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Background The risk of coronary heart disease remains low in Japan, although distributions of several coronary risk factors have become comparable with those in the United States. We prospectively compared coronary atherosclerosis burden, measured with coronary artery calcium (CAC) progression, between men in the 2 countries. Methods In 2 population-based samples of 1712 US White, Black, Hispanic, Chinese men (baseline, 2000-2002) and 697 Japanese men in Japan (2006-2008) aged 45-74 years without clinical cardiovascular disease, we quantified CAC progression by serial computed tomography with medians of 3.4 and 5.2 years between scans, respectively. Results Among White, Black, Hispanic, Chinese, and Japanese men free of baseline CAC, CAC incidence was observed in 35.2%, 26.9%, 29.2%, 18.9%, and 29.2%, respectively. After adjustment for times between scans, demographics, behaviors, coronary risk factors, and their changes between scans, White men had significantly higher CAC incidence than Japanese men (relative risk, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.13-2.50). Among those with detectable baseline CAC, after similar adjustments, all the US race/ethnic groups had significantly greater annual changes in CAC score (mean [95% CI]: 39.4 [35.2-43.6] for White, 26.9 [21.4-32.4] for Black, 30.6 [24.7-36.5] for Hispanic, and 30.2 [22.6-37.8] for Chinese men) than Japanese men (15.9 [10.1-21.8]). Conclusions We found a higher CAC incidence among US White men and greater increases in existing CAC among all the US race/ethnic groups than among Japanese men in Japan. These differences persisted despite adjustment for differences in coronary risk factors.

Objectives To estimate the associations of moderate and vigorous intensity exercise during pregnancy with the rate of gestational weight gain (GWG) from gestational diabetes (GDM) diagnosis to delivery, overall and stratified by prepregnancy overweight/obesity. Methods Prospective cohort study with physical activity reported shortly after the GDM diagnosis and prepregnancy weight and post-diagnosis GWG obtained from electronic health records (n = 1055). Multinomial logistic regression models in the full cohort and stratified by prepregnancy overweight/obesity estimated associations of moderate and vigorous intensity exercise with GWG below and above the Institute of Medicine's (IOM) prepregnancy BMI-specific recommended ranges for weekly rate of GWG in the second and third trimesters. Results In the full cohort, any participation in vigorous intensity exercise was associated with decreased odds of GWG above recommended ranges as compared to no participation [odds ratio (95 % confidence interval): 0.63 (0.40, 0.99)], with a significant trend for decreasing odds of excess GWG with increasing level of vigorous intensity exercise. Upon stratification by prepregnancy overweight/obesity, significant associations were only observed for BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m(2): any vigorous intensity exercise, as compared to none, was associated with 54 % decreased odds of excess GWG [0.46 (0.27, 0.79)] and significant trends were detected for decreasing odds of GWG both below and above the IOM's recommended ranges with increasing level of vigorous exercise (both P ≤ 0.03). No associations were observed for moderate intensity exercise. Conclusions for Practice In women with GDM, particularly overweight and obese women, vigorous intensity exercise during pregnancy may reduce the odds of excess GWG.

The Dementia Risk Prediction Project (DRPP) is a collaborative effort that brings together data from 16 longitudinal cohorts of diverse middle-aged and older adults to study dementia and its risk factors. The project aims to develop a dynamic dementia risk prediction model. The cohorts include participants from multiple countries and have baseline exams ranging from 1948 to 2006. The DRPP provides access to harmonized individual-level data for over 95,000 individuals. The project was established to address the increasing prevalence of dementia and the need for comprehensive risk assessment and preventive interventions. The article discusses the Dementia Risk Prediction Project (DRPP), which is a consortium of 16 different cohort studies from various countries, including the USA, France, Iceland, England, and the Netherlands. These studies have collected data on risk factors for dementia, stroke, coronary heart disease, and cardiovascular disease. The DRPP has harmonized and analyzed the data from these studies to identify common variables and trends related to these diseases. The consortium includes over 119,000 individuals with baseline data, and the follow-up time ranges from 1948 to 2020. The DRPP has identified thousands of incident cases of dementia, stroke, coronary heart disease, and cardiovascular disease. The consortium's findings provide valuable insights into the risk factors and trends associated with these diseases. The given document includes tables and graphs that provide demographic and health data from various studies. The tables show the total number of participants, their age, sex, race/ethnic [Extracted from the article]

Author(s): Samantha F. Ehrlich[sup.1] [sup.2] , Barbara Sternfeld[sup.1] , Amy E. Krefman[sup.1] , Monique M. Hedderson[sup.1] , Susan D. Brown[sup.1] , Ashley Mevi[sup.1] , Lisa Chasan-Taber[sup.3] , Charles P. Quesenberry[sup.1] [...]

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: The risk of coronary heart disease remains low in Japan, although distributions of several coronary risk factors have become comparable with those in the United States. We prospectively compared coronary atherosclerosis burden, measured with coronary artery calcium (CAC) progression, between men in the 2 countries. Methods: In 2 population-based samples of 1712 US White, Black, Hispanic, Chinese men (baseline, 2000–2002) and 697 Japanese men in Japan (2006–2008) aged 45–74 years without clinical cardiovascular disease, we quantified CAC progression by serial computed tomography with medians of 3.4 and 5.2 years between scans, respectively. Results: Among White, Black, Hispanic, Chinese, and Japanese men free of baseline CAC, CAC incidence was observed in 35.2%, 26.9%, 29.2%, 18.9%, and 29.2%, respectively. After adjustment for times between scans, demographics, behaviors, coronary risk factors, and their changes between scans, White men had significantly higher CAC incidence than Japanese men (relative risk, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.13–2.50). Among those with detectable baseline CAC, after similar adjustments, all the US race/ethnic groups had significantly greater annual changes in CAC score (mean [95% CI]: 39.4 [35.2–43.6] for White, 26.9 [21.4–32.4] for Black, 30.6 [24.7–36.5] for Hispanic, and 30.2 [22.6–37.8] for Chinese men) than Japanese men (15.9 [10.1–21.8]). Conclusions: We found a higher CAC incidence among US White men and greater increases in existing CAC among all the US race/ethnic groups than among Japanese men in Japan. These differences persisted despite adjustment for differences in coronary risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]