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5. Lattice dynamics of endotaxial silicide nanowires

Author

Kalt, J., Sternik, M., Krause, B., Sergueev, I., Mikolasek, M., Merkel, D., Bessas, D., Sikora, O., Vitova, T., Göttlicher, 8 J., Steininger, R., Jochym, P. T., Ptok, A., Leupold, O., Wille, H. -C., Chumakov, A. I., Piekarz, P., Parlinski, K., Baumbach, T., and Stankov, S.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

Self-organized silicide nanowires are considered as main building blocks of future nanoelectronics and have been intensively investigated. In nanostructures, the lattice vibrational waves (phonons) deviate drastically from those in bulk crystals, which gives rise to anomalies in thermodynamic, elastic, electronic, and magnetic properties. Hence, a thorough understanding of the physical properties of these materials requires a comprehensive investigation of the lattice dynamics as a function of the nanowire size. We performed a systematic lattice dynamics study of endotaxial FeSi$_2$ nanowires, forming the metastable, surface-stabilized $\alpha$-phase, which are in-plane embedded into the Si(110) surface. The average widths of the nanowires ranged from 24 to 3 nm, their lengths ranged from several $\mu$m to about 100 nm. The Fe-partial phonon density of states, obtained by nuclear inelastic scattering, exhibits a broadening of the spectral features with decreasing nanowire width. The experimental data obtained along and across the nanowires unveiled a pronounced vibrational anisotropy that originates from the specific orientation of the tetragonal $\alpha$-FeSi$_2$ unit cell on the Si(110) surface. The results from first-principles calculations are fully consistent with the experimental data and allow for a comprehensive understanding of the lattice dynamics of endotaxial silicide nanowires., Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures, 3 tables

Published
2020
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6. Lattice dynamics and polarization-dependent phonon damping in $\alpha$-phase FeSi$_{2}$ nanoislands

Author

Kalt, J., Sternik, M., Krause, B., Sergueev, I., Mikolasek, M., Bessas, D., Sikora, O., Vitova, T., Göttlicher, J., Steininger, R., Jochym, P. T., Ptok, A., Leupold, O., Wille, H. -C., Chumakov, A. I., Piekarz, P., Parlinski, K., Baumbach, T., and Stankov, S.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

We determined the lattice dynamics of metastable, surface-stabilized $\alpha$-phase FeSi$_2$ nanoislands epitaxially grown on the Si(111) surface with average heights and widths ranging from 1.5 to 20 nm and 18 to 72 nm, respectively. The crystallographic orientation, surface morphology and local crystal structure of the nanoislands were investigated by reflection high-energy electron diffraction, atomic force microscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The Fe-partial phonon density of states (PDOS), obtained by nuclear inelastic scattering, exhibits a pronounced damping and broadening of the spectral features with decreasing average island height. First-principles calculations of the polarization-projected Si- and Fe-partial phonon dispersions and PDOS enable the disentanglement of the contribution of the $xy$- and $z$-polarized phonons to the experimental PDOS. Modeling of the experimental data with the theoretical results unveils an enhanced damping of the $z$-polarized phonons for islands with average sizes below 10 nm. This phenomenon is attributed to the fact that the low-energy $z$-polarized phonons couple to the low-energy surface/interface vibrational modes. The thermodynamic and elastic properties obtained from the experimental data show a pronounced size-dependent behavior., Comment: 13 pages, 9 figures, 3 tables

Published
2020
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10. Unravelling the effect of nitrogen on the morphological evolution of thin silver films on weakly-interacting substrates

Author

Sarakinos, Kostas, Babonneau, D., Ramade, J., Robin, Y., Solanki, K., Mizohata, K., Tuboltsev, V., Pliatsikas, N., Krause, B., Abadias, G., Sarakinos, Kostas, Babonneau, D., Ramade, J., Robin, Y., Solanki, K., Mizohata, K., Tuboltsev, V., Pliatsikas, N., Krause, B., and Abadias, G.

Abstract

We study the effect of nitrogen on the morphological evolution of thin silver (Ag) films deposited on weakly-interacting amorphous carbon (a-C) and silicon oxide (SiOx) surfaces. Films are synthesized at a deposition rate of 0.1nm·s-1 by direct current magnetron sputtering (DCMS), high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS), and electron-beam evaporation (EBE). We monitor growth in situ and in real time by measuring the evolution of film stress and optical properties, complemented by ex situ analyses of discontinuous-layer morphologies, film crystal structure, and film composition. We find that addition of molecular nitrogen (N2) to the plasmagenic gas (Ar) during DCMS and HiPIMS promotes a two-dimensional (2D) morphology. Concurrently, EBE-deposited films exhibit a significantly more pronounced three-dimensional morphological evolution, independently from the gas atmosphere composition. We argue that the 2D morphology in DCMS- and HiPIMS-grown films is enhanced due to incorporation of atomic nitrogen (N)—result of plasma-induced N2 dissociation—that hinders island reshaping during coalescence. This mechanism is not active during EBE due to the absence of energetic plasma electrons driving N2 dissociation. The overall results of the study show that accurate control of vapor-phase chemistry is of paramount importance when using gaseous species as agents for manipulating growth in weakly-interacting film-substrate systems., QC 20240326

Published
2024
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13. Imaging-based target volume reduction in chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (PET-Plan): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, controlled trial

Author

Grosu, A L, Weber, W, Meyer, P, Hoffmanns, H, Nestle, U, Aurisch, R, Schäfer, W, Hehr, T, Eschmann, S M, Dornoff, W, Siekmeyer, B, Trampert, L, Gademann, G, Brunner, T, Amthauer, A, Ricke, J, Pech, M, Rübe, C, Kirsch, C M, Ezzidin, S, Schmidberger, H, Schreckenberger, M, Bamberg, M, Zips, D, Bares, R, La Fougere, C, Budach, V, Brenner, W, Beck, M, Freiherr von Gumppenberg, R, Aebersold, D, Krause, T, Feldmann, H J, Hertel, A, Stüben, G, Sciuk, J, Annweiler, H, Holl, G, Oehler, W, Schlöcker, I, Baum, R, Kimmig, B, Dunst, J, Henze, E, Lützen, U, Schwaiger, M, Strehle, K, Alberti, W, Piroth, M, Tosch, M, Pötter, R, Widder, J, Herold, C, Freund, U, Momm, F, Sautter-Bihl, M L, Tatsch, K, Hildebrandt, G, Krause, B, Nestle, Ursula, Schimek-Jasch, Tanja, Kremp, Stephanie, Schaefer-Schuler, Andrea, Mix, Michael, Küsters, Andreas, Tosch, Marco, Hehr, Thomas, Eschmann, Susanne Martina, Bultel, Yves-Pierre, Hass, Peter, Fleckenstein, Jochen, Thieme, Alexander, Stockinger, Marcus, Dieckmann, Karin, Miederer, Matthias, Holl, Gabriele, Rischke, H Christian, Gkika, Eleni, Adebahr, Sonja, König, Jochem, and Grosu, Anca-Ligia

Published
2020
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17. A MHz-repetition-rate hard X-ray free-electron laser driven by a superconducting linear accelerator

Author

Decking, W., Abeghyan, S., Abramian, P., Abramsky, A., Aguirre, A., Albrecht, C., Alou, P., Altarelli, M., Altmann, P., Amyan, K., Anashin, V., Apostolov, E., Appel, K., Auguste, D., Ayvazyan, V., Baark, S., Babies, F., Baboi, N., Bak, P., Balandin, V., Baldinger, R., Baranasic, B., Barbanotti, S., Belikov, O., Belokurov, V., Belova, L., Belyakov, V., Berry, S., Bertucci, M., Beutner, B., Block, A., Blöcher, M., Böckmann, T., Bohm, C., Böhnert, M., Bondar, V., Bondarchuk, E., Bonezzi, M., Borowiec, P., Bösch, C., Bösenberg, U., Bosotti, A., Böspflug, R., Bousonville, M., Boyd, E., Bozhko, Y., Brand, A., Branlard, J., Briechle, S., Brinker, F., Brinker, S., Brinkmann, R., Brockhauser, S., Brovko, O., Brück, H., Brüdgam, A., Butkowski, L., Büttner, T., Calero, J., Castro-Carballo, E., Cattalanotto, G., Charrier, J., Chen, J., Cherepenko, A., Cheskidov, V., Chiodini, M., Chong, A., Choroba, S., Chorowski, M., Churanov, D., Cichalewski, W., Clausen, M., Clement, W., Cloué, C., Cobos, J. A., Coppola, N., Cunis, S., Czuba, K., Czwalinna, M., D’Almagne, B., Dammann, J., Danared, H., de Zubiaurre Wagner, A., Delfs, A., Delfs, T., Dietrich, F., Dietrich, T., Dohlus, M., Dommach, M., Donat, A., Dong, X., Doynikov, N., Dressel, M., Duda, M., Duda, P., Eckoldt, H., Ehsan, W., Eidam, J., Eints, F., Engling, C., Englisch, U., Ermakov, A., Escherich, K., Eschke, J., Saldin, E., Faesing, M., Fallou, A., Felber, M., Fenner, M., Fernandes, B., Fernández, J. M., Feuker, S., Filippakopoulos, K., Floettmann, K., Fogel, V., Fontaine, M., Francés, A., Martin, I. Freijo, Freund, W., Freyermuth, T., Friedland, M., Fröhlich, L., Fusetti, M., Fydrych, J., Gallas, A., García, O., Garcia-Tabares, L., Geloni, G., Gerasimova, N., Gerth, C., Geßler, P., Gharibyan, V., Gloor, M., Głowinkowski, J., Goessel, A., Gołębiewski, Z., Golubeva, N., Grabowski, W., Graeff, W., Grebentsov, A., Grecki, M., Grevsmuehl, T., Gross, M., Grosse-Wortmann, U., Grünert, J., Grunewald, S., Grzegory, P., Feng, G., Guler, H., Gusev, G., Gutierrez, J. L., Hagge, L., Hamberg, M., Hanneken, R., Harms, E., Hartl, I., Hauberg, A., Hauf, S., Hauschildt, J., Hauser, J., Havlicek, J., Hedqvist, A., Heidbrook, N., Hellberg, F., Henning, D., Hensler, O., Hermann, T., Hidvégi, A., Hierholzer, M., Hintz, H., Hoffmann, F., Hoffmann, Markus, Hoffmann, Matthias, Holler, Y., Hüning, M., Ignatenko, A., Ilchen, M., Iluk, A., Iversen, J., Iversen, J., Izquierdo, M., Jachmann, L., Jardon, N., Jastrow, U., Jensch, K., Jensen, J., Jeżabek, M., Jidda, M., Jin, H., Johansson, N., Jonas, R., Kaabi, W., Kaefer, D., Kammering, R., Kapitza, H., Karabekyan, S., Karstensen, S., Kasprzak, K., Katalev, V., Keese, D., Keil, B., Kholopov, M., Killenberger, M., Kitaev, B., Klimchenko, Y., Klos, R., Knebel, L., Koch, A., Koepke, M., Köhler, S., Köhler, W., Kohlstrunk, N., Konopkova, Z., Konstantinov, A., Kook, W., Koprek, W., Körfer, M., Korth, O., Kosarev, A., Kosiński, K., Kostin, D., Kot, Y., Kotarba, A., Kozak, T., Kozak, V., Kramert, R., Krasilnikov, M., Krasnov, A., Krause, B., Kravchuk, L., Krebs, O., Kretschmer, R., Kreutzkamp, J., Kröplin, O., Krzysik, K., Kube, G., Kuehn, H., Kujala, N., Kulikov, V., Kuzminych, V., La Civita, D., Lacroix, M., Lamb, T., Lancetov, A., Larsson, M., Le Pinvidic, D., Lederer, S., Lensch, T., Lenz, D., Leuschner, A., Levenhagen, F., Li, Y., Liebing, J., Lilje, L., Limberg, T., Lipka, D., List, B., Liu, J., Liu, S., Lorbeer, B., Lorkiewicz, J., Lu, H. H., Ludwig, F., Machau, K., Maciocha, W., Madec, C., Magueur, C., Maiano, C., Maksimova, I., Malcher, K., Maltezopoulos, T., Mamoshkina, E., Manschwetus, B., Marcellini, F., Marinkovic, G., Martinez, T., Martirosyan, H., Maschmann, W., Maslov, M., Matheisen, A., Mavric, U., Meißner, J., Meissner, K., Messerschmidt, M., Meyners, N., Michalski, G., Michelato, P., Mildner, N., Moe, M., Moglia, F., Mohr, C., Mohr, S., Möller, W., Mommerz, M., Monaco, L., Montiel, C., Moretti, M., Morozov, I., Morozov, P., Mross, D., Mueller, J., Müller, C., Müller, J., Müller, K., Munilla, J., Münnich, A., Muratov, V., Napoly, O., Näser, B., Nefedov, N., Neumann, Reinhard, Neumann, Rudolf, Ngada, N., Noelle, D., Obier, F., Okunev, I., Oliver, J. A., Omet, M., Oppelt, A., Ottmar, A., Oublaid, M., Pagani, C., Paparella, R., Paramonov, V., Peitzmann, C., Penning, J., Perus, A., Peters, F., Petersen, B., Petrov, A., Petrov, I., Pfeiffer, S., Pflüger, J., Philipp, S., Pienaud, Y., Pierini, P., Pivovarov, S., Planas, M., Pławski, E., Pohl, M., Polinski, J., Popov, V., Prat, S., Prenting, J., Priebe, G., Pryschelski, H., Przygoda, K., Pyata, E., Racky, B., Rathjen, A., Ratuschni, W., Regnaud-Campderros, S., Rehlich, K., Reschke, D., Robson, C., Roever, J., Roggli, M., Rothenburg, J., Rusiński, E., Rybaniec, R., Sahling, H., Salmani, M., Samoylova, L., Sanzone, D., Saretzki, F., Sawlanski, O., Schaffran, J., Schlarb, H., Schlösser, M., Schlott, V., Schmidt, C., Schmidt-Foehre, F., Schmitz, M., Schmökel, M., Schnautz, T., Schneidmiller, E., Scholz, M., Schöneburg, B., Schultze, J., Schulz, C., Schwarz, A., Sekutowicz, J., Sellmann, D., Semenov, E., Serkez, S., Sertore, D., Shehzad, N., Shemarykin, P., Shi, L., Sienkiewicz, M., Sikora, D., Sikorski, M., Silenzi, A., Simon, C., Singer, W., Singer, X., Sinn, H., Sinram, K., Skvorodnev, N., Smirnow, P., Sommer, T., Sorokin, A., Stadler, M., Steckel, M., Steffen, B., Steinhau-Kühl, N., Stephan, F., Stodulski, M., Stolper, M., Sulimov, A., Susen, R., Świerblewski, J., Sydlo, C., Syresin, E., Sytchev, V., Szuba, J., Tesch, N., Thie, J., Thiebault, A., Tiedtke, K., Tischhauser, D., Tolkiehn, J., Tomin, S., Tonisch, F., Toral, F., Torbin, I., Trapp, A., Treyer, D., Trowitzsch, G., Trublet, T., Tschentscher, T., Ullrich, F., Vannoni, M., Varela, P., Varghese, G., Vashchenko, G., Vasic, M., Vazquez-Velez, C., Verguet, A., Vilcins-Czvitkovits, S., Villanueva, R., Visentin, B., Viti, M., Vogel, E., Volobuev, E., Wagner, R., Walker, N., Wamsat, T., Weddig, H., Weichert, G., Weise, H., Wenndorf, R., Werner, M., Wichmann, R., Wiebers, C., Wiencek, M., Wilksen, T., Will, I., Winkelmann, L., Winkowski, M., Wittenburg, K., Witzig, A., Wlk, P., Wohlenberg, T., Wojciechowski, M., Wolff-Fabris, F., Wrochna, G., Wrona, K., Yakopov, M., Yang, B., Yang, F., Yurkov, M., Zagorodnov, I., Zalden, P., Zavadtsev, A., Zavadtsev, D., Zhirnov, A., Zhukov, A., Ziemann, V., Zolotov, A., Zolotukhina, N., Zummack, F., and Zybin, D.

Published
2020
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18. The HERMES Recoil Detector

Author

Airapetian, A., Aschenauer, E. C., Belostotski, S., Borissov, A., Borisenko, A., Bowles, J., Brodski, I., Bryzgalov, V., Burns, J., Capitani, G. P., Carassiti, V., Ciullo, G., Clarkson, A., Contalbrigo, M., De Leo, R., De Sanctis, E., Diefenthaler, M., Di Nezza, P., Düren, M., Ehrenfried, M., Guler, H., Gregor, I. M., Hartig, M., Hill, G., Hoek, M., Holler, Y., Hristova, I., Jo, H. S., Kaiser, R., Keri, T., Kisselev, A., Krause, B., Krauss, B., Lagamba, L., Lehmann, I., Lenisa, P., Lu, S., Lu, X. -G., Lumsden, S., Mahon, D., de la Ossa, A. Martinez, Murray, M., Mussgiller, A., Nowak, W. -D., Naryshkin, Y., Osborne, A., Pappalardo, L. L., Perez-Benito, R., Petrov, A., Pickert, N., Prahl, V., Protopopescu, D., Reinecke, M., Riedl, C., Rith, K., Rosner, G., Rubacek, L., Ryckbosch, D., Salomatin, Y., Schnell, G., Seitz, B., Shearer, C., Shutov, V., Statera, M., Steijger, J. J. M., Stenzel, H., Stewart, J., Stinzing, F., Trzcinski, A., Tytgat, M., Vandenbroucke, A., Van Haarlem, Y., Van Hulse, C., Varanda, M., Veretennikov, D., Vilardi, I., Vikhrov, V., Vogel, C., Yaschenko, S., Ye, Z., Yu, W., Zeiler, D., and Zihlmann, B.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

For the final running period of HERA, a recoil detector was installed at the HERMES experiment to improve measurements of hard exclusive processes in charged-lepton nucleon scattering. Here, deeply virtual Compton scattering is of particular interest as this process provides constraints on generalised parton distributions that give access to the total angular momenta of quarks within the nucleon. The HERMES recoil detector was designed to improve the selection of exclusive events by a direct measurement of the four-momentum of the recoiling particle. It consisted of three components: two layers of double-sided silicon strip sensors inside the HERA beam vacuum, a two-barrel scintillating fibre tracker, and a photon detector. All sub-detectors were located inside a solenoidal magnetic field with an integrated field strength of 1 T. The recoil detector was installed in late 2005. After the commissioning of all components was finished in September 2006, it operated stably until the end of data taking at HERA end of June 2007. The present paper gives a brief overview of the physics processes of interest and the general detector design. The recoil detector components, their calibration, the momentum reconstruction of charged particles, and the event selection are described in detail. The paper closes with a summary of the performance of the detection system., Comment: 50 pages, 72 figures

Published
2013
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21. Direct strain and elastic energy evaluation in rolled-up semiconductor tubes by x-ray micro-diffraction

Author

Malachias, A., Deneke, Ch., Krause, B., Mocuta, C., Kiravittaya, S., Metzger, T. H., and Schmidt, O. G.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

We depict the use of x-ray diffraction as a tool to directly probe the strain status in rolled-up semiconductor tubes. By employing continuum elasticity theory and a simple model we are able to simulate quantitatively the strain relaxation in perfect crystalline III-V semiconductor bi- and multilayers as well as in rolled-up layers with dislocations. The reduction in the local elastic energy is evaluated for each case. Limitations of the technique and theoretical model are discussed in detail., Comment: 32 pages (single column), 9 figures, 39 references

Published
2008
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22. Late growth stages and post-growth diffusion in organic epitaxy: PTCDA on Ag(111)

Author

Krause, B., Duerr, A. C., Schreiber, F., Dosch, H., and Seeck, O. H.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter
Abstract

The late growth stages and the post-growth diffusion of crystalline organic thin films have been investigated for 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) on Ag(111), a model system in organic epitaxy. In situ x-ray measurements at the anti-Bragg point during the growth show intensity oscillations followed by a time-independent intensity which is independent of the growth temperature. At T > 350 K, the intensity increases after growth up to a temperature-dependent saturation value due to a post-growth diffusion process. The time-independent intensity and the subsequent intensity recovery have been reproduced by models based on the morphology change as a function of the growth temperature. The morphology found after the post-growth diffusion processes has been studied by specular rod measurements., Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in Surface Science

Published
2004
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23. Design, Commissioning and Performance of the PIBETA Detector at PSI

Author

Frlez, E., Pocanic, D., Assamagan, K. A., Bagaturia, Yu., Baranov, V. A., Bertl, W., Broennimann, Ch., Bychkov, M. A., Crawford, J. F., Daum, M., Fluegel, Th., Frosch, R., Horisberger, R., Kalinnikov, V. A., Karpukhin, V. V., Khomutov, N. V., Koglin, J. E., Korenchenko, A. S., Korenchenko, S. M., Kozlowski, T., Krause, B., Kravchuk, N. P., Kuchinsky, N. A., Li, W., Lawrence, D. W., Minehart, R. C., Mzhavia, D., Obermeier, H., Renker, D., Ritchie, B. G., Ritt, S., Sakhelashvili, T., Schnyder, R., Sidorkin, V. V., Slocum, P. L., Smith, L. C., Soic, N., Stephens, W. A., Supek, I., Tsamalaidze, Z., VanDevender, B. A., Wang, Y., Wirtz, H. -P., and Ziock, K. O. H.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

We describe the design, construction and performance of the PIBETA detector built for the precise measurement of the branching ratio of pion beta decay, pi+ -> pi0 e+ nu, at the Paul Scherrer Institute. The central part of the detector is a 240-module spherical pure CsI calorimeter covering 3*pi sr solid angle. The calorimeter is supplemented with an active collimator/beam degrader system, an active segmented plastic target, a pair of low-mass cylindrical wire chambers and a 20-element cylindrical plastic scintillator hodoscope. The whole detector system is housed inside a temperature-controlled lead brick enclosure which in turn is lined with cosmic muon plastic veto counters. Commissioning and calibration data were taken during two three-month beam periods in 1999/2000 with pi+ stopping rates between 1.3*E3 pi+/s and 1.3*E6 pi+/s. We examine the timing, energy and angular detector resolution for photons, positrons and protons in the energy range of 5-150 MeV, as well as the response of the detector to cosmic muons. We illustrate the detector signatures for the assorted rare pion and muon decays and their associated backgrounds., Comment: 117 pages, 48 Postscript figures, 5 tables, Elsevier LaTeX, submitted to Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A

Published
2003
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25. DGN-Handlungsempfehlung (S1-Leitlinie) – PSMA-Liganden-PET/CT in der Diagnostik des Prostatakarzinoms – Stand: 01/2022 – AWMF-Registernummer: 031-055

Author

Afshar-Oromieh, A., Eiber, M., Fendler, W., Schmidt, M., Rahbar, K., Ahmadzadehfar, H., Umutlu, L., Hadaschik, B., Hakenberg, O., Fornara, P., Kurth, J., Neels, O., Wester, H.-J., Schwaiger, M., Kopka, K., Haberkorn, U., Herrmann, K., and Krause, B.

Subjects
Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen, PET/CT, Prostate Cancer, PSMA, Medizin, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, General Medicine, Guideline, Positron Emission Tomography
Abstract

PSMA-PET/CT for imaging prostate cancer (PC) has spread worldwide since its clinical introduction in 2011. The majority of experiences have been collected for PSMA-PET-imaging of recurrent PC. Data for primary staging of high-risk PC are highly promising. Meanwhile, a plethora of PSMA-ligands are available for clinical use (e.g. 68Ga-PSMA-11, 68GaPSMA-I&T, 68Ga-PSMA-617, 18F-DCFBC, 18F-DCFPyL, 18F-PSMA-1007, 18F-rhPSMA-7 and 18F-JK-PSMA-7). However, an official approval is available only for 68Ga-PSMA-11 (approved by the US FDA in 2020) and 18F-DCFPyL (approved by the US FDA in 2021). Recommendations for acquisition times vary from 1-2h p.i. It has been shown that for the majority of tumour lesions, the contrast in PSMAPET/CT increases with time. Therefore, additional late imaging can help to clarify unclear findings. PSMA-PET/CT should be performed prior to commencing an androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) since (long term) ADT reduces the visibility of PC lesions. Following injection of PSMA-ligands, hydration and forced diuresis are recommended for PSMA-ligands with primarily excretion via the kidneys in order to increase the visibility of tumour lesions adjacent to the urinary bladder. PSMA-ligands are physiologically taken up in multiple normal organs. For some 18F-labelled PSMA-ligands, presence of unspecific focal bone uptake has been reported. When using these tracers, focal bone uptake without CT-correlate should be interpreted with great caution. Besides prostate cancer, practically all solid tumors express PSMA in their neovasculature thereby taking up PSMA-ligands, although usually at a lower extent compared to PC. Also multiple benign lesions and inflammatory processes (e.g. lymph nodes) take up PSMA-ligands, also usually at lower extent compared to PC.

Published
2023

26. Light response of pure CsI calorimeter crystals painted with wavelength-shifting lacquer

Author

Frlez, E., Broennimann, Ch., Krause, B., Pocanic, D., Renker, D., Ritt, S., Slocum, P. L., Supek, I., and Wirtz, H. P.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

We have measured scintillation properties of pure CsI crystals used in the shower calorimeter built for a precise determination of the pi+ -> pi0 e+ nu decay rate at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI). All 240 individual crystals painted with a special wavelength-shifting solution were examined in a custom-build detection apparatus (RASTA=radioactive source tomography apparatus) that uses a 137Cs radioactive gamma source, cosmic muons and a light emitting diode as complementary probes of the scintillator light response. We have extracted the total light output, axial light collection nonuniformities and timing responses of the individual CsI crystals. These results predict improved performance of the 3 pi sr PIBETA calorimeter due to the painted lateral surfaces of 240 CsI crystals. The wavelength-shifting paint treatment did not affect appreciably the total light output and timing resolution of our crystal sample. The predicted energy resolution for positrons and photons in the energy range of 10-100 MeV was nevertheless improved due to the more favorable axial light collection probability variation. We have compared simulated calorimeter ADC spectra due to 70 MeV positrons and photons with a Monte Carlo calculation of an ideal detector light response., Comment: Elsevier LaTeX, 35 pages in e-print format, 15 Postscript Figures and 4 Tables, also available at http://pibeta.phys.virginia.edu/~pibeta/subprojects/csipro/tomo/rasta.ps

Published
2000
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27. Unusual nonlinear switching in branched carbon nanotube nanocomposites

Author

Lacarbonara W., Guruva S. K., Carboni B., Krause B., Janke A., Formica G., Lanzara G., Lacarbonara, W., Guruva, S. K., Carboni, B., Krause, B., Janke, A., Formica, G., and Lanzara, G.

Subjects
stick-slip, Multidisciplinary, branched carbon nanotubes, stick-slip, geometric nonlinearity, geometric nonlinearity, branched carbon nanotubes
Abstract

In this experimental study, we investigate the nonlinear dynamic response of nanocomposite beams composed of polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and branched carbon nanotubes (bCNTs). By varying the weight fraction of bCNTs, we obtain frequency response curves for cantilever specimens under harmonic base excitations, measuring the tip displacement via 3D scanning laser vibrometry. Our findings reveal a surprising nonlinear softening trend in the steady-state response of the cantilevers, which gets switched into hardening for higher bCNT weight fractions and increasing oscillation amplitudes. The interaction of bCNTs with the thermoplastic hosting matrix results in stick-slip hysteresis, causing a softening nonlinearity that counteracts the geometric hardening associated with the nonlinear curvature of the first mode of the cantilever. However, when the weight fraction of bCNTs is greater than 1%, the bridging of the branched CNTs leads to the formation of a strong network that contributes to the hardening response at higher oscillation amplitudes. This mechanical behavior is detected by the trend of the nonlinear harmonic spectra and the equivalent damping ratio estimated using the half-power bandwidth method. To predict the observed unusual experimental behavior, we use a nonlinear mathematical model of the nanocomposite cantilever samples derived from a 3D mesoscale hysteretic model of the PBT/bCNT material. Our results suggest that the presence of bCNTs in a thermoplastic matrix is the main driver of the highly tunable nonlinear stiffness and damping capacity of the material. The reported experimental and modeling results provide valuable insights into the nonlinear dynamic behavior of PBT/bCNT nanocomposites and have potential applications in the design of advanced materials with tailored mechanical properties.

Published
2023

28. Cosmic muon tomography of pure cesium iodide calorimeter crystals

Author

Frlez, E., Supek, I., Assamagan, K. A., Br"onnimann, Ch., Fl"ugel, Th., Krause, B., Lawrence, D. W., Mzavia, D., Pocanic, D., Renker, D., Ritt, S., Slocum, P. L., and Soic, N.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

Scintillation properties of pure CsI crystals used in the shower calorimeter being built for precise determination of the pi+ -> pi0 e+ nu decay rate are reported. Seventy-four individual crystals, polished and wrapped in Teflon foil, were examined in a multiwire drift chamber system specially designed for transmission cosmic muon tomography. Critical elements of the apparatus and reconstruction algorithms enabling measurement of spatial detector optical nonuniformities are described. Results are compared with a Monte Carlo simulation of the light response of an ideal detector. The deduced optical nonuniformity contributions to the FWHM energy resolution of the PIBETA CsI calorimeter for the pi+ -> e+ nu 69.8 MeV positrons and the monoenergetic 70.8 MeV photons were 2.7% and 3.7%, respectively. The upper limit of optical nonuniformity correction to the 69.8 MeV positron low-energy tail between 5 MeV and 55 MeV was +0.2%, as opposed to the +0.3% tail contribution for the photon of the equivalent total energy. Imposing the 5 MeV calorimeter veto cut to suppress the electromagnetic losses, GEANT-evaluated positron and photon lineshape tail fractions summed over all above-threshold ADCs were found to be 2.36+-0.05(stat)+-0.20(sys)% and 4.68+-0.07(stat)+-0.20(sys)%, respectively., Comment: Elsevier LaTeX, 63 pages in e-print format, 25 PostScript Figures and 4 Tables, also available via anonymous ftp at ftp://helena.phys.virginia.edu/pub/preprints/tomo1.ps

Published
1999
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32. Technological possibilities for transferring the colour of dark barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) into mash and wort to produce beers with a reddish hue.

Author

Häge, D., Reichenbacher, M., Bernhard, M., Krause, B., Zarnkow, M., and Lindemann, B.

Subjects
BARLEY, TECHNOLOGY transfer, COLOR, BEER, MELANINS, LIQUOR laws, PROHIBITION of alcohol
Abstract

In some barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) varieties, reddish-purple anthocyanins and black allomelanins are found in addition to the carotenoids. While melanins are absolutely insoluble in water as well as alcohol and therefore cannot be used in beverage production, anthocyanins are known to provide the characteristic colour of numerous juices and red wines. One focus of this study was to assess the technological possibilities of producing a red coloured beer from coloured barley. The biggest obstacles in conventional production processes are the high pH value of the unfermented mash and wort as well as the immense thermal stress caused by wort boiling. The influence of mash pH, wort boiling and hop addition were investigated in several trials on an experimental level in the lab. No classic brewing trials were conducted. A classic congress mashing process followed by immediate acidification was able to achieve a red colouring of the mash at pH values suitable for consumption. However, delaying acidification by just one day ensured that the anthocyanins contained remained in colourless form. Even a 15-minute wort boiling significantly and irreversibly affected the colour. The addition of iso-a-acid to an acidified extract resulted in a weak but significant decrease in anthocyanin colouration. While the results of the study do not provide guidance for brewing a red beer, this does not seem impossible and further research may allow the production of coloured beers within the framework of the purity law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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33. Das Peniskarzinom

Author

Protzel, C., Kakies, C., Schwarzenboeck, S., Kuhnt, T., Erbersdobler, A., Krause, B., Hakenberg, O.W., Adamietz, Irenäus A., editor, Bechstein, Wolf O., editor, Christiansen, Hans, editor, Doehn, Christian, editor, Hochhaus, Andreas, editor, Hofheinz, Ralf-Dieter, editor, Lichtenegger, Werner, editor, Schadendorf, Dirk, editor, Untch, Michael, editor, and Wittekind, Christian F., editor

Published
2015
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35. Identification and quantification of chromophoric substances in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.).

Author

Häge, D., Reichenbacher, M., Bernhard, M., Schneider, K., Krause, B., Zarnkow, M., and Lindemann, B.

Subjects
BARLEY, OATS, ANTHOCYANIDINS, CYANIDIN, CAFFEIC acid
Abstract

The contents of colouring substances in different cultivated varieties of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) were recorded qualitatively and quantitatively to identify which substances contribute to their colour. HPLC was used to quantify the 3-O-glucosides of the anthocyanidins malvidin, peonidin, pelargonidin, cyanidin and delphinidin. Of the varieties examined, only the ancient spring barley variety 'Weihenstephaner Schwarze Nackte' contained anthocyanins, with delphinidin-3-glucoside accounting for the largest proportion. In addition, another substance was detected, which is most likely also an anthocyanin. The total anthocyanin content was at the upper end of the values previously known from black varieties. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry was used to try to shed more light on the structure of the dark pigments in the outer layers of the black barley grains. The results suggest that the dark substance is a heterooligomer of different, partly phenolic substances. Specifically, the repeated occurrence of a 180 Da monomer could be detected. Since plant melanins are usually synthesised from the phenolic acids found in the plant, this substance could be caffeic acid and would thus be similar to allomelanin from oats (Avena sativa L.), which is a homooligomer of p-coumaric acid. The development of anthocyanins during malting were recorded photometrically. A clear decrease in the total anthocyanin content could be observed, however, clear weaknesses of the method used to date became apparent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023

36. An ultra-high-resolution technique for detection of terahertz pulses

Author

Fernandez Olvera, A.D.J., Krause, B., Betancur-Perez, A.F., De Dios, C., Acedo, P., and Preu, S.

Abstract

We present a novel technique for the detection terahertz pulses generated by femtosecond lasers. It features a Hz-level resolution and does not require a mechanical delay stage or a second femtosecond laser. It works by opto-electronically downconverting the individual frequency components composing the terahertz pulse. Unlike other techniques, it does not require an external spectrum analyzer or a lock-in amplifier for its implementation, although it can also be implemented using them. We believe this technique is a valuable tool to study the ultimate frequency stability of terahertz pulsed systems and the phase noise of the femtosecond lasers that drives them.

Published
2023
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37. Author Correction: A MHz-repetition-rate hard X-ray free-electron laser driven by a superconducting linear accelerator

Author

Decking, W., Abeghyan, S., Abramian, P., Abramsky, A., Aguirre, A., Albrecht, C., Alou, P., Altarelli, M., Altmann, P., Amyan, K., Anashin, V., Apostolov, E., Appel, K., Auguste, D., Ayvazyan, V., Baark, S., Babies, F., Baboi, N., Bak, P., Balandin, V., Baldinger, R., Baranasic, B., Barbanotti, S., Belikov, O., Belokurov, V., Belova, L., Belyakov, V., Berry, S., Bertucci, M., Beutner, B., Block, A., Blöcher, M., Böckmann, T., Bohm, C., Böhnert, M., Bondar, V., Bondarchuk, E., Bonezzi, M., Borowiec, P., Bösch, C., Bösenberg, U., Bosotti, A., Böspflug, R., Bousonville, M., Boyd, E., Bozhko, Y., Brand, A., Branlard, J., Briechle, S., Brinker, F., Brinker, S., Brinkmann, R., Brockhauser, S., Brovko, O., Brück, H., Brüdgam, A., Butkowski, L., Büttner, T., Calero, J., Castro-Carballo, E., Cattalanotto, G., Charrier, J., Chen, J., Cherepenko, A., Cheskidov, V., Chiodini, M., Chong, A., Choroba, S., Chorowski, M., Churanov, D., Cichalewski, W., Clausen, M., Clement, W., Cloué, C., Cobos, J. A., Coppola, N., Cunis, S., Czuba, K., Czwalinna, M., D’Almagne, B., Dammann, J., Danared, H., de Zubiaurre Wagner, A., Delfs, A., Delfs, T., Dietrich, F., Dietrich, T., Dohlus, M., Dommach, M., Donat, A., Dong, X., Doynikov, N., Dressel, M., Duda, M., Duda, P., Eckoldt, H., Ehsan, W., Eidam, J., Eints, F., Engling, C., Englisch, U., Ermakov, A., Escherich, K., Eschke, J., Saldin, E., Faesing, M., Fallou, A., Felber, M., Fenner, M., Fernandes, B., Fernández, J. M., Feuker, S., Filippakopoulos, K., Floettmann, K., Fogel, V., Fontaine, M., Francés, A., Martin, I. Freijo, Freund, W., Freyermuth, T., Friedland, M., Fröhlich, L., Fusetti, M., Fydrych, J., Gallas, A., García, O., Garcia-Tabares, L., Geloni, G., Gerasimova, N., Gerth, C., Geßler, P., Gharibyan, V., Gloor, M., Głowinkowski, J., Goessel, A., Gołębiewski, Z., Golubeva, N., Grabowski, W., Graeff, W., Grebentsov, A., Grecki, M., Grevsmuehl, T., Gross, M., Grosse-Wortmann, U., Grünert, J., Grunewald, S., Grzegory, P., Feng, G., Guler, H., Gusev, G., Gutierrez, J. L., Hagge, L., Hamberg, M., Hanneken, R., Harms, E., Hartl, I., Hauberg, A., Hauf, S., Hauschildt, J., Hauser, J., Havlicek, J., Hedqvist, A., Heidbrook, N., Hellberg, F., Henning, D., Hensler, O., Hermann, T., Hidvégi, A., Hierholzer, M., Hintz, H., Hoffmann, F., Hoffmann, Markus, Hoffmann, Matthias, Holler, Y., Hüning, M., Ignatenko, A., Ilchen, M., Iluk, A., Iversen, J., Iversen, J., Izquierdo, M., Jachmann, L., Jardon, N., Jastrow, U., Jensch, K., Jensen, J., Jeżabek, M., Jidda, M., Jin, H., Johansson, N., Jonas, R., Kaabi, W., Kaefer, D., Kammering, R., Kapitza, H., Karabekyan, S., Karstensen, S., Kasprzak, K., Katalev, V., Keese, D., Keil, B., Kholopov, M., Killenberger, M., Kitaev, B., Klimchenko, Y., Klos, R., Knebel, L., Koch, A., Koepke, M., Köhler, S., Köhler, W., Kohlstrunk, N., Konopkova, Z., Konstantinov, A., Kook, W., Koprek, W., Körfer, M., Korth, O., Kosarev, A., Kosiński, K., Kostin, D., Kot, Y., Kotarba, A., Kozak, T., Kozak, V., Kramert, R., Krasilnikov, M., Krasnov, A., Krause, B., Kravchuk, L., Krebs, O., Kretschmer, R., Kreutzkamp, J., Kröplin, O., Krzysik, K., Kube, G., Kuehn, H., Kujala, N., Kulikov, V., Kuzminych, V., La Civita, D., Lacroix, M., Lamb, T., Lancetov, A., Larsson, M., Le Pinvidic, D., Lederer, S., Lensch, T., Lenz, D., Leuschner, A., Levenhagen, F., Li, Y., Liebing, J., Lilje, L., Limberg, T., Lipka, D., List, B., Liu, J., Liu, S., Lorbeer, B., Lorkiewicz, J., Lu, H. H., Ludwig, F., Machau, K., Maciocha, W., Madec, C., Magueur, C., Maiano, C., Maksimova, I., Malcher, K., Maltezopoulos, T., Mamoshkina, E., Manschwetus, B., Marcellini, F., Marinkovic, G., Martinez, T., Martirosyan, H., Maschmann, W., Maslov, M., Matheisen, A., Mavric, U., Meißner, J., Meissner, K., Messerschmidt, M., Meyners, N., Michalski, G., Michelato, P., Mildner, N., Moe, M., Moglia, F., Mohr, C., Mohr, S., Möller, W., Mommerz, M., Monaco, L., Montiel, C., Moretti, M., Morozov, I., Morozov, P., Mross, D., Mueller, J., Müller, C., Müller, J., Müller, K., Munilla, J., Münnich, A., Muratov, V., Napoly, O., Näser, B., Nefedov, N., Neumann, Reinhard, Neumann, Rudolf, Ngada, N., Noelle, D., Obier, F., Okunev, I., Oliver, J. A., Omet, M., Oppelt, A., Ottmar, A., Oublaid, M., Pagani, C., Paparella, R., Paramonov, V., Peitzmann, C., Penning, J., Perus, A., Peters, F., Petersen, B., Petrov, A., Petrov, I., Pfeiffer, S., Pflüger, J., Philipp, S., Pienaud, Y., Pierini, P., Pivovarov, S., Planas, M., Pławski, E., Pohl, M., Polinski, J., Popov, V., Prat, S., Prenting, J., Priebe, G., Pryschelski, H., Przygoda, K., Pyata, E., Racky, B., Rathjen, A., Ratuschni, W., Regnaud-Campderros, S., Rehlich, K., Reschke, D., Robson, C., Roever, J., Roggli, M., Rothenburg, J., Rusiński, E., Rybaniec, R., Sahling, H., Salmani, M., Samoylova, L., Sanzone, D., Saretzki, F., Sawlanski, O., Schaffran, J., Schlarb, H., Schlösser, M., Schlott, V., Schmidt, C., Schmidt-Foehre, F., Schmitz, M., Schmökel, M., Schnautz, T., Schneidmiller, E., Scholz, M., Schöneburg, B., Schultze, J., Schulz, C., Schwarz, A., Sekutowicz, J., Sellmann, D., Semenov, E., Serkez, S., Sertore, D., Shehzad, N., Shemarykin, P., Shi, L., Sienkiewicz, M., Sikora, D., Sikorski, M., Silenzi, A., Simon, C., Singer, W., Singer, X., Sinn, H., Sinram, K., Skvorodnev, N., Smirnow, P., Sommer, T., Sorokin, A., Stadler, M., Steckel, M., Steffen, B., Steinhau-Kühl, N., Stephan, F., Stodulski, M., Stolper, M., Sulimov, A., Susen, R., Świerblewski, J., Sydlo, C., Syresin, E., Sytchev, V., Szuba, J., Tesch, N., Thie, J., Thiebault, A., Tiedtke, K., Tischhauser, D., Tolkiehn, J., Tomin, S., Tonisch, F., Toral, F., Torbin, I., Trapp, A., Treyer, D., Trowitzsch, G., Trublet, T., Tschentscher, T., Ullrich, F., Vannoni, M., Varela, P., Varghese, G., Vashchenko, G., Vasic, M., Vazquez-Velez, C., Verguet, A., Vilcins-Czvitkovits, S., Villanueva, R., Visentin, B., Viti, M., Vogel, E., Volobuev, E., Wagner, R., Walker, N., Wamsat, T., Weddig, H., Weichert, G., Weise, H., Wenndorf, R., Werner, M., Wichmann, R., Wiebers, C., Wiencek, M., Wilksen, T., Will, I., Winkelmann, L., Winkowski, M., Wittenburg, K., Witzig, A., Wlk, P., Wohlenberg, T., Wojciechowski, M., Wolff-Fabris, F., Wrochna, G., Wrona, K., Yakopov, M., Yang, B., Yang, F., Yurkov, M., Zagorodnov, I., Zalden, P., Zavadtsev, A., Zavadtsev, D., Zhirnov, A., Zhukov, A., Ziemann, V., Zolotov, A., Zolotukhina, N., Zummack, F., and Zybin, D.

Published
2020
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39. Lattice dynamics of β−FeSi2 nanorods

Author

Kalt, J., primary, Sternik, M., additional, Sergeev, I., additional, Mikolasek, M., additional, Bessas, D., additional, Göttlicher, J., additional, Krause, B., additional, Vitova, T., additional, Steininger, R., additional, Sikora, O., additional, Jochym, P. T., additional, Leupold, O., additional, Wille, H.-C., additional, Chumakov, A. I., additional, Piekarz, P., additional, Parlinski, K., additional, Baumbach, T., additional, and Stankov, S., additional

Published
2022
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40. [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 dans le cancer de la prostate métastatique positif au PSMA et résistant à la castration : analyses des sous-groupes de traitement antérieurs et concomitants de l’essai vision

Author

Bernard Tessier, A., primary, Fizazi, K., additional, Vaishampayan, N., additional, Morris, M., additional, Krause, B., additional, Vogelzang, N., additional, Kendi, A., additional, Nordquist, L., additional, Nagarajah, J., additional, Beer, T., additional, El-Haddad, G., additional, and Sartor, O., additional

Published
2022
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41. Nuklearmedizinische Diagnostik

Author

Krause, B. J., Herrmann, K., Ott, K., Meyer zum Büschenfelde, C., Schwaiger, M., Siewert, J. R., editor, Rothmund, Matthias, editor, and Schumpelick, Volker, editor

Published
2010
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49. Delegation and Empowerment in CAATE Accredited Athletic Training Education Programs

Author

Hoch, Johanna, White, Kristi, Starkey, Chad, and Krause, B. Andrew

Abstract

Context: The use of delegation can potentially alleviate some of the stress with administering an athletic training education program (ATEP) and allow program directors (PDs) to focus on other aspects of their academic role. Objectives: To determine the reasons PDs delegate and do not delegate tasks to other faculty of ATEPs accredited by the Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education (CAATE), and to determine if clinical education coordinators (CECs) of accredited ATEPs feel empowered when completing these tasks. Design and Setting: Survey of CECs and PDs of CAATE accredited entry-level ATEPs. Patients or other participants: At the time of this research there were 358 CAATE accredited entry-level ATEPs; 143 of these institutions had both CECs and PDs on staff resulting in 286 possible participants. Data Collection and Analysis: We developed two electronic survey instruments and established the validity and reliability. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze and rank administrative tasks. Results: We ranked five reasons PDs delegate and do not delegate administrative tasks to the other faculty of the ATEP. For over 80% (n = 25) of the PDs surveyed, frequency statistics suggested that lack of confidence and lack of trust in others were the number one and number two reasons, respectively, for not delegating tasks to other faculty. Also, PDs ranked improving productivity as their primary reason to delegate tasks to other members of the ATEP. Finally, CECs felt empowered 59% of the time when completing assigned tasks. Conclusions: When used properly, delegation can alleviate some of the job stresses PDs face in accredited entry-level ATEPs. However, in order for delegation to improve the PDs and CECs job satisfaction, the CECs must feel empowered when completing these tasks to the level CAATE requires. (Contains 5 tables.)

Published
2009

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