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2. Incidence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Decompensated Liver Cirrhosis and Prognostic Accuracy of the PAGE-B HCC Risk Score in a Low Endemic Hepatitis B Virus Infected Population

Author

Bollerup S, Engsig F, Hallager S, Mocroft A, Roege BT, Christensen PB, Laursen AL, Krarup H, Clausen MR, Thielsen P, Madsen LG, Noerregaard L, Barfod TS, Balslev U, Tarp B, Hansen JB, Mygind LH, Gerstoft J, and Weis N

Subjects
hepatitis b virus, viral hepatitis, scandinavia, morbidity, nationwide., Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Signe Bollerup,1 Frederik Engsig,1 Sofie Hallager,1 Amanda Mocroft,2,3 Birgit T Roege,4 Peer B Christensen,5,6 Alex L Laursen,7 Henrik Krarup,8,9 Mette R Clausen,10 Peter Thielsen,11 Lone G Madsen,12,13 Lars Noerregaard,14 Toke S Barfod,15 Ulla Balslev,16 Britta Tarp,17 Jesper B Hansen,9 Lone H Mygind,18 Jan Gerstoft,13,19 Nina Weis1,13 1Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark; 2Centre for Clinical Research, Epidemiology, Modelling and Evaluation (CREME), Institute for Global Health, UCL, London, England; 3Centre of Excellence for Health, Immunity and Infections (CHIP) and PERSIMUNE, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; 4Department of Internal Medicine, Kolding Hospital, Kolding, Denmark; 5Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; 6Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; 7Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; 8Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; 9Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; 10Department of Medical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; 11Department of Gastroenterology, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark; 12Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Zealand University Hospital, Koege, Denmark; 13Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; 14Department of Lung- and Infectious Diseases, North Zealand Hospital, Hilleroed, Denmark; 15Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark; 16Department of Infectious Diseases, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark; 17Diagnostic Centre, University Research Clinic for Innovative Patient Pathways, Silkeborg Regional Hospital, Silkeborg, Denmark; 18Department of Infectious Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; 19Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, DenmarkCorrespondence: Nina Weis, Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark, Tel: +45 38623514, Email Nina.Weis@regionh.dkPurpose: We aimed to determine incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and decompensated liver cirrhosis in persons with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Denmark stratified by disease phase, liver cirrhosis, and treatment status at baseline. Additionally, we aimed to assess the prognostic value of the PAGE-B HCC risk score in a mainly non-cirrhotic population.Patients and Methods: In this register-based cohort study, we included all individuals over the age of 18, with chronic HBV infection first registered between 2002 and 2016 in at least one of three nationwide registers. The study population was followed until HCC, decompensated liver cirrhosis, death, emigration, or December 31, 2017, which ever came first.Results: Among 6016 individuals included in the study, 10 individuals with and 23 without baseline liver cirrhosis developed HCC during a median follow up of 7.3 years (range 0.0– 15.5). This corresponded to five-year cumulative incidences of 7.1% (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.0– 12.3) and 0.2% (95% CI 0.1– 0.4) in persons with and without baseline liver cirrhosis. The five-year cumulative incidence of decompensated liver cirrhosis was 0.7% (95% CI 0.5– 1.0). Among 2038 evaluated for liver events stratified by disease phase, incidence of HCC was low in all who were non-cirrhotic and untreated for HBV at baseline. PAGE-B score was evaluated in 1529 persons. The 5-year cumulative incidence of HCC was 0, 0.8 (95% CI 0.5– 1.8), and 8.7 (95% CI 1.0– 16.4) in persons scoring < 10, 10– 17 and > 17, respectively (c-statistic 0.91 (95% CI 0.84– 0.98)).Conclusion: We found low incidence of HCC and decompensated liver cirrhosis in persons with chronic HBV infection in Denmark. Moreover, the PAGE-B score showed good accuracy for five-year risk of developing HCC in the population with chronic HBV infection in Denmark.Keywords: hepatitis B virus, viral hepatitis, Scandinavia, morbidity, nationwide

Published
2022

3. Ischemic Heart Disease in Chronic Hepatitis B: A Danish Nationwide Cohort Study

Author

Lau FF, Bollerup S, Engsig F, Krarup H, Mygind LH, Hansen JB, Madsen LG, Thielsen P, Balslev U, Nielsen LN, Barfod TS, Clausen MR, Hobolth L, Laursen AL, Tarp B, Roege BT, Gerstoft J, Christensen PB, and Weis N

Subjects
hepatitis b virus, viral infection, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, ischemic heart disease, cardiovascular disease, general population., Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Frederik Faergemann Lau,1 Signe Bollerup,1 Frederik Engsig,1 Henrik Krarup,2 Lone Hagens Mygind,3 Jesper Bach Hansen,3 Lone Galmstrup Madsen,4,5 Peter Thielsen,6 Ulla Balslev,7 Lars Nørregaard Nielsen,8 Toke S Barfod,9 Mette Rye Clausen,10 Lise Hobolth,11 Alex Lund Laursen,12 Britta Tarp,13 Birgit T Roege,14 Jan Gerstoft,15 Peer Brehm Christensen,16,17 Nina Weis1,5 1Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital-Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark; 2Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; 3Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; 4Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Zealand University Hospital, Koege, Denmark; 5Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; 6Department of Gastroenterology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Herlev, Herlev, Denmark; 7Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital-Herlev, Herlev, Denmark; 8Department of Lung- and Infectious Diseases, North Zealand Hospital-Hilleroed, Hilleroed, Denmark; 9Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark; 10Department of Medical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; 11Department of Gastroenterology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark; 12Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; 13Diagnostic Center, Silkeborg Regional Hospital, Silkeborg, Denmark; 14Department of Internal Medicine, Kolding Hospital, Kolding, Denmark; 15Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; 16Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; 17Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, DenmarkCorrespondence: Nina Weis, Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital – Hvidovre, Kettegaard Alle 30, Hvidovre, DK-2650, Denmark, Tel +45 3862 3514, Email nina.weis@regionh.dkObjective: Data on the risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD) in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (CHB) are conflicting. Our objective was to address the rate of IHD in patients with CHB compared with individuals without CHB (control-persons) from the general population.Study Design and Setting: We conducted a cohort study of prospectively obtained data from Danish nationwide registries. We produced cumulative incidence curves and calculated the unadjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR) of IHD in persons with and without CHB. The adjusted association between having CHB and developing IHD was examined using a cause-specific Cox regression model.Results: In total, 6472 persons with CHB and 62,251 age- and sex-matched individuals from the general population were followed for 48,840 and 567,456 person-years, respectively, during which 103 (1,59%) with CHB and 1058 (1,70%) control-persons developed IHD. The crude IRR was 1.13 (95% CI: 0.91– 1.39). CHB did not have a statistically significant effect on the rate of IHD after adjusting for several confounding factors (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.76– 1.21).Conclusion: In this nationwide cohort study, we did not find any difference between rate of IHD in persons with CHB in comparison with the general population.Keywords: hepatitis B virus, viral infection, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, ischemic heart disease, cardiovascular disease, general population

Published
2022

7. Socioeconomic status in HCV infected patients – risk and prognosis

Author

Oml, LH, Osler M, Jepsen P, Krarup H, Weis N, Christensen PB, Roed C, Sørensen HT, and Obel N

Subjects
Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Lars Haukali Omland,1 Merete Osler,2 Peter Jepsen,3,4 Henrik Krarup,5 Nina Weis,6 Peer Brehm Christensen,7 Casper Roed,1 Henrik Toft Sørensen,3 Niels Obel1 On behalf of the DANVIR Cohort Study1Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; 2Research Center for Prevention and Health, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark; 3Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; 4Department of Medicine V (Hepatology and Gastroenterology), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; 5Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; 6Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark; 7Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, DenmarkBackground and aims: It is unknown whether socioeconomic status (SES) is a risk factor for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection or a prognostic factor following infection.Methods: From Danish nationwide registries, we obtained information on three markers of SES: employment, income, and education. In a case control design, we examined HCV infected patients and controls; conditional logistic regression was employed to obtain odds ratios (ORs) for HCV infection for each of the three SES markers, adjusting for the other two SES markers, comorbidity, and substance abuse. In a cohort design, we used Cox regression analysis to compute mortality rate ratios (MRRs) for each of the three SES markers, adjusting for the other two SES markers, comorbidity level, age, substance abuse, and gender.Results: When compared to employed persons, ORs for HCV infection were 2.71 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.24–3.26) for disability pensioners and 2.24 (95% CI: 1.83–2.72) for the unemployed. When compared to persons with a high income, ORs were 1.64 (95% CI: 1.34–2.01) for low income persons and 1.19 (95% CI: 1.02–1.40) for medium income persons. The OR was 1.35 (95% CI: 1.20–1.52) for low education (no more than basic schooling). When compared to employed patients, MRRs were 1.71 (95% CI: 1.22–2.40) for unemployed patients and 2.24 (95% CI: 1.63–3.08) for disability pensioners. When compared to high income patients, MRRs were 1.47 (95% CI: 1.05–2.05) for medium income patients and 1.64 (95% CI: 1.13–2.34) for low income patients. Educational status was not associated with mortality.Conclusion: Low SES was associated with an increased risk of HCV infection and with poor prognosis in HCV infected patients.Keywords: survival, socioeconomic status, risk factor, prognosis

Published
2013

14. Strategies to manage hepatitis C virus (HCV) disease burden

Author

Wedemeyer, H., Duberg, A. S., Buti, M., Rosenberg, W. M., Frankova, S., Esmat, G., Örmeci, N., Van Vlierberghe, H., Gschwantler, M., Akarca, U., Aleman, S., Balk, İ., Berg, T., Bihl, F., Bilodeau, M., Blasco, A. J., Brandão Mello, C. E., Bruggmann, P., Calinas, F., Calleja, J. L., Cheinquer, H., Christensen, P. B., Clausen, M., Coelho, H. S. M., Cornberg, M., Cramp, M. E., Dore, G. J., Doss, W., El-Sayed, M. H., Ergör, G., Estes, C., Falconer, K., Félix, J., Ferraz, M. L. G., Ferreira, P. R., García-Samaniego, J., Gerstoft, J., Giria, J. A., Gonçales, F. L., Jr, Guimarães Pessôa, M., Hézode, C., Hindman, S. J., Hofer, H., Husa, P., Idilman, R., Kåberg, M., Kaita, K. D. E., Kautz, A., Kaymakoglu, S., Krajden, M., Krarup, H., Laleman, W., Lavanchy, D., Lázaro, P., Marinho, R. T., Marotta, P., Mauss, S., Mendes Correa, M. C., Moreno, C., Müllhaupt, B., Myers, R. P., Nemecek, V., vrehus, A. L. H., Parkes, J., Peltekian, K. M., Ramji, A., Razavi, H., Reis, N., Roberts, S. K., Roudot-Thoraval, F., Ryder, S. D., Sarmento-Castro, R., Sarrazin, C., Semela, D., Sherman, M., Shiha, G. E., Sperl, J., Stärkel, P., Stauber, R. E., Thompson, A. J., Urbanek, P., Van Damme, P., van Thiel, I., Vandijck, D., Vogel, W., Waked, I., Weis, N., Wiegand, J., Yosry, A., Zekry, A., Negro, F., Sievert, W., and Gower, E.

Published
2014
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15. The present and future disease burden of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection with todayʼs treatment paradigm

Author

Razavi, H., Waked, I., Sarrazin, C., Myers, R. P., Idilman, R., Calinas, F., Vogel, W., Mendes Correa, M. C., Hézode, C., Lázaro, P., Akarca, U., Aleman, S., Balk, İ., Berg, T., Bihl, F., Bilodeau, M., Blasco, A. J., Brandão Mello, C. E., Bruggmann, P., Buti, M., Calleja, J. L., Cheinquer, H., Christensen, P. B., Clausen, M., Coelho, H. S. M., Cramp, M. E., Dore, G. J., Doss, W., Duberg, A. S., El-Sayed, M. H., Ergör, G., Esmat, G., Falconer, K., Félix, J., Ferraz, M. L. G., Ferreira, P. R., Frankova, S., García-Samaniego, J., Gerstoft, J., Giria, J. A., Gonçales, F. L., Jr, Gower, E., Gschwantler, M., Guimarães Pessôa, M., Hindman, S. J., Hofer, H., Husa, P., Kåberg, M., Kaita, K. D. E., Kautz, A., Kaymakoglu, S., Krajden, M., Krarup, H., Laleman, W., Lavanchy, D., Marinho, R. T., Marotta, P., Mauss, S., Moreno, C., Murphy, K., Negro, F., Nemecek, V., Örmeci, N., vrehus, A. L. H., Parkes, J., Pasini, K., Peltekian, K. M., Ramji, A., Reis, N., Roberts, S. K., Rosenberg, W. M., Roudot-Thoraval, F., Ryder, S. D., Sarmento-Castro, R., Semela, D., Sherman, M., Shiha, G. E., Sievert, W., Sperl, J., Stärkel, P., Stauber, R. E., Thompson, A. J., Urbanek, P., Van Damme, P., van Thiel, I., Van Vlierberghe, H., Vandijck, D., Wedemeyer, H., Weis, N., Wiegand, J., Yosry, A., Zekry, A., Cornberg, M., Müllhaupt, B., and Estes, C.

Published
2014
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16. Historical epidemiology of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in selected countries

Author

Bruggmann, P., Berg, T., vrehus, A. L. H., Moreno, C., Brandão Mello, C. E., Roudot-Thoraval, F., Marinho, R. T., Sherman, M., Ryder, S. D., Sperl, J., Akarca, U., Balk, İ., Bihl, F., Bilodeau, M., Blasco, A. J., Buti, M., Calinas, F., Calleja, J. L., Cheinquer, H., Christensen, P. B., Clausen, M., Coelho, H. S. M., Cornberg, M., Cramp, M. E., Dore, G. J., Doss, W., Duberg, A. S., El-Sayed, M. H., Ergör, G., Esmat, G., Estes, C., Falconer, K., Félix, J., Ferraz, M. L. G., Ferreira, P. R., Frankova, S., García-Samaniego, J., Gerstoft, J., Giria, J. A., Gonçales, F. L., Jr, Gower, E., Gschwantler, M., Guimarães Pessôa, M., Hézode, C., Hofer, H., Husa, P., Idilman, R., Kåberg, M., Kaita, K. D. E., Kautz, A., Kaymakoglu, S., Krajden, M., Krarup, H., Laleman, W., Lavanchy, D., Lázaro, P., Marotta, P., Mauss, S., Mendes Correa, M. C., Müllhaupt, B., Myers, R. P., Negro, F., Nemecek, V., Örmeci, N., Parkes, J., Peltekian, K. M., Ramji, A., Razavi, H., Reis, N., Roberts, S. K., Rosenberg, W. M., Sarmento-Castro, R., Sarrazin, C., Semela, D., Shiha, G. E., Sievert, W., Stärkel, P., Stauber, R. E., Thompson, A. J., Urbanek, P., van Thiel, I., Van Vlierberghe, H., Vandijck, D., Vogel, W., Waked, I., Wedemeyer, H., Weis, N., Wiegand, J., Yosry, A., Zekry, A., Van Damme, P., Aleman, S., and Hindman, S. J.

Published
2014
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23. Manual versus automated actuation of nasal sprays

Author

Kippax, P.G., Krarup, H., and Suman, Julie D.

Subjects
Technology application, Research, Drugs, Medical research, Drug wholesalers, Medicine, Experimental
Abstract

Nasal sprays are designed to deliver a precise drug dose to the correct absorption site within the nasal mucosa. The spray pump produces the droplet-size distribution, which must be optimized [...]

Published
2004

32. Immune-escape mutations and stop-codons in HBsAg develop in a large proportion of patients with chronic HBV infection exposed to anti-HBV drugs in Europe

Author

Colagrossi, L. Hermans, L.E. Salpini, R. Di Carlo, D. Pas, S.D. Alvarez, M. Ben-Ari, Z. Boland, G. Bruzzone, B. Coppola, N. Seguin-Devaux, C. Dyda, T. Garcia, F. Kaiser, R. Köse, S. Krarup, H. Lazarevic, I. Lunar, M.M. Maylin, S. Micheli, V. Mor, O. Paraschiv, S. Paraskevis, D. Poljak, M. Puchhammer-Stöckl, E. Simon, F. Stanojevic, M. Stene-Johansen, K. Tihic, N. Trimoulet, P. Verheyen, J. Vince, A. Lepej, S.Z. Weis, N. Yalcinkaya, T. Boucher, C.A.B. Wensing, A.M.J. Perno, C.F. Svicher, V. HEPVIR working group of the European Society for translational antiviral research (ESAR)

Abstract

Background: HBsAg immune-escape mutations can favor HBV-transmission also in vaccinated individuals, promote immunosuppression-driven HBV-reactivation, and increase fitness of drug-resistant strains. Stop-codons can enhance HBV oncogenic-properties. Furthermore, as a consequence of the overlapping structure of HBV genome, some immune-escape mutations or stop-codons in HBsAg can derive from drug-resistance mutations in RT. This study is aimed at gaining insight in prevalence and characteristics of immune-associated escape mutations, and stop-codons in HBsAg in chronically HBV-infected patients experiencing nucleos(t)ide analogues (NA) in Europe. Methods: This study analyzed 828 chronically HBV-infected European patients exposed to ≥ 1 NA, with detectable HBV-DNA and with an available HBsAg-sequence. The immune-associated escape mutations and the NA-induced immune-escape mutations sI195M, sI196S, and sE164D (resulting from drug-resistance mutation rtM204 V, rtM204I, and rtV173L) were retrieved from literature and examined. Mutations were defined as an aminoacid substitution with respect to a genotype A or D reference sequence. Results: At least one immune-associated escape mutation was detected in 22.1% of patients with rising temporal-trend. By multivariable-analysis, genotype-D correlated with higher selection of ≥ 1 immune-associated escape mutation (OR[95%CI]:2.20[1.32-3.67], P = 0.002). In genotype-D, the presence of ≥ 1 immune-associated escape mutations was significantly higher in drug-exposed patients with drug-resistant strains than with wild-type virus (29.5% vs 20.3% P = 0.012). Result confirmed by analysing drug-naïve patients (29.5% vs 21.2%, P = 0.032). Strong correlation was observed between sP120T and rtM204I/V (P < 0.001), and their co-presence determined an increased HBV-DNA. At least one NA-induced immune-escape mutation occurred in 28.6% of patients, and their selection correlated with genotype-A (OR[95%CI]:2.03[1.32-3.10],P = 0.001). Finally, stop-codons are present in 8.4% of patients also at HBsAg-positions 172 and 182, described to enhance viral oncogenic-properties. Conclusions: Immune-escape mutations and stop-codons develop in a large fraction of NA-exposed patients from Europe. This may represent a potential threat for horizontal and vertical HBV transmission also to vaccinated persons, and fuel drug-resistance emergence. © 2018 The Author(s).

Published
2018

34. HIV, TB, inflammation and other correlates of serum phosphate:A cross-sectional study

Author

Friis, Henrik, Range, N S, Changalucha, J, PrayGod, George Amani, Jeremiah, K, Faurholt-Jepsen, Daniel, Krarup, H B, Andersen, Andreas Bok, Kæstel, Pernille, Filteau, S, Friis, Henrik, Range, N S, Changalucha, J, PrayGod, George Amani, Jeremiah, K, Faurholt-Jepsen, Daniel, Krarup, H B, Andersen, Andreas Bok, Kæstel, Pernille, and Filteau, S

Published
2018

35. Immune-escape mutations and stop-codons in HBsAg develop in a large proportion of patients with chronic HBV infection exposed to anti-HBV drugs in Europe

Author

Colagrossi, L, Hermans, Lucas, Salpini, R, Di Carlo, D, Pas, Suzan, Alvarez, M, Ben-Ari, Z, Boland, G, Bruzzone, B, Coppola, N, Seguin-Devaux, C, Dyda, T, Garcia, F, Kaiser, R, Kose, S, Krarup, H, Lazarevic, I, Lunar, MM, Maylin, S, Micheli, V, Mor, O, Paraschiv, S, Paraskevis, D, Poljak, M, Puchhammer-Stockl, E, Simon, F, Stanojevic, M, Stene-Johansen, K, Tihic, N, Trimoulet, P, Verheyen, J, Vince, A, Lepej, SZ, Weis, N, Yalcinkaya, T, Boucher, Charles, Wensing, AMJ, Perno, CF, Svicher, V, Colagrossi, L, Hermans, Lucas, Salpini, R, Di Carlo, D, Pas, Suzan, Alvarez, M, Ben-Ari, Z, Boland, G, Bruzzone, B, Coppola, N, Seguin-Devaux, C, Dyda, T, Garcia, F, Kaiser, R, Kose, S, Krarup, H, Lazarevic, I, Lunar, MM, Maylin, S, Micheli, V, Mor, O, Paraschiv, S, Paraskevis, D, Poljak, M, Puchhammer-Stockl, E, Simon, F, Stanojevic, M, Stene-Johansen, K, Tihic, N, Trimoulet, P, Verheyen, J, Vince, A, Lepej, SZ, Weis, N, Yalcinkaya, T, Boucher, Charles, Wensing, AMJ, Perno, CF, and Svicher, V

Published
2018

38. Global prevalence and genotype distribution of hepatitis C virus infection in 2015: A modelling study

Author

Blach, S. Zeuzem, S. Manns, M. Altraif, I. Duberg, A.-S. Muljono, D.H. Waked, I. Alavian, S.M. Lee, M.-H. Negro, F. Abaalkhail, F. Abdou, A. Abdulla, M. Abou Rached, A. Aho, I. Akarca, U. Al Ghazzawi, I. Al Kaabi, S. Al Lawati, F. Al Namaani, K. Al Serkal, Y. Al-Busafi, S.A. Al-Dabal, L. Aleman, S. Alghamdi, A.S. Aljumah, A.A. Al-Romaihi, H.E. Andersson, M.I. Arendt, V. Arkkila, P. Assiri, A.M. Baatarkhuu, O. Bane, A. Ben-Ari, Z. Bergin, C. Bessone, F. Bihl, F. Bizri, A.R. Blachier, M. Blasco, A.J. Brandao Mello, C.E. Bruggmann, P. Brunton, C.R. Calinas, F. Chan, H.L.Y. Chaudhry, A. Cheinquer, H. Chen, C.-J. Chien, R.-N. Choi, M.S. Christensen, P.B. Chuang, W.-L. Chulanov, V. Cisneros, L. Clausen, M.R. Cramp, M.E. Craxi, A. Croes, E.A. Dalgard, O. Daruich, J.R. De Ledinghen, V. Dore, G.J. El-Sayed, M.H. Ergor, G. Esmat, G. Estes, C. Falconer, K. Farag, E. Ferraz, M.L.G. Ferreira, P.R. Flisiak, R. Frankova, S. Gamkrelidze, I. Gane, E. Garcia-Samaniego, J. Khan, A.G. Gountas, I. Goldis, A. Gottfredsson, M. Grebely, J. Gschwantler, M. Guimaraes Pessoa, M. Gunter, J. Hajarizadeh, B. Hajelssedig, O. Hamid, S. Hamoudi, W. Hatzakis, A. Himatt, S.M. Hofer, H. Hrstic, I. Hui, Y.-T. Hunyady, B. Idilman, R. Jafri, W. Jahis, R. Janjua, N.Z. Jarčuška, P. Jeruma, A. Jonasson, J.G. Kamel, Y. Kao, J.-H. Kaymakoglu, S. Kershenobich, D. Khamis, J. Kim, Y.S. Kondili, L. Koutoubi, Z. Krajden, M. Krarup, H. Lai, M.-S. Laleman, W. Lao, W.-C. Lavanchy, D. Lazaro, P. Leleu, H. Lesi, O. Lesmana, L.A. Li, M. Liakina, V. Lim, Y.-S. Luksic, B. Mahomed, A. Maimets, M. Makara, M. Malu, A.O. Marinho, R.T. Marotta, P. Mauss, S. Memon, M.S. Mendes Correa, M.C. Mendez-Sanchez, N. Merat, S. Metwally, A.M. Mohamed, R. Moreno, C. Mourad, F.H. Mullhaupt, B. Murphy, K. Nde, H. Njouom, R. Nonkovic, D. Norris, S. Obekpa, S. Oguche, S. Olafsson, S. Oltman, M. Omede, O. Omuemu, C. Opare-Sem, O. Ovrehus, A.L.H. Owusu-Ofori, S. Oyunsuren, T.S. Papatheodoridis, G. Pasini, K. Peltekian, K.M. Phillips, R.O. Pimenov, N. Poustchi, H. Prabdial-Sing, N. Qureshi, H. Ramji, A. Razavi-Shearer, D. Razavi-Shearer, K. Redae, B. Reesink, H.W. Ridruejo, E. Robbins, S. Roberts, L.R. Roberts, S.K. Rosenberg, W.M. Roudot-Thoraval, F. Ryder, S.D. Safadi, R. Sagalova, O. Salupere, R. Sanai, F.M. Sanchez Avila, J.F. Saraswat, V. Sarmento-Castro, R. Sarrazin, C. Schmelzer, J.D. Schreter, I. Seguin-Devaux, C. Shah, S.R. Sharara, A.I. Sharma, M. Shevaldin, A. Shiha, G.E. Sievert, W. Sonderup, M. Souliotis, K. Speiciene, D. Sperl, J. Starkel, P. Stauber, R.E. Stedman, C. Struck, D. Su, T.-H. Sypsa, V. Tan, S.-S. Tanaka, J. Thompson, A.J. Tolmane, I. Tomasiewicz, K. Valantinas, J. Van Damme, P. Van Der Meer, A.J. Van Thiel, I. Van Vlierberghe, H. Vince, A. Vogel, W. Wedemeyer, H. Weis, N. Wong, V.W.S. Yaghi, C. Yosry, A. Yuen, M.-F. Yunihastuti, E. Yusuf, A. Zuckerman, E. Razavi, H. The Polaris Observatory HCV Collaborators

Abstract

Background The 69th World Health Assembly approved the Global Health Sector Strategy to eliminate hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection by 2030, which can become a reality with the recent launch of direct acting antiviral therapies. Reliable disease burden estimates are required for national strategies. This analysis estimates the global prevalence of viraemic HCV at the end of 2015, an update of—and expansion on—the 2014 analysis, which reported 80 million (95% CI 64–103) viraemic infections in 2013. Methods We developed country-level disease burden models following a systematic review of HCV prevalence (number of studies, n=6754) and genotype (n=11 342) studies published after 2013. A Delphi process was used to gain country expert consensus and validate inputs. Published estimates alone were used for countries where expert panel meetings could not be scheduled. Global prevalence was estimated using regional averages for countries without data. Findings Models were built for 100 countries, 59 of which were approved by country experts, with the remaining 41 estimated using published data alone. The remaining countries had insufficient data to create a model. The global prevalence of viraemic HCV is estimated to be 1·0% (95% uncertainty interval 0·8–1·1) in 2015, corresponding to 71·1 million (62·5–79·4) viraemic infections. Genotypes 1 and 3 were the most common cause of infections (44% and 25%, respectively). Interpretation The global estimate of viraemic infections is lower than previous estimates, largely due to more recent (lower) prevalence estimates in Africa. Additionally, increased mortality due to liver-related causes and an ageing population may have contributed to a reduction in infections. Funding John C Martin Foundation. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd

Published
2017

39. Hepatitis C virus prevalence and level of intervention required to achieve the WHO targets for elimination in the European Union by 2030: a modelling study

Author

Razavi, H. Robbins, S. Zeuzem, S. Negro, F. Buti, M. Duberg, A. Roudot-Thoraval, F. Craxi, A. Manns, M. Marinho, R.T. Hunyady, B. Colombo, M. Aleman, S. Antonov, K. Arkkila, P. Athanasakis, K. Blach, S. Blachier, M. Blasco, A.J. Calinas, F. Calleja, J.L. Christensen, P.B. Cramp, M.E. Croes, E. de Knegt, R.J. de Ledinghen, V. Delile, J.-M. Estes, C. Falconer, K. Färkkilä, M. Flisiak, R. Frankova, S. Gamkrelidze, I. García-Samaniego, J. Genov, J. Gerstoft, J. Gheorghe, L. Goldis, A. Gountas, I. Gregorčič, S. Gschwantler, M. Gunter, J. Halota, W. Harcouet, L. Hézode, C. Hoffmann, P. Horvath, G. Hrstic, I. Jarčuška, P. Jelev, D. Jeruma, A. Kåberg, M. Kieran, J. Kondili, L.A. Kotzev, I. Krarup, H. Kristian, P. Lagging, M. Laleman, W. Lázaro, P. Liakina, V. Lukšić, B. Maimets, M. Makara, M. Mateva, L. Maticic, M. Mennini, F.S. Mitova, R. Moreno, C. Mossong, J. Murphy, K. Nde, H. Nemecek, V. Nonkovic, D. Norris, S. Oltman, M. Øvrehus, A.L.H. Papatheodoridis, G. Pasini, K. Razavi-Shearer, D. Razavi-Shearer, K. Reesink, H.W. Reic, T. Rozentale, B. Ryder, S.D. Salupere, R. Sarmento-Castro, R. Sarrazin, C. Schmelzer, J.D. Schréter, I. Seguin-Devaux, C. Simojoki, K. Simonova, M. Smit, P.J. Souliotis, K. Speiciene, D. Sperl, J. Stärkel, P. Struck, D. Sypsa, V. Thornton, L. Tolmane, I. Tomasiewicz, K. Valantinas, J. Van Damme, P. van de Vijver, D. van der Meer, A.J. van Santen, D. Van Vlierberghe, H. Vandijck, D. Vella, S. Videčnik-Zorman, J. Vogel, W. Weis, N. Hatzakis, A. The European Union HCV Collaborators

Abstract

Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a leading cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. In the European Union (EU), treatment and cure of HCV with direct-acting antiviral therapies began in 2014. WHO targets are to achieve a 65% reduction in liver-related deaths, a 90% reduction of new viral hepatitis infections, and 90% of patients with viral hepatitis infections being diagnosed by 2030. This study assessed the prevalence of HCV in the EU and the level of intervention required to achieve WHO targets for HCV elimination. Methods We populated country Markov models for the 28 EU countries through a literature search of PubMed and Embase between Jan 1, 2000, and March 31, 2016, and a Delphi process to gain expert consensus and validate inputs. We aggregated country models to create a regional EU model. We used the EU model to forecast HCV disease progression (considering the effect of immigration) and developed a strategy to acehive WHO targets. We used weighted average sustained viral response rates and fibrosis restrictions to model the effect of current therapeutic guidelines. We used the EU model to forecast HCV disease progression (considering the effect of immigration) under current screening and therapeutic guidelines. Additionally, we back-calculated the total number of patients needing to be screened and treated to achieve WHO targets. Findings We estimated the number of viraemic HCV infections in 2015 to be 3 238 000 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 2 106 000–3 795 000) of a total population of 509 868 000 in the EU, equating to a prevalence of viraemic HCV of 0·64% (95% UI 0·41–0·74). We estimated that 1 180 000 (95% UI 1 003 000–1 357 000) people were diagnosed with viraemia (36·4%), 150 000 (12 000–180 000) were treated (4·6% of the total infected population or 12·7% of the diagnosed population), 133 000 (106 000–160 000) were cured (4·1%), and 57 900 (43 900–67 300) were newly infected (1·8%) in 2015. Additionally, 30 400 (26 600–42 500) HCV-positive immigrants entered the EU. To achieve WHO targets, unrestricted treatment needs to increase from 150 000 patients in 2015 to 187 000 patients in 2025 and diagnosis needs to increase from 88 800 new cases annually in 2015 to 180 000 in 2025. Interpretation Given its advanced health-care infrastructure, the EU is uniquely poised to eliminate HCV; however, expansion of screening programmes is essential to increase treatment to achieve the WHO targets. A united effort, grounded in sound epidemiological evidence, will also be necessary. Funding Gilead Sciences. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd

Published
2017

40. IMMUNE-ESCAPE MUTATIONS AND STOP-CODONS IN HBSAG CIRCULATES IN A RELEVANT PROPORTION OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HBV INFECTION EXPOSED TO ANTI-HBV DRUGS IN EUROPE: IMPLICATIONS FOR HBV TRANSMISSION IN THE SETTING OF VACCINATION AND DISEASE PROGRESSION

Author

Colagrossi, L. Hermans, L. E. Salpini, R. Pas, S. D. and Alvarez, M. Ben Ari, Z. Boland, G. Bruzzone, B. Coppola, N. Seguin-Devaux, C. Dyda, T. Garcia, F. Kaiser, R. and Kose, S. Krarup, H. Lazarevic, I. Lunar, M. M. Maylin, S. Micheli, V. Mor, O. Paraschiv, S. Paraskevis, D. and Poljak, M. Puchhammer-Stoeckl, E. Simon, F. Stanojevic, M. and Stene-Johansen, K. Tihic, N. Trimoulet, P. Verheyen, J. and Vince, A. Weis, N. Yalcinkaya, T. Lepej, S. Z. and Boucher, C. A. Wensing, A. M. Perno, C. F. Svicher, V. and European Soc Translational

Published
2016

41. Combined analysis of the prevalence of drug-resistant Hepatitis B virus in antiviral therapy-experienced patients in Europe (CAPRE)

Author

Hermans, L.E. Svicher, V. Pas, S.D. Salpini, R. Alvarez, M. Ben Ari, Z. Boland, G. Bruzzone, B. Coppola, N. Seguin-Devaux, C. Dyda, T. Garcia, F. Kaiser, R. Köse, S. Krarup, H. Lazarevic, I. Lunar, M.M. Maylin, S. Micheli, V. Mor, O. Paraschiv, S. Paraskevis, D. Poljak, M. Puchhammer-Stöckl, E. Simon, F. Stanojevic, M. Stene-Johansen, K. Tihic, N. Trimoulet, P. Verheyen, J. Vince, A. Weis, N. Yalcinkaya, T. Lepej, S.Z. Perno, C. Boucher, C.A.B. Wensing, A.M.J.

Abstract

Background European guidelines recommend treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus infection (CHB) with the nucleos(t)ide analogs (NAs) entecavir or tenofovir. However, many European CHB patients have been exposed to other NAs, which are associated with therapy failure and resistance. The CAPRE study was performed to gain insight in prevalence and characteristics of NA resistance in Europe. Methods A survey was performed on genotypic resistance testing results acquired during routine monitoring of CHB patients with detectable serum hepatitis B virus DNA in European tertiary referral centers. Results Data from 1568 patients were included. The majority (73.8%) were exposed to lamivudine monotherapy. Drug-resistant strains were detected in 52.7%. The most frequently encountered primary mutation was M204V/I (48.7%), followed by A181T/V (3.8%) and N236T (2.6%). In patients exposed to entecavir (n = 102), full resistance was present in 35.3%. Independent risk factors for resistance were age, viral load, and lamivudine exposure (P

Published
2016

45. Global prevalence and genotype distribution of hepatitis C virus infection in 2015: A modelling study

Author

Blach, S. Zeuzem, S. Manns, M. Altraif, I. Duberg, A.-S. Muljono, D.H. Waked, I. Alavian, S.M. Lee, M.-H. Negro, F. Abaalkhail, F. Abdou, A. Abdulla, M. Abou Rached, A. Aho, I. Akarca, U. Al Ghazzawi, I. Al Kaabi, S. Al Lawati, F. Al Namaani, K. Al Serkal, Y. Al-Busafi, S.A. Al-Dabal, L. Aleman, S. Alghamdi, A.S. Aljumah, A.A. Al-Romaihi, H.E. Andersson, M.I. Arendt, V. Arkkila, P. Assiri, A.M. Baatarkhuu, O. Bane, A. Ben-Ari, Z. Bergin, C. Bessone, F. Bihl, F. Bizri, A.R. Blachier, M. Blasco, A.J. Brandao Mello, C.E. Bruggmann, P. Brunton, C.R. Calinas, F. Chan, H.L.Y. Chaudhry, A. Cheinquer, H. Chen, C.-J. Chien, R.-N. Choi, M.S. Christensen, P.B. Chuang, W.-L. Chulanov, V. Cisneros, L. Clausen, M.R. Cramp, M.E. Craxi, A. Croes, E.A. Dalgard, O. Daruich, J.R. De Ledinghen, V. Dore, G.J. El-Sayed, M.H. Ergor, G. Esmat, G. Estes, C. Falconer, K. Farag, E. Ferraz, M.L.G. Ferreira, P.R. Flisiak, R. Frankova, S. Gamkrelidze, I. Gane, E. Garcia-Samaniego, J. Khan, A.G. Gountas, I. Goldis, A. Gottfredsson, M. Grebely, J. Gschwantler, M. Guimaraes Pessoa, M. Gunter, J. Hajarizadeh, B. Hajelssedig, O. Hamid, S. Hamoudi, W. Hatzakis, A. Himatt, S.M. Hofer, H. Hrstic, I. Hui, Y.-T. Hunyady, B. Idilman, R. Jafri, W. Jahis, R. Janjua, N.Z. Jarčuška, P. Jeruma, A. Jonasson, J.G. Kamel, Y. Kao, J.-H. Kaymakoglu, S. Kershenobich, D. Khamis, J. Kim, Y.S. Kondili, L. Koutoubi, Z. Krajden, M. Krarup, H. Lai, M.-S. Laleman, W. Lao, W.-C. Lavanchy, D. Lazaro, P. Leleu, H. Lesi, O. Lesmana, L.A. Li, M. Liakina, V. Lim, Y.-S. Luksic, B. Mahomed, A. Maimets, M. Makara, M. Malu, A.O. Marinho, R.T. Marotta, P. Mauss, S. Memon, M.S. Mendes Correa, M.C. Mendez-Sanchez, N. Merat, S. Metwally, A.M. Mohamed, R. Moreno, C. Mourad, F.H. Mullhaupt, B. Murphy, K. Nde, H. Njouom, R. Nonkovic, D. Norris, S. Obekpa, S. Oguche, S. Olafsson, S. Oltman, M. Omede, O. Omuemu, C. Opare-Sem, O. Ovrehus, A.L.H. Owusu-Ofori, S. Oyunsuren, T.S. Papatheodoridis, G. Pasini, K. Peltekian, K.M. Phillips, R.O. Pimen and Blach, S. Zeuzem, S. Manns, M. Altraif, I. Duberg, A.-S. Muljono, D.H. Waked, I. Alavian, S.M. Lee, M.-H. Negro, F. Abaalkhail, F. Abdou, A. Abdulla, M. Abou Rached, A. Aho, I. Akarca, U. Al Ghazzawi, I. Al Kaabi, S. Al Lawati, F. Al Namaani, K. Al Serkal, Y. Al-Busafi, S.A. Al-Dabal, L. Aleman, S. Alghamdi, A.S. Aljumah, A.A. Al-Romaihi, H.E. Andersson, M.I. Arendt, V. Arkkila, P. Assiri, A.M. Baatarkhuu, O. Bane, A. Ben-Ari, Z. Bergin, C. Bessone, F. Bihl, F. Bizri, A.R. Blachier, M. Blasco, A.J. Brandao Mello, C.E. Bruggmann, P. Brunton, C.R. Calinas, F. Chan, H.L.Y. Chaudhry, A. Cheinquer, H. Chen, C.-J. Chien, R.-N. Choi, M.S. Christensen, P.B. Chuang, W.-L. Chulanov, V. Cisneros, L. Clausen, M.R. Cramp, M.E. Craxi, A. Croes, E.A. Dalgard, O. Daruich, J.R. De Ledinghen, V. Dore, G.J. El-Sayed, M.H. Ergor, G. Esmat, G. Estes, C. Falconer, K. Farag, E. Ferraz, M.L.G. Ferreira, P.R. Flisiak, R. Frankova, S. Gamkrelidze, I. Gane, E. Garcia-Samaniego, J. Khan, A.G. Gountas, I. Goldis, A. Gottfredsson, M. Grebely, J. Gschwantler, M. Guimaraes Pessoa, M. Gunter, J. Hajarizadeh, B. Hajelssedig, O. Hamid, S. Hamoudi, W. Hatzakis, A. Himatt, S.M. Hofer, H. Hrstic, I. Hui, Y.-T. Hunyady, B. Idilman, R. Jafri, W. Jahis, R. Janjua, N.Z. Jarčuška, P. Jeruma, A. Jonasson, J.G. Kamel, Y. Kao, J.-H. Kaymakoglu, S. Kershenobich, D. Khamis, J. Kim, Y.S. Kondili, L. Koutoubi, Z. Krajden, M. Krarup, H. Lai, M.-S. Laleman, W. Lao, W.-C. Lavanchy, D. Lazaro, P. Leleu, H. Lesi, O. Lesmana, L.A. Li, M. Liakina, V. Lim, Y.-S. Luksic, B. Mahomed, A. Maimets, M. Makara, M. Malu, A.O. Marinho, R.T. Marotta, P. Mauss, S. Memon, M.S. Mendes Correa, M.C. Mendez-Sanchez, N. Merat, S. Metwally, A.M. Mohamed, R. Moreno, C. Mourad, F.H. Mullhaupt, B. Murphy, K. Nde, H. Njouom, R. Nonkovic, D. Norris, S. Obekpa, S. Oguche, S. Olafsson, S. Oltman, M. Omede, O. Omuemu, C. Opare-Sem, O. Ovrehus, A.L.H. Owusu-Ofori, S. Oyunsuren, T.S. Papatheodoridis, G. Pasini, K. Peltekian, K.M. Phillips, R.O. Pimen

Abstract

Background The 69th World Health Assembly approved the Global Health Sector Strategy to eliminate hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection by 2030, which can become a reality with the recent launch of direct acting antiviral therapies. Reliable disease burden estimates are required for national strategies. This analysis estimates the global prevalence of viraemic HCV at the end of 2015, an update of—and expansion on—the 2014 analysis, which reported 80 million (95% CI 64–103) viraemic infections in 2013. Methods We developed country-level disease burden models following a systematic review of HCV prevalence (number of studies, n=6754) and genotype (n=11 342) studies published after 2013. A Delphi process was used to gain country expert consensus and validate inputs. Published estimates alone were used for countries where expert panel meetings could not be scheduled. Global prevalence was estimated using regional averages for countries without data. Findings Models were built for 100 countries, 59 of which were approved by country experts, with the remaining 41 estimated using published data alone. The remaining countries had insufficient data to create a model. The global prevalence of viraemic HCV is estimated to be 1·0% (95% uncertainty interval 0·8–1·1) in 2015, corresponding to 71·1 million (62·5–79·4) viraemic infections. Genotypes 1 and 3 were the most common cause of infections (44% and 25%, respectively). Interpretation The global estimate of viraemic infections is lower than previous estimates, largely due to more recent (lower) prevalence estimates in Africa. Additionally, increased mortality due to liver-related causes and an ageing population may have contributed to a reduction in infections. Funding John C Martin Foundation. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd

Published
2017

46. Global prevalence and genotype distribution of hepatitis C virus infection in 2015: A modelling study.

Author

Farag E., De Ledinghen V., Dore G.J., Papatheodoridis G., Pasini K., Peltekian K.M., Phillips R.O., Pimenov N., Poustchi H., Prabdial-Sing N., Qureshi H., Ramji A., Razavi-Shearer D., Razavi-Shearer K., Redae B., Reesink H.W., Ridruejo E., Robbins S., Roberts L.R., Roberts S.K., Rosenberg W.M., Roudot-Thoraval F., Ryder S.D., Safadi R., Sagalova O., Salupere R., Sanai F.M., Sanchez Avila J.F., Saraswat V., Sarmento-Castro R., Sarrazin C., Schmelzer J.D., Schreter I., Seguin-Devaux C., Shah S.R., Sharara A.I., Sharma M., Shevaldin A., Shiha G.E., Sonderup M., Souliotis K., Speiciene D., Sperl J., Starkel P., Stauber R.E., Stedman C., Struck D., Su T.-H., Sypsa V., Tan S.-S., Tanaka J., Thompson A.J., Tolmane I., Tomasiewicz K., Valantinas J., Van Damme P., Van Der Meer A.J., Van Thiel I., Van Vlierberghe H., Vince A., Vogel W., Wedemeyer H., Weis N., Wong V.W.S., Yaghi C., Yosry A., Yuen M.-F., Yunihastuti E., Yusuf A., Zuckerman E., Razavi H., Sievert W., Blach S., Zeuzem S., Manns M., Altraif I., Duberg A.-S., Muljono D.H., Waked I., Alavian S.M., Lee M.-H., Negro F., Abaalkhail F., Abdou A., Abdulla M., Abou Rached A., Aho I., Akarca U., Al Ghazzawi I., Al Kaabi S., Al Lawati F., Al Namaani K., Al Serkal Y., Al-Busafi S.A., Al-Dabal L., Aleman S., Alghamdi A.S., Aljumah A.A., Al-Romaihi H.E., Andersson M.I., Arendt V., Arkkila P., Assiri A.M., Baatarkhuu O., Bane A., Ben-Ari Z., Bergin C., Bessone F., Bihl F., Bizri A.R., Blachier M., Blasco A.J., Brandao Mello C.E., Bruggmann P., Brunton C.R., Calinas F., Chan H.L.Y., Chaudhry A., Cheinquer H., Chen C.-J., Chien R.-N., Choi M.S., Christensen P.B., Chuang W.-L., Chulanov V., Cisneros L., Clausen M.R., Cramp M.E., Craxi A., Croes E.A., Dalgard O., Daruich J.R., El-Sayed M.H., Ergor G., Esmat G., Estes C., Falconer K., Ferraz M.L.G., Ferreira P.R., Flisiak R., Frankova S., Gamkrelidze I., Gane E., Garcia-Samaniego J., Khan A.G., Gountas I., Goldis A., Gottfredsson M., Grebely J., Gschwantler M., Guimaraes Pessoa M., Gunter J., Hajarizadeh B., Hajelssedig O., Hamid S., Hamoudi W., Hatzakis A., Himatt S.M., Hofer H., Hrstic I., Hui Y.-T., Hunyady B., Idilman R., Jafri W., Jahis R., Janjua N.Z., Jarcuska P., Jeruma A., Jonasson J.G., Kamel Y., Kao J.-H., Kaymakoglu S., Kershenobich D., Khamis J., Kim Y.S., Kondili L., Koutoubi Z., Krajden M., Krarup H., Lai M.-S., Laleman W., Lao W.-C., Lavanchy D., Lazaro P., Leleu H., Lesi O., Lesmana L.A., Li M., Liakina V., Lim Y.-S., Luksic B., Mahomed A., Maimets M., Makara M., Malu A.O., Marinho R.T., Marotta P., Mauss S., Memon M.S., Mendes Correa M.C., Mendez-Sanchez N., Merat S., Metwally A.M., Mohamed R., Moreno C., Mourad F.H., Mullhaupt B., Murphy K., Nde H., Njouom R., Nonkovic D., Norris S., Obekpa S., Oguche S., Olafsson S., Oltman M., Omede O., Omuemu C., Opare-Sem O., Ovrehus A.L.H., Owusu-Ofori S., Oyunsuren T.S., Farag E., De Ledinghen V., Dore G.J., Papatheodoridis G., Pasini K., Peltekian K.M., Phillips R.O., Pimenov N., Poustchi H., Prabdial-Sing N., Qureshi H., Ramji A., Razavi-Shearer D., Razavi-Shearer K., Redae B., Reesink H.W., Ridruejo E., Robbins S., Roberts L.R., Roberts S.K., Rosenberg W.M., Roudot-Thoraval F., Ryder S.D., Safadi R., Sagalova O., Salupere R., Sanai F.M., Sanchez Avila J.F., Saraswat V., Sarmento-Castro R., Sarrazin C., Schmelzer J.D., Schreter I., Seguin-Devaux C., Shah S.R., Sharara A.I., Sharma M., Shevaldin A., Shiha G.E., Sonderup M., Souliotis K., Speiciene D., Sperl J., Starkel P., Stauber R.E., Stedman C., Struck D., Su T.-H., Sypsa V., Tan S.-S., Tanaka J., Thompson A.J., Tolmane I., Tomasiewicz K., Valantinas J., Van Damme P., Van Der Meer A.J., Van Thiel I., Van Vlierberghe H., Vince A., Vogel W., Wedemeyer H., Weis N., Wong V.W.S., Yaghi C., Yosry A., Yuen M.-F., Yunihastuti E., Yusuf A., Zuckerman E., Razavi H., Sievert W., Blach S., Zeuzem S., Manns M., Altraif I., Duberg A.-S., Muljono D.H., Waked I., Alavian S.M., Lee M.-H., Negro F., Abaalkhail F., Abdou A., Abdulla M., Abou Rached A., Aho I., Akarca U., Al Ghazzawi I., Al Kaabi S., Al Lawati F., Al Namaani K., Al Serkal Y., Al-Busafi S.A., Al-Dabal L., Aleman S., Alghamdi A.S., Aljumah A.A., Al-Romaihi H.E., Andersson M.I., Arendt V., Arkkila P., Assiri A.M., Baatarkhuu O., Bane A., Ben-Ari Z., Bergin C., Bessone F., Bihl F., Bizri A.R., Blachier M., Blasco A.J., Brandao Mello C.E., Bruggmann P., Brunton C.R., Calinas F., Chan H.L.Y., Chaudhry A., Cheinquer H., Chen C.-J., Chien R.-N., Choi M.S., Christensen P.B., Chuang W.-L., Chulanov V., Cisneros L., Clausen M.R., Cramp M.E., Craxi A., Croes E.A., Dalgard O., Daruich J.R., El-Sayed M.H., Ergor G., Esmat G., Estes C., Falconer K., Ferraz M.L.G., Ferreira P.R., Flisiak R., Frankova S., Gamkrelidze I., Gane E., Garcia-Samaniego J., Khan A.G., Gountas I., Goldis A., Gottfredsson M., Grebely J., Gschwantler M., Guimaraes Pessoa M., Gunter J., Hajarizadeh B., Hajelssedig O., Hamid S., Hamoudi W., Hatzakis A., Himatt S.M., Hofer H., Hrstic I., Hui Y.-T., Hunyady B., Idilman R., Jafri W., Jahis R., Janjua N.Z., Jarcuska P., Jeruma A., Jonasson J.G., Kamel Y., Kao J.-H., Kaymakoglu S., Kershenobich D., Khamis J., Kim Y.S., Kondili L., Koutoubi Z., Krajden M., Krarup H., Lai M.-S., Laleman W., Lao W.-C., Lavanchy D., Lazaro P., Leleu H., Lesi O., Lesmana L.A., Li M., Liakina V., Lim Y.-S., Luksic B., Mahomed A., Maimets M., Makara M., Malu A.O., Marinho R.T., Marotta P., Mauss S., Memon M.S., Mendes Correa M.C., Mendez-Sanchez N., Merat S., Metwally A.M., Mohamed R., Moreno C., Mourad F.H., Mullhaupt B., Murphy K., Nde H., Njouom R., Nonkovic D., Norris S., Obekpa S., Oguche S., Olafsson S., Oltman M., Omede O., Omuemu C., Opare-Sem O., Ovrehus A.L.H., Owusu-Ofori S., and Oyunsuren T.S.

Abstract

Background The 69th World Health Assembly approved the Global Health Sector Strategy to eliminate hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection by 2030, which can become a reality with the recent launch of direct acting antiviral therapies. Reliable disease burden estimates are required for national strategies. This analysis estimates the global prevalence of viraemic HCV at the end of 2015, an update of-and expansion on-the 2014 analysis, which reported 80 million (95% CI 64-103) viraemic infections in 2013. Methods We developed country-level disease burden models following a systematic review of HCV prevalence (number of studies, n=6754) and genotype (n=11 342) studies published after 2013. A Delphi process was used to gain country expert consensus and validate inputs. Published estimates alone were used for countries where expert panel meetings could not be scheduled. Global prevalence was estimated using regional averages for countries without data. Findings Models were built for 100 countries, 59 of which were approved by country experts, with the remaining 41 estimated using published data alone. The remaining countries had insufficient data to create a model. The global prevalence of viraemic HCV is estimated to be 1.0% (95% uncertainty interval 0.8-1.1) in 2015, corresponding to 71.1 million (62.5-79.4) viraemic infections. Genotypes 1 and 3 were the most common cause of infections (44% and 25%, respectively). Interpretation The global estimate of viraemic infections is lower than previous estimates, largely due to more recent (lower) prevalence estimates in Africa. Additionally, increased mortality due to liver-related causes and an ageing population may have contributed to a reduction in infections. Funding John C Martin Foundation.Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd

Published
2017

47. Hepatitis B virus surface antigen and anti-hepatitis C virus rapid tests underestimate hepatitis prevalence among HIV-infected patients

Author

Hønge, Bl, Jespersen, S, Medina, C, Té, Ds, da Silva, Zj, Ostergaard, L, Laursen, Al, Wejse, C, Krarup, H, and Erikstrup, C

Subjects
virus diseases, digestive system diseases
Abstract

OBJECTIVES: In the case of coinfection with HIV and hepatitis B virus (HBV) and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatic disease progression is often accelerated, with higher rates of liver cirrhosis and liver-related mortality. We aimed to evaluate the performance of the rapid tests used routinely to detect HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HCV among HIV-infected patients in Guinea-Bissau.METHODS: Blood samples from HIV-infected patients in Guinea-Bissau were stored after testing for HBsAg and anti-HCV with rapid tests. Samples were subsequently re-tested for HBsAg and anti-HCV in Denmark.RESULTS: Two rapid tests were used in Guinea-Bissau: HBsAg Strip Ref 2034 (VEDA.LAB, Alençon, France; sensitivity 62.3%; specificity 99.2%) and HEPA-SCAN (Bhat Bio-Tech, Bangalore, India; sensitivity 57.1%; specificity 99.7%). In the two tests the ability to obtain the correct outcome depended on the antigen and antibody concentrations, respectively. Sex, age, CD4 cell count and antiretroviral therapy status did not differ between false negative and true positive samples in either of the tests. The study is limited by a low number of anti-HCV positive samples.CONCLUSIONS: New diagnostic rapid tests should always be evaluated in the setting in which they will be used before implementation.

Published
2014
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49. IMMUNE-ESCAPE MUTATIONS AND STOP-CODONS IN HBSAG CIRCULATES IN A RELEVANT PROPORTION OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HBV INFECTION EXPOSED TO ANTI-HBV DRUGS IN EUROPE: IMPLICATIONS FOR HBV TRANSMISSION IN THE SETTING OF VACCINATION AND DISEASE PROGRESSION

Author

Colagrossi, L., Hermans, L. E., Salpini, R., Pas, S. D., Alvarez, M., Ben Ari, Z., Boland, G., Bruzzone, B., Coppola, N., Seguin-Devaux, C., Dyda, T., Garcia, F., Kaiser, R., Kose, S., Krarup, H., Lazarevic, I., Lunar, M. M., Maylin, S., Micheli, V., Mor, O., Paraschiv, S., Paraskevis, D., Poljak, M., Puchhammer-Stoeckl, E., Simon, F., Stanojevic, M., Stene-Johansen, K., Tihic, N., Trimoulet, P., Verheyen, J., Vince, A., Weis, N., Yalcinkaya, T., Lepej, S. Z., Boucher, C. A., Wensing, A. M., Perno, C. F., Svicher, V., Colagrossi, L., Hermans, L. E., Salpini, R., Pas, S. D., Alvarez, M., Ben Ari, Z., Boland, G., Bruzzone, B., Coppola, N., Seguin-Devaux, C., Dyda, T., Garcia, F., Kaiser, R., Kose, S., Krarup, H., Lazarevic, I., Lunar, M. M., Maylin, S., Micheli, V., Mor, O., Paraschiv, S., Paraskevis, D., Poljak, M., Puchhammer-Stoeckl, E., Simon, F., Stanojevic, M., Stene-Johansen, K., Tihic, N., Trimoulet, P., Verheyen, J., Vince, A., Weis, N., Yalcinkaya, T., Lepej, S. Z., Boucher, C. A., Wensing, A. M., Perno, C. F., and Svicher, V.

Published
2016

50. Pre- and postharvest attributes of muskmelon cultivars for fresh-cut cubes

Author

Krarup H., Christian, Jacob, Cristián, Contreras E., Samuel, Krarup H., Christian, Jacob, Cristián, and Contreras E., Samuel

Abstract

The choice of the appropriate cultivar is a critical factor for obtaining a successful crop and for satisfying the needs of the industry and consumers. Nine commonly used or recently available varieties of cantaloupe melons (Cucumis melo L. Group Cantalupensis) were evaluated in two locations with the objective of selecting cultivars ad hoc for processing as fresh-cut cubes. Overall, the yield (30 to 45 t ha-1) and quality, including mainly the fruit size and soluble solids concentration (SSC), varied between locations, but the relative performance of cultivars was similar. The cultivars showed significant differences in attributes that are relevant for the industry and the consumer: color (from yellow to deep orange), SSC (from 8.7 to 14.7%), firmness (11.2 to 32.8 N), and chilling injury after refrigerated storage for 18 days at 0 °C (from none to slight) and after 3 additional days at 20 °C (from none to severe). Cultivars such as Diva, Fiji, and Glamour presented attributes that make them especially valuable for the fresh-cut processing industry., La elección del cultivar apropiado es un factor crítico para la obtención de una producción exitosa y para satisfacer las necesidades de la industria y los consumidores. Nueve cultivares de melón reticulado (Cucumis melo L. Group Cantalupensis) de uso común o reciente disponibilidad se evaluaron en dos localidades con el objetivo de seleccionar cultivares apropiados para la elaboración de cubos mínimamente procesados. En general, el rendimiento (30 a 45 t ha-1) y la calidad, principalmente el tamaño del fruto y la concentración de sólidos solubles (CSS), varió entre localidades, sin embargo, el rendimiento relativo de los cultivares fue similar. Los cultivares mostraron diferencias significativas en los atributos relevantes para la industria y el consumidor: el color (de amarillo a naranja intenso), la CSS (de 8.7 a 14.7%), la firmeza (11.2 a 32.8 N) y el daño por enfriamiento después de almacenamiento refrigerado durante 18 días a 0 °C (de ninguno a leve) y después de 3 días adicionales a 20 °C (de ninguno a severo). Los cultivares como Diva, Fiji y Glamour presentaron atributos que los hacen especialmente valiosos para la industria de productos mínimamente procesados.

Published
2016

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