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3. Analysis of Proton Bunch Parameters in the AWAKE Experiment

Author

Hafych, V., Caldwell, A., Agnello, R., Ahdida, C. C., Aladi, M., Goncalves, M. C. Amoedo, Andrebe, Y., Apsimon, O., Apsimon, R., Bachmann, A. -M., Baistrukov, M. A., Batsch, F., Bergamaschi, M., Blanchard, P., Burrows, P. N., Buttenschön, B., Chappell, J., Chevallay, E., Chung, M., Cooke, D. A., Damerau, H., Davut, C., Demeter, G., Dexter, A., Doebert, S., Farmer, J., Fasoli, A., Fedosseev, V. N., Fiorito, R., Fonseca, R. A., Furno, I., Gessner, S., Gorn, A. A., Granados, E., Granetzny, M., Graubner, T., Grulke, O., Gschwendtner, E., Guran, E. D., Henderson, J. R., Hüther, M., Kedves, M. Á., Khudyakov, V., Kim, S. -Y., Kraus, F., Krupa, M., Lefevre, T., Liang, L., Lopes, N., Lotov, K. V., Mazzoni, S., Godoy, D. Medina, Moody, J. T., Moon, K., Guzmán, P. I. Morales, Moreira, M., Nechaeva, T., Nowak, E., Pakuza, C., Panuganti, H., Pardons, A., Perera, A., Pucek, J., Pukhov, A., Ráczkevi, B., Ramjiawan, R. L., Rey, S., Schmitz, O., Senes, E., Silva, L. O., Stollberg, C., Sublet, A., Topaloudis, A., Torrado, N., Tuev, P. V., Turner, M., Velotti, F., Verra, L., Vieira, J., Vincke, H., Welsch, C. P., Wendt, M., Wing, M., Wolfenden, J., Woolley, B., Xia, G., Zepp, M., and Della Porta, G. Zevi

Subjects
Physics - Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

A precise characterization of the incoming proton bunch parameters is required to accurately simulate the self-modulation process in the Advanced Wakefield Experiment (AWAKE). This paper presents an analysis of the parameters of the incoming proton bunches used in the later stages of the AWAKE Run 1 data-taking period. The transverse structure of the bunch is observed at multiple positions along the beamline using scintillating or optical transition radiation screens. The parameters of a model that describes the bunch transverse dimensions and divergence are fitted to represent the observed data using Bayesian inference. The analysis is tested on simulated data and then applied to the experimental data.

Published
2021
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5. Simulation and Experimental Study of Proton Bunch Self-Modulation in Plasma with Linear Density Gradients

Author

Guzmán, P. I. Morales, Muggli, P., Agnello, R., Ahdida, C. C., Aladi, M., Goncalves, M. C. Amoedo, Andrebe, Y., Apsimon, O., Apsimon, R., Bachmann, A. -M., Baistrukov, M. A., Batsch, F., Bergamaschi, M., Blanchard, P., Braunmüller, F., Burrows, P. N., Buttenschön, B., Caldwell, A., Chappell, J., Chevallay, E., Chung, M., Cooke, D. A., Damerau, H., Davut, C., Demeter, G., Dexter, A., Doebert, S., Farmer, J., Fasoli, A., Fedosseev, V. N., Fiorito, R., Fonseca, R. A., Furno, I., Gessner, S., Gorn, A. A., Granados, E., Granetzny, M., Graubner, T., Grulke, O., Gschwendtner, E., Guran, E. D., Hafych, V., Henderson, J. R., Hüther, M., Kedves, M. Á., Khudyakov, V., Kim, S. -Y., Kraus, F., Krupa, M., Lefevre, T., Liang, L., Lopes, N., Lotov, K. V., Martyanov, M., Mazzoni, S., Godoy, D. Medina, Moody, J. T., Moon, K., Moreira, M., Nechaeva, T., Nowak, E., Pakuza, C., Panuganti, H., Pardons, A., Perera, A., Pucek, J., Pukhov, A., Ráczkevi, B., Ramjiawan, R. L., Rey, S., Schmitz, O., Senes, E., Silva, L. O., Stollberg, C., Sublet, A., Topaloudis, A., Torrado, N., Tuev, P. V., Turner, M., Velotti, F., Verra, L., Vieira, J., Vincke, H., Welsch, C. P., Wendt, M., Wing, M., Wolfenden, J., Woolley, B., Xia, G., Zepp, M., and Della Porta, G. Zevi

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics, Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract

We present numerical simulations and experimental results of the self-modulation of a long proton bunch in a plasma with linear density gradients along the beam path. Simulation results agree with the experimental results reported in arXiv:2007.14894v2: with negative gradients, the charge of the modulated bunch is lower than with positive gradients. In addition, the bunch modulation frequency varies with gradient. Simulation results show that dephasing of the wakefields with respect to the relativistic protons along the plasma is the main cause for the loss of charge. The study of the modulation frequency reveals details about the evolution of the self-modulation process along the plasma. In particular for negative gradients, the modulation frequency across time-resolved images of the bunch indicates the position along the plasma where protons leave the wakefields. Simulations and experimental results are in excellent agreement., Comment: 13 pages, 11 figures

Published
2021
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6. Transition between Instability and Seeded Self-Modulation of a Relativistic Particle Bunch in Plasma

Author

Batsch, F., Muggli, P., Agnello, R., Ahdida, C. C., Goncalves, M. C. Amoedo, Andrebe, Y., Apsimon, O., Apsimon, R., Bachmann, A. -M., Baistrukov, M. A., Blanchard, P., Braunmüller, F., Burrows, P. N., Buttenschön, B., Caldwell, A., Chappell, J., Chevallay, E., Chung, M., Cooke, D. A., Damerau, H., Davut, C., Demeter, G., Deubner, H. L., Doebert, S., Farmer, J., Fasoli, A., Fedosseev, V. N., Fiorito, R., Fonseca, R. A., Friebel, F., Furno, I., Garolfi, L., Gessner, S., Gorgisyan, I., Gorn, A. A., Granados, E., Granetzny, M., Graubner, T., Grulke, O., Gschwendtner, E., Hafych, V., Helm, A., Henderson, J. R., Hüther, M., Kargapolov, I. Yu., Kim, S. -Y., Kraus, F., Krupa, M., Lefevre, T., Liang, L., Liu, S., Lopes, N., Lotov, K. V., Martyanov, M., Mazzoni, S., Godoy, D. Medina, Minakov, V. A., Moody, J. T., Moon, K., Guzmán, P. I. Morales, Moreira, M., Nechaeva, T., Nowak, E., Pakuza, C., Panuganti, H., Pardons, A., Perera, A., Pucek, J., Pukhov, A., Ramjiawan, R. L., Rey, S., Rieger, K., Schmitz, O., Senes, E., Silva, L. O., Speroni, R., Spitsyn, R. I., Stollberg, C., Sublet, A., Topaloudis, A., Torrado, N., Tuev, P. V., Turner, M., Velotti, F., Verra, L., Verzilov, V. A., Vieira, J., Vincke, H., Welsch, C. P., Wendt, M., Wing, M., Wiwattananon, P., Wolfenden, J., Woolley, B., Xia, G., Zepp, M., and Della Porta, G. Zevi

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics, Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract

We use a relativistic ionization front to provide various initial transverse wakefield amplitudes for the self-modulation of a long proton bunch in plasma. We show experimentally that, with sufficient initial amplitude ($\ge(4.1\pm0.4)$ MV/m), the phase of the modulation along the bunch is reproducible from event to event, with 3 to 7% (of 2$\pi$) rms variations all along the bunch. The phase is not reproducible for lower initial amplitudes. We observe the transition between these two regimes. Phase reproducibility is essential for deterministic external injection of particles to be accelerated., Comment: Letter and Supplemental Material, 6 figures, 8 pages

Published
2020
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7. Experimental study of extended timescale dynamics of a plasma wakefield driven by a self-modulated proton bunch

Author

Chappell, J., Adli, E., Agnello, R., Aladi, M., Andrebe, Y., Apsimon, O., Apsimon, R., Bachmann, A. -M., Baistrukov, M. A., Batsch, F., Bergamaschi, M., Blanchard, P., Burrows, P. N., Buttenschön, B., Caldwell, A., Chevallay, E., Chung, M., Cooke, D. A., Damerau, H., Davut, C., Demeter, G., Deubner, L. H., Dexter, A., Djotyan, G. P., Doebert, S., Farmer, J., Fasoli, A., Fedosseev, V. N., Fiorito, R., Fonseca, R. A., Friebel, F., Turno, I., Garolfi, L., Gessner, S., Goddard, B., Gorgisyan, I., Gorn, A. A., Granados, E., Granetzny, M., Grulke, O., Gschwendtner, E., Hafych, V., Hartin, A., Helm, A., Henderson, J. R., Howling, A., Hüther, M., Jacquier, R., Jolly, S., Kargapolov, I. Yu., Kedves, M. Á., Keeble, F., Kelisani, M. D., Kim, S. -Y., Kraus, F., Krupa, M., Lefevre, T., Li, Y., Liang, L., Liu, S., Lopes, N., Lotov, K. V., Martyanov, M., Mazzoni, S., Godoy, D. Medina, Minakov, V. A., Moody, J. T., Guzmán, P. I. Morales, Moreira, M., Panuganti, H., Pardons, A., Asmus, F. Peña, Perera, A., Petrenko, A., Pucek, J., Pukhov, A., Ráczkevi, B., Ramjiawan, R. L., Rey, S., Ruhl, H., Saberi, H., Schmitz, O., Senes, E., Sherwood, P., Silva, L. O., Spitsyn, R. I., Tuev, P. V., Velotti, F., Verra, L., Verzilov, V. A., Vieira, J., Welsch, C. P., Williamson, B., Wing, M., Wolfenden, J., Woolley, B., Dia, G., Zepp, M., and Della Porta, G. Zevi

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics, Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract

Plasma wakefield dynamics over timescales up to 800 ps, approximately 100 plasma periods, are studied experimentally at the Advanced Wakefield Experiment (AWAKE). The development of the longitudinal wakefield amplitude driven by a self-modulated proton bunch is measured using the external injection of witness electrons that sample the fields. In simulation, resonant excitation of the wakefield causes plasma electron trajectory crossing, resulting in the development of a potential outside the plasma boundary as electrons are transversely ejected. Trends consistent with the presence of this potential are experimentally measured and their dependence on wakefield amplitude are studied via seed laser timing scans and electron injection delay scans., Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures

Published
2020
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8. Proton beam defocusing in AWAKE: comparison of simulations and measurements

Author

Gorn, A. A., Turner, M., Adli, E., Agnello, R., Aladi, M., Andrebe, Y., Apsimon, O., Apsimon, R., Bachmann, A. -M., Baistrukov, M. A., Batsch, F., Bergamaschi, M., Blanchard, P., Burrows, P. N., Buttenschon, B., Caldwell, A., Chappell, J., Chevallay, E., Chung, M., Cooke, D. A., Damerau, H., Davut, C., Demeter, G., Deubner, L. H., Dexter, A., Djotyan, G. P., Doebert, S., Farmer, J., Fasoli, A., Fedosseev, V. N., Fiorito, R., Fonseca, R. A., Friebel, F., Furno, I., Garolfi, L., Gessner, S., Goddard, B., Gorgisyan, I., Granados, E., Granetzny, M., Grulke, O., Gschwendtner, E., Hafych, V., Hartin, A., Helm, A., Henderson, J. R., Howling, A., Huther, M., Jacquier, R., Kargapolov, I. Yu., Kedves, M. A., Keeble, F., Kelisani, M. D., Kim, S. -Y., Kraus, F., Krupa, M., Lefevre, T., Liang, L., Liu, S., Lopes, N., Lotov, K. V., Martyanov, M., Mazzoni, S., Godoy, D. Medina, Minakov, V. A., Moody, J. T., Guzman, P. I. Morales, Moreira, M., Nechaeva, T., Panuganti, H., Pardons, A., Asmus, F. Pena, Perera, A., Petrenko, A., Pucek, J., Pukhov, A., Raczkevi, B., Ramjiawan, R. L., Rey, S., Ruhl, H., Saberi, H., Schmitz, O., Senes, E., Sherwood, P., Silva, L. O., Spitsyn, R. I., Tuev, P. V., Velotti, F., Verra, L., Verzilov, V. A., Vieira, J., Welsch, C. P., Williamson, B., Wing, M., Wolfenden, J., Woolley, B., Xia, G., Zepp, M., and Della Porta, G. Zevi

Subjects
Physics - Accelerator Physics, Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

In 2017, AWAKE demonstrated the seeded self-modulation (SSM) of a 400 GeV proton beam from the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) at CERN. The angular distribution of the protons deflected due to SSM is a quantitative measure of the process, which agrees with simulations by the two-dimensional (axisymmetric) particle-in-cell code LCODE. Agreement is achieved for beam populations between $10^{11}$ and $3 \times 10^{11}$ particles, various plasma density gradients ($-20 \div 20\%$) and two plasma densities ($2\times 10^{14} \text{cm}^{-3}$ and $7 \times 10^{14} \text{cm}^{-3}$). The agreement is reached only in the case of a wide enough simulation box (at least five plasma wavelengths)., Comment: 8 pages, 9 figures, 1 table

Published
2020

10. Experimental observation of proton bunch modulation in a plasma, at varying plasma densities

Author

Adli, E., Ahuja, A., Apsimon, O., Apsimon, R., Bachmann, A. -M., Barrientos, D., Barros, M. M., Batkiewicz, J., Batsch, F., Bauche, J., Olsen, V. K. Berglyd, Bernardini, M., Biskup, B., Boccardi, A., Bogey, T., Bohl, T., Bracco, C., Braunmüller, F., Burger, S., Burt, G., Bustamante, S., Buttenschön, B., Caldwell, A., Cascella, M., Chappell, J., Chevallay, E., Chung, M., Cooke, D., Damerau, H., Deacon, L., Deubner, L. H., Dexter, A., Doebert, S., Farmer, J., Fedosseev, V. N., Fior, G., Fiorito, R., Fonseca, R. A., Friebel, F., Garolfi, L., Gessner, S., Gorgisyan, I., Gorn, A. A., Granados, E., Grulke, O., Gschwendtner, E., Guerrero, A., Hansen, J., Helm, A., Henderson, J. R., Hessler, C., Hoe, W., Hüther, M., Ibison, M., Jensen, L., Jolly, S., Keeble, F., Kim, S. -Y., Kraus, F., Lefevre, T., LeGodec, G., Li, Y., Liu, S., Lopes, N., Lotov, K. V., Brun, L. Maricalva, Martyanov, M., Mazzoni, S., Godoy, D. Medina, Minakov, V. A., Mitchell, J., Molendijk, J. C., Mompo, R., Moody, J. T., Moreira, M., Muggli, P., Mutin, C., Öz, E., Ozturk, E., Pasquino, C., Pardons, A., Asmus, F. Pena, Pepitone, K., Perera, A., Petrenko, A., Pitman, S., Plyushchev, G., Pukhov, A., Rey, S., Rieger, K., Ruhl, H., Schmidt, J. S., Shalimova, I. A., Shaposhnikova, E., Sherwood, P., Silva, L. O., Soby, L., Sosedkin, A. P., Speroni, R., Spitsyn, R. I., Tuev, P. V., Turner, M., Velotti, F., Verra, L., Verzilov, V. A., Vieira, J., Vincke, H., Welsch, C. P., Williamson, B., Wing, M., Woolley, B., and Xia, G.

Subjects
Physics - Accelerator Physics, Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

We give direct experimental evidence for the observation of the full transverse self-modulation of a relativistic proton bunch propagating through a dense plasma. The bunch exits the plasma with a density modulation resulting from radial wakefield effects with a period reciprocal to the plasma frequency. We show that the modulation is seeded by using an intense laser pulse co-propagating with the proton bunch which creates a relativistic ionization front within the bunch. We show by varying the plasma density over one order of magnitude that the modulation period scales with the expected dependence on the plasma density., Comment: 4 figures, AWAKE collaboration paper, Submitted to PRL

Published
2018
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11. Acceleration of electrons in the plasma wakefield of a proton bunch

Author

The AWAKE Collaboration, Adli, E., Ahuja, A., Apsimon, O., Apsimon, R., Bachmann, A. -M., Barrientos, D., Batsch, F., Bauche, J., Olsen, V. K. Berglyd, Bernardini, M., Bohl, T., Bracco, C., Braunmueller, F., Burt, G., Buttenschoen, B., Caldwell, A., Cascella, M., Chappell, J., Chevallay, E., Chung, M., Cooke, D., Damerau, H., Deacon, L., Deubner, L. H., Dexter, A., Doebert, S., Farmer, J., Fedosseev, V. N., Fiorito, R., Fonseca, R. A., Friebel, F., Garolfi, L., Gessner, S., Gorgisyan, I., Gorn, A. A., Granados, E., Grulke, O., Gschwendtner, E., Hansen, J., Helm, A., Henderson, J. R., Huether, M., Ibison, M., Jensen, L., Jolly, S., Keeble, F., Kim, S. -Y., Kraus, F., Li, Y., Liu, S., Lopes, N., Lotov, K. V., Brun, L. Maricalva, Martyanov, M., Mazzoni, S., Godoy, D. Medina, Minakov, V. A., Mitchell, J., Molendijk, J. C., Moody, J. T., Moreira, M., Muggli, P., Oez, E., Pasquino, C., Pardons, A., Asmus, F. Pena, Pepitone, K., Perera, A., Petrenko, A., Pitman, S., Pukhov, A., Rey, S., Rieger, K., Ruhl, H., Schmidt, J. S., Shalimova, I. A., Sherwood, P., Silva, L. O., Soby, L., Sosedkin, A. P., Speroni, R., Spitsyn, R. I., Tuev, P. V., Turner, M., Velotti, F., Verra, L., Verzilov, V. A., Vieira, J., Welsch, C. P., Williamson, B., Wing, M., Woolley, B., and Xia, G.

Subjects
Physics - Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

High energy particle accelerators have been crucial in providing a deeper understanding of fundamental particles and the forces that govern their interactions. In order to increase the energy or reduce the size of the accelerator, new acceleration schemes need to be developed. Plasma wakefield acceleration, in which the electrons in a plasma are excited, leading to strong electric fields, is one such promising novel acceleration technique. Pioneering experiments have shown that an intense laser pulse or electron bunch traversing a plasma, drives electric fields of 10s GV/m and above. These values are well beyond those achieved in conventional RF accelerators which are limited to ~0.1 GV/m. A limitation of laser pulses and electron bunches is their low stored energy, which motivates the use of multiple stages to reach very high energies. The use of proton bunches is compelling, as they have the potential to drive wakefields and accelerate electrons to high energy in a single accelerating stage. The long proton bunches currently available can be used, as they undergo self-modulation, a particle-plasma interaction which longitudinally splits the bunch into a series of high density microbunches, which then act resonantly to create large wakefields. The AWAKE experiment at CERN uses intense bunches of protons, each of energy 400 GeV, with a total bunch energy of 19 kJ, to drive a wakefield in a 10 m long plasma. Bunches of electrons are injected into the wakefield formed by the proton microbunches. This paper presents measurements of electrons accelerated up to 2 GeV at AWAKE. This constitutes the first demonstration of proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration. The potential for this scheme to produce very high energy electron bunches in a single accelerating stage means that the results shown here are a significant step towards the development of future high energy particle accelerators., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures. Updated acknowledgements and one reference

Published
2018
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12. Proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration in AWAKE.

Author

Gschwendtner, E, Turner, M, Adli, E, Ahuja, A, Apsimon, O, Apsimon, R, Bachmann, A-M, Batsch, F, Bracco, C, Braunmüller, F, Burger, S, Burt, G, Buttenschön, B, Caldwell, A, Chappell, J, Chevallay, E, Chung, M, Cooke, D, Damerau, H, Deubner, LH, Dexter, A, Doebert, S, Farmer, J, Fedosseev, VN, Fiorito, R, Fonseca, RA, Friebel, F, Garolfi, L, Gessner, S, Goddard, B, Gorgisyan, I, Gorn, AA, Granados, E, Grulke, O, Hartin, A, Helm, A, Henderson, JR, Hüther, M, Ibison, M, Jolly, S, Keeble, F, Kelisani, MD, Kim, S-Y, Kraus, F, Krupa, M, Lefevre, T, Li, Y, Liu, S, Lopes, N, Lotov, KV, Martyanov, M, Mazzoni, S, Minakov, VA, Molendijk, JC, Moody, JT, Moreira, M, Muggli, P, Panuganti, H, Pardons, A, Peña Asmus, F, Perera, A, Petrenko, A, Pukhov, A, Rey, S, Sherwood, P, Silva, LO, Sosedkin, AP, Tuev, PV, Velotti, F, Verra, L, Verzilov, VA, Vieira, J, Welsch, CP, Wendt, M, Williamson, B, Wing, M, Woolley, B, and Xia, G

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Synchrotrons and Accelerators, Physical Sciences, AWAKE, plasma wakefield acceleration, seeded self modulation, AWAKE Collaboration, physics.acc-ph, General Science & Technology
Abstract

In this article, we briefly summarize the experiments performed during the first run of the Advanced Wakefield Experiment, AWAKE, at CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research). The final goal of AWAKE Run 1 (2013-2018) was to demonstrate that 10-20 MeV electrons can be accelerated to GeV energies in a plasma wakefield driven by a highly relativistic self-modulated proton bunch. We describe the experiment, outline the measurement concept and present first results. Last, we outline our plans for the future. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Directions in particle beam-driven plasma wakefield acceleration'.

Published
2019

13. Results from a synthetic model of the ITER XRCS-Core diagnostic based on high-fidelity x-ray ray tracing.

Author

Pablant, N. A., Cheng, Z., O'Mullane, M., Gao, L., Barnsley, R., Bartlett, M. N., Bitter, M., Bourcart, E., Brown, G. V., De Bock, M., Delgado-Aparicio, L. F., Dunn, C., Fairchild, A. J., Hell, N., Hill, K. W., Klabacha, J., Kraus, F., Lu, D., Magesh, P. B., and Mishra, S.

Subjects
RAY tracing, PYROLYTIC graphite, COMPUTER-aided design, ENGINEERING tolerances, ION temperature
Abstract

A high-fidelity synthetic diagnostic has been developed for the ITER core x-ray crystal spectrometer diagnostic based on x-ray ray tracing. This synthetic diagnostic has been used to model expected performance of the diagnostic, to aid in diagnostic design, and to develop engineering tolerances. The synthetic model is based on x-ray ray tracing using the recently developed xicsrt ray tracing code and includes a fully three-dimensional representation of the diagnostic based on the computer aided design. The modeled components are: plasma geometry and emission profiles, highly oriented pyrolytic graphite pre-reflectors, spherically bent crystals, and pixelated x-ray detectors. Plasma emission profiles have been calculated for Xe44+, Xe47+, and Xe51+, based on an ITER operational scenario available through the Integrated Modelling & Analysis Suite database, and modeled within the ray tracing code as a volumetric x-ray source; the shape of the plasma source is determined by equilibrium geometry and an appropriate wavelength distribution to match the expected ion temperature profile. All individual components of the x-ray optical system have been modeled with high-fidelity producing a synthetic detector image that is expected to closely match what will be seen in the final as-built system. Particular care is taken to maintain preservation of photon statistics throughout the ray tracing allowing for quantitative estimates of diagnostic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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14. Acceleration of electrons in the plasma wakefield of a proton bunch

Author

Adli, E, Ahuja, A, Apsimon, O, Apsimon, R, Bachmann, A-M, Barrientos, D, Batsch, F, Bauche, J, Berglyd Olsen, VK, Bernardini, M, Bohl, T, Bracco, C, Braunmüller, F, Burt, G, Buttenschön, B, Caldwell, A, Cascella, M, Chappell, J, Chevallay, E, Chung, M, Cooke, D, Damerau, H, Deacon, L, Deubner, LH, Dexter, A, Doebert, S, Farmer, J, Fedosseev, VN, Fiorito, R, Fonseca, RA, Friebel, F, Garolfi, L, Gessner, S, Gorgisyan, I, Gorn, AA, Granados, E, Grulke, O, Gschwendtner, E, Hansen, J, Helm, A, Henderson, JR, Hüther, M, Ibison, M, Jensen, L, Jolly, S, Keeble, F, Kim, S-Y, Kraus, F, Li, Y, Liu, S, Lopes, N, Lotov, KV, Maricalva Brun, L, Martyanov, M, Mazzoni, S, Medina Godoy, D, Minakov, VA, Mitchell, J, Molendijk, JC, Moody, JT, Moreira, M, Muggli, P, Öz, E, Pasquino, C, Pardons, A, Peña Asmus, F, Pepitone, K, Perera, A, Petrenko, A, Pitman, S, Pukhov, A, Rey, S, Rieger, K, Ruhl, H, Schmidt, JS, Shalimova, IA, Sherwood, P, Silva, LO, Soby, L, Sosedkin, AP, Speroni, R, Spitsyn, RI, Tuev, PV, Turner, M, Velotti, F, Verra, L, Verzilov, VA, Vieira, J, Welsch, CP, Williamson, B, Wing, M, Woolley, B, and Xia, G

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Physical Sciences, Affordable and Clean Energy, General Science & Technology
Abstract

High-energy particle accelerators have been crucial in providing a deeper understanding of fundamental particles and the forces that govern their interactions. To increase the energy of the particles or to reduce the size of the accelerator, new acceleration schemes need to be developed. Plasma wakefield acceleration1-5, in which the electrons in a plasma are excited, leading to strong electric fields (so called 'wakefields'), is one such promising acceleration technique. Experiments have shown that an intense laser pulse6-9 or electron bunch10,11 traversing a plasma can drive electric fields of tens of gigavolts per metre and above-well beyond those achieved in conventional radio-frequency accelerators (about 0.1 gigavolt per metre). However, the low stored energy of laser pulses and electron bunches means that multiple acceleration stages are needed to reach very high particle energies5,12. The use of proton bunches is compelling because they have the potential to drive wakefields and to accelerate electrons to high energy in a single acceleration stage13. Long, thin proton bunches can be used because they undergo a process called self-modulation14-16, a particle-plasma interaction that splits the bunch longitudinally into a series of high-density microbunches, which then act resonantly to create large wakefields. The Advanced Wakefield (AWAKE) experiment at CERN17-19 uses high-intensity proton bunches-in which each proton has an energy of 400 gigaelectronvolts, resulting in a total bunch energy of 19 kilojoules-to drive a wakefield in a ten-metre-long plasma. Electron bunches are then injected into this wakefield. Here we present measurements of electrons accelerated up to two gigaelectronvolts at the AWAKE experiment, in a demonstration of proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration. Measurements were conducted under various plasma conditions and the acceleration was found to be consistent and reliable. The potential for this scheme to produce very high-energy electron bunches in a single accelerating stage20 means that our results are an important step towards the development of future high-energy particle accelerators21,22.

Published
2018

16. Correction to ‘Proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration in AWAKE’

Author

The AWAKE Collaboration, Gschwendtner, E., Turner, M., Adli, E., Ahuja, A., Apsimon, O., Apsimon, R., Bachmann, A.-M., Batsch, F., Bracco, C., Braunmüller, F., Burger, S., Burt, G., Buttenschön, B., Caldwell, A., Chappell, J., Chevallay, E., Chung, M., Cooke, D., Damerau, H., Deubner, L. H., Dexter, A., Doebert, S., Farmer, J., Fedosseev, V. N., Fiorito, R., Fonseca, R. A., Friebel, F., Garolfi, L., Gessner, S., Goddard, B., Gorgisyan, I., Gorn, A. A., Granados, E., Grulke, O., Hartin, A., Helm, A., Henderson, J. R., Hüther, M., Ibison, M., Jolly, S., Keeble, F., Kelisani, M. D., Kim, S.-Y., Kraus, F., Krupa, M., Lefevre, T., Li, Y., Liu, S., Lopes, N., Lotov, K. V., Martyanov, M., Mazzoni, S., Minakov, V. A., Molendijk, J. C., Moody, J. T., Moreira, M., Muggli, P., Panuganti, H., Pardons, A., Asmus, F. Peña, Perera, A., Petrenko, A., Pukhov, A., Rey, S., Sherwood, P., Silva, L. O., Sosedkin, A. P., Tuev, P. V., Velotti, F., Verra, L., Verzilov, V. A., Vieira, J., Welsch, C. P., Wendt, M., Williamson, B., Wing, M., Woolley, B., and Xia, G.

Published
2020

17. Hosing of a Long Relativistic Particle Bunch in Plasma

Author

Nechaeva, T., Verra, L., Pucek, J., Ranc, L., Bergamaschi, M., Zevi Della Porta, G., Muggli, P., Agnello, R., Ahdida, C. C., Amoedo, C., Andrebe, Y., Apsimon, O., Apsimon, R., Arnesano, J. M., Bencini, V., Blanchard, P., Burrows, P. N., Buttenschön, B., Caldwell, A., Chung, M., Cooke, D. A., Davut, C., Demeter, G., Dexter, A. C., Doebert, S., Farmer, J., Fasoli, A., Fonseca, R., Furno, I., Granados, E., Granetzny, M., Graubner, T., Grulke, O., Gschwendtner, E., Guran, E., Henderson, J., Kedves, M., Kim, S. Y., Kraus, F., Krupa, M., Lefevre, T., Liang, L., Liu, S., Lopes, N., Lotov, K., Martinez Calderon, M., Mazzoni, S., Moon, K., Morales Guzmán, P. I., Moreira, M., Okhotnikov, N., Pakuza, C., Pannell, Fern, Pardons, A., Pepitone, K., Poimenidou, E., Pukhov, A., Rey, S., Rossel, R., Saberi, H., Schmitz, O., Senes, E., Silva, F., Spear, B., Stollberg, C., Sublet, A., Swain, C., Topaloudis, A., Torrado, N., Turner, M., Velotti, F., Verzilov, V., Vieira, J., Welsch, C., Wendt, M., Wing, M., Wolfenden, J., Woolley, B., Xia, G., Yarygova, V., Zepp, M., Nechaeva, T., Verra, L., Pucek, J., Ranc, L., Bergamaschi, M., Zevi Della Porta, G., Muggli, P., Agnello, R., Ahdida, C. C., Amoedo, C., Andrebe, Y., Apsimon, O., Apsimon, R., Arnesano, J. M., Bencini, V., Blanchard, P., Burrows, P. N., Buttenschön, B., Caldwell, A., Chung, M., Cooke, D. A., Davut, C., Demeter, G., Dexter, A. C., Doebert, S., Farmer, J., Fasoli, A., Fonseca, R., Furno, I., Granados, E., Granetzny, M., Graubner, T., Grulke, O., Gschwendtner, E., Guran, E., Henderson, J., Kedves, M., Kim, S. Y., Kraus, F., Krupa, M., Lefevre, T., Liang, L., Liu, S., Lopes, N., Lotov, K., Martinez Calderon, M., Mazzoni, S., Moon, K., Morales Guzmán, P. I., Moreira, M., Okhotnikov, N., Pakuza, C., Pannell, Fern, Pardons, A., Pepitone, K., Poimenidou, E., Pukhov, A., Rey, S., Rossel, R., Saberi, H., Schmitz, O., Senes, E., Silva, F., Spear, B., Stollberg, C., Sublet, A., Swain, C., Topaloudis, A., Torrado, N., Turner, M., Velotti, F., Verzilov, V., Vieira, J., Welsch, C., Wendt, M., Wing, M., Wolfenden, J., Woolley, B., Xia, G., Yarygova, V., and Zepp, M.

Abstract

Experimental results show that hosing of a long particle bunch in plasma can be induced by wakefields driven by a short, misaligned preceding bunch. Hosing develops in the plane of misalignment, self-modulation in the perpendicular plane, at frequencies close to the plasma electron frequency, and are reproducible. Development of hosing depends on misalignment direction, its growth on misalignment extent and on proton bunch charge. Results have the main characteristics of a theoretical model, are relevant to other plasma-based accelerators and represent the first characterization of hosing.

Published
2024

18. Diversity gradients of terrestrial vertebrates – substantial variations about a common theme

Author

Raz, T., Allison, A., Avila, L. J., Bauer, A. M., Böhm, M., Caetano, G. H. de O., Colli, G., Doan, T. M., Doughty, P., Grismer, L., Itescu, Y., Kraus, F., Martins, M., Morando, M., Murali, G., Nagy, Z. T., Nogueira, C. de C., Novosolov, M., Oliver, P. M., Passos, P., Pincheira-Donoso, D., Sindaco, R., Slavenko, A., Torres-Carvajal, O., Uetz, P., Wagner, P., Zimin, A., Roll, U., Meiri, S., Raz, T., Allison, A., Avila, L. J., Bauer, A. M., Böhm, M., Caetano, G. H. de O., Colli, G., Doan, T. M., Doughty, P., Grismer, L., Itescu, Y., Kraus, F., Martins, M., Morando, M., Murali, G., Nagy, Z. T., Nogueira, C. de C., Novosolov, M., Oliver, P. M., Passos, P., Pincheira-Donoso, D., Sindaco, R., Slavenko, A., Torres-Carvajal, O., Uetz, P., Wagner, P., Zimin, A., Roll, U., and Meiri, S.

Abstract

Environmental factors, such as temperature, precipitation, and elevation, explain most of the variation in species richness at the global scale. Nevertheless, richness patterns may have different drivers across taxa and regions. To date, a comprehensive global examination of how various factors such as climate or topography drive patterns of species richness across all terrestrial vertebrates, using the same methods and predictors, has been lacking. Recent advances in species-distribution data allowed us to model and examine the richness pattern of all terrestrial tetrapods comprehensively. We tested the relationship between environmental and biogeographical variables and richness of amphibians (5983 species), birds (9630), mammals (5004), reptiles (8939), and tetrapods as a whole, globally, and across biogeographical realms. We studied the effects of climatic, ecological, and biogeographic drivers using generalized additive models. Richness patterns and their environmental associations varied among taxa and realms. Overall precipitation was the predominant richness predictor. However, temperature was more important in realms where both cold and warm conditions exist. In the Indomalayan realm, elevational range was very important. Richness patterns of mammals, birds, and amphibians were strongly related to precipitation whereas reptile richness was mostly associated with temperature. Our results support the universal importance of precipitation but also suggest that future global-scaled research should incorporate other relevant variables other than climate, such as elevational range, to gain a better understanding of the richness–environment relationship. By doing so, we can further advance our knowledge of the complex relationships between biodiversity and the environment.

Published
2024

20. Diversity gradients of terrestrial vertebrates – substantial variations about a common theme

Author

Raz, T., primary, Allison, A., additional, Avila, L. J., additional, Bauer, A. M., additional, Böhm, M., additional, Caetano, G. H. de O., additional, Colli, G., additional, Doan, T. M., additional, Doughty, P., additional, Grismer, L., additional, Itescu, Y., additional, Kraus, F., additional, Martins, M., additional, Morando, M., additional, Murali, G., additional, Nagy, Z. T., additional, Nogueira, C. de C., additional, Novosolov, M., additional, Oliver, P. M., additional, Passos, P., additional, Pincheira‐Donoso, D., additional, Sindaco, R., additional, Slavenko, A., additional, Torres‐Carvajal, O., additional, Uetz, P., additional, Wagner, P., additional, Zimin, A., additional, Roll, U., additional, and Meiri, S., additional

Published
2023
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21. Proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration in AWAKE

Author

The AWAKE Collaboration, Gschwendtner, E., Turner, M., Adli, E., Ahuja, A., Apsimon, O., Apsimon, R., Bachmann, A.-M., Batsch, F., Bracco, C., Braunmüller, F., Burger, S., Burt, G., Buttenschön, B., Caldwell, A., Chappell, J., Chevallay, E., Chung, M., Cooke, D., Damerau, H., Deubner, L. H., Dexter, A., Doebert, S., Farmer, J., Fedosseev, V. N., Fiorito, R., Fonseca, R. A., Friebel, F., Garolfi, L., Gessner, S., Goddard, B., Gorgisyan, I., Gorn, A. A., Granados, E., Grulke, O., Hartin, A., Helm, A., Henderson, J. R., Hüther, M., Ibison, M., Jolly, S., Keeble, F., Kelisani, M. D., Kim, S.-Y., Kraus, F., Krupa, M., Lefevre, T., Li, Y., Liu, S., Lopes, N., Lotov, K. V., Martyanov, M., Mazzoni, S., Minakov, V.A., Molendijk, J. C., Moody, J. T., Moreira, M., Muggli, P., Panuganti, H., Pardons, A., Asmus, F. Peña, Perera, A., Petrenko, A., Pukhov, A., Rey, S., Sherwood, P., Silva, L. O., Sosedkin, A. P., Tuev, P. V., Velotti, F., Verra, L., Verzilov, V. A., Vieira, J., Welsch, C. P., Wendt, M., Williamson, B., Wing, M., Woolley, B., and Xia, G.

Published
2019

22. The First Myriapod Genome Sequence Reveals Conservative Arthropod Gene Content and Genome Organisation in the Centipede Strigamia maritima

Author

Chipman, Ariel D, Ferrier, David EK, Brena, Carlo, Qu, Jiaxin, Hughes, Daniel ST, Schröder, Reinhard, Torres-Oliva, Montserrat, Znassi, Nadia, Jiang, Huaiyang, Almeida, Francisca C, Alonso, Claudio R, Apostolou, Zivkos, Aqrawi, Peshtewani, Arthur, Wallace, Barna, Jennifer CJ, Blankenburg, Kerstin P, Brites, Daniela, Capella-Gutiérrez, Salvador, Coyle, Marcus, Dearden, Peter K, Du Pasquier, Louis, Duncan, Elizabeth J, Ebert, Dieter, Eibner, Cornelius, Erikson, Galina, Evans, Peter D, Extavour, Cassandra G, Francisco, Liezl, Gabaldón, Toni, Gillis, William J, Goodwin-Horn, Elizabeth A, Green, Jack E, Griffiths-Jones, Sam, Grimmelikhuijzen, Cornelis JP, Gubbala, Sai, Guigó, Roderic, Han, Yi, Hauser, Frank, Havlak, Paul, Hayden, Luke, Helbing, Sophie, Holder, Michael, Hui, Jerome HL, Hunn, Julia P, Hunnekuhl, Vera S, Jackson, LaRonda, Javaid, Mehwish, Jhangiani, Shalini N, Jiggins, Francis M, Jones, Tamsin E, Kaiser, Tobias S, Kalra, Divya, Kenny, Nathan J, Korchina, Viktoriya, Kovar, Christie L, Kraus, F Bernhard, Lapraz, François, Lee, Sandra L, Lv, Jie, Mandapat, Christigale, Manning, Gerard, Mariotti, Marco, Mata, Robert, Mathew, Tittu, Neumann, Tobias, Newsham, Irene, Ngo, Dinh N, Ninova, Maria, Okwuonu, Geoffrey, Ongeri, Fiona, Palmer, William J, Patil, Shobha, Patraquim, Pedro, Pham, Christopher, Pu, Ling-Ling, Putman, Nicholas H, Rabouille, Catherine, Ramos, Olivia Mendivil, Rhodes, Adelaide C, Robertson, Helen E, Robertson, Hugh M, Ronshaugen, Matthew, Rozas, Julio, Saada, Nehad, Sánchez-Gracia, Alejandro, Scherer, Steven E, Schurko, Andrew M, Siggens, Kenneth W, Simmons, DeNard, Stief, Anna, Stolle, Eckart, Telford, Maximilian J, Tessmar-Raible, Kristin, Thornton, Rebecca, van der Zee, Maurijn, von Haeseler, Arndt, Williams, James M, Willis, Judith H, Wu, Yuanqing, and Zou, Xiaoyan

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genetics, Human Genome, Biotechnology, Prevention, 1.1 Normal biological development and functioning, Underpinning research, Generic health relevance, Animals, Arthropods, Circadian Rhythm Signaling Peptides and Proteins, DNA Methylation, Evolution, Molecular, Female, Genome, Genome, Mitochondrial, Hormones, Male, Multigene Family, Phylogeny, Polymorphism, Genetic, Protein Kinases, RNA, Untranslated, Receptors, Odorant, Selenoproteins, Sex Chromosomes, Synteny, Transcription Factors, Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Developmental Biology, Agricultural, veterinary and food sciences, Biological sciences, Biomedical and clinical sciences
Abstract

Myriapods (e.g., centipedes and millipedes) display a simple homonomous body plan relative to other arthropods. All members of the class are terrestrial, but they attained terrestriality independently of insects. Myriapoda is the only arthropod class not represented by a sequenced genome. We present an analysis of the genome of the centipede Strigamia maritima. It retains a compact genome that has undergone less gene loss and shuffling than previously sequenced arthropods, and many orthologues of genes conserved from the bilaterian ancestor that have been lost in insects. Our analysis locates many genes in conserved macro-synteny contexts, and many small-scale examples of gene clustering. We describe several examples where S. maritima shows different solutions from insects to similar problems. The insect olfactory receptor gene family is absent from S. maritima, and olfaction in air is likely effected by expansion of other receptor gene families. For some genes S. maritima has evolved paralogues to generate coding sequence diversity, where insects use alternate splicing. This is most striking for the Dscam gene, which in Drosophila generates more than 100,000 alternate splice forms, but in S. maritima is encoded by over 100 paralogues. We see an intriguing linkage between the absence of any known photosensory proteins in a blind organism and the additional absence of canonical circadian clock genes. The phylogenetic position of myriapods allows us to identify where in arthropod phylogeny several particular molecular mechanisms and traits emerged. For example, we conclude that juvenile hormone signalling evolved with the emergence of the exoskeleton in the arthropods and that RR-1 containing cuticle proteins evolved in the lineage leading to Mandibulata. We also identify when various gene expansions and losses occurred. The genome of S. maritima offers us a unique glimpse into the ancestral arthropod genome, while also displaying many adaptations to its specific life history.

Published
2014

30. Development of the self-modulation instability of a relativistic proton bunch in plasma

Author

Verra, L., Wyler, S., Nechaeva, T., Pucek, J., Bencini, V., Bergamaschi, M., Ranc, L., Zevi Della Porta, G., Gschwendtner, E., Muggli, P., Agnello, R., Ahdida, C. C., Amoedo, C., Andrebe, Y., Apsimon, O., Apsimon, R., Arnesano, J. M., Blanchard, P., Burrows, P. N., Buttenschoen, B., Caldwell, A., Chung, M., Cooke, D. A., Davut, C., Demeter, G., Dexter, A. C., Doebert, S., Elverson, F. A., Farmer, J., Fasoli, A., Fonseca, R., Furno, I., Gorn, A., Granados, E., Granetzny, M., Graubner, T., Grulke, O., Guran, E., Henderson, J., Kedves, M. a., Kim, S. -y., Kraus, F., Krupa, M., Lefevre, T., Liang, L., Liu, S., Lopes, N., Lotov, K., Calderon, M. Martinez, Mazzoni, S., Moon, K., Morales Guzman, P. I., Moreira, M., Pakuza, C., Pannell, F., Pardons, A., Pepitone, Kevin, Poimendidou, E., Pukhov, A., Ramjiawan, R. L., Rey, S., Rossel, R., Saberi, H., Schmitz, O., Senes, E., Silva, F., Silva, L., Spear, B., Stollberg, C., Sublet, A., Swain, C., Topaloudis, A., Torrado, N., Tuev, P., Turner, M., Velotti, F., Verzilov, V., Vieira, J., Weidl, M., Welsch, C., Wendt, M., Wing, M., Wolfenden, J., Woolley, B., Xia, G., Yarygova, V., Zepp, M., Verra, L., Wyler, S., Nechaeva, T., Pucek, J., Bencini, V., Bergamaschi, M., Ranc, L., Zevi Della Porta, G., Gschwendtner, E., Muggli, P., Agnello, R., Ahdida, C. C., Amoedo, C., Andrebe, Y., Apsimon, O., Apsimon, R., Arnesano, J. M., Blanchard, P., Burrows, P. N., Buttenschoen, B., Caldwell, A., Chung, M., Cooke, D. A., Davut, C., Demeter, G., Dexter, A. C., Doebert, S., Elverson, F. A., Farmer, J., Fasoli, A., Fonseca, R., Furno, I., Gorn, A., Granados, E., Granetzny, M., Graubner, T., Grulke, O., Guran, E., Henderson, J., Kedves, M. a., Kim, S. -y., Kraus, F., Krupa, M., Lefevre, T., Liang, L., Liu, S., Lopes, N., Lotov, K., Calderon, M. Martinez, Mazzoni, S., Moon, K., Morales Guzman, P. I., Moreira, M., Pakuza, C., Pannell, F., Pardons, A., Pepitone, Kevin, Poimendidou, E., Pukhov, A., Ramjiawan, R. L., Rey, S., Rossel, R., Saberi, H., Schmitz, O., Senes, E., Silva, F., Silva, L., Spear, B., Stollberg, C., Sublet, A., Swain, C., Topaloudis, A., Torrado, N., Tuev, P., Turner, M., Velotti, F., Verzilov, V., Vieira, J., Weidl, M., Welsch, C., Wendt, M., Wing, M., Wolfenden, J., Woolley, B., Xia, G., Yarygova, V., and Zepp, M.

Abstract

Self-modulation is a beam-plasma instability that is useful to drive large-amplitude wakefields with bunches much longer than the plasma skin depth. We present experimental results showing that, when increasing the ratio between the initial transverse size of the bunch and the plasma skin depth, the instability occurs later along the bunch, or not at all, over a fixed plasma length because the amplitude of the initial wakefields decreases. We show cases for which self-modulation does not develop, and we introduce a simple model discussing the conditions for which it would not occur after any plasma length. Changing bunch size and plasma electron density also changes the growth rate of the instability. We discuss the impact of these results on the design of a particle accelerator based on the self-modulation instability seeded by a relativistic ionization front, such as the future upgrade of the Advanced WAKefield Experiment.

Published
2023
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31. The hyperfine puzzle of strong-field bound-state QED

Author

Nörtershäuser, W., Ullmann, J., Skripnikov, L. V., Andelkovic, Z., Brandau, C., Dax, A., Geithner, W., Geppert, C., Gorges, C., Hammen, M., Hannen, V., Kaufmann, S., König, K., Kraus, F., Kresse, B., Litvinov, Y. A., Lochmann, M., Maaß, B., Meisner, J., Murböck, T., Privalov, A. F., Sánchez, R., Scheibe, B., Schmidt, M., Schmidt, S., Shabaev, V. M., Steck, M., Stöhlker, T., Thompson, R. C., Trageser, C., Vogel, M., Vollbrecht, J., Volotka, A. V., and Weinheimer, C.

Published
2019
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36. List of Contributors

Author

Ahmad, S.U., primary, Azhakar, R., additional, Baceiredo, A., additional, Baer, S.A., additional, Böttcher, T., additional, Chen, X., additional, Chujo, Y., additional, Cui, C., additional, Ducos, P., additional, Dudziec, B., additional, Dutkiewicz, M., additional, Fogarty, H.A., additional, Franczyk, A., additional, Grübel, M., additional, Hashimoto, H., additional, Heidsieck, S.U.H., additional, Inoue, S., additional, Jana, A., additional, Kato, T., additional, Kawachi, A., additional, Khan, S., additional, Kraus, F., additional, Kroke, E., additional, Kyushin, S., additional, Landais, Y., additional, Lazareva, N.F., additional, Lou, K., additional, Marciniec, B., additional, Michl, J., additional, Mirgalet, R., additional, Muzafarov, A.M., additional, Pietschnig, R., additional, Rieger, B., additional, Ritter, U., additional, Robert, F., additional, Roesky, H.W., additional, Röschenthaler, G.-V., additional, Scheschkewitz, D., additional, Schmidbaur, H., additional, Schmidt, H.-G., additional, Schubert, U., additional, Sen, S.S., additional, Sidorkin, V.F., additional, Tanaka, K., additional, Tanaka, R., additional, Tobita, H., additional, Tretiakov, M., additional, Unno, M., additional, Wang, B., additional, Winkhofer, N., additional, Wu, Y., additional, Żak, P., additional, and Zech, J., additional

Published
2017
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37. Controlled growth of the self-modulation of a relativistic proton bunch in plasma

Author

Verra, L., Zevi Della Porta, G., Pucek, J., Nechaeva, T., Wyler, S., Bergamaschi, M., Senes, E., Guran, E., Moody, J.T., Kedves, M.Á., Gschwendtner, E., Muggli, P., Agnello, R., Ahdida, C.C., Goncalves, M.C.A., Andrebe, Y., Apsimon, O., Apsimon, R., Arnesano, J.M., Bachmann, A.-M., Barrientos, D., Batsch, F., Bencini, V., Blanchard, P., Burrows, P.N., Buttenschön, B., Caldwell, A., Chappell, J., Chevallay, E., Chung, M., Cooke, D.A., Davut, C., Demeter, G., Dexter, A.C., Doebert, S., Elverson, F.A., Farmer, J., Fasoli, A., Fedosseev, V., Fonseca, R., Furno, I., Gorn, A., Granados, E., Granetzny, M., Graubner, T., Grulke, O., Hafych, V., Henderson, J., Hüther, M., Khudiakov, V., Kim, S.-Y., Kraus, F., Krupa, M., Lefevre, T., Liang, L., Liu, S., Lopes, N., Lotov, K., Martinez Calderon, M., Mazzoni, S., Medina Godoy, D., Moon, K., Morales Guzmán, P.I., Moreira, M., Nowak, E., Pakuza, C., Panuganti, H., Pardons, A., Pepitone, K., Perera, A., Pukhov, A., Ramjiawan, R.L., Rey, S., Schmitz, O., Silva, F., Silva, L., Stollberg, C., Sublet, A., Swain, C., Topaloudis, A., Torrado, N., Tuev, P., Velotti, F., Verzilov, V., Vieira, J., Weidl, M., Welsch, C., Wendt, M., Wing, M., Wolfenden, J., Woolley, B., Xia, G., Yarygova, V., Zepp, M., and AWAKE Collaboration

Subjects
Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph), Other Fields of Physics, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Acceleratorfysik och instrumentering, Accelerator Physics and Instrumentation, Accelerators and Storage Rings, Ciências Naturais::Ciências Físicas [Domínio/Área Científica], Fusion, Plasma and Space Physics, Physics - Plasma Physics, Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), Fusion, plasma och rymdfysik, physics.plasm-ph, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Physics - Accelerator Physics, physics.acc-ph
Abstract

A long, narrow, relativistic charged particle bunch propagating in plasma is subject to the self-modulation (SM) instability. We show that SM of a proton bunch can be seeded by the wakefields driven by a preceding electron bunch. SM timing reproducibility and control are at the level of a small fraction of the modulation period. With this seeding method, we independently control the amplitude of the seed wakefields with the charge of the electron bunch and the growth rate of SM with the charge of the proton bunch. Seeding leads to larger growth of the wakefields than in the instability case. A long, narrow, relativistic charged particle bunch propagating in plasma is subject to the self-modulation (SM) instability. We show that SM of a proton bunch can be seeded by the wakefields driven by a preceding electron bunch. SM timing reproducibility and control are at the level of a small fraction of the modulation period. With this seeding method, we independently control the amplitude of the seed wakefields with the charge of the electron bunch and the growth rate of SM with the charge of the proton bunch. Seeding leads to larger growth of the wakefields than in the instability case.

Published
2022

45. Hurwitz Matrix for Polynomial Matrices

Author

Kraus, F. J., Mansour, M., Sebek, M., Hoffmann, K.-H., editor, Mittelmann, D., editor, Bank, R. E., editor, Kawarada, H., editor, LeVeque, R. J., editor, Verdi, C., editor, Todd, J., editor, Jeltsch, Rolf, editor, and Mansour, Mohamed, editor

Published
1996
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47. Analysis of proton bunch parameters in the AWAKE experiment

Author

Hafych, V., additional, Caldwell, A., additional, Agnello, R., additional, Ahdida, C.C., additional, Aladi, M., additional, Amoedo Goncalves, M.C., additional, Andrebe, Y., additional, Apsimon, O., additional, Apsimon, R., additional, Bachmann, A.-M., additional, Baistrukov, M.A., additional, Batsch, F., additional, Bergamaschi, M., additional, Blanchard, P., additional, Burrows, P.N., additional, Buttenschön, B., additional, Chappell, J., additional, Chevallay, E., additional, Chung, M., additional, Cooke, D.A., additional, Damerau, H., additional, Davut, C., additional, Demeter, G., additional, Dexter, A., additional, Doebert, S., additional, Farmer, J., additional, Fasoli, A., additional, Fedosseev, V.N., additional, Fiorito, R., additional, Fonseca, R.A., additional, Furno, I., additional, Gessner, S., additional, Gorn, A.A., additional, Granados, E., additional, Granetzny, M., additional, Graubner, T., additional, Grulke, O., additional, Gschwendtner, E., additional, Guran, E.D., additional, Henderson, J.R., additional, Hüther, M., additional, Kedves, M.Á., additional, Khudyakov, V., additional, Kim, S.-Y., additional, Kraus, F., additional, Krupa, M., additional, Lefevre, T., additional, Liang, L., additional, Lopes, N., additional, Lotov, K.V., additional, Mazzoni, S., additional, Medina Godoy, D., additional, Moody, J.T., additional, Moon, K., additional, Morales Guzmán, P.I., additional, Moreira, M., additional, Nechaeva, T., additional, Nowak, E., additional, Pakuza, C., additional, Panuganti, H., additional, Pardons, A., additional, Perera, A., additional, Pucek, J., additional, Pukhov, A., additional, Ráczkevi, B., additional, Ramjiawan, R.L., additional, Rey, S., additional, Schmitz, O., additional, Senes, E., additional, Silva, L.O., additional, Stollberg, C., additional, Sublet, A., additional, Topaloudis, A., additional, Torrado, N., additional, Tuev, P.V., additional, Turner, M., additional, Velotti, F., additional, Verra, L., additional, Vieira, J., additional, Vincke, H., additional, Welsch, C.P., additional, Wendt, M., additional, Wing, M., additional, Wolfenden, J., additional, Woolley, B., additional, Xia, G., additional, Zepp, M., additional, and Zevi Della Porta, G., additional

Published
2021
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