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We present the results of near-Earth interplanetary space, magnetosphere, and atmosphere monitoring during large-scale solar wind disturbances at the end of August 2005. The monitoring was carried out using ground-level cosmic ray (CR) observations made at the worldwide network of neutron monitors as well as muon telescopes in Yakutsk and Novosibirsk. As a result of the analysis performed by different methods, we have obtained variation properties of CRs of different rigidities in Earth’s orbit, their pitch angle anisotropy, orientation and configuration of the interplanetary magnetic field, changes in the planetary system of geomagnetic cutoff rigidities during geomagnetic disturbances, as well as mass average air temperature over CR stations equipped with muon telescopes. For the periods of geomagnetic disturbances, we have determined parameters of magnetospheric ring current and magnetopause currents.

Abstract To date, numerous mechanisms have been identified in which one cell engulfs another, resulting in the creation of ‘cell-in-cell’ (CIC) structures, which subsequently cause cell death. One of the mechanisms of formation of these structures is entosis, which is presumably associated with possible carcinogenesis and tumour progression. The peculiarity of the process is that entotic cells themselves actively invade the host cell, and afterwards have several possible variants of fate. Entotic formations are structures where one cell is engulfed by another cell, creating a cell-in-cell structure. The nucleus of the outer cell has a crescent shape, while the inner cell is surrounded by a large entotic vacuole. These characteristics differentiate entosis from cell cannibalism. It’s worth noting that entotic formations are not necessarily harmful and may even be beneficial in some cases. In this article we will consider the mechanism of entosis and variants of entotic cell death, and also put forward hypothesis about possible variants of participation of this process on the formation and progression of cancer. This article also presents our proposed classification of functional forms of entosis.

The article examines the peculiarities of reproduction of archetypes in the translation of an artistic work. The interpretation of the concept of ‘archetype’, its classifi cations and levels of its mental representation in the text are studied herein. While examining the issue of universal and ethnocultural archetypes, the author of the article introduces the term ‘culturally determined archetypes’. The article contains the proposals as to the actions that are to be taken by a translator in the process of reproduction of the source language archetype in the target language, outlines what exactly it is necessary to pay attention to in order to properly translate the archetype. It is noted that if the archetypes are translated inadequately or inaccurately, the integrity of the literary work may be violated due to the partial loss of the symbolic meaning, or the emotional impact on the reader. It is proposed to include the archetypal analysis of the source and target texts to the translation studies analysis.

Abstract Sodium-glucose co-transporters (SGLTs) in the kidneys play a pivotal role in glucose reabsorption. Several clinical and population-based studies revealed the beneficial effects of SGLT2 inhibition on hypertension. Recent work from our lab provided significant new insight into the role of SGLT2 inhibition in a non-diabetic model of salt-sensitive hypertension, Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) rats. Dapagliflozin (Dapa) blunted the development of salt-induced hypertension by causing glucosuria and natriuresis without changes in the Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System. However, our initial study used male SS rats only, and the effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on hypertension in females has not been studied. Therefore, the goal of this study was to determine whether SGLT2 inhibition alters blood pressure and kidney function in female Dahl SS rats. The result showed that administration of Dapa for 3 weeks prevented the progression of salt-induced hypertension in female rats, similar to its effects in male SS rats. Diuresis and glucose excretion were significantly increased in Dapa-treated rats. SGLT2 inhibition also significantly attenuated kidney but not heart fibrosis. Despite significant effects on blood pressure, Dapa treatment caused minor changes to electrolyte balance and no effects on kidney and heart weights were observed. Our data suggest that SGLT2 inhibition in a non-diabetic model of salt-sensitive hypertension blunts the development of salt-induced hypertension independent of sex.

Purpose. To investigate the anthropogenic communication of the Cherkasy oblast as an ecosystem-forming component of the modern landscape structure of the area of research. Research materials and methods. Methods. On the principle of natural-anthropogenic coexistence general scientific and specific scientific research methods were applied. Results. The peculiarities of natural conditions and natural resources are determined by the geographical location within the borders of the Dniester-Dnieper and Left Bank-Dnieper forest-steppe regions of the East European plain country. The class of road landscapes of the study area is formed by the following types of roads, namely: automobile, dirt, forest and field roads, railways. In the landscape structure of Zvenyhorod district, the length of highways, unpaved roads, field and forest roads, railways. Uman district and Cherkasy district have the highest index of connectivity in terms of road length. The lowest indicators of the index of communication in terms of the length of highways in Zolotoniskyi district. Uman district has the highest index of communication in terms of the length of dirt roads, and Zvenigorodsky district has the lowest. Zolotoniskyi district and Cherkasy district have the highest index of communication in terms of the length of field and forest roads. The lowest indicator is Zvenigorodsky district, Uman district. Cherkasy district has the highest communication index in terms of railway length and Zvenigorodsky district has the lowest. Conclusions. The Zolotonisky district of Cherkasy region has the highest index of general anthropogenic communicability, i.e. it has the highest degree of anthropogenic transformation of the territory and anthropogenic load

The diversity of macroinvertebrates, the structure of their communities in Bolshiye Koty Bay (Lake Baikal) was studied by a DNA metabarcoding approach using an Illumina MiSeq system. Internal primer mlCOIintF in combination with jgHCO2198 of the Folmer fragment of the COI gene were used for macroinvertebrate metabarcoding. A total of 118009 reads of the COI gene fragment (at least 313 bp in length) were obtained. The correlation of the Spearman coefficient (S = 0.6, p < 0.05) with the abundance of macroinvertebrates in the samples before DNA extraction showed that the number of reads can serve as an indirect characteristic of the abundance of a species (operational taxonomic unit, OTU). 115 OTUs belonging to the higher taxa of macroinvertebrates were identified: Porifera, 1; Platyhelminthes, 3; Annelida, 38; Arthropoda, 55; Mollusca, 18. At a high level of resolution (with homology with GenBank reference sequences ≥ 95 %, coverage ≥ 90 %), 46 taxa of macroinvertebrates comprising three communities were registered: one dominated by molluscs (Choanomphalus conf. maacki) and two dominated by chironomids (Orthocladius grega rius Linev., Sergentia baicalensis Tshern.). Communities are characterized by low species diversity according to Shannon (from 0.7 to 1.2 bits), high concentration of dominance according to Simpson (from 0.5 to 0.7) and low evenness according to Pielou (from 0.3 to 0.4). Dominants and subdominants in the communities account for 91 to 96 % of COI gene fragment reads. The spatial distribution of the dominant species identified in the communities is influenced by the geomorphological features of the bottom and the composition of sediments in the area studied. The approach proposed for studying the structure of macroinvertebrate communities based on DNA metabarcoding and next generation sequencing can be recommended for express assessment of the state of aquatic ecosystems in the monitoring.

Background. The relevance of the problem is related to the high prevalence of chronic endometritis (CE); its role in female infertility, implantation failures during assisted reproductive technology procedures, and recurrent miscarriage; as well as the lack of a unified strategy in the diagnosis and treatment of this pathology. The present systematic review with a meta-analysis focuses on evaluating the impact of CE and its therapy on the outcome of in vitro fertilization. In addition, the effect of CE of various severity on the outcomes of assisted reproductive technologies is analyzed. Objective. To analyze the effect of CE of varying severity and its treatment on the outcomes of in vitro fertilization. Methods. Using PubMed, Medline, Scopus, Embase, ELibrary, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), WHO International Clinical Trials Registry, and Russian Science Citation Index, a systematic search was conducted for articles published over the past 12 years that met the following criteria: randomized controlled trial examining the effect of CE of varying severity on fertility and ways to treat it. The following indicators were calculated: ongoing pregnancy/live birth, clinical pregnancy, and miscarriage rates. A total of 4145 patients (from ten studies) were included. A meta-analysis was performed using Stata 11.0 software (The Cochrane Collaboration, Oxford, UK). The heterogeneity was considered low at I2 50%. Results. Women with CE exhibited lower ongoing pregnancy/live birth (OR 1.97; p = 0.02) and clinical pregnancy rates (OR 2.28; p = 0.002) as compared to women without it. CE treatment increased the ongoing pregnancy/live birth (OR 5.33; p < 0.0001) and clinical pregnancy rates (OR 3.64; p = 0.0001). In vitro fertilization outcomes were comparable in women treated for CE and women without CE (ongoing pregnancy/live birth rate, clinical pregnancy rate, and miscarriage rate: p = ns). Women with severe CE exhibited lower ongoing pregnancy/live birth (OR 0.43; p = 0.003) and clinical pregnancy rates (OR 0.40; p = 0.0007). Mild CE showed no significant effect on in vitro fertilization outcomes (ongoing pregnancy/ live birth rate, clinical pregnancy rate, and miscarriage rate: p = ns). Conclusion. The conducted meta-analysis showed that CE significantly reduces the ongoing pregnancy/live birth and clinical pregnancy rates in infertile women undergoing in vitro fertilization. Noteworthy is that antimicrobial therapy in such patients improves the results of assisted reproductive technologies, which are comparable to those of patients without CE. The negative impact of this pathology on the implantation capacity of the endometrium is most often observed in the severe form, while its mild form has virtually no effect on the in vitro fertilization outcome.

We examined the effects of 6-hydroxy-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline on markers of liver injury, oxidative status, and the extent of inflammatory and apoptotic processes in rats with acetaminophen-induced liver damage. The administration of acetaminophen caused the accumulation of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine and 8-isoprostane in the liver and serum, as well as an increase in biochemiluminescence indicators. Oxidative stress resulted in the activation of pro-inflammatory cytokine and NF-κB factor mRNA synthesis and increased levels of immunoglobulin G, along with higher activities of caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9. The administration of acetaminophen also resulted in the development of oxidative stress, leading to a decrease in the level of reduced glutathione and an imbalance in the function of antioxidant enzymes. This study discovered that 6-hydroxy-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline reduced oxidative stress by its antioxidant activity, hence reducing the level of pro-inflammatory cytokine and NF-κB mRNA, as well as decreasing the concentration of immunoglobulin G. These changes resulted in a reduction in the activity of caspase-8 and caspase-9, which are involved in the activation of ligand-induced and mitochondrial pathways of apoptosis and inhibited the effector caspase-3. In addition, 6-hydroxy-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline promoted the normalization of antioxidant system function in animals treated with acetaminophen. As a result, the compound being tested alleviated inflammation and apoptosis by decreasing oxidative stress, which led to improved liver marker indices and ameliorated histopathological alterations.

This study provides new evidence on how historical patterns of household formation shape the present-day level of trust. We test two distinct features of historical family arrangements that might be harmful to trust towards out-groups: (a) family extendedness in terms of the number of household members, and (b) generational hierarchy and gender relations within the household. To conduct our study, we compiled a historical database that reflects family structure and socio-economic development, mostly in the 19th century. The analysis was performed on a sample of 94 historical subnational units within eight contemporary Western and Eastern European countries that participated in the Life in Transition Survey in 2010. We find that cohabitation of several generations within the historical family and power of older generations over the younger are detrimental for out-group trust today. By contrast, family extendedness per se was revealed to have no impact on trust.

Objective: assessment of the microbiome of the vagina and uterine cavity using a uterine catheter with a collet guide in infertile patients before the in vitro fertilization procedure. Materials and methods: samples of vaginal and endometrial scrapings obtained from 73 infertile women who had planned an in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedure were taken and studied. The samples were analyzed by V3-V4-V6 regions using the 16S rRNA gene sequencing method. Results: significant differences were found in the taxonomy of the endometrium and vaginal microbiome - coincidences in microbiological composition were detected in 18.2% of patients. Endometrial lactobacillus-dominant microbiocenoses occurred in 24.8% of women, vaginal — in 56.7%. Comparisons between patients with negative and positive IVF (onset of biological pregnancy) results failed to identify any microorganism associated with the success of the procedure, with endometrial microbiota biodiversity being higher among women who successfully exercised their reproductive function. The Shannon Equality Index (J) for pregnant and non-pregnant women was 0.76 (0.57–0.87) and 0.55 (0.51–0.64), respectively (p=0.002). Conclusion: the use of a developed uterine catheter with a collet guide for an adequate assessment of the endometrial microbiome is promising and justified. The correct assessment of the endometrial microbiocenosis contributes to the adequate diagnosis of pathological processes occurring in the uterine cavity, which will allow for proper therapy aimed at increasing the receptivity of the endometrium and, in the future, contributing to the realization of the reproductive function of a woman.

Abstract Mathematical models of complex systems rely on parameter values to produce a desired behavior. As mathematical and computational models increase in complexity, it becomes correspondingly difficult to find parameter values that satisfy system constraints. We propose a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approach for the problem of constrained model parameter generation by designing a Markov chain that efficiently explores a model’s parameter space. We demonstrate the use of our proposed methodology to analyze responses of a newly constructed bistability-constrained model of protein phosphorylation to perturbations in the underlying protein network. Our results suggest that parameter generation for constrained models using MCMC provides powerful tools for modeling-aided analysis of complex natural processes.

The purpose of the article is to present the methodology of forming the project culture of futureteachers. The methodological basis of the research is: modern ideas of the dialectic of the general, special and individual in the formation of project culture; philosophy of a subjective-humanistic approach to education; theoretical provisions about the social, active and creative essence of the individual, the mechanisms and conditions of its self-expression in culture; the theory of complex personality development and the formation of knowledge, abilities and skills; fundamental studies of the development of the general and professional culture of the teacher. Today, students have to cope with a large volume of tasks, have time to live and study. At the same time, today most students are not ready for the challenges of modern society. The process of forming a project culture should be aimed at creating a project-innovative environment in an educational institution, that is, creating conditions for the emergence, development and implementation of projects. Project-based learning targets future teachers foracademic, personal, and career success, and prepares them for the challenges they will face in their future careers.

The ecotopic difference in the accumulation of Ni, Zn, Mn, Al, Se, Cs, La and Sm in bryophyte Ceratodon purpureus (Hedw.) Brid was studied during a long-term experiment in the anthropogenically disturbed environment of Donbass. The concentrations of elements in moss gametophytes were determined by neutron activation analysis. The moss samples were exposed from November 2018 through May 2019 at 24 test plots in the central Donbass with varying degrees of technogenic transformation of geosystems. When comparing ecologically stressed areas with intact or restored ecotopes, the difference in the accumulation of Ni was 6.9 times, Zn – 10.2, Mn – 6.3, Al – 5.3, Se – 9.6, Cs – 3.9, La – 5.9, and Sm – 5.4 times. There were structural and functional modifications in the leaf apparatus of bryophyte, suitable for using in further phytomonitoring studies for express diagnostics. According to the results of the factor analysis, two groups of pollutants were identified, differing in the source of origin: (1) Al, Ni, Mn, and Zn, (2) Cs, Se, La, and Sm. The obtained data are considered as part of the primary screening of biogeochemical characteristics in the Donbass in 2018–2019. Within the gradient of toxic load and local impact, the leading role of mining and metallurgical facilities in the pollution of natural ecosystems of Donbass was proved.

Objective: to identify the presence of chronic endometritis in patients with adenomyosis and its cumulative role in the formation of reproductive losses. Materials and methods: 101 women of reproductive age with grade II adenomyosis and habitual miscarriage were examined. The comparison group (group 2) consisted of 49 patients with grade II adenomyosis without a history of early reproductive losses. The control group (group 3) consisted of 50 healthy patients. In order to diagnose chronic endometritis, a comprehensive immunohistochemical study of the expression of specific immunological markers of chronic endometritis (natural killer CD56, B cells (CD20), plasma cells (CD138) and activated lymphocytes (HLA-DR) with antibodies and the determination of CD68 macrophages was carried out. Polymerase chain reaction in the “real-time” mode (PCR) was used to determine the types and amount of endometrial microbiota. Statistical data processing was carried out in the environment of the STATISTICA package. Results: despite the absence of pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microflora, according to the results of microbiological examination from the vagina and cervical canal of all examined patients, statistically significant differences in the detection frequencies of various microbiota taxa of crops from the uterine cavity were obtained. Patients with reproductive losses on the background of adenomyosis had microbiological and immunohistochemical signs of chronic endometritis of moderate and mild severity. The presence of chronic endometritis combined with adenomyosis contributes to the occurrence of pronounced endothelial dysfunctions, eventually leading to a violation of reproductive function in patients with a combination of HE and adenomyosis. Conclusion: The similar symptoms of adenomyosis and CE, a reliable association of adenomyosis with CE in patients with habitual miscarriage requires the inclusion of immunohistochemical and microbiological examination of the endometrium in the volume of pre-gravidar examination, even if there are negative results of microbiological examination of the environment of the cervical canal.