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1. Speaker Distance Estimation in Enclosures from Single-Channel Audio

Author

Neri, Michael, Politis, Archontis, Krause, Daniel, Carli, Marco, and Virtanen, Tuomas

Subjects
Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Audio and Speech Processing, Computer Science - Sound
Abstract

Distance estimation from audio plays a crucial role in various applications, such as acoustic scene analysis, sound source localization, and room modeling. Most studies predominantly center on employing a classification approach, where distances are discretized into distinct categories, enabling smoother model training and achieving higher accuracy but imposing restrictions on the precision of the obtained sound source position. Towards this direction, in this paper we propose a novel approach for continuous distance estimation from audio signals using a convolutional recurrent neural network with an attention module. The attention mechanism enables the model to focus on relevant temporal and spectral features, enhancing its ability to capture fine-grained distance-related information. To evaluate the effectiveness of our proposed method, we conduct extensive experiments using audio recordings in controlled environments with three levels of realism (synthetic room impulse response, measured response with convolved speech, and real recordings) on four datasets (our synthetic dataset, QMULTIMIT, VoiceHome-2, and STARSS23). Experimental results show that the model achieves an absolute error of 0.11 meters in a noiseless synthetic scenario. Moreover, the results showed an absolute error of about 1.30 meters in the hybrid scenario. The algorithm's performance in the real scenario, where unpredictable environmental factors and noise are prevalent, yields an absolute error of approximately 0.50 meters. For reproducible research purposes we make model, code, and synthetic datasets available at https://github.com/michaelneri/audio-distance-estimation., Comment: Accepted for publication in IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing

Published
2024
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2. Sound Event Detection and Localization with Distance Estimation

Author

Krause, Daniel Aleksander, Politis, Archontis, and Mesaros, Annamaria

Subjects
Computer Science - Sound, Computer Science - Machine Learning, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Audio and Speech Processing
Abstract

Sound Event Detection and Localization (SELD) is a combined task of identifying sound events and their corresponding direction-of-arrival (DOA). While this task has numerous applications and has been extensively researched in recent years, it fails to provide full information about the sound source position. In this paper, we overcome this problem by extending the task to Sound Event Detection, Localization with Distance Estimation (3D SELD). We study two ways of integrating distance estimation within the SELD core - a multi-task approach, in which the problem is tackled by a separate model output, and a single-task approach obtained by extending the multi-ACCDOA method to include distance information. We investigate both methods for the Ambisonic and binaural versions of STARSS23: Sony-TAU Realistic Spatial Soundscapes 2023. Moreover, our study involves experiments on the loss function related to the distance estimation part. Our results show that it is possible to perform 3D SELD without any degradation of performance in sound event detection and DOA estimation., Comment: This paper has been accepted for the 32nd European Signal Processing Conference EUSIPCO 2024 in Lyon

Published
2024

3. STARSS23: An Audio-Visual Dataset of Spatial Recordings of Real Scenes with Spatiotemporal Annotations of Sound Events

Author

Shimada, Kazuki, Politis, Archontis, Sudarsanam, Parthasaarathy, Krause, Daniel, Uchida, Kengo, Adavanne, Sharath, Hakala, Aapo, Koyama, Yuichiro, Takahashi, Naoya, Takahashi, Shusuke, Virtanen, Tuomas, and Mitsufuji, Yuki

Subjects
Computer Science - Sound, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Computer Science - Multimedia, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Audio and Speech Processing, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing
Abstract

While direction of arrival (DOA) of sound events is generally estimated from multichannel audio data recorded in a microphone array, sound events usually derive from visually perceptible source objects, e.g., sounds of footsteps come from the feet of a walker. This paper proposes an audio-visual sound event localization and detection (SELD) task, which uses multichannel audio and video information to estimate the temporal activation and DOA of target sound events. Audio-visual SELD systems can detect and localize sound events using signals from a microphone array and audio-visual correspondence. We also introduce an audio-visual dataset, Sony-TAu Realistic Spatial Soundscapes 2023 (STARSS23), which consists of multichannel audio data recorded with a microphone array, video data, and spatiotemporal annotation of sound events. Sound scenes in STARSS23 are recorded with instructions, which guide recording participants to ensure adequate activity and occurrences of sound events. STARSS23 also serves human-annotated temporal activation labels and human-confirmed DOA labels, which are based on tracking results of a motion capture system. Our benchmark results demonstrate the benefits of using visual object positions in audio-visual SELD tasks. The data is available at https://zenodo.org/record/7880637., Comment: 27 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in NeurIPS 2023 Track on Datasets and Benchmarks

Published
2023

4. Binaural Signal Representations for Joint Sound Event Detection and Acoustic Scene Classification

Author

Krause, Daniel Aleksander and Mesaros, Annamaria

Subjects
Computer Science - Sound, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Computer Science - Machine Learning, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Audio and Speech Processing
Abstract

Sound event detection (SED) and Acoustic scene classification (ASC) are two widely researched audio tasks that constitute an important part of research on acoustic scene analysis. Considering shared information between sound events and acoustic scenes, performing both tasks jointly is a natural part of a complex machine listening system. In this paper, we investigate the usefulness of several spatial audio features in training a joint deep neural network (DNN) model performing SED and ASC. Experiments are performed for two different datasets containing binaural recordings and synchronous sound event and acoustic scene labels to analyse the differences between performing SED and ASC separately or jointly. The presented results show that the use of specific binaural features, mainly the Generalized Cross Correlation with Phase Transform (GCC-phat) and sines and cosines of phase differences, result in a better performing model in both separate and joint tasks as compared with baseline methods based on logmel energies only.

Published
2022

6. STARSS22: A dataset of spatial recordings of real scenes with spatiotemporal annotations of sound events

Author

Politis, Archontis, Shimada, Kazuki, Sudarsanam, Parthasaarathy, Adavanne, Sharath, Krause, Daniel, Koyama, Yuichiro, Takahashi, Naoya, Takahashi, Shusuke, Mitsufuji, Yuki, and Virtanen, Tuomas

Subjects
Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Audio and Speech Processing, Computer Science - Sound
Abstract

This report presents the Sony-TAu Realistic Spatial Soundscapes 2022 (STARS22) dataset for sound event localization and detection, comprised of spatial recordings of real scenes collected in various interiors of two different sites. The dataset is captured with a high resolution spherical microphone array and delivered in two 4-channel formats, first-order Ambisonics and tetrahedral microphone array. Sound events in the dataset belonging to 13 target sound classes are annotated both temporally and spatially through a combination of human annotation and optical tracking. The dataset serves as the development and evaluation dataset for the Task 3 of the DCASE2022 Challenge on Sound Event Localization and Detection and introduces significant new challenges for the task compared to the previous iterations, which were based on synthetic spatialized sound scene recordings. Dataset specifications are detailed including recording and annotation process, target classes and their presence, and details on the development and evaluation splits. Additionally, the report presents the baseline system that accompanies the dataset in the challenge with emphasis on the differences with the baseline of the previous iterations; namely, introduction of the multi-ACCDOA representation to handle multiple simultaneous occurences of events of the same class, and support for additional improved input features for the microphone array format. Results of the baseline indicate that with a suitable training strategy a reasonable detection and localization performance can be achieved on real sound scene recordings. The dataset is available in https://zenodo.org/record/6387880.

Published
2022

8. Joint Direction and Proximity Classification of Overlapping Sound Events from Binaural Audio

Author

Krause, Daniel Aleksander, Politis, Archontis, and Mesaros, Annamaria

Subjects
Computer Science - Sound, Computer Science - Machine Learning, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Audio and Speech Processing
Abstract

Sound source proximity and distance estimation are of great interest in many practical applications, since they provide significant information for acoustic scene analysis. As both tasks share complementary qualities, ensuring efficient interaction between these two is crucial for a complete picture of an aural environment. In this paper, we aim to investigate several ways of performing joint proximity and direction estimation from binaural recordings, both defined as coarse classification problems based on Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). Considering the limitations of binaural audio, we propose two methods of splitting the sphere into angular areas in order to obtain a set of directional classes. For each method we study different model types to acquire information about the direction-of-arrival (DoA). Finally, we propose various ways of combining the proximity and direction estimation problems into a joint task providing temporal information about the onsets and offsets of the appearing sources. Experiments are performed for a synthetic reverberant binaural dataset consisting of up to two overlapping sound events.

Published
2021

10. A Dataset of Dynamic Reverberant Sound Scenes with Directional Interferers for Sound Event Localization and Detection

Author

Politis, Archontis, Adavanne, Sharath, Krause, Daniel, Deleforge, Antoine, Srivastava, Prerak, and Virtanen, Tuomas

Subjects
Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Audio and Speech Processing, Computer Science - Sound
Abstract

This report presents the dataset and baseline of Task 3 of the DCASE2021 Challenge on Sound Event Localization and Detection (SELD). The dataset is based on emulation of real recordings of static or moving sound events under real conditions of reverberation and ambient noise, using spatial room impulse responses captured in a variety of rooms and delivered in two spatial formats. The acoustical synthesis remains the same as in the previous iteration of the challenge, however the new dataset brings more challenging conditions of polyphony and overlapping instances of the same class. The most important difference of the new dataset is the introduction of directional interferers, meaning sound events that are localized in space but do not belong to the target classes to be detected and are not annotated. Since such interfering events are expected in every real-world scenario of SELD, the new dataset aims to promote systems that deal with this condition effectively. A modified SELDnet baseline employing the recent ACCDOA representation of SELD problems accompanies the dataset and it is shown to outperform the previous one. The new dataset is shown to be significantly more challenging for both baselines according to all considered metrics. To investigate the individual and combined effects of ambient noise, interferers, and reverberation, we study the performance of the baseline on different versions of the dataset excluding or including combinations of these factors. The results indicate that by far the most detrimental effects are caused by directional interferers.

Published
2021

12. Learning and Memory in Sports

Author

Weigelt, Matthias, Krause, Daniel, Güldenpenning, Iris, Schüler, Julia, editor, Wegner, Mirko, editor, Plessner, Henning, editor, and Eklund, Robert C., editor

Published
2023
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16. Online Anticipatory Cues During Practice Disrupt Intentional and Incidental Sequence Learning.

Author

Dahm, Stephan F. and Krause, Daniel

Subjects
*INCIDENTAL learning, *EXPLICIT instruction, *STIMULUS & response (Psychology), *MEMORIZATION, *IMPLICIT learning, *AWARENESS
Abstract

In the Serial Reaction Time Task, participants respond to several stimuli usually being unaware that the stimuli follow a predefined sequence while still learning the sequence. In the present study, we aimed to clearly separate explicit intentional learning from implicit incidental learning by either informing participants about all details of the sequence or not informing participants about the existence of the sequence. Further, we explored the influence of anticipatory cues during practice while anticipatory cues were either presented (extrinsically triggered anticipation) or not presented (self-reliant intrinsic anticipation). Participants were tested before and after practice in the Practice Sequence and a Control Sequence. To test automatization, tests were performed in Single-Task and Dual-Task Blocks. Results showed that after learning with explicit instructions, participants memorized the sequence more deeply and executed the sequence faster than after learning without explicit instructions. Further, by learning with anticipatory cues, participants memorized the sequence less deeply and executed the sequence slower than by learning without anticipatory cues. Unexpectedly, automatization was sequence-unspecific and independent of the practice conditions. In conclusion, detailed explicit prior information about the sequence facilitates sequence learning while anticipatory online cues during practice hamper sequence learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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30. Mental Rotation of Tactical Instruction Displays Affects Information Processing Demand and Execution Accuracy in Basketball

Author

Koopmann, Till, Steggemann-Weinrich, Yvonne, Baumeister, Jochen, and Krause, Daniel

Abstract

Purpose: In sports games, coaches often use tactic boards to present tactical instructions during time-outs (e.g., 20 s to 60 s in basketball). Instructions should be presented in a way that enables fast and errorless information processing for the players. The aim of this study was to test the effect of different orientations of visual tactical displays on observation time and execution performance. High affordances in visual-spatial transformation (e.g., mental rotation processes) might impede information processing and might decrease execution performance with regard to the instructed playing patterns. Method: In a within-subjects design with 1 factor, 10 novice students were instructed with visual tactical instructions of basketball playing patterns with different orientations either showing the playing pattern with low spatial disparity to the players' on-court perspective (basket on top) or upside down (basket on bottom). Results: The self-chosen time for watching the pattern before execution was significantly shorter and spatial accuracy in pattern execution was significantly higher when the instructional perspective and the real perspective on the basketball court had a congruent orientation. Conclusion: The effects might be explained by interfering mental rotation processes that are necessary to transform the instructional perspective into the players' actual perspective while standing on the court or imagining themselves standing on the court. According to these results, coaches should align their tactic boards to their players' on-court viewing perspective.

Published
2017
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32. Handbuch Managerhaftung

Author

Berberich, Matthias, primary, Bicker, Eike, additional, Born, Manfred, additional, Bungert, Hartwin, additional, Burgard, Ulrich, additional, Dreher, Meinrad, additional, Ebke, Werner F., additional, Feldmüller, Christian, additional, Fett, Torsten, additional, Fischer, Reinfrid, additional, Franzmann, Georg, additional, Gebauer, Stefan, additional, Geber, Frederic, additional, Gillessen, Benedikt, additional, Goslar, Sebastian, additional, Götze, Cornelius, additional, Gruenstein, Benjamin, additional, Haas, Ulrich, additional, Harbarth, Stephan, additional, Heimann, Carsten, additional, Hess, Burkhard, additional, Hick, Christian, additional, Ihlas, Horst, additional, Jahn, Joachim, additional, Jungkind, Vera, additional, Kellenter, Wolfgang, additional, Kersting, Christian, additional, Kießling, Arne, additional, Kirsten, Stefan, additional, Klahold, Christoph, additional, Kleindiek, Detlef, additional, Krämer, Robert Lutz, additional, Krause, Daniel M., additional, Kremer, Thomas, additional, Krieger, Gerd, additional, Kulenkamp, Sabrina, additional, Leuering, Dieter, additional, Schneider, SvenH., additional, Schneider, Uwe H., additional, Schücking, Christoph, additional, Seyfarth, Georg, additional, Sieg, Oliver, additional, Skoupil, Christoph, additional, Spießhofer, Birgit, additional, Teichmann, Christoph, additional, Uwer, Dirk, additional, Verse, Dirk A., additional, Vetter, Eberhard, additional, Weber, Heinz-Otto, additional, Wilhelm, Kerstin, additional, Wilk, Cornelius, additional, Wilsing, Hans-UlrichVE, additional, Arnold, Michael, additional, and Balthasar, Helmut, additional

Published
2023
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33. Improved Route to Linear Triblock Copolymers by Coupling with Glycidyl Ether-Activated Poly(ethylene oxide) Chains

Author

Krause, Daniel T., primary, Krämer, Susanna, additional, Siozios, Vassilios, additional, Butzelaar, Andreas J., additional, Dulle, Martin, additional, Förster, Beate, additional, Theato, Patrick, additional, Mayer, Joachim, additional, Winter, Martin, additional, Förster, Stephan, additional, Wiemhöfer, Hans-Dieter, additional, and Grünebaum, Mariano, additional

Published
2023
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34. Binaural Sound Source Distance Estimation and Localization for a Moving Listener

Author

Krause, Daniel Aleksander, Garcia-Barrios, Guillermo, Politis, Archontis, and Mesaros, Annamaria

Abstract

In this paper, we investigate the tasks of binaural source distance estimation (SDE) and direction-of-arrival estimation (DOAE) using motion-based cues in a scenario with a walking listener. On top of performing both tasks as separate problems, we study two methods of solving the joint task of simultaneous source distance estimation and localization (SDEL), with a single model. Experiments are conducted for three different scenarios: a static receiver; a static receiver with a rotating head; and a freely moving listener inside a room. The study proposes rotation and translation features to include information about the receiver's motion during model training and studies the effects of these on the final performance. The work includes extended simulation of three datasets containing numerous testing scenarios for sound sources, covering a wide range of DOAs and a source-to-receiver distance up to 15 m. Results are further analyzed with respect to room reverberation, walking speed, as well as source-to-receiver distance. The presented outcomes show large improvements in both DOA and distance estimation for a model that uses motion-based cues as compared with a static scenario. These include a decrease of 9.50$^{\circ }$ in DOA and 1.56 m in distance errors for a joint model, followed by 16.17$^{\circ }$ and 0.17 m for separate models.

Published
2024
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35. List of Contributors

Author

Abrams, Mitch, primary, Allan, Veronica, additional, Altfeld, Sebastian, additional, Amorose, Anthony J., additional, Araújo, Duarte, additional, Atkinson, Michael, additional, Baird, Shannon M., additional, Baker, Joseph, additional, Balish, Shea, additional, Bardid, Farid, additional, Bar-Eli, Michael, additional, Barker, Jamie, additional, Barkoukis, Vassilis, additional, Barnett, Lisa, additional, Battochio, Randy C., additional, Baumeister, Roy F., additional, Beauchamp, Mark R., additional, Beckmann, Jürgen, additional, Behm, David G., additional, Bellomo, Eduardo, additional, Benson, Alex, additional, Berger, Bonnie G., additional, Bernache-Assollant, Iouri, additional, Bertollo, Maurizio, additional, Bhavsar, Nikita, additional, Biddell, Hannah L., additional, Biddle, Stuart, additional, Blodgett, Amy T., additional, Bloom, Gordon A., additional, Blumenstein, Boris, additional, Bolter, Nicole D., additional, Boudreau, Patrick, additional, Bredemeier, Brenda Light, additional, Brown, Chris, additional, Brueckner, Sebastian, additional, Bruner, Mark W., additional, Burke, Shauna M., additional, Busanich, Rebecca, additional, Busch, Lena, additional, Butcher, Lois A., additional, Carless, David, additional, Caron, Jeffrey G., additional, Carter, Leeja, additional, Castillo, Sarah L., additional, Chang, Yu-Kai, additional, Charboneau, Nicole D., additional, Chatzisarantis, Nikos L.D., additional, Cheng, Ming-Yang, additional, Chermette, Chloé, additional, Chow, Graig M., additional, Chu, I-Hua, additional, Chu, Theo, additional, Coakley, Jay, additional, Coholic, Diana, additional, Compton, Bernadette, additional, Corbetta, Daniela, additional, Côté, Jean, additional, Cotterill, Stewart, additional, Cropley, Brendan, additional, Cruz, Jaume, additional, Darroch, Francine, additional, Davids, Keith, additional, Deal, Colin J., additional, Debanne, Thierry, additional, Den Hartigh, Ruud J.R., additional, DesClouds, Poppy, additional, di Fronso, Selenia, additional, Douglas, Kitrina, additional, Downs, Danielle S., additional, Dreiskämper, Dennis, additional, Durand-Bush, Natalie, additional, Dzikus, Lars, additional, Eccles, David W., additional, Effenberg, Alfred O., additional, Elbe, Anne-Marie, additional, Emrich, Eike, additional, Etnier, Jennifer, additional, Etzel, Edward, additional, Evans, M. Blair, additional, Eys, Mark, additional, Fasting, Kari, additional, Feistenauer, Clemens, additional, Feltz, Deborah L., additional, Ferguson, Leah J., additional, Filho, Edson, additional, Fisher, Leslee A., additional, Fleming, Audrey, additional, Fletcher, David, additional, Frank, Cornelia, additional, Fransen, Katrien, additional, Freeman, Paul, additional, Friesen, Andrew, additional, Furley, Philip, additional, Galloway, Shaun M., additional, Gassmann, Freya, additional, Gaudreau, Patrick, additional, Ge, Yang, additional, Gernigon, Christophe, additional, Gershgoren, Lael, additional, Geukes, Katharina, additional, Gilbert, Wade D., additional, Gill, Diane L., additional, Glenn, Nicola, additional, Godfrey, Michael, additional, Gonsalves, Christine A., additional, Gould, Daniel, additional, Granacher, Urs, additional, Graupensperger, Scott, additional, Greenlees, Iain, additional, Grey, Robert, additional, Gucciardi, Daniel F., additional, Guerrero, Michelle D., additional, Güldenpenning, Iris, additional, H. Kerr, John, additional, Hackfort, Dieter, additional, Hagan, John E., additional, Hagemann, Norbert, additional, Halson, Shona L., additional, Hancock, David J., additional, Hanton, Sheldon, additional, Hardy, James, additional, Hardy, Will, additional, Harwood, Chris G., additional, Hausenblas, Heather A., additional, Heidari, Jahan, additional, Herbison, Jordan D., additional, Heuer, Andreas, additional, Hilliard, Bobby, additional, Hodge, Ken, additional, Hodges, Nicola J., additional, Holmes, Paul, additional, Holt, Nicholas L., additional, Horn, Thelma S., additional, Hristovski, Robert, additional, Hudson, Joanne, additional, Hüffmeier, Joachim, additional, Hung, Tsung-Min, additional, James, Jeffrey D., additional, Johnson, Carra, additional, Jones, Martin I., additional, Jowett, Gareth E., additional, Jowett, Sophia, additional, Justen, Christoph, additional, Kao, San-Fu, additional, Karau, Steven J., additional, Kavussanu, Maria, additional, Keegan, Richard, additional, Kellmann, Michael, additional, Kerr, Gretchen, additional, Killham, Margo E., additional, Kim, Jeemin, additional, Kim, Youngho, additional, Klämpfl, Martin, additional, Kleinert, Jens, additional, Kljajic, Kristina, additional, Klöppel, York-Peter, additional, Knowles, Zoe, additional, Koester, Dirk, additional, Kölling, Sarah, additional, Kornspan, Alan S., additional, Krane, Vikki, additional, Krause, Daniel, additional, Kunz, Philipp, additional, Laborde, Sylvain, additional, Lane, Andrew M., additional, Lariviere, Michel, additional, Larsen, Carsten H., additional, Lastella, Michele, additional, LaVoi, Nicole M., additional, Law, Barbi, additional, Lazuras, Lambros, additional, Leslie-Toogood, Adrienne, additional, Lewthwaite, Rebecca, additional, Lidor, Ronnie, additional, Lindeman, Kent, additional, Lippke, Sonia, additional, Lobinger, Babett, additional, Loffing, Florian, additional, Loughead, Todd M., additional, Lucidi, Fabio, additional, Mack, Diane E., additional, MacMahon, Clare, additional, Malhotra, Neha, additional, Marks, Donald R., additional, Marques, Marta M., additional, Martin, Luc J., additional, Masters, Rich, additional, McCullagh, Penny, additional, McGannon, Kerry R., additional, Meier, Henk E., additional, Mellalieu, Stephen D., additional, Memmert, Daniel, additional, Mentzel, Stijn V., additional, Mesagno, Christopher, additional, Michie, Susan, additional, Middleton, Thierry R.F., additional, Mokhtari, Pooneh, additional, Moore, Lee, additional, Moore, Whitney, additional, Moran, Aidan, additional, Morres, Ioannis D., additional, Mosley, Emma, additional, Moss, Tayo, additional, Munroe-Chandler, Krista J., additional, Munzert, Jörn, additional, Murgia, Mauro, additional, Murphy, Shane, additional, Neil, Rich, additional, Nicholls, Adam R., additional, Nitsch, Jürgen R., additional, Noce, Franco, additional, Norman, Paul, additional, Ntoumanis, Nikos, additional, Oddson, Bruce, additional, Oghene, Patrick Odirin, additional, Oglesby, Carole, additional, Oluyedun, Olufemi A., additional, Orbach, Iris, additional, Oudejans, Raôul R.D., additional, Papathomas, Anthony, additional, Paradis, Kyle F., additional, Parham, William D., additional, Pelka, Maximilian, additional, Pels, Fabian, additional, Peters, Heather J., additional, Petersen, Brennan, additional, Petitpas, Albert, additional, Petty, Lisa, additional, Phoenix, Cassandra, additional, Pierce, Scott, additional, Plessner, Henning, additional, Poczwardowski, Artur, additional, Podlog, Leslie, additional, Pöppel, Katharina, additional, Prochaska, James O., additional, Prochaska, Janice M., additional, Quartiroli, Alessandro, additional, Raab, Markus, additional, Rhind, Daniel J.A., additional, Rhodes, Ryan E., additional, Richard, Veronique, additional, Robazza, Claudio, additional, Robbins, Jamie E., additional, Roberts, Ross, additional, Ruiz, Montse C., additional, Sabiston, Catherine M., additional, Sachs, Michael L., additional, Sackett, Sarah C., additional, Samuel, Roy David, additional, Sarkar, Mustafa, additional, Scanlan, Tara, additional, Scanlan, Tara K., additional, Schack, Thomas, additional, Schinke, Robert J., additional, Schlattmann, Andreas, additional, Schleu, Joyce E., additional, Schöllhorn, Wolfgang I., additional, Schorer, Jörg, additional, Schott, Nadja, additional, Schwarzer, Ralf, additional, Seanor, Michelle, additional, Seiler, Roland, additional, Seiler, Stephen, additional, Selby, Christine L.B., additional, Shephard, Roy J., additional, Shields, David, additional, Si, Gangyan, additional, Smith, Alan L., additional, Smith, Brett, additional, Smith, Kristina, additional, Smith, Ronald E., additional, Sonn, Christopher C., additional, Sperlich, Billy, additional, Stambulova, Natalia B., additional, Standage, Martyn, additional, Steggemann-Weinrich, Yvonne, additional, Stirling, Ashley, additional, Storm, Vera, additional, Strauß, Bernd, additional, Surya, Mark, additional, Swann, Christian, additional, Tamminen, Katherine A., additional, Taylor, Ian M., additional, Tenenbaum, Gershon, additional, Terry, Peter C., additional, Thelwell, Richard, additional, Theodorakis, Yannis, additional, Thogersen-Ntoumani, Cecilie, additional, Thrower, Sam N., additional, Tietjens, Maike, additional, Tirp, Judith, additional, Toner, John, additional, Toogood, Adrienne L., additional, Turnnidge, Jennifer, additional, Uiga, Liis, additional, Utesch, Till, additional, Vallerand, Robert J., additional, van der Kamp, John, additional, van Duijn, Tina, additional, Van Slingerland, Krista, additional, Velentzas, Konstantinos, additional, Verner-Filion, Jérémie, additional, Vine, Samuel J., additional, Waldron, Jennifer J., additional, Wann, Daniel L., additional, Watson, Jack C., additional, Wattie, Nick, additional, Way, William, additional, Weigelt, Matthias, additional, Weinberg, Robert, additional, Westerberg, Anders I., additional, Whitehead, Amy, additional, Wiese-Bjornstal, Diane M., additional, Williams, Kipling D., additional, Williams, Toni L., additional, Wilson, Mark, additional, Wolanin, Andrew T., additional, Woodman, Tim, additional, Wright, Emily, additional, Wu, Carolyn, additional, Wulf, Gabriele, additional, Wunsch, Kathrin, additional, Yarrow, Kielan, additional, Zakrajsek, Rebecca A., additional, and Zhang, Chun-Qing, additional

Published
2019
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43. Introduction

Author

Enderle, John D., Farden, David C., Krause, Daniel J., Enderle, John D., Farden, David C., and Krause, Daniel J.

Published
2006
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44. Random Variables

Author

Enderle, John D., Farden, David C., Krause, Daniel J., Enderle, John D., Farden, David C., and Krause, Daniel J.

Published
2006
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46. Expectation

Author

Enderle, John D., Farden, David C., Krause, Daniel J., Enderle, John D., Farden, David C., and Krause, Daniel J.

Published
2006
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