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Aim: To develop an optimal diagnostic algorithm in order to the most reliable decrease of inflammatory changes severity in large duodenal papilla in patients with chronic opisthorchiasis., Material and Methods: Medical reports of 384 patients with opisthorchiasis-induced cholangitis have been analyzed. Diagnostic methods were abdominal ultrasound, endoscopic ultrasound of terminal common bile duct, CT scans, MRI of abdominal organs including magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and esophagogastroduodenoscopy with biopsy of the papilla, ERCP and PTHC. Comprehensive general and individual analysis of each of them has determined their advantages and disadvantages., Conclusion: Examination should by comprehensive to evaluate visual appearance of large duodenal papilla, lumen dimensions, state of its walls with histological research. Imaging tests are favorable to determine the diagnosis of papillitis due to possible assessment of lumen dimensions and state of the walls. While making a choice the priority should be given to endoscopic ultrasound examination. It allows visual inspection, assessment of the lumen, the walls of papilla and provides biopsy of deep structures.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the suture with a coating of triclosan on the dynamics of postoperative course in emergency surgical patients, comparing the postoperative period in the application of the suture with coating and without it., Design: A prospective cohort with a solid retrospective control group. The efficiency of the application of the suture with a coating of triclosan on the flow dynamics in the early postoperative period 678 emergency surgical patients, comparing the postoperative period when using the coated suture material (292 patients) and without (386 patients)., Evaluation Criteria: Time of normalization of body temperature and restore the function of the gastrointestinal tract, the duration of hospital treatment, the need for antibiotic prophylaxis and antibiotic therapy, the incidence of postoperative complications (in general and SSI). It was found a statistically significant effect of the application of the suture with triclosan to reduce the incidence of SSI. The economic effect of using SMT is only by reducing the average duration of hospital treatment amounted to 1 723 238 rubles in one year.

It is established that lithium is accumulated in the above-ground part of agrimony (Agrimoniapilosa L.), the aqueous extract of which exhibits lithium-specific chronobiological activity in rats. The chronobiological study was carried out during the winter solstice on 40 adult male rats divided into three groups: control (intact animals treated with purified water and the extract purified from lithium) and two test groups. Animals in the test groups were administered the aqueous extract of A. pilosa in the morning (8.00 am) and evening (19.00 pm) in amount corresponding to receiving lithium hydroxybutyrate in a dose of 10 mg/kg (p.o.). From the sixth to seventh day of experiment, without canceling this treatment, pilot testing (open field test, rectal temperature measurement) was started at 9 am and continued every 4 h over a period of 48 hours. The primary chronograms were statistically processing by analysis of variance, spectral analysis, and cosinor analysis. The quantitative determination of lithium in the above-ground part of A. pilosa L., its extract and brain of animals was carried out by flame photometry on a SOLAAR Series S spectrometer (Thermo Scientific Co., United States) equipped with a flaming atomizer operating in increased deuterium background correction emission mode. It was found that aqueous extract of the above-ground part of A. pilosa L. contained up to 8.5 ± 0.4 μg/g lithium; in the extract purified by ion-exchange chromatography, this amount was reduced to 1.4 ± 0.2 pg/g. All control animals exhibited external and internal desynchronism. Under the action of herbal extract, the daily dynamics of behavioral activity and rectal temperature in animals acquired a rhythmic character and became consistent with the external day-night cycle.

A model of traumatic osteomyelitis in rats is created. The disease development was evaluated by bone marrow myelograms, results of scintigraphy, and histological studies.

A method of identification and quantitative determination of baclofen in blood by HPLC with mass spectrometry detection has been developed. It is characterized by high sensitivity, specificity, linearity, accuracy, reproducibility, and a low detection for quantitative determination. The method has been used for diagnostics of acute baclofen poisoning in patients.

The influence of Saussurea controversa DC and Fillipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim extracts on the immunological reactivity of rats with experimental osteomyelitis has been studied. The application of these extracts on the background of antibiotic therapy normalized the immunological reactivity indices: (i) reduced the levels of total immunoglobulins, IgM and IgG and (ii) increased the percentage of active neutrophils and their absorption capacity, as well as the percentage of completion of phagocytosis. The treatment with plant extracts reduced the acute inflammatory reaction and increased the total number of megakaryocites as compared to those upon antibiotic therapy.

The objective of the present study was to select and develop simpler methods for the quantitative determination of baclofen in blood with the use of HPLC and tandem MS (MS-MS) techniques and its qualitative determination in cadaveric organs by the GC/MS technique. These mathods were shown to be suitable for the purpose of forensic medical analysis, clinical, toxicological, and therapeutic monitoring. The special emphasis is laid on the methods used to investigate the biological materials obtained from the subjects who died from baclofen intoxication.

Therapy of rats with CCl4 hepatitis with Stellaria media L. water-soluble polysaccharide fraction in a dose of 100 mg/kg reduces serum activities of transaminases (ALT and AST), alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, and the thymol test values. In the liver, the density of inflammatory infiltration of the organ parenchyma, total count of necrotic hepatocytes, fatty and protein degeneration are reducing. Hence, water-soluble polysaccharide fraction, isolated from the terrestrial part of Stellaria media L., is characterized by hepatoprotective activity.

The administration of the extract from Rhaponticum carthamoides (150 mg/kg, p.o., for 10 days) in combination with dosed low-power exercise in rats with experimental myocardial infarction led to an improvement of hemorheological indices, which was manifested by a decrease in the whole blood viscosity, aggregation of erythrocytes, and increase in erythrocyte deformability. In particular, the extract from R. carthamoides contributed to an increase in the hematocrit/blood viscosity, which was indicative of an improvement of the blood overall oxygen transport capacity. In addition, administration of the extract in combination with dosed exercise favored normalization of the lactate and pyruvate concentrations in blood of rats with myocardial infarction.

Distribution of p-tyrosol in organism was studied in rats after a single intravenous administration in a dose of 200 mg/kg. It was shown that p-tyrosol rapidly penetrates into well perfused organs (brain, heart, kidneys). The maximum concentration ofp-tyrosol in these organs was determined in 1 minute after administration, and the mean distribution constant was within 0.8-1.11. The albumin bound fraction ofp-tyrozol amounted to 0.26-0.30.

Hemorheological activity of 4-methyl-2,6-di-isobornyl phenol, a new o-isobornyl phenol derivative, was studied under conditions of experimental prolonged partial cerebral ischemia. Brain ischemia is associated with hemorheological disorders which can be characterized as blood hyperviscosity syndrome: increased viscosity of the whole blood (within a wide range of shear rates), plasma viscosity, fibrinogen content in blood plasma, and platelet aggregation; deterioration of platelet deformability and reduced availability of oxygen for tissues. A course (5 days) of intragastric 4-methyl-2,6-di-isobornyl phenol (100 mg/kg) prevented the development of blood hyperviscosity syndrome by modulating blood macrorheology (reduction of plasma viscosity and fibrinogen content) and microrheology (reduction of erythrocyte aggregation and improvement of their deformability).

We demonstrated in experiments on rats with left coronary artery occlusion that intravenous administration of 20 mg/kg n-tyrosol during ischemia limited manifestations of oxidative stress in myocardial tissue during early post reperfusion period: content of diene and triene conjugates lowered 16 and 20%, respectively. This was associated with higher preservation of cardiomyocytes and reduction of the infarction zone.

Neuroprotective activity of the new sterically hindered phenolic antioxidant 4-methyl-2,6-diisobornylphenol (dibornol) in rats with total transient cerebral ischemia was investigated. Dibornol decreased mortality of rats and the number of animals with severe neurological deficit; moreover, it accelerated restoration of neurological status in the survived rats. Neuroprotective activity of dibornol is based on its ability to diminish lipid peroxidation in ischemic brain, suppress cerebral tissue hypoxia and protect functional activity of endothelium. Improved oxygen delivery was a consequence of reduced hyperviscosity syndrome (enhanced deformability of erythrocytes and their decreased aggregation).

Cerebral ischemia in rats was accompanied by an increase in erythrocyte degradation, which results from changes in lipid composition of their membranes. The content of lipids and phospholipid fraction (phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin, and phosphatidylserine) decreased, while the relative content of lysophospholipids increased in erythrocyte membranes. The course of treatment with Rhaponticum carthamoides extract (150 mg/kg perorally, 5 days) contributed to an increase in the contents of total lipids and phospholipids (primarily of sphingomyelin and phosphatidylserine) and decrease in the ratio of lysophospholipids in the erythrocyte membrane of rats with cerebral ischemia. Morphological characteristics of erythrocytes returned to normal, which manifested in an increase in the number of discocytes and decrease in the count of degenerated cells.

We studied antithrombogenic and antiplatelet properties of 4-methyl-2,6-diisobornyl phenol, a new promising compound belonging to ortho-isobornyl phenol derivatives, under conditions of intravascular thrombosis and acute cerebral ischemia. It was found that 4-methyl-2,6-diisobornyl phenol prevents intravascular thrombus formation by reducing platelet aggregation and improving antiplatelet activity of the vascular wall.

In experiments on rats with left coronary artery occlusion, p-tyrosol (20 mg/kg, intravenously) showed the ability to decrease myocardial electric instability in phase 1b of ventricular arrhythmias: a fraction of rats without arrhythmia was increased by 36%, and the mean value of ventricular arrhythmia index exhibited a 3-fold decrease.

The extract of meadowsweet aerial parts exhibits hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity during experimental toxic CCl(4) hepatitis. This extract improved liver function. Meadowsweet extract in 70% ethanol (100 mg/kg) was most potent and exhibited low toxicity. By several parameters the effectiveness of this extract surpassed that of Carsil.

The hemorheological activity of a dry extract from Rhaponticum (Leuzea) carthamoides (Willd.) Iljin. was studied in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). A 14-day treatment of the test rats with a daily dose of 150 mg/kg improved the rheological characteristics, as manifested by a reduced viscosity of the whole blood and plasma, increased spontaneous erythrocyte aggregation and fibrinogen concentration, and increased erythrocyte deformability and electrophoretic mobility against the untreated control level.

Peroral administration of 70 mg/kg ascovertin and 150 mg/kg Leuzea extract to rats with cerebral ischemia for 5 days prevented destructive changes and decrease in the density of synapses in the cerebral cortex. These preparations activated compensatory and reparative mechanisms underlying plasticity of the synaptic pool, which was realized through hypertrophy and destruction of synaptic contacts. Ascovertin possessed more pronounced cerebroprotective activity than Leuzea extract.

A course of the adaptogen extractum Rhodiola rosea (3.5 ml/kg given per os daily for 8 days). produces am antiarrhythmic effect on models of epinephrine-induced arrhythmia. Blockade of mu-opiate receptors (OR) by naloxone (0.2 mg/kg) and delta-OR by ICI 174.864 (2.5 mg/kg) had no effect on the resistance of the heart of rats adapted to epinephrine. Higher doses of naloxone reduced significantly the antiarrhythmic effect of extr. Rhodiola. The antiarrhythmic effect of the extract is assumed to be related to activation of the opioid system and stimulation of kappa-OR.

Agents and biologically active fractions derived from medical plants grown in Siberia were tested in vitro and in vivo. The extract from the aspen bark displayed the highest antiopisthorchiatic activity. This agent given at a concentration of 10(-3) caused 100% death of Opisthorchis 72 hours later. In golden hamster experiments, the efficiency of the aspen bark extract was 73.48-83.0%. Butanolic and ethylacetatic extracts were found to have the greatest antiopisthorchiatic activity. The results of chemical and chromatographic studies indicated that active fractions contained salicine and its derivatives. The aspen bark extract produces no substantial toxic effect on laboratory animals and belongs to the class "Low-toxic substances".

The effect of electromagnetic field with various modulation frequencies (2, 7, and 50 hertz) on the reaction of selfstimulation was studied in rats. The frequency of 2 hertz proved to cause a primary increase in the incidence of the selstimulation reaction, followed by its depression; the frequency 7 hertz at first failed to alter the selfstimulation intensity and then led to the gradual reduction of the incidence of the selfstimulation reaction; the frequency of 50 hertz depressed the selfstimulation reaction practically from the very beginning. The changes in the selfstimulation reaction were independent of the localization of the stimulating electrodes, but were determined by the frequency of the EMF modulation.