composition (C/O$>1$) at $>3\sigma$ confidence. Further observations and modeling of the planet's global thermal structure and dynamics would aid in resolving the tension between our inferred C/O and previous constraints. Our findings highlight the importance of obtaining high-precision data with multiple observing techniques in order to obtain robust constraints on the chemistry and physics of exoplanet atmospheres., Comment: 17 pages, 14 figures, 5 tables; this version (v2) accepted to ApJ

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results