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1. A Two-Week $IXPE$ Monitoring Campaign on Mrk 421

Author

Maksym, W. Peter, Liodakis, Ioannis, Saade, M. Lynne, Kim, Dawoon E., Middei, Riccardo, Di Gesu, Laura, Kiehlmann, Sebastian, Matzeu, Gabriele, Agudo, Iván, Marscher, Alan P., Ehlert, Steven R., Jorstad, Svetlana G., Kaaret, Philip, Marshall, Herman L., Pacciani, Luigi, Perri, Matteo, Puccetti, Simonetta, Kouch, Pouya M., Lindfors, Elina, Aceituno, Francisco José, Bonnoli, Giacomo, Casanova, Víctor, Escudero, Juan, Agís-González, Beatriz, Husillos, César, Morcuende, Daniel, Otero-Santos, Jorge, Sota, Alfredo, Piirola, Vilppu, Imazawa, Ryo, Sasada, Mahito, Fukazawa, Yasushi, Kawabata, Koji S., Uemura, Makoto, Mizuno, Tsunefumi, Nakaoka, Tatsuya, Akitaya, Hiroshi, McCall, Callum, Jermak, Helen E., Steele, Iain A., Borman, George A., Grishina, Tatiana S., Hagen-Thorn, Vladimir A., Kopatskaya, Evgenia N., Larionova, Elena G., Morozova, Daria A., Savchenko, Sergey S., Shishkina, Ekaterina V., Troitskiy, Ivan S., Troitskaya, Yulia V., Vasilyev, Andrey A., Zhovtan, Alexey V., Myserlis, Ioannis, Gurwell, Mark, Keating, Garrett, Rao, Ramprasad, Pauley, Colt, Angelakis, Emmanouil, Kraus, Alexander, Berdyugin, Andrei V., Kagitani, Masato, Kravtsov, Vadim, Poutanen, Juri, Sakanoi, Takeshi, Kang, Sincheol, Lee, Sang-Sung, Kim, Sang-Hyun, Cheong, Whee Yeon, Jeong, Hyeon-Woo, Song, Chanwoo, Blinov, Dmitry, Shablovinskaya, Elena, Antonelli, Lucio Angelo, Bachetti, Matteo, Baldini, Luca, Baumgartner, Wayne H., Bellazzini, Ronaldo, Bianchi, Stefano, Bongiorno, Stephen D., Bonino, Raffaella, Brez, Alessandro, Bucciantini, Niccoló, Capitanio, Fiamma, Castellano, Simone, Cavazzuti, Elisabetta, Chen, Chien-Ting, Ciprini, Stefano, Costa, Enrico, De Rosa, Alessandra, Del Monte, Ettore, Di Lalla, Niccoló, Di Marco, Alessandro, Donnarumma, Immacolata, Doroshenko, Victor, Dovčiak, Michal, Enoto, Teruaki, Evangelista, Yuri, Fabiani, Sergio, Ferrazzoli, Riccardo, Garcia, Javier A., Gunji, Shuichi, Hayashida, Kiyoshi, Heyl, Jeremy, Iwakiri, Wataru, Karas, Vladimir, Kislat, Fabian, Kitaguchi, Takao, Kolodziejczak, Jeffery J., Krawczynski, Henric, La Monaca, Fabio, Latronico, Luca, Maldera, Simone, Manfreda, Alberto, Marin, Frédéric, Marinucci, Andrea, Massaro, Francesco, Matt, Giorgio, Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki, Muleri, Fabio, Negro, Michela, Ng, C. -Y., O'Dell, Stephen L., Omodei, Nicola, Oppedisano, Chiara, Papitto, Alessandro, Pavlov, George G., Peirson, Abel Lawrence, Pesce-Rollins, Melissa, Petrucci, Pierre-Olivier, Pilia, Maura, Possenti, Andrea, Ramsey, Brian D., Rankin, John, Ratheesh, Ajay, Roberts, Oliver J., Romani, Roger W., Sgró, Carmelo, Slane, Patrick, Soffitta, Paolo, Spandre, Gloria, Swartz, Douglas A., Tamagawa, Toru, Tavecchio, Fabrizio, Taverna, Roberto, Tawara, Yuzuru, Tennant, Allyn F., Thomas, Nicholas E., Tombesi, Francesco, Trois, Alessio, Tsygankov, Sergey S., Turolla, Roberto, Vink, Jacco, Weisskopf, Martin C., Wu, Kinwah, Xie, Fei, and Zane, Silvia

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

X-ray polarization is a unique new probe of the particle acceleration in astrophysical jets made possible through the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer. Here we report on the first dense X-ray polarization monitoring campaign on the blazar Mrk 421. Our observations were accompanied by an even denser radio and optical polarization campaign. We find significant short-timescale variability in both X-ray polarization degree and angle, including a $\sim90^\circ$ angle rotation about the jet axis. We attribute this to random variations of the magnetic field, consistent with the presence of turbulence but also unlikely to be explained by turbulence alone. At the same time, the degree of lower-energy polarization is significantly lower and shows no more than mild variability. Our campaign provides further evidence for a scenario in which energy-stratified shock-acceleration of relativistic electrons, combined with a turbulent magnetic field, is responsible for optical to X-ray synchrotron emission in blazar jets., Comment: 23 pages, including 8 pages of appendices. 12 figures, 3 tables. Submitted to ApJ

Published
2024

2. X-ray and multiwavelength polarization of Mrk 501 from 2022 to 2023

Author

Chen, Chien-Ting J., Liodakis, Ioannis, Middei, Riccardo, Kim, Dawoon E., Di Gesu, Laura, Di Marco, Alessandro, Ehlert, Steven R., Errando, Manel, Negro, Michela, Jorstad, Svetlana G., Marscher, Alan P., Wu, Kinwah, Agudo, Iván, Poutanen, Juri, Mizuno, Tsunefumi, Kouch, Pouya M., Lindfors, Elina, Borman, George A., Grishina, Tatiana S., Kopatskaya, Evgenia N., Larionova, Elena G., Morozova, Daria A., Savchenko, Sergey S., Troitsky, Ivan S., Troitskaya, Yulia V., Vasilyev, Andrey A., Zhovtan, Alexey V., Aceituno, Francisco José, Bonnoli, Giacomo, Casanova, Víctor, Escudero, Juan, Agís-González, Beatriz, Husillos, César, Santos, Jorge Otero, Sota, Alfredo, Piirola, Vilppu, Myserlis, Ioannis, Angelakis, Emmanouil, Kraus, Alexander, Gurwell, Mark, Keating, Garrett, Rao, Ramprasad, Kang, Sincheol, Lee, Sang-Sung, Kim, Sang-Hyun, Cheong, Whee Yeon, Jeong, Hyeon-Woo, Song, Chanwoo, Berdyugin, Andrei V., Kagitani, Masato, Kravtsov, Vadim, Nitindala, Anagha P., Sakanoi, Takeshi, Imazawa, Ryo, Sasada, Mahito, Fukazawa, Yasushi, Kawabata, Koji S., Uemura, Makoto, Nakaoka, Tatsuya, Akitaya, Hiroshi, Casadio, Carolina, Sievers, Albrecht, Antonelli, Lucio Angelo, Bachetti, Matteo, Baldini, Luca, Baumgartner, Wayne H., Bellazzini, Ronaldo, Bianchi, Stefano, Bongiorno, Stephen D., Bonino, Raffaella, Brez, Alessandro, Bucciantini, Niccoló, Capitanio, Fiamma, Castellano, Simone, Cavazzuti, Elisabetta, Ciprini, Stefano, Costa, Enrico, De Rosa, Alessandra, Del Monte, Ettore, Di Lalla, Niccoló, Donnarumma, Immacolata, Doroshenko, Victor, Dovčiak, Michal, Enoto, Teruaki, Evangelista, Yuri, Fabiani, Sergio, Ferrazzoli, Riccardo, Garcia, Javier A., Gunji, Shuichi, Hayashida, Kiyoshi, Heyl, Jeremy, Iwakiri, Wataru, Kaaret, Philip, Karas, Vladimir, Kislat, Fabian, Kitaguchi, Takao, Kolodziejczak, Jeffery J., Krawczynski, Henric, La Monaca, Fabio, Latronico, Luca, Maldera, Simone, Manfreda, Alberto, Marin, Frédéric, Marinucci, Andrea, Marshall, Herman L., Massaro, Francesco, Matt, Giorgio, Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki, Muleri, Fabio, Ng, C. -Y., O'Dell, Stephen L., Omodei, Nicola, Oppedisano, Chiara, Papitto, Alessandro, Pavlov, George G., Peirson, Abel Lawrence, Perri, Matteo, Pesce-Rollins, Melissa, Petrucci, Pierre-Olivier, Pilia, Maura, Possenti, Andrea, Puccetti, Simonetta, Ramsey, Brian D., Rankin, John, Ratheesh, Ajay, Roberts, Oliver J., Romani, Roger W., Sgró, Carmelo, Slane, Patrick, Soffitta, Paolo, Spandre, Gloria, Swartz, Douglas A., Tamagawa, Toru, Tavecchio, Fabrizio, Taverna, Roberto, Tawara, Yuzuru, Tennant, Allyn F., Thomas, Nicholas E., Tombesi, Francesco, Trois, Alessio, Tsygankov, Sergey S., Turolla, Roberto, Vink, Jacco, Weisskopf, Martin C., Xie, Fei, and Zane, Silvia

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

We present multiwavelength polarization measurements of the luminous blazar Mrk~501 over a 14-month period. The 2--8 keV X-ray polarization was measured with the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) with six 100-ks observations spanning from 2022 March to 2023 April. Each IXPE observation was accompanied by simultaneous X-ray data from NuSTAR, Swift/XRT, and/or XMM-Newton. Complementary optical-infrared polarization measurements were also available in the B, V, R, I, and J bands, as were radio polarization measurements from 4.85 GHz to 225.5 GHz. Among the first five IXPE observations, we did not find significant variability in the X-ray polarization degree and angle with IXPE. However, the most recent sixth observation found an elevated polarization degree at $>3\sigma$ above the average of the other five observations. The optical and radio measurements show no apparent correlations with the X-ray polarization properties. Throughout the six IXPE observations, the X-ray polarization degree remained higher than, or similar to, the R-band optical polarization degree, which remained higher than the radio value. This is consistent with the energy-stratified shock scenario proposed to explain the first two IXPE observations, in which the polarized X-ray, optical, and radio emission arises from different regions., Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ

Published
2024

3. IXPE observation of PKS 2155-304 reveals the most highly polarized blazar

Author

Kouch, Pouya M., Liodakis, Ioannis, Middei, Riccardo, Kim, Dawoon E., Tavecchio, Fabrizio, Marscher, Alan P., Marshall, Herman L., Ehlert, Steven R., Di Gesu, Laura, Jorstad, Svetlana G., Agudo, Iván, Madejski, Grzegorz M., Romani, Roger W., Errando, Manel, Lindfors, Elina, Nilsson, Kari, Toppari, Ella, Potter, Stephen B., Imazawa, Ryo, Sasada, Mahito, Fukazawa, Yasushi, Kawabata, Koji S., Uemura, Makoto, Mizuno, Tsunefumi, Nakaoka, Tatsuya, Akitaya, Hiroshi, McCall, Callum, Jermak, Helen E., Steele, Iain A., Myserlis, Ioannis, Gurwell, Mark, Keating, Garrett K., Rao, Ramprasad, Kang, Sincheol, Lee, Sang-Sung, Kim, Sang-Hyun, Cheong, Whee Yeon, Jeong, Hyeon-Woo, Angelakis, Emmanouil, Kraus, Alexander, Aceituno, Francisco José, Bonnoli, Giacomo, Casanova, Víctor, Escudero, Juan, Agís-González, Beatriz, Husillos, César, Morcuende, Daniel, Otero-Santos, Jorge, Sota, Alfredo, Bachev, Rumen, Antonelli, Lucio Angelo, Bachetti, Matteo, Baldini, Luca, Baumgartner, Wayne H., Bellazzini, Ronaldo, Bianchi, Stefano, Bongiorno, Stephen D., Bonino, Raffaella, Brez, Alessandro, Bucciantini, Niccolò, Capitanio, Fiamma, Castellano, Simone, Cavazzuti, Elisabetta, Chen, Chien-Ting, Ciprini, Stefano, Costa, Enrico, De Rosa, Alessandra, Del Monte, Ettore, Di Lalla, Niccolò, Di Marco, Alessandro, Donnarumma, Immacolata, Doroshenko, Victor, Dovčiak, Michal, Enoto, Teruaki, Evangelista, Yuri, Fabiani, Sergio, Ferrazzoli, Riccardo, Garcia, Javier A., Gunji, Shuichi, Hayashida, Kiyoshi, Heyl, Jeremy, Iwakiri, Wataru, Kaaret, Philip, Karas, Vladimir, Kislat, Fabian, Kitaguchi, Takao, Kolodziejczak, Jeffery J., Krawczynski, Henric, La Monaca, Fabio, Latronico, Luca, Maldera, Simone, Manfreda, Alberto, Marin, Frédéric, Marinucci, Andrea, Massaro, Francesco, Matt, Giorgio, Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki, Muleri, Fabio, Negro, Michela, Ng, C. -Y., O'Dell, Stephen L., Omodei, Nicola, Oppedisano, Chiara, Papitto, Alessandro, Pavlov, George G., Peirson, Abel Lawrence, Perri, Matteo, Pesce-Rollins, Melissa, Petrucci, Pierre-Olivier, Pilia, Maura, Possenti, Andrea, Poutanen, Juri, Puccetti, Simonetta, Ramsey, Brian D., Rankin, John, Ratheesh, Ajay, Roberts, Oliver J., Sgrò, Carmelo, Slane, Patrick, Soffitta, Paolo, Spandre, Gloria, Swartz, Douglas A., Tamagawa, Toru, Taverna, Roberto, Tawara, Yuzuru, Tennant, Allyn F., Thomas, Nicholas E., Tombesi, Francesco, Trois, Alessio, Tsygankov, Sergey S., Turolla, Roberto, Vink, Jacco, Weisskopf, Martin C., Wu, Kinwah, Xie, Fei, and Zane, Silvia

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We report the X-ray polarization properties of the high-synchrotron-peaked (HSP) blazar PKS 2155$-$304 based on observations with the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE). We observed the source between Oct 27 and Nov 7, 2023. We also conducted an extensive contemporaneous multiwavelength (MW) campaign. We find that during the first half ($T_1$) of the IXPE pointing, the source exhibited the highest X-ray polarization degree detected for an HSP blazar thus far, (30.7$\pm$2.0)%, which dropped to (15.3$\pm$2.1)% during the second half ($T_2$). The X-ray polarization angle remained stable during the IXPE pointing at 129.4$^\circ$$\pm$1.8$^\circ$ and 125.4$^\circ$$\pm$3.9$^\circ$ during $T_1$ and $T_2$, respectively. Meanwhile, the optical polarization degree remained stable during the IXPE pointing, with average host-galaxy-corrected values of (4.3$\pm$0.7)% and (3.8$\pm$0.9)% during the $T_1$ and $T_2$, respectively. During the IXPE pointing, the optical polarization angle changed achromatically from $\sim$140$^\circ$ to $\sim$90$^\circ$ and back to $\sim$130$^\circ$. Despite several attempts, we only detected (99.7% conf.) the radio polarization once (during $T_2$, at 225.5 GHz): with degree (1.7$\pm$0.4)% and angle 112.5$^\circ$$\pm$5.5$^\circ$. The direction of the broad pc-scale jet is rather ambiguous and has been found to point to the east and south at different epochs; however, on larger scales (> 1.5 pc) the jet points toward the southeast ($\sim$135$^\circ$), similar to all of the MW polarization angles. Moreover, the X-ray to optical polarization degree ratios of $\sim$7 and $\sim$4 during $T_1$ and $T_2$, respectively, are similar to previous IXPE results for several HSP blazars. These findings, combined with the lack of correlation of temporal variability between the MW polarization properties, agree with an energy-stratified shock-acceleration scenario in HSP blazars., Comment: 17 pages, 10 figures, 4 tables, Accepted for publication in A&A

Published
2024
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4. Tracking the X-ray Polarization of the Black Hole Transient Swift J1727.8-1613 during a State Transition

Author

Ingram, Adam, Bollemeijer, Niek, Veledina, Alexandra, Dovciak, Michal, Poutanen, Juri, Egron, Elise, Russell, Thomas D., Trushkin, Sergei A., Negro, Michela, Ratheesh, Ajay, Capitanio, Fiamma, Connors, Riley, Neilsen, Joseph, Kraus, Alexander, Iacolina, Maria Noemi, Pellizzoni, Alberto, Pilia, Maura, Carotenuto, Francesco, Matt, Giorgio, Mastroserio, Guglielmo, Kaaret, Philip, Bianchi, Stefano, Garcia, Javier A., Bachetti, Matteo, Wu, Kinwah, Costa, Enrico, Ewing, Melissa, Kravtsov, Vadim, Krawczynski, Henric, Loktev, Vladislav, Marinucci, Andrea, Marra, Lorenzo, Mikusincova, Romana, Nathan, Edward, Parra, Maxime, Petrucci, Pierre-Olivier, Righini, Simona, Soffitta, Paolo, Steiner, James F., Svoboda, Jiri, Tombesi, Francesco, Tugliani, Stefano, Ursini, Francesco, Yang, Yi-Jung, Zane, Silvia, Zhang, Wenda, Agudo, Ivan, Antonelli, Lucio A., Baldini, Luca, Baumgartner, Wayne H., Bellazzini, Ronaldo, Bongiorno, Stephen D., Bonino, Raffaella, Brez, Alessandro, Bucciantini, Niccolo, Castellano, Simone, Cavazzuti, Elisabetta, Chen, Chien-Ting, Ciprini, Stefano, De Rosa, Alessandra, Del Monte, Ettore, Di Gesu, Laura, Di Lalla, Niccolo, Di Marco, Alessandro, Donnarumma, Immacolata, Doroshenko, Victor, Ehlert, Steven R., Enoto, Teruaki, Evangelista, Yuri, Fabiani, Sergio, Ferrazzoli, Riccardo, Gunji, Shuichi, Hayashida, Kiyoshi, Heyl, Jeremy, Iwakiri, Wataru, Jorstad, Svetlana G., Karas, Vladimir, Kislat, Fabian, Kitaguchi, Takao, Kolodziejczak, Jeffery J., La Monaca, Fabio, Latronico, Luca, Liodakis, Ioannis, Maldera, Simone, Manfreda, Alberto, Marin, Frederic, Marscher, Alan P., Marshall, Herman L., Massaro, Francesco, Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki, Mizuno, Tsunefumi, Muleri, Fabio, Ng, Chi-Yung, O'Dell, Stephen L., Omodei, Nicola, Oppedisano, Chiara, Papitto, Alessandro, Pavlov, George G., Peirson, Abel L., Perri, Matteo, Pesce-Rollins, Melissa, Possenti, Andrea, Puccetti, Simonetta, Ramsey, Brian D., Rankin, John, Roberts, Oliver J., Romani, Roger W., Sgro, Carmelo, Slane, Patrick, Spandre, Gloria, Swartz, Douglas A., Tamagawa, Toru, Tavecchio, Fabrizio, Taverna, Roberto, Tawara, Yuzuru, Tennant, Allyn F., Thomas, Nicholas E., Trois, Alessio, Tsygankov, Sergey S., Turolla, Roberto, Vink, Jacco, Weisskopf, Martin C., and Xie, Fei

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We report on an observational campaign on the bright black hole X-ray binary Swift J1727.8$-$1613 centered around five observations by the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE). These observations track for the first time the evolution of the X-ray polarization of a black hole X-ray binary across a hard to soft state transition. The 2--8 keV polarization degree decreased from $\sim$4\% to $\sim$3\% across the five observations, but the polarization angle remained oriented in the North-South direction throughout. Based on observations with the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA), we find that the intrinsic 7.25 GHz radio polarization aligns with the X-ray polarization. Assuming the radio polarization aligns with the jet direction (which can be tested in the future with higher spatial resolution images of the jet), our results imply that the X-ray corona is extended in the disk plane, rather than along the jet axis, for the entire hard intermediate state. This in turn implies that the long ($\gtrsim$10 ms) soft lags that we measure with the Neutron star Interior Composition ExploreR (NICER) are dominated by processes other than pure light-crossing delays. Moreover, we find that the evolution of the soft lag amplitude with spectral state does not follow the trend seen for other sources, implying that Swift J1727.8$-$1613 is a member of a hitherto under-sampled sub-population., Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ. 21 pages, 8 figures

Published
2023

5. Magnetic Field Properties inside the Jet of Mrk 421: Multiwavelength Polarimetry Including the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer

Author

Kim, Dawoon E., Di Gesu, Laura, Liodakis, Ioannis, Marscher, Alan P., Jorstad, Svetlana G., Midde, Riccardo, Marshall, Herman L., Pacciani, Luigi, Agudo, Iván, Tavecchio, Fabrizio, Cibrario, Nicolò, Tugliani, Stefano, Bonino, Raffaella, Negro, Michela, Puccetti, Simonetta, Tombesi, Francesco, Costa, Enrico, Donnarumma, Immacolata, Soffitta, Paolo, Mizuno, Tsunefumi, Fukazawa, Yasushi, Kawabata, Koji S., Nakaoka, Tatsuya, Uemura, Makoto, Imazawa, Ryo, Sasada, Mahito, Akitaya, Hiroshi, Aceituno, Francisco Josè, Bonnoli, Giacomo, Casanova, Vìctor, Myserlis, Ioannis, Sievers, Albrecht, Angelakis, Emmanouil, Kraus, Alexander, Cheong, Whee Yeon, Jeong, Hyeon-Woo, Kang, Sincheol, Kim, Sang-Hyun, Lee, Sang-Sung, Agìs-Gonzàlez, Beatriz, Sota, Alfredo, Escudero, Juan, Gurwell, Mark, Keating, Garrett K., Rao, Ramprasad, Kouch, Pouya M., Lindfors, Elina, Bourbah, Ioakeim G., Kiehlmann, Sebastian, Kontopodis, Evangelos, Mandarakas, Nikos, Romanopoulos, Stylianos, Skalidis, Raphael, Vervelaki, Anna, Savchenko, Sergey S., Antonelli, Lucio A., Bachetti, Matteo, Baldini, Luca, Baumgartner, Wayne H., Bellazzini, Ronaldo, Bianchi, Stefano, Bongiorno, Stephen D., Brez, Alessandro, Bucciantini, Niccolò, Capitanio, Fiamma, Castellano, Simone, Cavazzuti, Elisabetta, Chen, Chien-Ting, Ciprini, Stefano, De Rosa, Alessandra, Del Monte, Ettore, Di Lalla, Niccolò, Di Marco, Alessandro, Doroshenko, Victor, Dovčiak, Michal, Ehlert, Steven R., Enoto, Teruaki, Evangelista, Yuri, Fabiani, Sergio, Ferrazzoli, Riccardo, Garcia, Javier A., Gunji, Shuichi, Hayashida, Kiyoshi, Heyl, Jeremy, Iwakiri, Wataru, Kaaret, Philip, Karas, Vladimir, Kislat, Fabian, Kitaguchi, Takao, Kolodziejczak, Jeffery J., Krawczynski, Henric, La Monaca, Fabio, Latronico, Luca, Maldera, Simone, Manfreda, Alberto, Marin, Frédéric, Marinucci, Andrea, Massaro, Francesco, Matt, Giorgio, Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki, Muleri, Fabio, Ng, C. -Y., O'Dell, Stephen L., Omodei, Nicola, Oppedisano, Chiara, Papitto, Alessandro, Pavlov, George G., Peirson, Abel L., Perri, Matteo, Pesce-Rollins, Melissa, Petrucci, Pierre-Olivier, Pilia, Maura, Possenti, Andrea, Poutanen, Juri, Ramsey, Brian D., Rankin, John, Ratheesh, Ajay, Roberts, Oliver, Romani, Roger W., Sgrò, Carmelo, Slane, Patrick, Spandre, Gloria, Swartz, Doug, Tamagawa, Toru, Taverna, Roberto, Tawara, Yuzuru, Tennant, Allyn F., Thomas, Nicholas E., Trois, Alessio, Tsygankov, Sergey S., Turolla, Roberto, Vink, Jacco, Weisskopf, Martin C., Wu, Kinwah, Xie, Fei, and Zane, Silvia

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We conducted a polarimetry campaign from radio to X-ray wavelengths of the high-synchrotron-peak (HSP) blazar Mrk 421, including Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) measurements on 2022 December 6-8. We detected X-ray polarization of Mrk 421 with a degree of $\Pi_{\rm X}$=14$\pm$1$\%$ and an electric-vector position angle $\psi_{\rm X}$=107$\pm$3$^{\circ}$ in the 2-8 keV band. From the time variability analysis, we find a significant episodic variation in $\psi_{\rm X}$. During 7 months from the first IXPE pointing of Mrk 421 in 2022 May, $\psi_{\rm X}$ varied across the range of 0$^{\circ}$ to 180$^{\circ}$, while $\Pi_{\rm X}$ maintained similar values within $\sim$10-15$\%$. Furthermore, a swing in $\psi_{\rm X}$ in 2022 June was accompanied by simultaneous spectral variations. The results of the multiwavelength polarimetry show that the X-ray polarization degree was generally $\sim$2-3 times greater than that at longer wavelengths, while the polarization angle fluctuated. Additionally, based on radio, infrared, and optical polarimetry, we find that rotation of $\psi$ occurred in the opposite direction with respect to the rotation of $\psi_{\rm X}$ over longer timescales at similar epochs. The polarization behavior observed across multiple wavelengths is consistent with previous IXPE findings for HSP blazars. This result favors the energy-stratified shock model developed to explain variable emission in relativistic jets. The accompanying spectral variation during the $\psi_{\rm X}$ rotation can be explained by a fluctuation in the physical conditions, e.g., in the energy distribution of relativistic electrons. The opposite rotation direction of $\psi$ between the X-ray and longer-wavelength polarization accentuates the conclusion that the X-ray emitting region is spatially separated from that at longer wavelengths., Comment: 17 pages, 13 figures, 4 tables; Accepted for publication in A&A

Published
2023
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6. X-ray Polarization of the BL Lac Type Blazar 1ES 0229+200

Author

Ehlert, Steven R., Liodakis, Ioannis, Middei, Riccardo, Marscher, Alan P., Tavecchio, Fabrizio, Agudo, Iván, Kouch, Pouya M., Lindfors, Elina, Nilsson, Kari, Myserlis, Ioannis, Gurwell, Mark, Rao, Ramprasad, Aceituno, Francisco Jose, Bonnoli, Giacomo, Casanova, Victor, Agiz-Gonzalez, Beatriz, Escudero, Juan, Santos, Jorge Otero, Sota, Alfredo, Angelakis, Emmanouil, Kraus, Alexander, Keating, Garrett K., Antonelli, Lucio A., Bachetti, Matteo, Baldini, Luca, Baumgartner, Wayne H., Bellazzini, Ronaldo, Bianchi, Stefano, Bongiorno, Stephen D., Bonino, Raffaella, Brez, Alessandro, Bucciantini, Niccolò, Capitanio, Fiamma, Castellano, Simone, Cavazzuti, Elisabetta, Chen, Chien-Ting, Ciprini, Stefano, Costa, Enrico, De Rosa, Alessandra, Del Monte, Ettore, Di Gesu, Laura, Di Lalla, Niccolò, Di Marco, Alessandro, Donnarumma, Immacolata, Doroshenko, Victor, Dovčiak, Michal, Enoto, Teruaki, Evangelista, Yuri, Fabiani, Sergio, Ferrazzoli, Riccardo, Garcia, Javier A., Gunji, Shuichi, Hayashida, Kiyoshi, Heyl, Jeremy, Iwakiri, Wataru, Jorstad, Svetlana G., Kaaret, Philip, Karas, Vladimir, Kislat, Fabian, Kitaguchi, Takao, Kolodziejczak, Jeffery J., Krawczynski, Henric, La Monaca, Fabio, Latronico, Luca, Maldera, Simone, Manfreda, Alberto, Marin, Frédéric, Marinucci, Andrea, Marshall, Herman L., Massaro, Francesco, Matt, Giorgio, Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki, Mizuno, Tsunefumi, Muleri, Fabio, Negro, Michela, Ng, C. -Y., O'Dell, Stephen L., Omodei, Nicola, Oppedisano, Chiara, Papitto, Alessandro, Pavlov, George G., Peirson, Abel L., Perri, Matteo, Pesce-Rollins, Melissa, Petrucci, Pierre-Olivier, Pilia, Maura, Possenti, Andrea, Poutanen, Juri, Puccetti, Simonetta, Ramsey, Brian D., Rankin, John, Ratheesh, Ajay, Roberts, Oliver J., Romani, Roger W., Sgro, Carmelo, Slane, Patrick, Soffitta, Paolo, Spandre, Gloria, Swartz, Douglas A., Tamagawa, Toru, Taverna, Roberto, Tawara, Yuzuru, Tennant, Allyn F., Thomas, Nicholas E., Tombesi, Francesco, Trois, Alessio, Tsygankov, Sergey S., Turolla, Roberto, Vink, Jacco, Weisskopf, Martin C., Wu, Kinwah, Xie, Fei, and Zane, Silvia

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We present polarization measurements in the $2-8 \thinspace \mathrm{keV}$ band from blazar 1ES 0229+200, the first extreme high synchrotron peaked source to be observed by the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE). Combining two exposures separated by about two weeks, we find the degree of polarization to be $\Pi_{X} = 17.9 \pm 2.8 \%$ at an electric-vector position angle $\psi_X = 25.0 \pm 4.6^{\circ}$ using a spectropolarimetric fit from joint IXPE and XMM-Newton observations. There is no evidence for the polarization degree or angle varying significantly with energy or time on both short time scales (hours) or longer time scales (days). The contemporaneous polarization degree at optical wavelengths was $>$7$\times$ lower, making 1ES 0229+200 the most strongly chromatic blazar yet observed. This high X-ray polarization compared to the optical provides further support that X-ray emission in high-peaked blazars originates in shock-accelerated, energy-stratified electron populations, but is in tension with many recent modeling efforts attempting to reproduce the spectral energy distribution of 1ES 0229+200 which attribute the extremely high energy synchrotron and Compton peaks to Fermi acceleration in the vicinity of strongly turbulent magnetic fields., Comment: 17 Pages, 6 Figures, Resubmitted to ApJ after addressing referee comments

Published
2023

7. IXPE and multi-wavelength observations of blazar PG 1553+113 reveal an orphan optical polarization swing

Author

Middei, Riccardo, Perri, Matteo, Puccetti, Simonetta, Liodakis, Ioannis, Di Gesu, Laura, Marscher, Alan P., Cavero, Nicole Rodriguez, Tavecchio, Fabrizio, Donnarumma, Immacolata, Laurenti, Marco, Jorstad, Svetlana G., Agudo, Iván, Marshall, Herman L., Pacciani, Luigi, Kim, Dawoon E., Aceituno, Francisco José, Bonnoli, Giacomo, Casanova, Víctor, Agís-González, Beatriz, Sota, Alfredo, Casadio, Carolina, Escudero, Juan, Myserlis, Ioannis, Sievers, Albrecht, Kouch, Pouya M., Lindfors, Elina, Gurwell, Mark, Keating, Garrett K., Rao, Ramprasad, Kang, Sincheol, Lee, Sang-Sung, Kim, Sang-Hyun, Cheong, Whee Yeon, Jeong, Hyeon-Woo, Angelakis, Emmanouil, Kraus, Alexander, Antonelli, Lucio A., Bachetti, Matteo, Baldini, Luca, Baumgartner, Wayne H., Bellazzini, Ronaldo, Bianchi, Stefano, Bongiorno, Stephen D., Bonino, Raffaella, Brez, Alessandro, Bucciantini, Niccolò, Capitanio, Fiamma, Castellano, Simone, Cavazzuti, Elisabetta, Chen, Chien-Ting, Ciprini, Stefano, Costa, Enrico, De Rosa, Alessandra, Del Monte, Ettore, Di Lalla, Niccolò, Di Marco, Alessandro, Doroshenko, Victor, Dovčiak, Michal, Ehlert, Steven R., Enoto, Teruaki, Evangelista, Yuri, Fabiani, Sergio, Ferrazzoli, Riccardo, García, Javier A., Gunji, Shuichi, Hayashida, Kiyoshi, Heyl, Jeremy, Iwakiri, Wataru, Kaaret, Philip, Karas, Vladimir, Kislat, Fabian, Kitaguchi, Takao, Kolodziejczak, Jeffery J., Krawczynski, Henric, La Monaca, Fabio, Latronico, Luca, Maldera, Simone, Manfreda, Alberto, Marin, Frédéric, Marinucci, Andrea, Massaro, Francesco, Matt, Giorgio, Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki, Mizuno, Tsunefumi, Muleri, Fabio, Negro, Michela, Ng, Chi-Yung, O'Dell, Stephen L., Omodei, Nicola, Oppedisano, Chiara, Papitto, Alessandro, Pavlov, George G., Peirson, Abel L., Pesce-Rollins, Melissa, Petrucci, Pierre-Olivier, Pilia, Maura, Possenti, Andrea, Poutanen, Juri, Ramsey, Brian D., Rankin, John, Ratheesh, Ajay, Roberts, Oliver J., Romani, Roger W., Sgrò, Carmelo, Slane, Patrick, Soffitta, Paolo, Spandre, Gloria, Swartz, Douglas A., Tamagawa, Toru, Taverna, Roberto, Tawara, Yuzuru, Tennant, Allyn F., Thomas, Nicholas E., Tombesi, Francesco, Trois, Alessio, Tsygankov, Sergey S., Turolla, Roberto, Vink, Jacco, Weisskopf, Martin C., Wu, Kinwah, Xie, Fei, and Zane, Silvia

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

The lower energy peak of the spectral energy distribution of blazars has commonly been ascribed to synchrotron radiation from relativistic particles in the jets. Despite the consensus regarding jet emission processes, the particle acceleration mechanism is still debated. Here, we present the first X-ray polarization observations of PG 1553+113, a high-synchrotron-peak blazar observed by the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE). We detect an X-ray polarization degree of $(10\pm2)\%$ along an electric-vector position angle of $\psi_X=86^{\circ}\pm8^{\circ}$. At the same time, the radio and optical polarization degrees are lower by a factor of $\sim$3. During our IXPE pointing, we observed the first orphan optical polarization swing of the IXPE era, as the optical angle of PG 1553+113 underwent a smooth monotonic rotation by about 125$^\circ$, with a rate of $\sim$17 degrees per day. We do not find evidence of a similar rotation in either radio or X-rays, which suggests that the X-ray and optically emitting regions are separate or, at most, partially co-spatial. Our spectro-polarimetric results provide further evidence that the steady-state X-ray emission in blazars originates in a shock-accelerated and energy-stratified electron population., Comment: Accepted for pubblication in The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 3 Figures, 13 pages

Published
2023

10. X-ray Polarization of BL Lacertae in Outburst

Author

Peirson, Abel L., Negro, Michela, Liodakis, Ioannis, Middei, Riccardo, Kim, Dawoon E., Marscher, Alan P., Marshall, Herman L., Pacciani, Luigi, Romani, Roger W., Wu, Kinwah, Di Marco, Alessandro, Di Lalla, Niccolo, Omodei, Nicola, Jorstad, Svetlana G., Agudo, Ivan, Kouch, Pouya M., Lindfors, Elina, Aceituno, Francisco Jose, Bernardos, Maria I., Bonnoli, Giacomo, Casanova, Victor, Garcia-Comas, Maya, Agis-Gonzalez, Beatriz, Husillos, Cesar, Marchini, Alessandro, Sota, Alfredo, Casadio, Carolina, Escudero, Juan, Myserlis, Ioannis, Sievers, Albrecht, Gurwell, Mark, Rao, Ramprasad, Imazawa, Ryo, Sasada, Mahito, Fukazawa, Yasushi, Kawabata, Koji S., Uemura, Makoto, Mizuno, Tsunefumi, Nakaoka, Tatsuya, Akitaya, Hiroshi, Cheong, Whee Yeon, Jeong, Hyeon-Woo, Kang, Sincheol, Kim, Sang-Hyun, Lee, Sang-Sung, Angelakis, Emmanouil, Kraus, Alexander, Cibrario, Nicolo, Donnarumma, Immacolata, Poutanen, Juri, Tavecchio, Fabrizio, Antonelli, Lucio A., Bachetti, Matteo, Baldini, Luca, Baumgartner, Wayne H., Bellazzini, Ronaldo, Bianchi, Stefano, Bongiorno, Stephen D., Bonino, Raffaella, Brez, Alessandro, Bucciantini, Niccolo, Capitanio, Fiamma, Castellano, Simone, Cavazzuti, Elisabetta, Chen, Chien-Ting, Ciprini, Stefano, Costa, Enrico, De Rosa, Alessandra, Del Monte, Ettore, Di Gesu, Laura, Doroshenko, Victor, Dovciak, Michal, Ehlert, Steven R., Enoto, Teruaki, Evangelista, Yuri, Fabiani, Sergio, Ferrazzoli, Riccardo, Garcia, Javier A., Gunji, Shuichi, Hayashida, Kiyoshi, Heyl, Jeremy, Iwakiri, Wataru, Kaaret, Philip, Karas, Vladimir, Kitaguchi, Takao, Kolodziejczak, Jeffery J., Krawczynski, Henric, La Monaca, Fabio, Latronico, Luca, Madejski, Grzegorz, Maldera, Simone, Manfreda, Alberto, Marin, Frederic, Marinucci, Andrea, Massaro, Francesco, Matt, Giorgio, Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki, Muleri, Fabio, Ng, C. -Y., O'Dell, Stephen L., Oppedisano, Chiara, Papitto, Alessandro, Pavlov, George G., Perri, Matteo, Pesce-Rollins, Melissa, Petrucci, Pierre-Olivier, Pilia, Maura, Possenti, Andrea, Puccetti, Simonetta, Ramsey, Brian D., Rankin, John, Ratheesh, Ajay, Roberts, Oliver J., Sgro, Carmelo, Slane, Patrick, Soffitta, Paolo, Spandre, Gloria, Swartz, Douglas A., Tamagawa, Toru, Taverna, Roberto, Tawara, Yuzuru, Tennant, Allyn F., Thomas, Nicholas E., Tombesi, Francesco, Trois, Alessio, Tsygankov, Sergey, Turolla, Roberto, Vink, Jacco, Weisskopf, Martin C., Xie, Fei, and Zane, Silvia

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

We report the first $> 99\%$ confidence detection of X-ray polarization in BL Lacertae. During a recent X-ray/$\gamma$-ray outburst, a 287 ksec observation (2022 November 27-30) was taken using the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer ({\it IXPE}), together with contemporaneous multiwavelength observations from the Neil Gehrels {\it Swift} observatory and {\it XMM-Newton} in soft X-rays (0.3--10~keV), {\it NuSTAR} in hard X-rays (3--70~keV), and optical polarization from the Calar Alto, and Perkins Telescope observatories. Our contemporaneous X-ray data suggest that the {\it IXPE} energy band is at the crossover between the low- and high-frequency blazar emission humps. The source displays significant variability during the observation, and we measure polarization in three separate time bins. Contemporaneous X-ray spectra allow us to determine the relative contribution from each emission hump. We find $>99\%$ confidence X-ray polarization $\Pi_{2-4{\rm keV}} = 21.7^{+5.6}_{-7.9}\%$ and electric vector polarization angle $\psi_{2-4{\rm keV}} = -28.7 \pm 8.7^{\circ}$ in the time bin with highest estimated synchrotron flux contribution. We discuss possible implications of our observations, including previous {\it IXPE} BL Lacertae pointings, tentatively concluding that synchrotron self-Compton emission dominates over hadronic emission processes during the observed epochs., Comment: Accepted to ApJL. 16 pages, 8 figures

Published
2023
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11. Looking for Change: A Computer Vision Approach for Concept Drift Detection in Process Mining

Author

Kraus, Alexander, van der Aa, Han, Goos, Gerhard, Series Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Marrella, Andrea, editor, Resinas, Manuel, editor, Jans, Mieke, editor, and Rosemann, Michael, editor

Published
2024
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16. Nuclear ashes and outflow in the eruptive star Nova Vul 1670

Author

Kaminski, Tomasz, Menten, Karl M., Tylenda, Romuald, Hajduk, Marcin, Patel, Nimesh A., and Kraus, Alexander

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

CK Vulpeculae was observed in outburst in 1670-16721, but no counterpart was seen until 1982, when a bipolar nebula was found at its location. Historically, CK Vul has been considered to be a nova (Nova Vul 1670), but a similarity to 'red transients', which are more luminous than classical nova and thought to be the result of stellar collisions, has re-opened the question of CK Vul's status. Red transients cool to resemble late M-type stars, surrounded by circumstellar material rich in molecules and dust. No stellar source has been seen in CK Vul, though a radio continuum source was identified at the expansion centre of the nebula. Here we report CK Vul is surrounded by chemically rich molecular gas with peculiar isotopic ratios, as well as dust. The chemical composition cannot be reconciled with a nova or indeed any other known explosion. In addition, the mass of the surrounding gas is too high for a nova, though the conversion from observations of CO to a total mass is uncertain. We conclude that CK Vul is best explained as the remnant of a merger of two stars., Comment: an older version of an article that appeared in Nature; published in Nature, online version, 23 March 2015

Published
2015
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18. Magnetic field properties inside the jet of Mrk 421

Author

Kim, Dawoon E., primary, Di Gesu, Laura, additional, Liodakis, Ioannis, additional, Marscher, Alan P., additional, Jorstad, Svetlana G., additional, Middei, Riccardo, additional, Marshall, Herman L., additional, Pacciani, Luigi, additional, Agudo, Iván, additional, Tavecchio, Fabrizio, additional, Cibrario, Nicoló, additional, Tugliani, Stefano, additional, Bonino, Raffaella, additional, Negro, Michela, additional, Puccetti, Simonetta, additional, Tombesi, Francesco, additional, Costa, Enrico, additional, Donnarumma, Immacolata, additional, Soffitta, Paolo, additional, Mizuno, Tsunefumi, additional, Fukazawa, Yasushi, additional, Kawabata, Koji S., additional, Nakaoka, Tatsuya, additional, Uemura, Makoto, additional, Imazawa, Ryo, additional, Sasada, Mahito, additional, Akitaya, Hiroshi, additional, Josè Aceituno, Francisco, additional, Bonnoli, Giacomo, additional, Casanova, Vìctor, additional, Myserlis, Ioannis, additional, Sievers, Albrecht, additional, Angelakis, Emmanouil, additional, Kraus, Alexander, additional, Yeon Cheong, Whee, additional, Jeong, Hyeon-Woo, additional, Kang, Sincheol, additional, Kim, Sang-Hyun, additional, Lee, Sang-Sung, additional, Agìs-Gonzàlez, Beatriz, additional, Sota, Alfredo, additional, Escudero, Juan, additional, Gurwell, Mark, additional, Keating, Garrett K., additional, Rao, Ramprasad, additional, Kouch, Pouya M., additional, Lindfors, Elina, additional, Bourbah, Ioakeim G., additional, Kiehlmann, Sebastian, additional, Kontopodis, Evangelos, additional, Mandarakas, Nikos, additional, Romanopoulos, Stylianos, additional, Skalidis, Raphael, additional, Vervelaki, Anna, additional, Savchenko, Sergey S., additional, Antonelli, Lucio A., additional, Bachetti, Matteo, additional, Baldini, Luca, additional, Baumgartner, Wayne H., additional, Bellazzini, Ronaldo, additional, Bianchi, Stefano, additional, Bongiorno, Stephen D., additional, Brez, Alessandro, additional, Bucciantini, Niccoló, additional, Capitanio, Fiamma, additional, Castellano, Simone, additional, Cavazzuti, Elisabetta, additional, Chen, Chien-Ting, additional, Ciprini, Stefano, additional, De Rosa, Alessandra, additional, Del Monte, Ettore, additional, Di Lalla, Niccoló, additional, Di Marco, Alessandro, additional, Doroshenko, Victor, additional, Dovčiak, Michal, additional, Ehlert, Steven R., additional, Enoto, Teruaki, additional, Evangelista, Yuri, additional, Fabiani, Sergio, additional, Ferrazzoli, Riccardo, additional, Garcia, Javier A., additional, Gunji, Shuichi, additional, Hayashida, Kiyoshi, additional, Heyl, Jeremy, additional, Iwakiri, Wataru, additional, Kaaret, Philip, additional, Karas, Vladimir, additional, Kislat, Fabian, additional, Kitaguchi, Takao, additional, Kolodziejczak, Jeffery J., additional, Krawczynski, Henric, additional, La Monaca, Fabio, additional, Latronico, Luca, additional, Maldera, Simone, additional, Manfreda, Alberto, additional, Marin, Frédéric, additional, Marinucci, Andrea, additional, Massaro, Francesco, additional, Matt, Giorgio, additional, Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki, additional, Muleri, Fabio, additional, Ng, C.-Y., additional, O’Dell, Stephen L., additional, Omodei, Nicola, additional, Oppedisano, Chiara, additional, Papitto, Alessandro, additional, Pavlov, George G., additional, Peirson, Abel L., additional, Perri, Matteo, additional, Pesce-Rollins, Melissa, additional, Petrucci, Pierre-Olivier, additional, Pilia, Maura, additional, Possenti, Andrea, additional, Poutanen, Juri, additional, Ramsey, Brian D., additional, Rankin, John, additional, Ratheesh, Ajay, additional, Roberts, Oliver, additional, Romani, Roger W., additional, Sgró, Carmelo, additional, Slane, Patrick, additional, Spandre, Gloria, additional, Swartz, Doug, additional, Tamagawa, Toru, additional, Taverna, Roberto, additional, Tawara, Yuzuru, additional, Tennant, Allyn F., additional, Thomas, Nicholas E., additional, Trois, Alessio, additional, Tsygankov, Sergey S., additional, Turolla, Roberto, additional, Vink, Jacco, additional, Weisskopf, Martin C., additional, Wu, Kinwah, additional, Xie, Fei, additional, and Zane, Silvia, additional

Published
2024
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19. Toward a European Facility for Ground-Based Radar Observations of Near-Earth Objects

Author

Pupillo, Giuseppe, primary, Righini, Simona, additional, Orosei, Roberto, additional, Bortolotti, Claudio, additional, Maccaferri, Giuseppe, additional, Roma, Mauro, additional, Mastrogiuseppe, Marco, additional, Pisanu, Tonino, additional, Schirru, Luca, additional, Cicalò, Stefano, additional, Tripodo, Antonio, additional, Harju, Jorma, additional, Penttilä, Antti, additional, Virkki, Anne K., additional, Bach, Uwe, additional, Kraus, Alexander, additional, Margheri, Alessio, additional, Ghiani, Riccardo, additional, Iacolina, Maria N., additional, Valente, Giuseppe, additional, Koschny, Detlef, additional, Moissl, Richard, additional, and Sessler, Gunther, additional

Published
2023
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20. X-Ray Polarization of the BL Lacertae Type Blazar 1ES 0229+200

Author

Ehlert, Steven R., primary, Liodakis, Ioannis, additional, Middei, Riccardo, additional, Marscher, Alan P., additional, Tavecchio, Fabrizio, additional, Agudo, Iván, additional, Kouch, Pouya M., additional, Lindfors, Elina, additional, Nilsson, Kari, additional, Myserlis, Ioannis, additional, Gurwell, Mark, additional, Rao, Ramprasad, additional, Aceituno, Francisco José, additional, Bonnoli, Giacomo, additional, Casanova, Víctor, additional, Agís-González, Beatriz, additional, Escudero, Juan, additional, Husillos, César, additional, Otero Santos, Jorge, additional, Sota, Alfredo, additional, Angelakis, Emmanouil, additional, Kraus, Alexander, additional, Keating, Garrett K., additional, Antonelli, Lucio A., additional, Bachetti, Matteo, additional, Baldini, Luca, additional, Baumgartner, Wayne H., additional, Bellazzini, Ronaldo, additional, Bianchi, Stefano, additional, Bongiorno, Stephen D., additional, Bonino, Raffaella, additional, Brez, Alessandro, additional, Bucciantini, Niccoló, additional, Capitanio, Fiamma, additional, Castellano, Simone, additional, Cavazzuti, Elisabetta, additional, Chen, Chien-Ting, additional, Ciprini, Stefano, additional, Costa, Enrico, additional, De Rosa, Alessandra, additional, Del Monte, Ettore, additional, Di Gesu, Laura, additional, Di Lalla, Niccoló, additional, Di Marco, Alessandro, additional, Donnarumma, Immacolata, additional, Doroshenko, Victor, additional, Dovčiak, Michal, additional, Enoto, Teruaki, additional, Evangelista, Yuri, additional, Fabiani, Sergio, additional, Ferrazzoli, Riccardo, additional, Garcia, Javier A., additional, Gunji, Shuichi, additional, Hayashida, Kiyoshi, additional, Heyl, Jeremy, additional, Iwakiri, Wataru, additional, Jorstad, Svetlana G., additional, Kaaret, Philip, additional, Karas, Vladimir, additional, Kislat, Fabian, additional, Kitaguchi, Takao, additional, Kolodziejczak, Jeffery J., additional, Krawczynski, Henric, additional, La Monaca, Fabio, additional, Latronico, Luca, additional, Maldera, Simone, additional, Manfreda, Alberto, additional, Marin, Frédéric, additional, Marinucci, Andrea, additional, Marshall, Herman L., additional, Massaro, Francesco, additional, Matt, Giorgio, additional, Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki, additional, Mizuno, Tsunefumi, additional, Muleri, Fabio, additional, Negro, Michela, additional, Ng, C.-Y., additional, O’Dell, Stephen L., additional, Omodei, Nicola, additional, Oppedisano, Chiara, additional, Papitto, Alessandro, additional, Pavlov, George G., additional, Peirson, Abel L., additional, Perri, Matteo, additional, Pesce-Rollins, Melissa, additional, Petrucci, Pierre-Olivier, additional, Pilia, Maura, additional, Possenti, Andrea, additional, Poutanen, Juri, additional, Puccetti, Simonetta, additional, Ramsey, Brian D., additional, Rankin, John, additional, Ratheesh, Ajay, additional, Roberts, Oliver J., additional, Romani, Roger W., additional, Sgró, Carmelo, additional, Slane, Patrick, additional, Soffitta, Paolo, additional, Spandre, Gloria, additional, Swartz, Douglas A., additional, Tamagawa, Toru, additional, Taverna, Roberto, additional, Tawara, Yuzuru, additional, Tennant, Allyn F., additional, Thomas, Nicholas E., additional, Tombesi, Francesco, additional, Trois, Alessio, additional, Tsygankov, Sergey S., additional, Turolla, Roberto, additional, Vink, Jacco, additional, Weisskopf, Martin C., additional, Wu, Kinwah, additional, Xie, Fei, additional, and Zane, Silvia, additional

Published
2023
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21. Meer

Author

Kraus, Alexander, Morat, Daniel, editor, and Ziemer, Hansjakob, editor

Published
2018
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27. IXPE and Multiwavelength Observations of Blazar PG 1553+113 Reveal an Orphan Optical Polarization Swing

Author

Middei, Riccardo, primary, Perri, Matteo, additional, Puccetti, Simonetta, additional, Liodakis, Ioannis, additional, Di Gesu, Laura, additional, Marscher, Alan P., additional, Cavero, Nicole Rodriguez, additional, Tavecchio, Fabrizio, additional, Donnarumma, Immacolata, additional, Laurenti, Marco, additional, Jorstad, Svetlana G., additional, Agudo, Iván, additional, Marshall, Herman L., additional, Pacciani, Luigi, additional, Kim, Dawoon E., additional, Aceituno, Francisco José, additional, Bonnoli, Giacomo, additional, Casanova, Víctor, additional, Agís-González, Beatriz, additional, Sota, Alfredo, additional, Casadio, Carolina, additional, Escudero, Juan, additional, Myserlis, Ioannis, additional, Sievers, Albrecht, additional, Kouch, Pouya M., additional, Lindfors, Elina, additional, Gurwell, Mark, additional, Keating, Garrett K., additional, Rao, Ramprasad, additional, Kang, Sincheol, additional, Lee, Sang-Sung, additional, Kim, Sang-Hyun, additional, Cheong, Whee Yeon, additional, Jeong, Hyeon-Woo, additional, Angelakis, Emmanouil, additional, Kraus, Alexander, additional, Antonelli, Lucio A., additional, Bachetti, Matteo, additional, Baldini, Luca, additional, Baumgartner, Wayne H., additional, Bellazzini, Ronaldo, additional, Bianchi, Stefano, additional, Bongiorno, Stephen D., additional, Bonino, Raffaella, additional, Brez, Alessandro, additional, Bucciantini, Niccolò, additional, Capitanio, Fiamma, additional, Castellano, Simone, additional, Cavazzuti, Elisabetta, additional, Chen, Chien-Ting, additional, Ciprini, Stefano, additional, Costa, Enrico, additional, De Rosa, Alessandra, additional, Del Monte, Ettore, additional, Di Lalla, Niccolò, additional, Di Marco, Alessandro, additional, Doroshenko, Victor, additional, Dovčiak, Michal, additional, Ehlert, Steven R., additional, Enoto, Teruaki, additional, Evangelista, Yuri, additional, Fabiani, Sergio, additional, Ferrazzoli, Riccardo, additional, García, Javier A., additional, Gunji, Shuichi, additional, Hayashida, Kiyoshi, additional, Heyl, Jeremy, additional, Iwakiri, Wataru, additional, Kaaret, Philip, additional, Karas, Vladimir, additional, Kislat, Fabian, additional, Kitaguchi, Takao, additional, Kolodziejczak, Jeffery J., additional, Krawczynski, Henric, additional, La Monaca, Fabio, additional, Latronico, Luca, additional, Maldera, Simone, additional, Manfreda, Alberto, additional, Marin, Frédéric, additional, Marinucci, Andrea, additional, Massaro, Francesco, additional, Matt, Giorgio, additional, Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki, additional, Mizuno, Tsunefumi, additional, Muleri, Fabio, additional, Negro, Michela, additional, Ng, Chi-Yung, additional, O’Dell, Stephen L., additional, Omodei, Nicola, additional, Oppedisano, Chiara, additional, Papitto, Alessandro, additional, Pavlov, George G., additional, Peirson, Abel L., additional, Pesce-Rollins, Melissa, additional, Petrucci, Pierre-Olivier, additional, Pilia, Maura, additional, Possenti, Andrea, additional, Poutanen, Juri, additional, Ramsey, Brian D., additional, Rankin, John, additional, Ratheesh, Ajay, additional, Roberts, Oliver J., additional, Romani, Roger W., additional, Sgrò, Carmelo, additional, Slane, Patrick, additional, Soffitta, Paolo, additional, Spandre, Gloria, additional, Swartz, Douglas A., additional, Tamagawa, Toru, additional, Taverna, Roberto, additional, Tawara, Yuzuru, additional, Tennant, Allyn F., additional, Thomas, Nicholas E., additional, Tombesi, Francesco, additional, Trois, Alessio, additional, Tsygankov, Sergey S., additional, Turolla, Roberto, additional, Vink, Jacco, additional, Weisskopf, Martin C., additional, Wu, Kinwah, additional, Xie, Fei, additional, and Zane, Silvia, additional

Published
2023
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28. Toward a European Facility for Ground-Based Radar Observations of Near-Earth Objects.

Author

Pupillo, Giuseppe, Righini, Simona, Orosei, Roberto, Bortolotti, Claudio, Maccaferri, Giuseppe, Roma, Mauro, Mastrogiuseppe, Marco, Pisanu, Tonino, Schirru, Luca, Cicalò, Stefano, Tripodo, Antonio, Harju, Jorma, Penttilä, Antti, Virkki, Anne K., Bach, Uwe, Kraus, Alexander, Margheri, Alessio, Ghiani, Riccardo, Iacolina, Maria N., and Valente, Giuseppe

Subjects
NEAR-Earth objects, RADAR, BISTATIC radar, ASTROMETRY, RADIO telescopes, TRANSMITTING antennas
Abstract

In this work, we present the preliminary results of radar observations of Near-Earth Objects (NEOs) carried out by European radio telescopes in the framework of the European Space Agency (ESA) project "NEO observation concepts for radar systems", aimed at deriving the functional requirements of a planetary radar system, evaluating the available European assets to perform NEO radar observations, and carrying out test radar campaigns. In the first part of the project, we executed the performance analysis of a possible European planetary radar system. Instrumental features, as much as issues like the impact of weather conditions on signal propagation at different radio frequencies, were considered. This paper focused on the test campaigns, performed in the years 2021–2022 in collaboration with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), which led to the observation of several asteroids including 2021 AF8, (4660) Nereus, and 2005 LW3, which allowed us to derive astrometric measurements, as well as to measure physical properties, such as rotation periods, and observe how one of the targets is actually a binary asteroid. The obtained results demonstrated that European radio astronomical dishes, although employed only as receivers (in bistatic or multistatic configurations) and for a limited amount of time, are able to provide a significant contribution to the constitution of a European network to increase the opportunities for NEO monitoring and studies, if a transmitting antenna—equipped with a suitable high-power transmitter—were made available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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29. Numerical Modelling of High-Speed Loading of Periodic Interpenetrating Heterogeneous Media with Adapted Mesostructure

Author

Kraus, Alexander Kraus, Andrey Buzyurkin, Ivan Shabalin, and Evgeny

Subjects
heterogeneous material, reinforcement, high-speed interaction, barrier of finite thickness, space debris
Abstract

A series of calculations has been conducted to study the high-speed interaction of space debris (SD) particles with screens of finite thickness. For the first time, taking into account the fracture effects, a numerical solution has been obtained for the problem of high-velocity interaction between SD particles and a volumetrically reinforced penetrating composite screen. The calculations were performed using the REACTOR 3D software package in a three-dimensional setup. To calibrate the material properties of homogeneous screens made of aluminum alloy A356, stainless steel 316L, and multilayer screens, methodical load calculations were carried out. The properties of materials have been verified based on experimental data through systematic calculations of the load on homogeneous screens made of aluminum alloy A356, stainless steel 316L, and multilayer screens comprising a combination of aluminum and steel plates. Several options for the numerical design of heterogeneous screens based on A356 and 316L were considered, including interpenetrating reinforcement with steel inclusions and a gradient distribution of steel throughout the thickness of an aluminum matrix. The study has revealed that the screens constructed as a two-layer composite of A356/316L, volumetrically reinforced composite screens, and heterogeneous screens with a direct gradient distribution of steel in the aluminum matrix provide protection for devices from both a single SD particle and streams of SD particles moving at speeds of up to 6 km/s. SD particles were modeled as spherical particles with a diameter of 1.9 mm made of the aluminum alloy Al2017-T4 with a mass of 10 mg.

Published
2023
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30. X-Ray Polarization of BL Lacertae in Outburst

Author

Peirson, Abel L., primary, Negro, Michela, additional, Liodakis, Ioannis, additional, Middei, Riccardo, additional, Kim, Dawoon E., additional, Marscher, Alan P., additional, Marshall, Herman L., additional, Pacciani, Luigi, additional, Romani, Roger W., additional, Wu, Kinwah, additional, Di Marco, Alessandro, additional, Di Lalla, Niccoló, additional, Omodei, Nicola, additional, Jorstad, Svetlana G., additional, Agudo, Iván, additional, Kouch, Pouya M., additional, Lindfors, Elina, additional, Aceituno, Francisco José, additional, Bernardos, Maria I., additional, Bonnoli, Giacomo, additional, Casanova, Víctor, additional, García-Comas, Maya, additional, Agís-González, Beatriz, additional, Husillos, César, additional, Marchini, Alessandro, additional, Sota, Alfredo, additional, Casadio, Carolina, additional, Escudero, Juan, additional, Myserlis, Ioannis, additional, Sievers, Albrecht, additional, Gurwell, Mark, additional, Rao, Ramprasad, additional, Imazawa, Ryo, additional, Sasada, Mahito, additional, Fukazawa, Yasushi, additional, Kawabata, Koji S., additional, Uemura, Makoto, additional, Mizuno, Tsunefumi, additional, Nakaoka, Tatsuya, additional, Akitaya, Hiroshi, additional, Cheong, Yeon, additional, Jeong, Hyeon-Woo, additional, Kang, Sincheol, additional, Kim, Sang-Hyun, additional, Lee, Sang-Sung, additional, Angelakis, Emmanouil, additional, Kraus, Alexander, additional, Cibrario, Nicoló, additional, Donnarumma, Immacolata, additional, Poutanen, Juri, additional, Tavecchio, Fabrizio, additional, Antonelli, Lucio A., additional, Bachetti, Matteo, additional, Baldini, Luca, additional, Baumgartner, Wayne H., additional, Bellazzini, Ronaldo, additional, Bianchi, Stefano, additional, Bongiorno, Stephen D., additional, Bonino, Raffaella, additional, Brez, Alessandro, additional, Bucciantini, Niccoló, additional, Capitanio, Fiamma, additional, Castellano, Simone, additional, Cavazzuti, Elisabetta, additional, Chen, Chien-Ting, additional, Ciprini, Stefano, additional, Costa, Enrico, additional, De Rosa, Alessandra, additional, Del Monte, Ettore, additional, Di Gesu, Laura, additional, Doroshenko, Victor, additional, Dovčiak, Michal, additional, Ehlert, Steven R., additional, Enoto, Teruaki, additional, Evangelista, Yuri, additional, Fabiani, Sergio, additional, Ferrazzoli, Riccardo, additional, Garcia, Javier A., additional, Gunji, Shuichi, additional, Hayashida, Kiyoshi, additional, Heyl, Jeremy, additional, Iwakiri, Wataru, additional, Kaaret, Philip, additional, Karas, Vladimir, additional, Kitaguchi, Takao, additional, Kolodziejczak, Jeffery J., additional, Krawczynski, Henric, additional, La Monaca, Fabio, additional, Latronico, Luca, additional, Madejski, Grzegorz, additional, Maldera, Simone, additional, Manfreda, Alberto, additional, Marin, Frédéric, additional, Marinucci, Andrea, additional, Massaro, Francesco, additional, Matt, Giorgio, additional, Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki, additional, Muleri, Fabio, additional, Ng, C.-Y., additional, O’Dell, Stephen L., additional, Oppedisano, Chiara, additional, Papitto, Alessandro, additional, Pavlov, George G., additional, Perri, Matteo, additional, Pesce-Rollins, Melissa, additional, Petrucci, Pierre-Olivier, additional, Pilia, Maura, additional, Possenti, Andrea, additional, Puccetti, Simonetta, additional, Ramsey, Brian D., additional, Rankin, John, additional, Ratheesh, Ajay, additional, Roberts, Oliver J., additional, Sgró, Carmelo, additional, Slane, Patrick, additional, Soffitta, Paolo, additional, Spandre, Gloria, additional, Swartz, Douglas A., additional, Tamagawa, Toru, additional, Taverna, Roberto, additional, Tawara, Yuzuru, additional, Tennant, Allyn F., additional, Thomas, Nicholas E., additional, Tombesi, Francesco, additional, Trois, Alessio, additional, Tsygankov, Sergey, additional, Turolla, Roberto, additional, Vink, Jacco, additional, Weisskopf, Martin C., additional, Xie, Fei, additional, and Zane, Silvia, additional

Published
2023
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31. Treating Apnea of Prematurity

Author

Pergolizzi, Joseph, Kraus, Alexander, Magnusson, Peter, Breve, Frank, Mitchell, Kailyn, Raffa, Robert, LeQuang, Jo Ann K., Varrassi, Giustino, Pergolizzi, Joseph, Kraus, Alexander, Magnusson, Peter, Breve, Frank, Mitchell, Kailyn, Raffa, Robert, LeQuang, Jo Ann K., and Varrassi, Giustino

Abstract

Premature babies often suffer apnea of prematurity as a physiological consequence of an immature respiratory system. Hypercapnia may develop, and neonates with apnea of prematurity are at an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. The long-term effects of apnea of prematurity or their treatments are less clear. While a number of treatment options exist for apnea of prematurity, there is no clear-cut "first-line" approach or gold standard of care. Effective treatments, such as caffeine citrate, carbon dioxide inhalation, nasal continuous positive airway pressure, nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation, and others, may be associated with safety concerns. More conservative treatments are available, such as kangaroo care, postural changes, and sensory stimulation, but they may not be effective. While apnea of prematurity resolves spontaneously as the respiratory system matures, it can complicate neonatal care and may have both short-term and long-term consequences. The role, if any, that apnea of prematurity may play in mortality of preterm neonates is not clear.

Published
2022
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34. Multi-wavelength study of Mrk 421 during a TeV flare

Author

Gokus, Andrea, Kreikenbohm, Annika, Leiter, Katharina, Bretz, Thomas, Dauser, Thomas, Dorner, Daniela, Elsaesser, Dominik, Eppel, Florian, Heßdörfer, Jonas, Kadler, Matthias, Kraus, Alexander, Kreter, Michael, Kreykenbohm, Ingo, Langejahn, Marcus, Mannheim, Karl, Thalhammer, Philipp, Wilms, Joern, FACT Collaboration, Arbet Engels, Axel, Baack, Dominik, Balbo, Matteo, Biland, Adrian, Buss, Jens, Eisenberger, Laura, Hildebrand, Dorothée, Iotov, Roman, Kalenski, Adelina, Mitchell, Alison, Neise, Dominik, Noethe, Maximilian, Paravac, Aleksander, Rhode, Wolfgang, Schleicher, Bernd, Sliusar, Vitalii, and Walter, Roland

Subjects
Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The blazar Mrk 421 shows frequent, short flares in the TeV energy regime. Due to the fast nature of such episodes, we often fail to obtain sufficient simultaneous information about flux variations in several energy bands. To overcome this lack of multi-wavelength (MWL) coverage, especially for the pre- and post-flare periods, we have set up a monitoring program with the FACT telescope (TeV energies) and the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory (X-rays). On 2019 June 9, Mrk 421 showed a TeV outburst reaching a flux level of more than two times the flux of the Crab Nebula at TeV energies. We acquired simultaneous data in the X-rays with additional observations by XMM-Newton and INTEGRAL. For the first time, we can study a TeV blazar in outburst taking advantage of highly sensitive X-ray data from XMM-Newton and INTEGRAL combined. Our data set is complemented by pointed radio observations by Effelsberg at GHz frequencies. We present our first results, including the gamma-ray and X-ray light curves, a timing analysis of the X-ray data obtained with XMM-Newton, as well as the radio spectra before, during and after the flare., PoS: Proceedings of Science, 395, ISSN:1824-8039, 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2021)

Published
2022

35. Treating Apnea of Prematurity

Author

Pergolizzi, Joseph, primary, Kraus, Alexander, additional, Magnusson, Peter, additional, Breve, Frank, additional, Mitchell, Kailyn, additional, Raffa, Robert, additional, LeQuang, Jo Ann K, additional, and Varrassi, Giustino, additional

Published
2022
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42. 'So will ich dir Gruß aus weiter Ferne schicken.'

Author

Kraus, Alexander, Köster, Fabian, Kraus, A. (Alexander), Köster, F. (Fabian), and Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Münster

Subjects
940 History of Europe, History, geography, and auxiliary disciplines, ddc:940, 900 History, geography, and auxiliary disciplines, Feldpost, Erster Weltkrieg, Fronterleben, Ostfront, Kriegserfahrung, Frontalltag, Kriegsmüdigkeit, History of Europe, ddc:900
Abstract

In diesem Band finden sich insgesamt 57 Feldpostbriefe und Postkarten, die Heinrich Echtermeyer, ein Landwirt aus dem westfälischen Halverde, von Juli 1916 bis November 1918 von der Ostfront an seinen Bruder Bernhard schickte. In ihnen reflektiert er seine eigene bescheidene Rolle in der Ausnahmesituation des Krieges und sein Fronterleben, lässt seiner fortschreitenden Desillusionierung und Kriegsmüdigkeit freien Lauf und schreibt von seiner Sehnsucht nach der Heimat, seiner Trauer, wenn ihn Verlustnachrichten aus eben dieser erreichten. Seiner Feldpost sind fünfzehn Kommentare an die Seite gestellt, die von Studierenden der Westfälischen-Wilhelms-Universität Münster erarbeitet wurden. In ihnen werden einzelne Aspekte der Feldpostbriefe Echtermeyers exemplarisch analysiert., Vorwort, Christoph Lorke ..... 5 Handschriftlicher Rückzug von der Ostfront, Feldpost des Landsturmmanns Heinrich Echtermeyer, Alexander Kraus/Fabian Köster ..... 7 "Teile mit das ich auf der Fahrt bin, […] es wird wohl nach den Osten gehen.", Heinrich Echtermeyers Einsatz an der Ostfront des Ersten, Weltkrieges, Max Möllering ..... 13 Feldpostkarte, 11. Mai 1916 ..... 21 Feldpostbrief, 26. Mai 1916 ..... 22 Die Vermittlerrolle des Bruders, Leonie Volmer ..... 27 Feldpostkarte, 4. Juni 1916 ..... 31 Feldpostkarte, 14. Juni 1916 ..... 31 Feldpostkarte, 5. Juli 1916 ..... 32 Feldpostkarte, 9. Juli 1916 ..... 32 Feldpostkarte, 10. Juli 1916 ..... 33 Feldpostkarte, 16. Juli 1916 ..... 33 Feldpostkarte, 19. Juli 1916 ..... 34 Feldpostkarte, 29. Juli 1916 ..... 35 Feldpostkarte, 12. August 1916 ..... 35 Vertrautheit in der Fremde?, Die Wahrnehmung der Fremde an der Ostfront, Laura Maring ..... 39 Feldpostbrief, 20. August 1916 ..... 43 Kein Platz für Gefühle und Trauer in Feldpostbriefen, Marc Berlsmann ..... 49 Erst ich und dann die anderen?, Kameraden im Krieg, Niklas Costa Gouveia ..... 53 Feldpostkarte, 21. August 1916 ..... 56 Feldpostkarte, 30. August 1916 ..... 57 Feldpostbrief, 31. August 1916 ..... 57 Feldpostkarte, 6. September 1916 ..... 58 Feldpostbrief, 20. September 1916 ..... 59 Feldpostkarte, 1. Oktober 1916 ..... 60 Feldpostkarte, 7. Oktober 1916 ..... 60 Feldpostkarte, 11. Oktober 1916 ..... 60 Feldpostkarte, 15. Oktober 1916 ..... 61 Rückzug in das Gewöhnliche, Immer nur die gleichen 'Floskeln'?, Fabian Köster/Dennis Krause ..... 65 Feldpostkarte, 19. Oktober 1916 ..... 68 Feldpostkarte, 27. Oktober 1916 ..... 68 Feldpostbrief, 7. November 1916 ..... 69 Zwischen den Zeilen, Die soziale und psychologische Funktion von Feldpostbriefen, Lucinda Jäger ..... 75 Feldpostbrief, 25. November 1916 ..... 79 Feldpostkarte, 28. November 1916 ..... 80 Feldpostkarte, 18. Dezember 1916 ..... 80 Feldpostbrief, 25. Dezember 1916 ..... 81 Beten im Schützengraben, Heinrich Echtermeyers Verständnis von der Kraft des Fürbittens, Jörg Schlarb ..... 85 Feldpostkarte, 4. Januar 1917 ..... 88 Feldpostkarte, 8. Januar 1917 ..... 88 Feldpostbrief, 18. Januar 1917 ..... 89 Die Abschiedsformel als Spiegel des Erlebten, Jakob Heyman ..... 95 Feldpostkarte, 25. Januar 1917 ..... 98 Feldpostbrief, 15. Februar 1917 ..... 98 Systematik eines Urlaubs, Was der Krieg Heinrich Echtermeyer lehrte, Lukas Boch/Michael Boch ..... 105 Feldpostbrief, 1. März 1917 ..... 111 Feldpostbrief, 2. März 1917 ..... 111 Feldpostbrief, 20. März 1917 ..... 112 Hof und Heimat als Rückzugsort vor dem Krieg, Niklas Maximilian Schepp ..... 119 Feldpostbrief, 26. März 1917 ..... 121 Feldpostbrief, 27. März 1917 ..... 122 Feldpostbrief, 12. April 1917 ..... 122 Sorge um die Heimat, Florian Steinfals ..... 129 Feldpostkarte, 15. April 1917 ..... 133 Feldpostkarte, 30. Mai 1917 ..... 133 Feldpostkarte, 4. Juni 1917 ..... 133 Feldpostbrief, 1. Juli 1917 ..... 134 Feldpostkarte, 12. Juli 1917 ..... 135 Feldpostkarte, 22. Juli 1917 ..... 135 Feldpostbrief, 25. Juli 1917 ..... 135 In Erwartung auf (mehr) Briefe Die psychologische Funktion des Briefverkehrs, Johannes Reichert ..... 141 Feldpostkarte, 28. Juli 1917 ..... 144 Feldpostkarte, 30. August 1917 ..... 144 Feldpostbrief, 2. September 1917 ..... 144 Feldpostbrief, 12. September 1917 ..... 145 Feldpostbrief, 17. Oktober 1917 ..... 146 Feldpostkarte, 29. November 1917 ..... 147 Feldpostbrief, 26. Januar 1918 ..... 148 Wer ist der eigentliche Feind?, Lea Griesing ..... 155 Sinnstiftende Weltdeutungsmuster, Erkenntnisse des Heinrich Echtermeyer, Hanna Lena Hertzel ..... 159 Feldpostbrief, 18. Februar 1918 ..... 163 Feldpostbrief, 24. Juli 1918 ..... 164 Feldpostkarte, 27. Oktober 1918 ..... 165 Feldpostkarte, 2. November 1918 ..... 166

Published
2021
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43. Process for producing rigid polyurethane foams

Author

Tomovic, Z., Berres, Antonia, Kraus, Alexander, Zarbakhsh, Sirus, Renner, Christian, Tomovic, Z., Berres, Antonia, Kraus, Alexander, Zarbakhsh, Sirus, and Renner, Christian

Abstract

The present invention relates to an aromatic pol- yetherol (b1) obtainable by condensation of aromatic al- cohol (b11) and aldehyde (b12) wherein the aromatic al- cohol (b11) comprises a mixture, consisting of at least one alkoxylation product (bill) of an aromatic alcohol, the alkoxylation product (b111) having a hydroxyl value of 110 to 500 mg KOH/g and at least one alkylated aromatic alcohol (b112) which may be alkoxylated and wherein the alkyl group is bonded to the aromatic ring, the alkyl group having 4 to 18 carbon atoms, wherein the molar ratio of the alkoxylation product (b111) of the aromatic alcohol and the alkylated aromatic alcohol (b112) is in the range of 5 : 1 to 2 : 1 and the average OH-functionality of the polyetherol (b1) is 2 to 8. Further, the present in- vention relates to a method of producing a polyurethane rigid foam comprising mixing (a) polyisocyanate, (b) at least one compound having at least two hydrogen atoms reactive towards isocyanates, (c) optionally flame retard- ant, (d) blowing agent, (e) catalyst and (f) optionally fur- ther additives, to form a reaction mixture and reacting the reaction mixture to obtain the polyurethane based rigid foam, wherein the compound reactive towards iso- cyanates (b) comprises an aromatic polyetherol (b1) and a rigid polyurethane foam obtained by such a method.

Published
2021

44. Remote monitoring of cardiac implanted electronic devices: Legal requirements and ethical principles - ESC Regulatory Affairs Committee/EHRA joint task force report

Author

Nielsen, Jens Cosedis, Kautzner, Josef, Casado Arroyo, Ruben, Burri, Haran, Callens, Stefaan, Cowie, Martin M.R., Dickstein, Kenneth, Drossart, Inga, Geneste, Ginger, Erkin, Zekeriya, Hyafil, Fabien, Kraus, Alexander, Kutyifa, Valentina, Marin, Eduard, Schulze, Christian, Slotwiner, David, Stein, Kenneth, Zanero, Stefano, Heidbuchel, Hein, Fraser, Alan Gordon, Nielsen, Jens Cosedis, Kautzner, Josef, Casado Arroyo, Ruben, Burri, Haran, Callens, Stefaan, Cowie, Martin M.R., Dickstein, Kenneth, Drossart, Inga, Geneste, Ginger, Erkin, Zekeriya, Hyafil, Fabien, Kraus, Alexander, Kutyifa, Valentina, Marin, Eduard, Schulze, Christian, Slotwiner, David, Stein, Kenneth, Zanero, Stefano, Heidbuchel, Hein, and Fraser, Alan Gordon

Abstract

The European Union (EU) General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) imposes legal responsibilities concerning the collection and processing of personal information from individuals who live in the EU. It has particular implications for the remote monitoring of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs). This report from a joint Task Force of the European Heart Rhythm Association and the Regulatory Affairs Committee of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) recommends a common legal interpretation of the GDPR. Manufacturers and hospitals should be designated as joint controllers of the data collected by remote monitoring (depending upon the system architecture) and they should have a mutual contract in place that defines their respective roles; a generic template is proposed. Alternatively, they may be two independent controllers. Self-employed cardiologists also are data controllers. Third-party providers of monitoring platforms may act as data processors. Manufacturers should always collect and process the minimum amount of identifiable data necessary, and wherever feasible have access only to pseudonymized data. Cybersecurity vulnerabilities have been reported concerning the security of transmission of data between a patient's device and the transceiver, so manufacturers should use secure communication protocols. Patients need to be informed how their remotely monitored data will be handled and used, and their informed consent should be sought before their device is implanted. Review of consent forms in current use revealed great variability in length and content, and sometimes very technical language; therefore, a standard information sheet and generic consent form are proposed. Cardiologists who care for patients with CIEDs that are remotely monitored should be aware of these issues., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2021

46. Remote monitoring of cardiac implanted electronic devices: legal requirements and ethical principles - ESC Regulatory Affairs Committee/EHRA joint task force report.

Author

Nielsen, Jens Cosedis, Kautzner, Josef, Casado Arroyo, Ruben, Burri, Haran, Callens, Stefaan, Cowie, Martin R, Dickstein, Kenneth, Drossart, Inga, Geneste, Ginger, Erkin, Zekeriya, Hyafil, Fabien, Kraus, Alexander, Kutyifa, Valentina, Marin, Eduard, Schulze, Christian, Slotwiner, David, Stein, Kenneth, Zanero, Stefano, Heidbuchel, Hein, Fraser, Alan Gordon, Nielsen, Jens Cosedis, Kautzner, Josef, Casado Arroyo, Ruben, Burri, Haran, Callens, Stefaan, Cowie, Martin R, Dickstein, Kenneth, Drossart, Inga, Geneste, Ginger, Erkin, Zekeriya, Hyafil, Fabien, Kraus, Alexander, Kutyifa, Valentina, Marin, Eduard, Schulze, Christian, Slotwiner, David, Stein, Kenneth, Zanero, Stefano, Heidbuchel, Hein, and Fraser, Alan Gordon

Abstract

The European Union (EU) General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) imposes legal responsibilities concerning the collection and processing of personal information from individuals who live in the EU. It has particular implications for the remote monitoring of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs). This report from a joint Task Force of the European Heart Rhythm Association and the Regulatory Affairs Committee of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) recommends a common legal interpretation of the GDPR. Manufacturers and hospitals should be designated as joint controllers of the data collected by remote monitoring (depending upon the system architecture) and they should have a mutual contract in place that defines their respective roles; a generic template is proposed. Alternatively, they may be two independent controllers. Self-employed cardiologists also are data controllers. Third-party providers of monitoring platforms may act as data processors. Manufacturers should always collect and process the minimum amount of identifiable data necessary, and wherever feasible have access only to pseudonymized data. Cybersecurity vulnerabilities have been reported concerning the security of transmission of data between a patient's device and the transceiver, so manufacturers should use secure communication protocols. Patients need to be informed how their remotely monitored data will be handled and used, and their informed consent should be sought before their device is implanted. Review of consent forms in current use revealed great variability in length and content, and sometimes very technical language; therefore, a standard information sheet and generic consent form are proposed. Cardiologists who care for patients with CIEDs that are remotely monitored should be aware of these issues., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2020

50. Remote monitoring of cardiac implanted electronic devices: legal requirements and ethical principles - ESC Regulatory Affairs Committee/EHRA joint task force report

Author

Nielsen, Jens Cosedis, primary, Kautzner, Josef, additional, Casado-Arroyo, Ruben, additional, Burri, Haran, additional, Callens, Stefaan, additional, Cowie, Martin R, additional, Dickstein, Kenneth, additional, Drossart, Inga, additional, Geneste, Ginger, additional, Erkin, Zekeriya, additional, Hyafil, Fabien, additional, Kraus, Alexander, additional, Kutyifa, Valentina, additional, Marin, Eduard, additional, Schulze, Christian, additional, Slotwiner, David, additional, Stein, Kenneth, additional, Zanero, Stefano, additional, Heidbuchel, Hein, additional, and Fraser, Alan G, additional

Published
2020
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