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3. The son-killer microbe Arsenophonus nasoniae is a widespread associate of the parasitic wasp Nasonia vitripennis in Europe

Author

Nadal-Jimenez, P., Frost, C.L., Cláudia Norte, A., Garrido-Bautista, J., Wilkes, T.E., Connell, R., Rice, A., Krams, I., Eeva, T., Christe, P., Moreno-Rueda, G., and Hurst, GDD

Subjects
Female, Male, Animals, Wasps/microbiology, Nuclear Family, Gammaproteobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, Insecta, Europe, Arsenophonus nasoniae, Endosymbiont, Infection model, Nasonia vitripennis
Abstract

Heritable microbes that exhibit reproductive parasitism are common in insects. One class of these are the male-killing bacteria, which are found in a broad range of insect hosts. Commonly, our knowledge of the incidence of these microbes is based on one or a few sampling sites, and the degree and causes of spatial variation are unclear. In this paper, we examine the incidence of the son-killer microbe Arsenophonus nasoniae across European populations of its wasp host, Nasonia vitripennis. In preliminary work, we noticed two female N. vitripennis producing highly female biased sex ratios in a field study from the Netherlands and Germany. When tested, the brood from Germany was revealed to be infected with A. nasoniae. We then completed a broad survey in 2012, in which fly pupal hosts of N. vitripennis were collected from vacated birds' nests from four European populations, N. vitripennis wasps allowed to emerge and then tested for A. nasoniae presence through PCR assay. We then developed a new screening methodology based on direct PCR assays of fly pupae and applied this to ethanol-preserved material collected from great tit (Parus major) nests in Portugal. These data show A. nasoniae is found widely in European N. vitripennis, being present in Germany, the UK, Finland, Switzerland and Portugal. Samples varied in the frequency with which they carry A. nasoniae, from being rare to being present in 50% of the pupae parasitised by N. vitripennis. Direct screening of ethanol-preserved fly pupae was an effective method for revealing both wasp and A. nasoniae infection, and will facilitate sample transport across national boundaries. Future research should examine the causes of variation in frequency, in particular testing the hypothesis that N. vitripennis superparasitism rates drive the variation in A. nasoniae frequency through providing opportunities for infectious transmission.

Published
2023

4. The effect of climate change on avian offspring production:a global meta-analysis

Author

Halupka, L. (Lucyna), Arlt, D. (Debora), Tolvanen, J. (Jere), Millon, A. (Alexandre), Bize, P. (Pierre), Adamik, P. (Peter), Albert, P. (Pascal), Arendt, W. J. (Wayne J.), V. Artemyev, A. (Alexander), Baglione, V. (Vittorio), Banbura, J. (Jerzy), Banbura, M. (Miroslawa), Barba, E. (Emilio), Barrett, R. T. (Robert T.), Becker, P. H. (Peter H.), Belskii, E. (Eugen), Bolton, M. (Mark), Bowers, E. K. (E. Keith), Bried, J. (Joel), Brouwer, L. (Lyanne), Bukacinska, M. (Monika), Bukacinski, D. (Dariusz), Bulluck, L. (Lesley), Carstens, K. F. (Kate F.), Catry, I. (Ines), Charter, M. (Motti), Chernomorets, A. (Anna), Covas, R. (Rita), Czuchra, M. (Monika), Dearborn, D. C. (Donald C.), de Lope, F. (Florentino), Di Giacomo, A. S. (Adrian S.), Dombrovski, V. C. (Valery C.), Drummond, H. (Hugh), Dunn, M. J. (Michael J.), Eeva, T. (Tapio), Emmerson, L. M. (Louise M.), Espmark, Y. (Yngve), Fargallo, J. A. (Juan A.), Gashkov, S. I. (Sergey I.), Golubova, E. Y. (Elena Yu.), Griesser, M. (Michael), Harris, M. P. (Michael P.), Hoover, J. P. (Jeffrey P.), Jagielio, Z. (Zuzanna), Korell, P. (Patrik), Kloskowski, J. (Janusz), Koenig, W. D. (Walter D.), Kolunen, H. (Heikki), Korczak-Abshire, M. (Magorzata), Korpimaeki, E. (Erkki), Krams, I. (Indrikis), Krist, M. (Milos), Kruger, S. C. (Sonja C.), Kuranov, B. D. (Boris D.), Lambin, X. (Xavier), Lombardo, M. P. (Michael P.), Lyakhov, A. (Andrey), Marzal, A. (Alfonso), Moller, A. P. (Anders P.), Neves, V. C. (Veronica C.), Nielsen, J. T. (Jan Tottrup), Numerov, A. (Alexander), Orlowska, B. (Beata), Oro, D. (Daniel), oest, M. (Markus), Phillips, R. A. (Richard A.), Pietiaeinen, H. (Hannu), Polo, V. (Vicente), Porkert, J. (Jiri), Potti, J. (Jaime), Poeysae, H. (Hannu), Printemps, T. (Thierry), Prop, J. (Jouke), Quillfeldt, P. (Petra), Ramos, J. A. (Jaime A.), Ravussin, P.-A. (Pierre-Alain), Rosenfield, R. N. (Robert N.), Roulin, A. (Alexandre), Rubenstein, D. R. (Dustin R.), Samusenko, I. E. (Irina E.), Saunders, D. A. (Denis A.), Schaub, M. (Michael), Senar, J. C. (Juan C.), Sergio, F. (Fabrizio), Solonen, T. (Tapio), V. Solovyeva, D. (Diana), Stepniewski, J. (Janusz), Thompson, P. M. (Paul M.), Tobolka, M. (Marcin), Toeroek, J. (Janos), van de Pol, M. (Martijn), Vernooij, L. (Louis), Visser, M. E. (Marcel E.), Westneat, D. F. (David F.), Wheelwright, N. T. (Nathaniel T.), Wiacek, J. (Jaroslaw), Wiebe, K. L. (Karen L.), Wood, A. G. (Andrew G.), Wuczynski, A. (Andrzej), Wysocki, D. (Dariusz), Zarybnicka, M. (Marketa), Margalida, A. (Antoni), Halupka, K. (Konrad), Halupka, L. (Lucyna), Arlt, D. (Debora), Tolvanen, J. (Jere), Millon, A. (Alexandre), Bize, P. (Pierre), Adamik, P. (Peter), Albert, P. (Pascal), Arendt, W. J. (Wayne J.), V. Artemyev, A. (Alexander), Baglione, V. (Vittorio), Banbura, J. (Jerzy), Banbura, M. (Miroslawa), Barba, E. (Emilio), Barrett, R. T. (Robert T.), Becker, P. H. (Peter H.), Belskii, E. (Eugen), Bolton, M. (Mark), Bowers, E. K. (E. Keith), Bried, J. (Joel), Brouwer, L. (Lyanne), Bukacinska, M. (Monika), Bukacinski, D. (Dariusz), Bulluck, L. (Lesley), Carstens, K. F. (Kate F.), Catry, I. (Ines), Charter, M. (Motti), Chernomorets, A. (Anna), Covas, R. (Rita), Czuchra, M. (Monika), Dearborn, D. C. (Donald C.), de Lope, F. (Florentino), Di Giacomo, A. S. (Adrian S.), Dombrovski, V. C. (Valery C.), Drummond, H. (Hugh), Dunn, M. J. (Michael J.), Eeva, T. (Tapio), Emmerson, L. M. (Louise M.), Espmark, Y. (Yngve), Fargallo, J. A. (Juan A.), Gashkov, S. I. (Sergey I.), Golubova, E. Y. (Elena Yu.), Griesser, M. (Michael), Harris, M. P. (Michael P.), Hoover, J. P. (Jeffrey P.), Jagielio, Z. (Zuzanna), Korell, P. (Patrik), Kloskowski, J. (Janusz), Koenig, W. D. (Walter D.), Kolunen, H. (Heikki), Korczak-Abshire, M. (Magorzata), Korpimaeki, E. (Erkki), Krams, I. (Indrikis), Krist, M. (Milos), Kruger, S. C. (Sonja C.), Kuranov, B. D. (Boris D.), Lambin, X. (Xavier), Lombardo, M. P. (Michael P.), Lyakhov, A. (Andrey), Marzal, A. (Alfonso), Moller, A. P. (Anders P.), Neves, V. C. (Veronica C.), Nielsen, J. T. (Jan Tottrup), Numerov, A. (Alexander), Orlowska, B. (Beata), Oro, D. (Daniel), oest, M. (Markus), Phillips, R. A. (Richard A.), Pietiaeinen, H. (Hannu), Polo, V. (Vicente), Porkert, J. (Jiri), Potti, J. (Jaime), Poeysae, H. (Hannu), Printemps, T. (Thierry), Prop, J. (Jouke), Quillfeldt, P. (Petra), Ramos, J. A. (Jaime A.), Ravussin, P.-A. (Pierre-Alain), Rosenfield, R. N. (Robert N.), Roulin, A. (Alexandre), Rubenstein, D. R. (Dustin R.), Samusenko, I. E. (Irina E.), Saunders, D. A. (Denis A.), Schaub, M. (Michael), Senar, J. C. (Juan C.), Sergio, F. (Fabrizio), Solonen, T. (Tapio), V. Solovyeva, D. (Diana), Stepniewski, J. (Janusz), Thompson, P. M. (Paul M.), Tobolka, M. (Marcin), Toeroek, J. (Janos), van de Pol, M. (Martijn), Vernooij, L. (Louis), Visser, M. E. (Marcel E.), Westneat, D. F. (David F.), Wheelwright, N. T. (Nathaniel T.), Wiacek, J. (Jaroslaw), Wiebe, K. L. (Karen L.), Wood, A. G. (Andrew G.), Wuczynski, A. (Andrzej), Wysocki, D. (Dariusz), Zarybnicka, M. (Marketa), Margalida, A. (Antoni), and Halupka, K. (Konrad)

Abstract

Climate change affects timing of reproduction in many bird species, but few stud-ies have investigated its influence on annual reproductive output. Here, we assess changes in the annual production of young by female breeders in 201 populations of 104 bird species (N = 745,962 clutches) covering all continents between 1970 and 2019. Overall, average offspring production has declined in recent decades, but considerable differences were found among species and populations. A total of 56.7% of populations showed a declining trend in offspring production (significant in 17.4%), whereas 43.3% exhibited an increase (significant in 10.4%). The results show that climatic changes affect offspring production through compounded effects on ecological and life history traits of species. Migratory and larger-bodied species experienced reduced offspring production with increasing temperatures during the chick-rearing period, whereas smaller-bodied, sedentary species tended to produce more offspring. Likewise, multi-brooded species showed increased breeding success with increasing temperatures, whereas rising temperatures were unrelated to repro-ductive success in single-brooded species. Our study suggests that rapid declines in size of bird populations reported by many studies from different parts of the world are driven only to a small degree by changes in the production of young.

Published
2023

6. Sympatric divergence and clinal variation in multiple coloration traits of Ficedula flycatchers

Author

LAAKSONEN, T., SIRKIÄ, P. M., CALHIM, S., BROMMER, J. E., LESKINEN, P. K., PRIMMER, C. R., ADAMÍK, P., ARTEMYEV, A. V., BELSKII, E., BOTH, C., BUREŠ, S., BURGESS, M. D., DOLIGEZ, B., FORSMAN, J. T., GRINKOV, V., HOFFMANN, U., IVANKINA, E., KRÁL, M., KRAMS, I., LAMPE, H. M., MORENO, J., MÄGI, M., NORD, A., POTTI, J., RAVUSSIN, P.-A., and SOKOLOV, L.

Published
2015
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11. Interaction of climate change with effects of conspecific and heterospecific density on reproduction

Author

Møller, A.P., Balbontín, J., Dhondt, A.A., Adriaensen, F., Artemyev, A., Bańbura, J., Barba, E., Biard, C., Blondel, J., Bouvier, J.-C., Camprodon, J., Cecere, F., Charter, M., Cichoń, M., Cusimano, C., Dubiec, A., Eens, M., Eeva, T., Ferns, P.N., Forsman, J.T., Goldshtein, A., Goodenough, A.E., Gosler, A.G., Gustafsson, L., Harnist, I., Hartley, I.R., Heeb, P., Hinsley, S.A., Jacob, S., Järvinen, A., Juškaitis, R., Korpimäki, E., Krams, I., Laaksonen, T., Leclercq, B., Lehikoinen, E., Loukola, O., Mainwaring, M.C., Mänd, R., Massa, B., Matthysen, E., Mazgajski, T.D., Merino, S., Mitrus, C., Mönkkönen, M., Nager, R.G., Nilsson, J.-Å., Nilsson, S.G., Norte, A.C., von Numers, M., Orell, M., Pimentel, C.S., Pinxten, R., Priedniece, I., Remeš, V., Richner, H., Robles, H., Rytkönen, S., Senar, J.C., Seppänen, J.T., da Silva, L.P., Slagsvold, T., Solonen, T., Sorace, A., Stenning, M.J., Török, J., Tryjanowski, P., van Noordwijk, A.J., Walankiewicz, W., Lambrechts, M.M., Møller, A.P., Balbontín, J., Dhondt, A.A., Adriaensen, F., Artemyev, A., Bańbura, J., Barba, E., Biard, C., Blondel, J., Bouvier, J.-C., Camprodon, J., Cecere, F., Charter, M., Cichoń, M., Cusimano, C., Dubiec, A., Eens, M., Eeva, T., Ferns, P.N., Forsman, J.T., Goldshtein, A., Goodenough, A.E., Gosler, A.G., Gustafsson, L., Harnist, I., Hartley, I.R., Heeb, P., Hinsley, S.A., Jacob, S., Järvinen, A., Juškaitis, R., Korpimäki, E., Krams, I., Laaksonen, T., Leclercq, B., Lehikoinen, E., Loukola, O., Mainwaring, M.C., Mänd, R., Massa, B., Matthysen, E., Mazgajski, T.D., Merino, S., Mitrus, C., Mönkkönen, M., Nager, R.G., Nilsson, J.-Å., Nilsson, S.G., Norte, A.C., von Numers, M., Orell, M., Pimentel, C.S., Pinxten, R., Priedniece, I., Remeš, V., Richner, H., Robles, H., Rytkönen, S., Senar, J.C., Seppänen, J.T., da Silva, L.P., Slagsvold, T., Solonen, T., Sorace, A., Stenning, M.J., Török, J., Tryjanowski, P., van Noordwijk, A.J., Walankiewicz, W., and Lambrechts, M.M.

Abstract

We studied the relationship between temperature and the coexistence of great tit Parus major and blue tit Cyanistes caeruleus, breeding in 75 study plots across Europe and North Africa. We expected an advance in laying date and a reduction in clutch size during warmer springs as a general response to climate warming and a delay in laying date and a reduction in clutch size during warmer winters due to density-dependent effects. As expected, as spring temperature increases laying date advances and as winter temperature increases clutch size is reduced in both species. Density of great tit affected the relationship between winter temperature and laying date in great and blue tit. Specifically, as density of great tit increased and temperature in winter increased both species started to reproduce later. Density of blue tit affected the relationship between spring temperature and blue and great tit laying date. Thus, both species start to reproduce earlier with increasing spring temperature as density of blue tit increases, which was not an expected outcome, since we expected that increasing spring temperature should advance laying date, while increasing density should delay it cancelling each other out. Climate warming and its interaction with density affects clutch size of great tits but not of blue tits. As predicted, great tit clutch size is reduced more with density of blue tits as temperature in winter increases. The relationship between spring temperature and density on clutch size of great tits depends on whether the increase is in density of great tit or blue tit. Therefore, an increase in temperature negatively affected the coexistence of blue and great tits differently in both species. Thus, blue tit clutch size was unaffected by the interaction effect of density with temperature, while great tit clutch size was affected in multiple ways by these interactions terms.

Published
2020

12. Interaction of climate change with effects of conspecific and heterospecific density on reproduction

Author

Moller, A. P. (Anders Pape), Balbontin, J. (Javier), Dhondt, A. A. (Andre A.), Adriaensen, F. (Frank), Artemyev, A. (Alexandr), Banbura, J. (Jerzy), Barba, E. (Emilio), Biard, C. (Clotilde), Blondel, J. (Jacques), Bouvier, J.-C. (Jean-Charles), Camprodon, J. (Jordi), Cecere, F. (Francesco), Charter, M. (Motti), Cichon, M. (Mariusz), Cusimano, C. (Camillo), Dubiec, A. (Anna), Eens, M. (Marcel), Eeva, T. (Tapio), Ferns, P. N. (Peter N.), Forsman, J. T. (Jukka T.), Goldshtein, A. (Aya), Goodenough, A. E. (Anne E.), Gosler, A. G. (Andrew G.), Gustafsson, L. (Lars), Harnist, I. (Iga), Hartley, I. R. (Ian R.), Heeb, P. (Philipp), Hinsley, S. A. (Shelley A.), Jacob, S. (Staffan), Jarvinen, A. (Antero), Juskaitis, R. (Rimvydas), Korpimaki, E. (Erkki), Krams, I. (Indrikis), Laaksonen, T. (Toni), Leclercq, B. (Bernard), Lehikoinen, E. (Esa), Loukola, O. (Olli), Mainwaring, M. C. (Mark C.), Mand, R. (Raivo), Massa, B. (Bruno), Matthysen, E. (Erik), Mazgajski, T. D. (Tomasz D.), Merino, S. (Santiago), Mitrus, C. (Cezary), Monkkonen, M. (Mikko), Nager, R. G. (Ruedi G.), Nilsson, J.-a. (Jan-ake), Nilsson, S. G. (Sven G.), Norte, A. C. (Ana C.), von Numers, M. (Mikael), Orell, M. (Markku), Pimentel, C. S. (Carla S.), Pinxten, R. (Rianne), Priedniece, I. (Ilze), Remes, V. (Vladimir), Richner, H. (Heinz), Robles, H. (Hugo), Rytkonen, S. (Seppo), Senar, J. C. (Juan Carlos), Seppanen, J. T. (Janne T.), da Silva, L. P. (Luis P.), Slagsvold, T. (Tore), Solonen, T. (Tapio), Sorace, A. (Alberto), Stenning, M. J. (Martyn J.), Torok, J. (Janos), Tryjanowski, P. (Piotr), van Noordwijk, A. J. (Arie J.), Walankiewicz, W. (Wieslaw), Lambrechts, M. M. (Marcel M.), Moller, A. P. (Anders Pape), Balbontin, J. (Javier), Dhondt, A. A. (Andre A.), Adriaensen, F. (Frank), Artemyev, A. (Alexandr), Banbura, J. (Jerzy), Barba, E. (Emilio), Biard, C. (Clotilde), Blondel, J. (Jacques), Bouvier, J.-C. (Jean-Charles), Camprodon, J. (Jordi), Cecere, F. (Francesco), Charter, M. (Motti), Cichon, M. (Mariusz), Cusimano, C. (Camillo), Dubiec, A. (Anna), Eens, M. (Marcel), Eeva, T. (Tapio), Ferns, P. N. (Peter N.), Forsman, J. T. (Jukka T.), Goldshtein, A. (Aya), Goodenough, A. E. (Anne E.), Gosler, A. G. (Andrew G.), Gustafsson, L. (Lars), Harnist, I. (Iga), Hartley, I. R. (Ian R.), Heeb, P. (Philipp), Hinsley, S. A. (Shelley A.), Jacob, S. (Staffan), Jarvinen, A. (Antero), Juskaitis, R. (Rimvydas), Korpimaki, E. (Erkki), Krams, I. (Indrikis), Laaksonen, T. (Toni), Leclercq, B. (Bernard), Lehikoinen, E. (Esa), Loukola, O. (Olli), Mainwaring, M. C. (Mark C.), Mand, R. (Raivo), Massa, B. (Bruno), Matthysen, E. (Erik), Mazgajski, T. D. (Tomasz D.), Merino, S. (Santiago), Mitrus, C. (Cezary), Monkkonen, M. (Mikko), Nager, R. G. (Ruedi G.), Nilsson, J.-a. (Jan-ake), Nilsson, S. G. (Sven G.), Norte, A. C. (Ana C.), von Numers, M. (Mikael), Orell, M. (Markku), Pimentel, C. S. (Carla S.), Pinxten, R. (Rianne), Priedniece, I. (Ilze), Remes, V. (Vladimir), Richner, H. (Heinz), Robles, H. (Hugo), Rytkonen, S. (Seppo), Senar, J. C. (Juan Carlos), Seppanen, J. T. (Janne T.), da Silva, L. P. (Luis P.), Slagsvold, T. (Tore), Solonen, T. (Tapio), Sorace, A. (Alberto), Stenning, M. J. (Martyn J.), Torok, J. (Janos), Tryjanowski, P. (Piotr), van Noordwijk, A. J. (Arie J.), Walankiewicz, W. (Wieslaw), and Lambrechts, M. M. (Marcel M.)

Abstract

We studied the relationship between temperature and the coexistence of great tit Parus major and blue tit Cyanistes caeruleus, breeding in 75 study plots across Europe and North Africa. We expected an advance in laying date and a reduction in clutch size during warmer springs as a general response to climate warming and a delay in laying date and a reduction in clutch size during warmer winters due to density‐dependent effects. As expected, as spring temperature increases laying date advances and as winter temperature increases clutch size is reduced in both species. Density of great tit affected the relationship between winter temperature and laying date in great and blue tit. Specifically, as density of great tit increased and temperature in winter increased both species started to reproduce later. Density of blue tit affected the relationship between spring temperature and blue and great tit laying date. Thus, both species start to reproduce earlier with increasing spring temperature as density of blue tit increases, which was not an expected outcome, since we expected that increasing spring temperature should advance laying date, while increasing density should delay it cancelling each other out. Climate warming and its interaction with density affects clutch size of great tits but not of blue tits. As predicted, great tit clutch size is reduced more with density of blue tits as temperature in winter increases. The relationship between spring temperature and density on clutch size of great tits depends on whether the increase is in density of great tit or blue tit. Therefore, an increase in temperature negatively affected the coexistence of blue and great tits differently in both species. Thus, blue tit clutch size was unaffected by the interaction effect of density with temperature, while great tit clutch size was affected in multiple ways by these interactions terms.

Published
2020

15. Is it interspecific information use or aggression between putative competitors that steers the selection of nest‐site characteristics?:a reply to Slagsvold and Wiebe

Author

Forsman, J. T. (Jukka T.), Seppänen, J.-T. (Janne-Tuomas), Mönkkönen, M. (Mikko), Thomson, R. L. (Robert L.), Kivelä, S. M. (Sami M.), Krams, I. (Indrikis), and Loukola, O. J. (Olli J.)

Subjects
nest-site selection, interspecific information use, interspecific competition
Abstract

A growing number of studies have demonstrated that heterospecific individuals with overlapping resource needs — putative competitors — can provide information to each other that improves the outcomes of decisions. Our studies using cavity nesting resident tits (information provider) and migratory flycatchers (Ficedula spp., information user) have shown that selective interspecific information use (SIIU) can result in flycatchers copying and rejecting the apparent nest‐site feature preferences of tits, depending on a perceivable fitness correlate (clutch size) of the tits. These, and other results on the interspecific information use, challenge the predictions of traditional theory of species coexistence. Recently, Slagsvold and Wiebe (2017) proposed an alternative hypothesis, the owner aggression hypothesis (OAH), to explain our results. Their main points of critique are: 1) a lack of evidence that flycatchers make visits into tit nests prior to nesting and 2) flycatchers do not have an ability to assess tit clutch size. According to Slagsvold and Wiebe, interspecific aggression between tits and flycatchers, not information use, is the mechanism explaining our results. In this reply we show that part of Slagsvold and Wiebe’s criticism is based on mischaracterization of the assumptions of SIIU, resulting in misinterpretations of our results. We also provide new evidence that flycatchers (mostly males) frequently visit tit nests prior to settlement and can acquire information about tit clutch size and thereby on the quality of the tutoring tit individual and its decisions. In short, as intriguing as OAH is, we suggest that 1) some of the assumptions are highly speculative and lack evidence, while 2) our earlier experiment (Loukola et al. 2013) has clearly demonstrated the importance of the visible clutch size of tits for flycatcher decisions. Therefore, SIIU can more parsimoniously than OAH explain the behaviour of flycatchers.

Published
2018

16. Effects of the Sex Ratio and Socioeconomic Deprivation on Male Mortality.

Author

Moore, F. R., Macleod, M., Starkey, C., Krams, I., and Roy, T.

Subjects
SEX ratio, MORTALITY, GENDER role
Abstract

We explored relationships between male mortality and the sex ratio. (We tested relationships across 142 societies and in longitudinal data from Scotland. A male-biased sex ratio was associated with reduced mortality by intentional self-harm across 142 societies. This was replicated in longitudinal Scottish data, and men were less likely to die by suicide and assault when there were more men in the population only when levels of unemployment were low. We argue that this is consistent with a theoretical model in which men increase investment in relationships and offspring as "competition" under a male-biased sex ratio, and that the conflicting results of previous work may stem from divergent effects of the sex ratio on mortality depending upon relative deprivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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18. Hidden Costs in the Physiology of Argia anceps(Zigoptera: Coenagrionidae) due to Pollution

Author

Juárez-Hernández, E, Villalobos-Jiménez, G, Gutierrez-Corona, J F, Krams, I, González-Soriano, E, and Contreras-Garduño, J

Abstract

Before a population becomes extinct, there are hidden costs in the physiology at the individual level that provide valuable insights into their condition. Here, we study two dams with one species in common (Argia ancepsGarrison, 1996) to evaluate whether their physiological condition differed (total protein quantity, prophenoloxidase (proPO) and phenoloxidase (PO) activity, and protein carbonylation) during two consecutive years. The first dam, “El Gallinero” (contaminated, C), contains organic input from mines and agricultural activity, whereas the second, “Paso de Vaqueros” (non-contaminated, NC), is part of a biosphere reserve. Although at a phenological level, some physiological differences were observed (2012 vs 2013), individuals from the contaminated population had less total protein (2012, median = 1.815 μg/μL; 2013, 0.081 μg/μL) and more carbonylations in their proteins (2012, median = 19.00 nmol/mg; 2013, median = 121.69 nmol/mg) compared with the non-contaminated population (protein quantity in 2012, median = 3.716 μg/μL; 2013, median = 0.054 μg/μL; protein carbonylations in 2012, median = 0.00 nmol/mg; 2013, median = 99.44 nmol/mg). However, no significant differences were found in prophenoloxidase (C, median = 0.002 Vmax; NC, median = 0.002 Vmax) and phenoloxidase activity (C, median = 0.002 Vmax; NC, median = 0.001 Vmax). In addition, the biological oxygen demand (BOD) and Zn were more elevated in the C than NC population (C, BOD = 11.7, Zn = 0.17; NC, BOD = 8, Zn = 0.14). The results show that the impact of human activity can be observed not only through the extinction of species, but also at the physiological level of the individuals composing the populations through the evaluation of biomolecular damage, which can be observed at a much shorter scale compared with species extinction.

Published
2020
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19. Fecundity selection does not vary along a large geographical cline of trait means in a passerine bird

Author

Sarkiä, P.M., Adamík, P., Atemyev, A. V., Belskii, E., Both, Christiaan, Burês, S., Burgess, M.D., Bushuev, A.V., Forsman, JT, Grinkov, V., Hoffmann, D., Järvinen, A., Král, M., Krams, I., Lampe, H.M., Moreno Klemming, Juan, Mägi, M., Nord, A., Potti, Jaime, Ravussin, Pierre Alain, Sokolov, Leonid V., and Laaksonen, T.

Subjects
Ornamentation, Plumage, Phenotype, Coloration, Species variation, Fitness, Melanin
Abstract

Local environmental and ecological conditions are commonly expected to result in local adaptation, although there are few examples of variation in phenotypic selection across continent-wide spatial scales. We collected standardized data on selection with respect to the highly variable plumage coloration of pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleucaPall.) males from 17 populations across the species' breeding range. The observed selection on multiple male coloration traits via the annual number of fledged young was generally relatively weak. The main aim of the present study, however, was to examine whether the current directional selection estimates are associated with distance to the sympatric area with the collared flycatcher (Ficedula albicollisTemminck), a sister species with which the pied flycatcher is showing character displacement. This pattern was expected because plumage traits in male pied flycatchers are changing with the distance to these areas of sympatry. However, we did not find such a pattern in current selection on coloration. There were no associations between current directional selection on ornamentation and latitude or longitude either. Interestingly, current selection on coloration traits was not associated with the observed mean plumage traits of the populations. Thus, there do not appear to be geographical gradients in current directional fecundity selection on male plumage ornamentation. The results of the present study do not support the idea that constant patterns in directional fecundity selection would play a major role in the maintenance of coloration among populations in this species. By contrast, the tendency for relatively weak mosaic-like variation in selection among populations could reflect just a snapshot of temporally variable, potentially environment-dependent, selection, as suggested by other studies in this system. Such fine-grained variable selection coupled with gene flow could maintain extensive phenotypic variation across populations.

Published
2015

20. Interspecific variation in the relationship between clutch size, laying date and intensity of urbanisation in four species of hole-nesting birds.

Author

VAUGOYEAU, M., ADRIAENSEN, F., ARTEMYEV, A., BAŃBURA, J., BARBA, E., BIARD, C., BLONDEL, J., BOUSLAMA, Z., BOUVIER, J-C., CAMPRODON, J., CECERE, F., CHARMANTIER, A., CHARTER, M., CICHOŃ, M., CUSIMANO, C., CZESZCZEWIK, D., DEMEYRIER, V., DOLIGEZ, B., DOUTRELANT, C., DUBIEC, A., EENS, M., EEVA, T., FAIVRE, B., FERNS, P. N., FORSMAN, J. T., GARCÍA-DEL-REY, E., GOLDSHTEIN, A., GOODENOUGH, A. E., GOSLER, A. G., GRÉGOIRE, A., GUSTAFSSON, L., HARNIST, I., HARTLEY, I. R., HEEB, P., HINSLEY, S. A., ISENMANN, P., JACOB, S., JUŠKAITIS, R., KORPIMÄKI, E., KRAMS, I., LAAKSONEN, T., LAMBRECHTS, M. M., LECLERCQ, B., LEHIKOINEN, E., LOUKOLA, O., LUNDBERG, A., MAINWARING, M. C., MÄND, R., MASSA, B., MAZGAJSKI, T. D., MERINO, S., MITRUS, C., MÖNKKÖNEN, M., MORIN, X., NAGER, R. G., NILSSON, J-Å., NILSSON, S. G., NORTE, A. C., ORELL, M., PERRET, P., PERRINS, C. M., PIMENTEL, C. S., PINXTEN, R., RICHNER, H., ROBLES, H., RYTKÖNEN, S., SENAR, J. C., SEPPÄNEN, J. T., DA SILVA, L. P., SLAGSVOLD, T., SOLONEN, T., SORACE, A., STENNING, M. J., TRYJANOWSKI, P., VON NUMERS, M., WALANKIEWICZ, W., MØLLER, A. P. and VAUGOYEAU, M., ADRIAENSEN, F., ARTEMYEV, A., BAŃBURA, J., BARBA, E., BIARD, C., BLONDEL, J., BOUSLAMA, Z., BOUVIER, J-C., CAMPRODON, J., CECERE, F., CHARMANTIER, A., CHARTER, M., CICHOŃ, M., CUSIMANO, C., CZESZCZEWIK, D., DEMEYRIER, V., DOLIGEZ, B., DOUTRELANT, C., DUBIEC, A., EENS, M., EEVA, T., FAIVRE, B., FERNS, P. N., FORSMAN, J. T., GARCÍA-DEL-REY, E., GOLDSHTEIN, A., GOODENOUGH, A. E., GOSLER, A. G., GRÉGOIRE, A., GUSTAFSSON, L., HARNIST, I., HARTLEY, I. R., HEEB, P., HINSLEY, S. A., ISENMANN, P., JACOB, S., JUŠKAITIS, R., KORPIMÄKI, E., KRAMS, I., LAAKSONEN, T., LAMBRECHTS, M. M., LECLERCQ, B., LEHIKOINEN, E., LOUKOLA, O., LUNDBERG, A., MAINWARING, M. C., MÄND, R., MASSA, B., MAZGAJSKI, T. D., MERINO, S., MITRUS, C., MÖNKKÖNEN, M., MORIN, X., NAGER, R. G., NILSSON, J-Å., NILSSON, S. G., NORTE, A. C., ORELL, M., PERRET, P., PERRINS, C. M., PIMENTEL, C. S., PINXTEN, R., RICHNER, H., ROBLES, H., RYTKÖNEN, S., SENAR, J. C., SEPPÄNEN, J. T., DA SILVA, L. P., SLAGSVOLD, T., SOLONEN, T., SORACE, A., STENNING, M. J., TRYJANOWSKI, P., VON NUMERS, M., WALANKIEWICZ, W., MØLLER, A. P.

Published
2016

21. Variation in clutch size in relation to nest size in birds

Author

MØLLER, A. P., ADRIAENSEN, F., ARTEMYEV, A., BANBURA, J., BARBA, E., BIARD, C., BLONDEL, J., BOUSLAMA, Z., BOUVIER, J-C., CAMPRODON, J., CECERE, F., CHARMANTIER, A., CHARTER, M., CICHON, M., CUSIMANO, C., CZESZCZEWIK, D., DEMEYRIER, V., DOLIGEZ, B., DOUTRELANT, C., DUBIEC, A., EENS, M., EEVA, T., FAIVRE, B., FERNS, P.N., FORSMAN, J.T., GARCÍA-DEL-REY, E., GOLDSHTEIN, A., GOODENOUGH, A.E., GOSLER, A.G., GÓZDZ, I., GRÉGOIRE, A., GUSTAFSSON, L., HARTLEY, I.R., HEEB, P., HINSLEY, S.A., ISENMANN, P., JACOB, S., JÄRVINEN, A., JUSKAITIS, R., KORPIMÄKI, E., KRAMS, I., LAAKSONEN, T., LECLERCQ, B., LEHIKOINEN, E., LOUKOLA, E., LUNDBERG, A., MAINWARING, M.C., MÄND, R., MASSA, B., MAZGAJSKI, T.D., MERINO, S., MITRUS, C., MÖNKKÖNEN, M., MORALES-FERNAZ, J., MORIN, X., NAGER, R.G., NILSSON, J-A., NILSSON, S.G., NORTE, A.C., ORELL, M., PERRET, P., PIMENTEL, C.S., PINXTEN, R., PRIEDNIECE, I., QUIDOZ, M-C., REMES, V., RICHNER, H., ROBLES, H., RYTKÖNEN, S., SENAR, J.C., SEPPÄNEN, J.T., DA SILVA, L.P., SLAGSVOLD, T., SOLONEN, T., SORACE, A., STENNING, M.J., TÖRÖK, J., TRYJANOWSKI, P., VAN NOORDWIJK, A.J., VON NUMERS, M., WALANKIEWICZ, W., LAMBRECHTS, M.M.

Subjects
education
Published
2014

22. Large-scale geographical variation in eggshell metal and calcium content in a passerine bird (Ficedula hypoleuca)

Author

Ruuskanen, S., Morales, J., Laaksonen, T., Moreno, J., Mateo, R., Belskii, E., Bushuev, A., Jarvinen, A., Kerimov, A., Krams, I., Morosinotto, C., Mand, R., Orell, M., Qvarnstrom, A., Slater, F.M., Siitari, H., Tilgar, V., Visser, M.E., Winkel, W., Zang, H., Eeva, T., Academy of Finland, Emil Aaltonen Foundation, Finnish Cultural Foundation, Kone Foundation, University of Turku, Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, European Commission, Ministry of Education and Research (Estonia), Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Animal Ecology (AnE), and Animal Population Biology

Subjects
Avian clutch size, Pollution, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, media_common.quotation_subject, Zoology, Arsenic, Egg Shell, biology.animal, Biomonitoring, Environmental Chemistry, Animals, Passeriformes, Eggshell, media_common, Pollutant, biology, Geography, Ecology, Ficedula, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Clutch Size, Passerine, Europe, Metals, international, Environmental Pollutants, Bioindicator, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

Birds have been used as bioindicators of pollution, such as toxic metals. Levels of pollutants in eggs are especially interesting, as developing birds are more sensitive to detrimental effects of pollutants than adults. Only very few studies have monitored intraspecific, large-scale variation in metal pollution across a species' breeding range. We studied large-scale geographic variation in metal levels in the eggs of a small passerine, the pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca), sampled from 15 populations across Europe. We measured 10 eggshell elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Se, Sr, and Ca) and several shell characteristics (mass, thickness, porosity, and color). We found significant variation among populations in eggshell metal levels for all metals except copper. Eggshell lead, zinc, and chromium levels decreased from central Europe to the north, in line with the gradient in pollution levels over Europe, thus suggesting that eggshell can be used as an indicator of pollution levels. Eggshell lead levels were also correlated with soil lead levels and pH. Most of the metals were not correlated with eggshell characteristics, with the exception of shell mass, or with breeding success, which may suggest that birds can cope well with the current background exposure levels across Europe., This study was financially supported by Turku University Foundation, Finnish Cultural Foundation, Kone Foundation (grants to SR) and Emil Aaltonen Foundation (a grant to TL), and Academy of Finland (a grant to TE, project 265859). EB was financed by Ural Branch of RAS (project 12-М-45-2072). Field work and analyses of eggshell structure and color were financed by project CGL2010-19233-C03-02 (Spanish Ministry of Science) to J. Moreno. J. Morales is supported by a contract “Junta de Ampliación de Estudios” funded by the Spanish Research Council-CSIC and the European Social Fund. Data collection in Moscow region was financially supported by RFBR (Russia, grants to AK and AB). Data collection in Estonia was financially supported by the Estonian Ministry of Education and Science (target-financing project number 0180004s09) and the European Regional Development Fund (Center of Excellence FIBIR). MEV was supported by a NWO-VICI grant.

Published
2013

23. Clutch-size variation in Western Palaearctic secondary hole-nesting passerine birds in relation to nest box design

Author

Møller, A.P., Adriaensen, F., Artemyev, A., Bańbura, J., Barba, E., Biard, C., Blondel, J., Bouslama, Z., Bouvier, J.-C., Camprodon, J., Cecere, F., Chaine, A., Charmantier, A., Charter, M., Cichoń, M., Cusimano, C., Czeszczewik, D., Doligez, B., Doutrelant, C., Dubiec, A., Eens, M., Eeva, T., Faivre, B., Ferns, P.N., Forsman, J.T., García-del-Rey, E., Goldshtein, A., Goodenough, A.E., Gosler, A.G., Góźdź, I., Grégoire, A., Gustafsson, L., Hartley, I.R., Heeb, P., Hinsley, S.A., Isenmann, P., Jacob, S., Järvinen, A., Juškaitis, R., Kania, W., Korpimäki, E., Krams, I., Laaksonen, T., Leclercq, B., Lehikoinen, E., Loukola, O., Lundberg, A., Mainwaring, M.C., Mänd, R., Massa, B., Mazgajski, T.D., Merino, S., Mitrus, C., Mönkkönen, M., Morales-Fernaz, J., Moreno, J., Morin, X., Nager, R.G., Nilsson, J.-Å., Nilsson, S.G., Norte, A.C., Orell, M., Perret, P., Perrins, C.M., Pimentel, C.S., Pinxten, R., Priedniece, I., Quidoz, M.-C., Remeš, V., Richner, H., Robles, H., Russell, A., Rytkönen, S., Senar, J.C., Seppänen, J.T., Pascoal da Silva, L., Slagsvold, T., Solonen, T., Sorace, A., Stenning, M.J., Török, J., Tryjanowski, P., Van Noordwijk, A.J., von Numers, M., Walankiewicz, W., Lambrechts, M.M., Møller, A.P., Adriaensen, F., Artemyev, A., Bańbura, J., Barba, E., Biard, C., Blondel, J., Bouslama, Z., Bouvier, J.-C., Camprodon, J., Cecere, F., Chaine, A., Charmantier, A., Charter, M., Cichoń, M., Cusimano, C., Czeszczewik, D., Doligez, B., Doutrelant, C., Dubiec, A., Eens, M., Eeva, T., Faivre, B., Ferns, P.N., Forsman, J.T., García-del-Rey, E., Goldshtein, A., Goodenough, A.E., Gosler, A.G., Góźdź, I., Grégoire, A., Gustafsson, L., Hartley, I.R., Heeb, P., Hinsley, S.A., Isenmann, P., Jacob, S., Järvinen, A., Juškaitis, R., Kania, W., Korpimäki, E., Krams, I., Laaksonen, T., Leclercq, B., Lehikoinen, E., Loukola, O., Lundberg, A., Mainwaring, M.C., Mänd, R., Massa, B., Mazgajski, T.D., Merino, S., Mitrus, C., Mönkkönen, M., Morales-Fernaz, J., Moreno, J., Morin, X., Nager, R.G., Nilsson, J.-Å., Nilsson, S.G., Norte, A.C., Orell, M., Perret, P., Perrins, C.M., Pimentel, C.S., Pinxten, R., Priedniece, I., Quidoz, M.-C., Remeš, V., Richner, H., Robles, H., Russell, A., Rytkönen, S., Senar, J.C., Seppänen, J.T., Pascoal da Silva, L., Slagsvold, T., Solonen, T., Sorace, A., Stenning, M.J., Török, J., Tryjanowski, P., Van Noordwijk, A.J., von Numers, M., Walankiewicz, W., and Lambrechts, M.M.

Abstract

* Secondary hole-nesting birds that do not construct nest holes themselves and hence regularly breed in nest boxes constitute important model systems for field studies in many biological disciplines with hundreds of scientists and amateurs involved. Those research groups are spread over wide geographic areas that experience considerable variation in environmental conditions, and researchers provide nest boxes of varying designs that may inadvertently introduce spatial and temporal variation in reproductive parameters. * We quantified the relationship between mean clutch size and nest box size and material after controlling for a range of environmental variables in four of the most widely used model species in the Western Palaearctic: great tit Parus major, blue tit Cyanistes caeruleus, pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca and collared flycatcher F. albicollis from 365 populations and 79 610 clutches. * Nest floor area and nest box material varied non-randomly across latitudes and longitudes, showing that scientists did not adopt a random box design. Clutch size increased with nest floor area in great tits, but not in blue tits and flycatchers. Clutch size of blue tits was larger in wooden than in concrete nest boxes. * These findings demonstrate that the size of nest boxes and material used to construct nest boxes can differentially affect clutch size in different species. The findings also suggest that the nest box design may affect not only focal species, but also indirectly other species through the effects of nest box design on productivity and therefore potentially population density and hence interspecific competition. [KEYWORDS: geographic location habitat latitude longitude nest box floor area nest box material], * Secondary hole-nesting birds that do not construct nest holes themselves and hence regularly breed in nest boxes constitute important model systems for field studies in many biological disciplines with hundreds of scientists and amateurs involved. Those research groups are spread over wide geographic areas that experience considerable variation in environmental conditions, and researchers provide nest boxes of varying designs that may inadvertently introduce spatial and temporal variation in reproductive parameters. * We quantified the relationship between mean clutch size and nest box size and material after controlling for a range of environmental variables in four of the most widely used model species in the Western Palaearctic: great tit Parus major, blue tit Cyanistes caeruleus, pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca and collared flycatcher F. albicollis from 365 populations and 79 610 clutches. * Nest floor area and nest box material varied non-randomly across latitudes and longitudes, showing that scientists did not adopt a random box design. Clutch size increased with nest floor area in great tits, but not in blue tits and flycatchers. Clutch size of blue tits was larger in wooden than in concrete nest boxes. * These findings demonstrate that the size of nest boxes and material used to construct nest boxes can differentially affect clutch size in different species. The findings also suggest that the nest box design may affect not only focal species, but also indirectly other species through the effects of nest box design on productivity and therefore potentially population density and hence interspecific competition. [KEYWORDS: geographic location habitat latitude longitude nest box floor area nest box material]

Published
2014

24. Large-scale geographical variation in eggshell heavy metal and calcium content in a passerine bird (Ficedula hypoleuca)

Author

Ruuskanen, S., Morales, J., Laaksonen, T., Moreno, J., Mateo, R., Belskii, E., Bushuev, A., Jarvinen, A., Kerimov, A., Krams, I., Morosinotto, C., Mand, R., Orell, M., Qvarnstrom, A., Slater, F.M., Siitari, H., Tilgar, V., Visser, M.E., Winkel, W., Zang, H., Eeva, T., Ruuskanen, S., Morales, J., Laaksonen, T., Moreno, J., Mateo, R., Belskii, E., Bushuev, A., Jarvinen, A., Kerimov, A., Krams, I., Morosinotto, C., Mand, R., Orell, M., Qvarnstrom, A., Slater, F.M., Siitari, H., Tilgar, V., Visser, M.E., Winkel, W., Zang, H., and Eeva, T.

Abstract

Birds have been used as bioindicators of pollution, such as toxic metals. Levels of pollutants in eggs are especially interesting, as developing birds are more sensitive to detrimental effects of pollutants than adults. Only very few studies have monitored intraspecific, large-scale variation in metal pollution across a species' breeding range. We studied large-scale geographic variation in metal levels in the eggs of a small passerine, the pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca), sampled from 15 populations across Europe. We measured 10 eggshell elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Se, Sr, and Ca) and several shell characteristics (mass, thickness, porosity, and color). We found significant variation among populations in eggshell metal levels for all metals except copper. Eggshell lead, zinc, and chromium levels decreased from central Europe to the north, in line with the gradient in pollution levels over Europe, thus suggesting that eggshell can be used as an indicator of pollution levels. Eggshell lead levels were also correlated with soil lead levels and pH. Most of the metals were not correlated with eggshell characteristics, with the exception of shell mass, or with breeding success, which may suggest that birds can cope well with the current background exposure levels across Europe., Birds have been used as bioindicators of pollution, such as toxic metals. Levels of pollutants in eggs are especially interesting, as developing birds are more sensitive to detrimental effects of pollutants than adults. Only very few studies have monitored intraspecific, large-scale variation in metal pollution across a species' breeding range. We studied large-scale geographic variation in metal levels in the eggs of a small passerine, the pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca), sampled from 15 populations across Europe. We measured 10 eggshell elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Se, Sr, and Ca) and several shell characteristics (mass, thickness, porosity, and color). We found significant variation among populations in eggshell metal levels for all metals except copper. Eggshell lead, zinc, and chromium levels decreased from central Europe to the north, in line with the gradient in pollution levels over Europe, thus suggesting that eggshell can be used as an indicator of pollution levels. Eggshell lead levels were also correlated with soil lead levels and pH. Most of the metals were not correlated with eggshell characteristics, with the exception of shell mass, or with breeding success, which may suggest that birds can cope well with the current background exposure levels across Europe.

Published
2014

25. Variation in eggshell traits between geographically distant populations of pied flycatchers Ficedula hypoleuca

Author

Morales, J., Ruuskanen, S., Laaksonen, T., Mateo, R., Belskii, E., Eeva, T., Jarvinen, A., Kerimov, A., Korpimaki, E., Krams, I., Morosinotto, C., Mand, R., Orell, M., Qvarnstrom, A., Siitari, H., Slager, F.M., Tiglar, V., Visser, M.E., Winkel, W., Zang, H., Moreno, J., Morales, J., Ruuskanen, S., Laaksonen, T., Mateo, R., Belskii, E., Eeva, T., Jarvinen, A., Kerimov, A., Korpimaki, E., Krams, I., Morosinotto, C., Mand, R., Orell, M., Qvarnstrom, A., Siitari, H., Slager, F.M., Tiglar, V., Visser, M.E., Winkel, W., Zang, H., and Moreno, J.

Abstract

The expression and impact of maternal effects may vary greatly between populations and environments. However, little is known about large-scale geographical patterns of variation in maternal deposition to eggs. In birds, as in other oviparous animals, the outermost maternal component of an egg is the shell, which protects the embryo, provides essential mineral resources and allows its interaction with the environment in the form of gas exchange. In this study, we explored variation of eggshell traits (mass, thickness, pore density and pigmentation) across 15 pied flycatcher populations at a large geographic scale. We found significant between-population variation in all eggshell traits, except in pore density, suggesting spatial variation in their adaptive benefits or in the females’ physiological limitations during egg laying. Between- population variation in shell structure was not due to geographic location (latitude and longitude) or habitat type. However, eggshells were thicker in populations that experienced higher ambient temperature during egg laying. This could be a result of maternal resource allocation to the shell being constrained under low temperatures or of an adaptation to reduce egg water loss under high temperatures. We also found that eggshell colour intensity was positively associated with biliverdin pigment concentration, shell thickness and pore density. To conclude, our findings reveal large- scale between-population variation of eggshell traits, although we found little environmental dependency in their expression. Our findings call for further studies that explore other environmental factors (e.g. calcium availability and pollution levels) and social factors like sexual selection intensity that may account for differences in shell structure between populations., The expression and impact of maternal effects may vary greatly between populations and environments. However, little is known about large-scale geographical patterns of variation in maternal deposition to eggs. In birds, as in other oviparous animals, the outermost maternal component of an egg is the shell, which protects the embryo, provides essential mineral resources and allows its interaction with the environment in the form of gas exchange. In this study, we explored variation of eggshell traits (mass, thickness, pore density and pigmentation) across 15 pied flycatcher populations at a large geographic scale. We found significant between-population variation in all eggshell traits, except in pore density, suggesting spatial variation in their adaptive benefits or in the females’ physiological limitations during egg laying. Between- population variation in shell structure was not due to geographic location (latitude and longitude) or habitat type. However, eggshells were thicker in populations that experienced higher ambient temperature during egg laying. This could be a result of maternal resource allocation to the shell being constrained under low temperatures or of an adaptation to reduce egg water loss under high temperatures. We also found that eggshell colour intensity was positively associated with biliverdin pigment concentration, shell thickness and pore density. To conclude, our findings reveal large- scale between-population variation of eggshell traits, although we found little environmental dependency in their expression. Our findings call for further studies that explore other environmental factors (e.g. calcium availability and pollution levels) and social factors like sexual selection intensity that may account for differences in shell structure between populations.

Published
2013

26. Candidate genes for colour and vision exhibit signals of selection across the pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca) breeding range

Author

Lehtonen, P.K., Laaksonen, T., Artemyev, A.V., Belskii, E., Berg, P.R., Both, Christiaan, Buggiotti, L., Burês, S., Burgess, M.D., Bushuev, A.V., Krams, I., Moreno Klemming, Juan, Mägi, Marko, Nord, A., Potti, Jaime, Ravussin, Pierre Alain, Sirkiä, P. M., Sætre, G.-P., Winkel, Wolfgang, Primmer, C.R., Lehtonen, P.K., Laaksonen, T., Artemyev, A.V., Belskii, E., Berg, P.R., Both, Christiaan, Buggiotti, L., Burês, S., Burgess, M.D., Bushuev, A.V., Krams, I., Moreno Klemming, Juan, Mägi, Marko, Nord, A., Potti, Jaime, Ravussin, Pierre Alain, Sirkiä, P. M., Sætre, G.-P., Winkel, Wolfgang, and Primmer, C.R.

Abstract

The role of natural selection in shaping adaptive trait differentiation in natural populations has long been recognized. Determining its molecular basis, however, remains a challenge. Here, we search for signals of selection in candidate genes for colour and its perception in a passerine bird. Pied flycatcher plumage varies geographically in both its structural and pigment-based properties. Both characteristics appear to be shaped by selection. A single-locus outlier test revealed 2 of 14 loci to show significantly elevated signals of divergence. The first of these, the follistatin gene, is expressed in the developing feather bud and is found in pathways with genes that determine the structure of feathers and may thus be important in generating variation in structural colouration. The second is a gene potentially underlying the ability to detect this variation: SWS1 opsin. These two loci were most differentiated in two Spanish pied flycatcher populations, which are also among the populations that have the highest UV reflectance. The follistatin and SWS1 opsin genes thus provide strong candidates for future investigations on the molecular basis of adaptively significant traits and their co-evolution. © 2012 Macmillan Publishers Limited All rights reserved.

Published
2012

27. Geographical variation in egg mass and egg content in a passerine bird

Author

Ruuskanen, S., Siitari, H., Eeva, T., Belskii, E., Järvinen, A., Kerimov, A., Krams, I., Moreno, J., Morosinotto, C., Mänd, R., Möstl, E., Orell, M., Qvarnström, A., Salminen, J.P., Slater, F.M., Tilgar, V., Visser, M.E., Winkel, W., Zang, H., Laaksonen, T., Ruuskanen, S., Siitari, H., Eeva, T., Belskii, E., Järvinen, A., Kerimov, A., Krams, I., Moreno, J., Morosinotto, C., Mänd, R., Möstl, E., Orell, M., Qvarnström, A., Salminen, J.P., Slater, F.M., Tilgar, V., Visser, M.E., Winkel, W., Zang, H., and Laaksonen, T.

Abstract

Reproductive, phenotypic and life-history traits in many animal and plant taxa show geographic variation, indicating spatial variation in selection regimes. Maternal deposition to avian eggs, such as hormones, antibodies and antioxidants, critically affect development of the offspring, with long-lasting effects on the phenotype and fitness. Little is however known about large-scale geographical patterns of variation in maternal deposition to eggs. We studied geographical variation in egg components of a passerine bird, the pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca), by collecting samples from 16 populations and measuring egg and yolk mass, albumen lysozyme activity, yolk immunoglobulins, yolk androgens and yolk total carotenoids. We found significant variation among populations in most egg components, but ca. 90% of the variation was among individuals within populations. Population however explained 40% of the variation in carotenoid levels. In contrast to our hypothesis, we found geographical trends only in carotenoids, but not in any of the other egg components. Our results thus suggest high within-population variation and leave little scope for local adaptation and genetic differentiation in deposition of different egg components. The role of these maternally-derived resources in evolutionary change should be further investigated., Reproductive, phenotypic and life-history traits in many animal and plant taxa show geographic variation, indicating spatial variation in selection regimes. Maternal deposition to avian eggs, such as hormones, antibodies and antioxidants, critically affect development of the offspring, with long-lasting effects on the phenotype and fitness. Little is however known about large-scale geographical patterns of variation in maternal deposition to eggs. We studied geographical variation in egg components of a passerine bird, the pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca), by collecting samples from 16 populations and measuring egg and yolk mass, albumen lysozyme activity, yolk immunoglobulins, yolk androgens and yolk total carotenoids. We found significant variation among populations in most egg components, but ca. 90% of the variation was among individuals within populations. Population however explained 40% of the variation in carotenoid levels. In contrast to our hypothesis, we found geographical trends only in carotenoids, but not in any of the other egg components. Our results thus suggest high within-population variation and leave little scope for local adaptation and genetic differentiation in deposition of different egg components. The role of these maternally-derived resources in evolutionary change should be further investigated.

Published
2011

28. Geographical trends in the yolk carotenoid composition of the pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca)

Author

Eeva, T., Ruuskanen, S., Salminen, J.P., Belskii, E., Jarvinen, A., Kerimov, A., Korpimäki, E., Krams, I., Moreno, J., Morosinotto, C., Mänd, R., Orell, M., Qvarnström, A., Siitari, H., Slater, F.M., Tilgar, V., Visser, M.E., Winkel, W., Zang, H., Laaksonen, T., Eeva, T., Ruuskanen, S., Salminen, J.P., Belskii, E., Jarvinen, A., Kerimov, A., Korpimäki, E., Krams, I., Moreno, J., Morosinotto, C., Mänd, R., Orell, M., Qvarnström, A., Siitari, H., Slater, F.M., Tilgar, V., Visser, M.E., Winkel, W., Zang, H., and Laaksonen, T.

Abstract

Carotenoids in the egg yolks of birds are considered to be important antioxidants and immune stimulants during the rapid growth of embryos. Yolk carotenoid composition is strongly affected by the carotenoid composition of the female’s diet at the time of egg formation. Spatial and temporal differences in carotenoid availability may thus be reflected in yolk concentrations. To assess whether yolk carotenoid concentrations or carotenoid profiles show any large-scale geographical trends or differences among habitats, we collected yolk samples from 16 European populations of the pied flycatcher, Ficedula hypoleuca.Wefound that the concentrations and proportions of lutein and some other xanthophylls in the egg yolks decreased from Central Europe northwards. The most southern population (which is also the one found at the highest altitude) also showed relatively low carotenoid levels. Concentrations of b-carotene and zeaxanthin did not show any obvious geographical gradients. Egg yolks also contained proportionally more lutein and other xanthophylls in deciduous than in mixed or coniferous habitats. We suggest that latitudinal gradients in lutein and xanthophylls reflect the lower availability of lutein-rich food items in the northern F. hypoleuca populations and in montane southern populations, which start egg-laying earlier relative to tree phenology than the Central European populations. Similarly, among-habitat variation is likely to reflect the better availability of lutein-rich food in deciduous forests. Our study is the first to indicate that the concentration and profile of yolk carotenoids may show large-scale spatial variation among populations in different parts of the species’ geographical range. Further studies are needed to test the fitness effects of this geographical variation., Carotenoids in the egg yolks of birds are considered to be important antioxidants and immune stimulants during the rapid growth of embryos. Yolk carotenoid composition is strongly affected by the carotenoid composition of the female’s diet at the time of egg formation. Spatial and temporal differences in carotenoid availability may thus be reflected in yolk concentrations. To assess whether yolk carotenoid concentrations or carotenoid profiles show any large-scale geographical trends or differences among habitats, we collected yolk samples from 16 European populations of the pied flycatcher, Ficedula hypoleuca.Wefound that the concentrations and proportions of lutein and some other xanthophylls in the egg yolks decreased from Central Europe northwards. The most southern population (which is also the one found at the highest altitude) also showed relatively low carotenoid levels. Concentrations of b-carotene and zeaxanthin did not show any obvious geographical gradients. Egg yolks also contained proportionally more lutein and other xanthophylls in deciduous than in mixed or coniferous habitats. We suggest that latitudinal gradients in lutein and xanthophylls reflect the lower availability of lutein-rich food items in the northern F. hypoleuca populations and in montane southern populations, which start egg-laying earlier relative to tree phenology than the Central European populations. Similarly, among-habitat variation is likely to reflect the better availability of lutein-rich food in deciduous forests. Our study is the first to indicate that the concentration and profile of yolk carotenoids may show large-scale spatial variation among populations in different parts of the species’ geographical range. Further studies are needed to test the fitness effects of this geographical variation.

Published
2011

29. Geographic patterns of genetic differentiation and plumage colour variation are different in the pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca)

Author

Lehtonen, P.K., Laaksonen, T., Artemyev, A.V., Belskii, E., Both, Christiaan, Burês, S., Bushuev, A.V., Krams, I., Moreno Klemming, Juan, Mägi, Marko, Nord, A., Potti, Jaime, Ravussin, Pierre Alain, Sirkiä, P. M., SÆtre, G.-P., Primmer, C.R., Lehtonen, P.K., Laaksonen, T., Artemyev, A.V., Belskii, E., Both, Christiaan, Burês, S., Bushuev, A.V., Krams, I., Moreno Klemming, Juan, Mägi, Marko, Nord, A., Potti, Jaime, Ravussin, Pierre Alain, Sirkiä, P. M., SÆtre, G.-P., and Primmer, C.R.

Abstract

The pied flycatcher is one of the most phenotypically variable bird species in Europe. The geographic variation in phenotypes has often been attributed to spatial variation in selection regimes that is associated with the presence or absence of the congeneric collared flycatcher. Spatial variation in phenotypes could however also be generated by spatially restricted gene flow and genetic drift. We examined the genetic population structure of pied flycatchers across the breeding range and applied the phenotypic QST (P ST)-FST approach to detect indirect signals of divergent selection on dorsal plumage colouration in pied flycatcher males. Allelic frequencies at neutral markers were found to significantly differ among populations breeding in central and southern Europe whereas northerly breeding pied flycatchers were found to be one apparently panmictic group of individuals. Pairwise differences between phenotypic (PST) and neutral genetic distances (FST) were positively correlated after removing the most differentiated Spanish and Swiss populations from the analysis, suggesting that genetic drift may have contributed to the observed phenotypic differentiation in some parts of the pied flycatcher breeding range. Differentiation in dorsal plumage colouration however greatly exceeded that observed at neutral genetic markers, which indicates that the observed pattern of phenotypic differentiation is unlikely to be solely maintained by restricted gene flow and genetic drift. © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Published
2009

33. Candidate genes for colour and vision exhibit signals of selection across the pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca) breeding range

Author

Lehtonen, P K, primary, Laaksonen, T, additional, Artemyev, A V, additional, Belskii, E, additional, Berg, P R, additional, Both, C, additional, Buggiotti, L, additional, Bureš, S, additional, Burgess, M D, additional, Bushuev, A V, additional, Krams, I, additional, Moreno, J, additional, Mägi, M, additional, Nord, A, additional, Potti, J, additional, Ravussin, P-A, additional, Sirkiä, P M, additional, Sætre, G-P, additional, Winkel, W, additional, and Primmer, C R, additional

Published
2011
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36. Candidate genes for colour and vision exhibit signals of selection across the pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca) breeding range.

Author

Lehtonen, P K, Laaksonen, T, Artemyev, A V, Belskii, E, Berg, P R, Both, C, Buggiotti, L, Bureš, S, Burgess, M D, Bushuev, A V, Krams, I, Moreno, J, Mägi, M, Nord, A, Potti, J, Ravussin, P-A, Sirkiä, P M, Sætre, G-P, Winkel, W, and Primmer, C R

Subjects
FLYCATCHERS, HABITAT selection, FOLLISTATIN, PIED flycatcher, PASSERIFORMES, BIOLOGICAL invasions, COLOR of birds, PHYSIOLOGY, REPRODUCTION
Abstract

The role of natural selection in shaping adaptive trait differentiation in natural populations has long been recognized. Determining its molecular basis, however, remains a challenge. Here, we search for signals of selection in candidate genes for colour and its perception in a passerine bird. Pied flycatcher plumage varies geographically in both its structural and pigment-based properties. Both characteristics appear to be shaped by selection. A single-locus outlier test revealed 2 of 14 loci to show significantly elevated signals of divergence. The first of these, the follistatin gene, is expressed in the developing feather bud and is found in pathways with genes that determine the structure of feathers and may thus be important in generating variation in structural colouration. The second is a gene potentially underlying the ability to detect this variation: SWS1 opsin. These two loci were most differentiated in two Spanish pied flycatcher populations, which are also among the populations that have the highest UV reflectance. The follistatin and SWS1 opsin genes thus provide strong candidates for future investigations on the molecular basis of adaptively significant traits and their co-evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2012
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37. Female choice reveals terminal investment in male mealworm beetles, Tenebrio molitor, after a repeated activation of the immune system.

Author

Krams, I., Daukšte, J., Kivleniece, I., Krama, T., Rantala, M. J., Ramey, G., and Šauša, L.

Subjects
*BEETLES, *TENEBRIO molitor, *IMMUNE system, *NYLON, *SEXUAL attraction, *INSECT locomotion
Abstract

The article focuses on a research conducted in order to evaluate the impact of immunological challenge via a nylon implant in affecting sexual attractiveness of male mealworm beetles, Tenebrio molitor towards females. It discusses the reduction sexual attractiveness and locomotor activity of males after first immunological challenge. The study revealed the need of the terminal investment on sexual signaling for recovery of immune system and locomotor activity.

Published
2011
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38. Variation in clutch size in relation to nest size in birds

Author

Blandine Doligez, Ian R. Hartley, Indrikis Krams, Marcel M. Lambrechts, Tore Slagsvold, Francesco Cecere, Tapio Solonen, Sven G. Nilsson, Peter N. Ferns, Vladimír Remeš, Jean Charles Bouvier, Paul Isenmann, Luís P. da Silva, Martyn J. Stenning, Rimvydas Juškaitis, Anna Dubiec, Eduardo Garcia-del-Rey, Jan-Åke Nilsson, Anders Pape Møller, Zihad Bouslama, Arne Lundberg, Cezary Mitrus, Esa Lehikoinen, Jacques Blondel, Carla S. Pimentel, Antero Järvinen, Arie J. van Noordwijk, Toni Laaksonen, Janne T. Seppänen, Wiesław Walankiewicz, Tomasz D. Mazgajski, Jukka T. Forsman, Frank Adriaensen, János Török, Marcel Eens, Tapio Eeva, Hugo Robles, Rianne Pinxten, Juan Carlos Senar, Emilio Barba, Anne Charmantier, Xavier Morin, Clotilde Biard, Camillo Cusimano, Ana Cláudia Norte, Seppo Rytkönen, Judith Morales-Fernaz, Piotr Tryjanowski, Shelley A. Hinsley, Ruedi G. Nager, Mikael von Numers, Lars Gustafsson, Aya Goldshtein, Anne E. Goodenough, Andrew G. Gosler, Jerzy Bańbura, Alberto Sorace, Motti Charter, Virginie Demeyrier, Raivo Mänd, Philippe Perret, Marie Claude Quidoz, Mark C. Mainwaring, Bruno Massa, Staffan Jacob, Bruno Faivre, Santiago Merino, Jordi Camprodon, Markku Orell, Alexandr Artemyev, Arnaud Grégoire, Claire Doutrelant, Dorota Czeszczewik, Bernard Leclercq, Heinz Richner, Iga Góźdź, Philipp Heeb, Erkki Korpimäki, Ilze Priedniece, Mariusz Cichoń, Mikko Mönkkönen, Olli J. Loukola, Ecologie Systématique et Evolution ( ESE ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Evolutionary Ecology Group, University of Antwerp ( UA ), Institute of Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] ( RAS ), Department of Experimental Zoology & Evolutionary Biology, Łódź University of Technology, Terrestrial Vertebrates Research Unit 'Cavanilles', University of Valencia-Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Ecologie et évolution, École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive ( CEFE ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 ( UM3 ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Research Laboratory 'Ecology of Terrestrial and Aquatic Systems', University Badji Mokhtar, Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles [Avignon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Biodiversity Department, Forest Technology Center of Catalonia, (Adresse privée), Society for the Protection of Nature, University of Lausanne, University of Haifa [Haifa], Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University [Krakow] ( UJ ), Stazione Inanellamento c/o Dipartimento SEN-FIMIZO, Università di Palermo, Department of Zoology, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive ( LBBE ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polska Akademia Nauk ( PAN ), Department of Biology (Ethology), Section of Ecology, University of Turku, Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, Department of Biology, University of Oulu, Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de la Laguna, Department of Natural and Social Sciences, University of Gloucestershire, Edward Grey Institute of Field Ornithology-Institute of Human Sciences, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, UMR 5174 CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Centre for Ecology & Hydrology ( CEH ), Natural Environment Research Council ( NERC ), Kilpisjarvi Biological Station, Institute of Ecology of Nature Research Centre, Institute of Ecology & Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] ( CSIC ) -Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Rzeszow University, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Animal Ecology, Lund University [Lund], Department of Biology, Biodiversity, Lund University, Lund, Sweden, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra [Portugal] ( UC ), Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia-University of Lisbon, Latvian Fund for Nature, Laboratory of Ornithology, Palacky University, Institute of Ecology & Evolution ( IEE ), University of Bern, Evolutionary Ecology Group ( GIBE ), University of A Coruña ( UDC ), Unidad Asociada CSIC de Ecología Evolutiva y de la Conducta, Nat-Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo ( UiO ), Luontotutkimus Solonen Oy, SROPU, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Behavioral Ecology Group, Eötvös Loránd University ( ELTE ), Institute of Zoology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology - NIOO-KNAW (NETHERLANDS), Environmental and Marine Biology, Åbo Academy University, Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Antwerp (UA), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Laboratoire Ecologie et évolution, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Jagiellonian University [Krakow] (UJ), Evolution, adaptation et comportement, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Polska Akademia Nauk (PAN), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad de La Laguna [Tenerife - SP] (ULL), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC)-Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN), University of Coimbra [Portugal] (UC), Institute of Ecology & Evolution (IEE), Evolutionary Ecology Group (GIBE), University of A Coruña (UDC), Department of Biosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles (PSH), Centre de Ciència i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie = Jagiellonian University (UJ), Università degli studi di Palermo - University of Palermo, Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Biosciences [Cardiff], Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales [Madrid] (MNCN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Department of Biological and Environmental Science [Jyväskylä Univ] (JYU), University of Jyväskylä (JYU), Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA)-Instituto Superior de Agronomia [Lisboa] (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Palacky University Olomouc, Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Kilpisjärvi Biological Station, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN), Instituto Superior de Agronomia-Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), Animal Ecology (AnE), Møller, A.P., Adriaensen, F., Artemyev, A., Bańbura, J., Barba, E., Biard, C., Blondel, J., Bouslama, Z., Bouvier, J.-C., Camprodon, J., Cecere, F., Charmantier, A., Charter, M., Cichoń, M., Cusimano, C., Czeszczewik, D., Demeyrier, V., Doligez, B., Doutrelant, C., Dubiec, A., Eens, M., Eeva, T., Faivre, B., Ferns, P.N., Forsman, J.T., García-del-Rey, E., Goldshtein, A., Goodenough, A.E., Gosler, A.G., Góźdź, I., Grégoire, A., Gustafsson, L., Hartley, I.R., Heeb, P., Hinsley, S.A., Isenmann, P., Jacob, S., Järvinen, A., Juškaitis, R., Korpimäki, E., Krams, I., Laaksonen, T., Leclercq, B., Lehikoinen, E., Loukola, O., Lundberg, A., Mainwaring, M.C., Mänd, R., Massa, B., Mazgajski, T.D., Merino, S., Mitrus, C., Mönkkönen, M., Morales-Fernaz, J., Morin, X., Nager, R.G., Nilsson, J.-Å., Nilsson, S.G., Norte, A.C., Orell, M., Perret, P., Pimentel, C.S., Pinxten, R., Priedniece, I., Quidoz, M.-C., Remeš, V., Richner, H., Robles, H., Rytkönen, S., Senar, J.C., Seppänen, J.T., da Silva, L.P., Slagsvold, T., Solonen, T., Sorace, A., Stenning, M.J., Török, J., Tryjanowski, P., van Noordwijk, A.J., von Numers, M., Walankiewicz, W., and Lambrechts, M.M.

Subjects
BREEDING SUCCESS, Avian clutch size, Biodiversité et Ecologie, SEXUAL SELECTION, Predation, natural holes, Nest, TITS PARUS-MAJOR, BLUE TITS, QL_671, Original Research, GE, Ecology, hole nesting, STURNUS-VULGARIS, FLYCATCHERS FICEDULA, Chemistry, reaction norm, Sexual selection, international, 1181 Ecology, evolutionary biology, Hole nesting, Hole nesting, natural holes, nest boxes, reaction norm, nest boxes, education, ta1172, Zoology, Biology, Intraspecific competition, Ecology and Environment, Biodiversity and Ecology, Clutch, Nest box, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Ekologi, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Interspecific competition, PIED FLYCATCHERS, PASSERINE BIRDS, Settore AGR/11 - Entomologia Generale E Applicata, ta1181, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, GREAT TITS, THERMAL CONDITIONS
Abstract

© 2014 The Authors. Nests are structures built to support and protect eggs and/or offspring from predators, parasites, and adverse weather conditions. Nests are mainly constructed prior to egg laying, meaning that parent birds must make decisions about nest site choice and nest building behavior before the start of egg-laying. Parent birds should be selected to choose nest sites and to build optimally sized nests, yet our current understanding of clutch size-nest size relationships is limited to small-scale studies performed over short time periods. Here, we quantified the relationship between clutch size and nest size, using an exhaustive database of 116 slope estimates based on 17,472 nests of 21 species of hole and non-hole-nesting birds. There was a significant, positive relationship between clutch size and the base area of the nest box or the nest, and this relationship did not differ significantly between open nesting and hole-nesting species. The slope of the relationship showed significant intraspecific and interspecific heterogeneity among four species of secondary hole-nesting species, but also among all 116 slope estimates. The estimated relationship between clutch size and nest box base area in study sites with more than a single size of nest box was not significantly different from the relationship using studies with only a single size of nest box. The slope of the relationship between clutch size and nest base area in different species of birds was significantly negatively related to minimum base area, and less so to maximum base area in a given study. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that bird species have a general reaction norm reflecting the relationship between nest size and clutch size. Further, they suggest that scientists may influence the clutch size decisions of hole-nesting birds through the provisioning of nest boxes of varying sizes.

Published
2014
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39. Interspecific variation in the relationship between clutch size, laying date and intensity of urbanization in four species of hole-nesting birds

Author

Tomasz D. Mazgajski, Shelley A. Hinsley, Piotr Tryjanowski, Paul Isenmann, Virginie Demeyrier, Xavier Morin, Jordi Camprodon, Toni Laaksonen, Martyn J. Stenning, Philipp Heeb, Francesco Cecere, Erkki Korpimäki, Jan-Åke Nilsson, Mariusz Cichoń, Clotilde Biard, Ana Cláudia Norte, Mikko Mönkkönen, Indrikis Krams, Jacques Blondel, Janne T. Seppänen, Wiesław Walankiewicz, Christopher M. Perrins, Bruno Massa, Marcel M. Lambrechts, Arnaud Grégoire, Rianne Pinxten, Jean-Charles Bouvier, Mikael von Numers, Lars Gustafsson, Bruno Faivre, Claire Doutrelant, Hugo Robles, Luís P. da Silva, Tapio Solonen, Santiago Merino, Anne Charmantier, Anna Dubiec, Anders Pape Møller, Dorota Czeszczewik, Markku Orell, Bernard Leclercq, Alexandr Artemyev, Motti Charter, Philippe Perret, Seppo Rytkönen, Olli J. Loukola, Mark C. Mainwaring, Juan Carlos Senar, Tore Slagsvold, Zihad Bouslama, Raivo Mänd, Aya Goldshtein, Heinz Richner, Staffan Jacob, Jerzy Bańbura, Alberto Sorace, Ian R. Hartley, Jukka T. Forsman, Marie Vaugoyeau, Camillo Cusimano, Emilio Barba, Ruedi G. Nager, Marcel Eens, Iga Harnist, Rimvydas Juškaitis, Peter N. Ferns, Frank Adriaensen, Esa Lehikoinen, Sven G. Nilsson, Blandine Doligez, Cezary Mitrus, Anne E. Goodenough, Eduardo Garcia-del-Rey, Arne Lundberg, Andrew G. Gosler, Tapio Eeva, Carla S. Pimentel, Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Evolutionary Ecology Group, University of Antwerp (UA), Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Center of the Russian Academy of Science (KarRC RAS ), Department of Experimental Zoology & Evolutionary Biology, Łódź University of Technology, Terrestrial Vertebrates Research Unit 'Cavanilles', University of Valencia-Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Ecology of Terrestrial and Aquatic Systems [Annaba], Badji Mokhtar-Annaba University, Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles (PSH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Àrea de Biodiversitat - Grup de Biologia de la Conservació, Centre de Ciència i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC), University of Haifa [Haifa], Society for the Protection of Nature, Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Institute of Environmental Sciences, Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie = Jagiellonian University (UJ), Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, Università degli studi di Palermo - University of Palermo, Department of Zoology, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Evolution, adaptation et comportement, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Behavioural Ecology & Ecophysiology Group, Section of Ecology, University of Turku, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Biosciences [Cardiff], Cardiff University, Department of Ecology, University of Oulu, Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de La Laguna [Tenerife - SP] (ULL), Tel Aviv University [Tel Aviv], Department of Natural and Social Sciences, University of Gloucestershire, Edward Grey Institute of Field Ornithology-Institute of Human Sciences, Department of Animal Ecology - Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Institute of Ecology of Nature Research Centre, Institute of Ecology & Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN), Rzeszow University, Department of Biological and Environmental Science [Jyväskylä Univ] (JYU), University of Jyväskylä (JYU), Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Animal Ecology, Lund University [Lund], Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra [Portugal] (UC)-Institute of Marine Research, Centro de Estudos Florestais, Technical University of Lisbon-Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Didactica Research Unit, Institute of Ecology & Evolution (IEE), University of Bern, Evolutionary Ecology Group (GIBE), University of A Coruña (UDC), Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Department of Biosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), Luontotutkimus Solonen Oy, SROPU, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Institute of Zoology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Environmental and Marine Biology, Åbo Academy University, Funding from University Paris-Sud, FUNDAME and Xunta de Galicia ('Ángeles Alvariño' and 'Plan I2C' postdoctoral programs), FWO-Flanders and the University of Antwerp, project CGL2013-48001-C2-1-P (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation), the OSUOREME, the French ANR, and the ERC (ERC-2013-StG-337365-SHE)., Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Ecology of Terrestrial and Aquatic Systems, University Badji Mokhtar, Centre Tecnològico Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC), Jagiellonian University [Krakow] (UJ), Polska Akademia Nauk (PAN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, School of Bioscience, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC)-Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN), Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Badji Mokhtar Annaba (UBMA), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Tel Aviv University (TAU), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales [Madrid] (MNCN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Technical University of Lisbon-Instituto Superior de Agronomia [Lisboa] (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA)-Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Vaugoyeau, Marie, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Vaugoyeau, M, Adriaensen, F, Artemyev, A, Bańbura, J, Barba, E, Biard, C, Blondel, J, Bouslama, Z, Bouvier. J-C, Camprodon, J, Cecere, F, Charmantier, A, Charter, M, Cichoń, M, Cusimano, C, Czeszczewik, D, Demeyrier, V, Doligez, B, Doutrelant, C, Dubiec, A, Eens, M, Eeva, T, Faivre, B, Ferns, PN, Forsman, JT, García-del-Rey, E, Goldshtein, A, Goodenough, AE, Gosler, AG, Grégoire, A, Gustafsson, L, Harnist, I, Hartley, IR, Heeb, P, Hinsley, SA, Isenmann, P, Jacob, S, Juśkaitis, R, Korpimäki, E, Krams, I, Laaksonen, T, Lambrechts, MM, Leclercq, B, Lehikoinen, E, Loukola, O, Lundberg, A, Mainwaring, MC, Mänd, R, Massa, B, Mazgajski, TD, Merino, S, Mitrus, C, Mönkkönen, M, Morin, X, Nager, RG, Nilsson, J-Å, Nilsson, SG, Norte, AC, Orell, M, Perret, P, Perrins, CM, Pimentel, CS, Pinxten, R, Richner, H, Robles, H, Rytkönen, S, Senar, JC, Seppänen, JT, Pascoal da Silva, L, Slagsvold, T, Solonen, T, Sorace, A, Stenning, MJ, Tryjanowski, P, von Numers, M, Walankiewicz, W, Møller, AP, Ecologie Systématique et Evolution ( ESE ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University of Antwerp ( UA ), Karelian Research Center of the Russian Academy of Science ( KarRC RAS ), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris ( IEES ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 ( UPEC UP12 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive ( CEFE ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 ( UM3 ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles ( PSH ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Centre Tecnològico Forestal de Catalunya ( CTFC ), University of Lausanne, Jagiellonian University [Krakow] ( UJ ), Università degli studi di Palermo, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive ( LBBE ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Polska Akademia Nauk ( PAN ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Universidad de la Laguna, Evolution et Diversité Biologique ( EDB ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre for Ecology & Hydrology ( CEH ), Natural Environment Research Council ( NERC ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] ( CSIC ) -Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, University of Coimbra [Portugal] ( UC ) -Institute of Marine Research, Institute of Ecology & Evolution ( IEE ), Evolutionary Ecology Group ( GIBE ), University of A Coruña ( UDC ), Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas ( CSIC ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] ( CSIC ), Department of Biosciences, and University of Oslo ( UiO )

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Avian clutch size, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, urban heat island effect, 01 natural sciences, Ficedula hypoleuca, orthophotograph, Breeding phenology, orthophotograph, passerine birds, population dynamics, urban heat island effect, Parus major, 11. Sustainability, population dynamics, passerine birds, QL_671, Original Research, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, education.field_of_study, Ecology, Phenology, Cyanistes, breeding phenology, oiseau nicheur, Chemistry, dynamique des populations, Ficedula albicollis, education, Population, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, Ecology and Environment, [ SDV.EE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, reproduction, Cyanistes caeruleus, oiseau, Nest box, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Breeding phenology, Ekologi, Parus, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, urbanisation, Environmental and Society, Ficedula, biology.organism_classification, populaatiodynamiikka, Settore AGR/11 - Entomologia Generale E Applicata, 13. Climate action, ta1181, Environnement et Société, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Zoology
Abstract

Marie Vaugoyeau [et al.], The increase in size of human populations in urban and agricultural areas has resulted in considerable habitat conversion globally. Such anthropogenic areas have specific environmental characteristics, which influence the physiology, life history, and population dynamics of plants and animals. For example, the date of bud burst is advanced in urban compared to nearby natural areas. In some birds, breeding success is determined by synchrony between timing of breeding and peak food abundance. Pertinently, caterpillars are an important food source for the nestlings of many bird species, and their abundance is influenced by environmental factors such as temperature and date of bud burst. Higher temperatures and advanced date of bud burst in urban areas could advance peak caterpillar abundance and thus affect breeding phenology of birds. In order to test whether laying date advance and clutch sizes decrease with the intensity of urbanization, we analyzed the timing of breeding and clutch size in relation to intensity of urbanization as a measure of human impact in 199 nest box plots across Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East (i.e., the Western Palearctic) for four species of hole-nesters: blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus), great tits (Parus major), collared flycatchers (Ficedula albicollis), and pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca). Meanwhile, we estimated the intensity of urbanization as the density of buildings surrounding study plots measured on orthophotographs. For the four study species, the intensity of urbanization was not correlated with laying date. Clutch size in blue and great tits does not seem affected by the intensity of urbanization, while in collared and pied flycatchers it decreased with increasing intensity of urbanization. This is the first large-scale study showing a species-specific major correlation between intensity of urbanization and the ecology of breeding. The underlying mechanisms for the relationships between life history and urbanization remain to be determined. We propose that effects of food abundance or quality, temperature, noise, pollution, or disturbance by humans may on their own or in combination affect laying date and/or clutch size., E. Barba acknowledges funding of project CGL2013-48001-C2-1-P (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation).

Published
2016
Full Text
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40. Clutch-size variation in Western Palaearctic secondary hole-nesting passerine birds in relation to nest box design

Author

Anne E. Goodenough, Alexis S. Chaine, Martyn J. Stenning, Jacques Blondel, Shelley A. Hinsley, Philipp Heeb, Erkki Korpimäki, Olli J. Loukola, Anne Charmantier, Tore Slagsvold, Eduardo Garcia-del-Rey, Paul Isenmann, Carla S. Pimentel, Aya Goldshtein, Arne Lundberg, Jean Charles Bouvier, Andrew F. Russell, Zihad Bouslama, Ilze Priedniece, Jordi Camprodon, Janne T. Seppänen, Markku Orell, Alexandr Artemyev, Camillo Cusimano, Judith Morales-Fernaz, Peter N. Ferns, Vladimír Remeš, Juan Moreno, Frank Adriaensen, János Török, Xavier Morin, Ian R. Hartley, Ruedi G. Nager, Toni Laaksonen, Marcel M. Lambrechts, Christopher M. Perrins, Tapio Eeva, Rimvydas Juškaitis, Seppo Rytkönen, Luís P. da Silva, Arie J. van Noordwijk, Rianne Pinxten, Hugo Robles, Juan Carlos Senar, Bruno Faivre, Piotr Tryjanowski, Andrew G. Gosler, Tapio Solonen, Arnaud Grégoire, Jerzy Bańbura, Alberto Sorace, Staffan Jacob, Sven G. Nilsson, Heinz Richner, Motti Charter, Clotilde Biard, Blandine Doligez, Wiesaw Walankiewicz, Anders Pape Møller, Claire Doutrelant, Cezary Mitrus, Mikael von Numers, Raivo Mänd, Marcel Eens, Lars Gustafsson, Ana Cláudia Norte, Santiago Merino, Mariusz Cichoń, Mikko Mönkkönen, Esa Lehikoinen, Francesco Cecere, Dorota Czeszczewik, Bernard Leclercq, Antero Järvinen, Anna Dubiec, Wojciech Kania, Jan-Åke Nilsson, Indrikis Krams, Iga Góźdź, Philippe Perret, Marie Claude Quidoz, Mark C. Mainwaring, Jukka T. Forsman, Bruno Massa, Tomasz D. Mazgajski, Emilio Barba, Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Evolutionary Ecology Group, University of Antwerp (UA), Institute of Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Department of Experimental Zoology & Evolutionary Biology, Łódź University of Technology, Terrestrial Vertebrates Research Unit 'Cavanilles', University of Valencia-Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Laboratoire Ecologie et évolution, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Research Laboratory 'Ecology of Terrestrial and Aquatic Systems', University Badji Mokhtar, Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles (PSH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Biodiversity Department, Centre de Ciència i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC), Station d’Ecologie Expérimentale du CNRS à Moulis (SEEM), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Haifa [Haifa], Society for the Protection of Nature, Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Institute of Environmental Sciences, Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie = Jagiellonian University (UJ), Stazione Inanellamento c/o Dipartimento SEN-FIMIZO, Università di Palermo, Department of Zoology, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Evolution, adaptation et comportement, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Department of Biology (Ethology), Section of Ecology, University of Turku, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Biosciences [Cardiff], Cardiff University, Department of Biology, University of Oulu, Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de La Laguna [Tenerife - SP] (ULL), Tel Aviv University [Tel Aviv], Department of Natural and Social Sciences, University of Gloucestershire, Edward Grey Institute of Field Ornithology-Institute of Human Sciences, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, The Lodge, RSPB, Kilpisjarvi Biological Station, Institute of Ecology of Nature Research Centre, Ornithological Station, Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN)-Museum and Institute of Zoology, Institute of Ecology & Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN), Rzeszow University, Department of Biological and Environmental Science [Jyväskylä Univ] (JYU), University of Jyväskylä (JYU), Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Animal Ecology, Lund University [Lund], Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra [Portugal] (UC), Centro de Estudos Florestais, Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA)-Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Latvian Fund for Nature, Laboratory of Ornithology, Palacky University Olomouc, Institute of Ecology & Evolution (IEE), University of Bern, Unidad Asociada CSIC de Ecología Evolutiva y de la Conducta, Nat-Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona, Department of Biosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), Luontotutkimus Solonen Oy, SROPU, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Behavioral Ecology Group, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Institute of Zoology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology - NIOO-KNAW (NETHERLANDS), Environmental and Marine Biology, Åbo Academy University, Study supported by Academy of Finland (Project Number 265859), by the Spanish Research Council-CSIC, by the European Social Fund (programme 'Junta para la Ampliacion de Estudios'), by OTKA (Project Number 75618) and by Fundacion Alfonso Martin Escudero and Xunta de Galicia (Angeles Alvarino program and Plan I2C postdoctoral grant)., Ecologie Systématique et Evolution ( ESE ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University of Antwerp ( UA ), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] ( RAS ), Ecologie et évolution, École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive ( CEFE ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 ( UM3 ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Unité Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles ( PSH ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Forest Technology Center of Catalonia, Station d'Ecologie Expérimentale du CNRS, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University of Lausanne, Jagiellonian University [Krakow] ( UJ ), Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive ( LBBE ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Polska Akademia Nauk ( PAN ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), School of Bioscience, Universidad de la Laguna, Evolution et Diversité Biologique ( EDB ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Polska Akademia Nauk ( PAN ) -Museum and Institute of Zoology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] ( CSIC ) -Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, University of Coimbra [Portugal] ( UC ), Instituto Superior de Agronomia-University of Lisbon, Palacky University, Institute of Ecology & Evolution ( IEE ), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo ( UiO ), Eötvös Loránd University ( ELTE ), Animal Population Biology, Animal Ecology (AnE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Jagiellonian University [Krakow] (UJ), Polska Akademia Nauk (PAN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Polska Akademia Nauk (PAN)-Museum and Institute of Zoology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC)-Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN), Møller, AP, Adriaensen, F, Artemyev, A, Bańbura, J, Barba, E, Biard, C, Blondel, J, Bouslama, Z, Bouvier, JC, Camprodon, J, Cecere, C, Chaine, A, Charmantier, A, Charter, M, Cichoń, M, Cusimano, C, Czeszczewik, D, Doligez, B, Doutrelant, C, Dubiec, A, Eens, M, Eeva, T, Faivre, B, Ferns, PN, Forsman, JT, García-del-Rey, E, Goldshtein, A, Goodenough, AE, Gosler, AG, Góźdź, I, Grégoire, A, Gustafsson, L, Hartley, IR, Heeb, P, Hinsley, SA, Isenmann, P, Jacob, S, Järvinen, A, Juškaitis, R, Kania, W, Korpimäki, E, Krams, I, Laaksonen, T, Leclercq, B, Lehikoinen, E, Loukola, O, Lundberg, A, Mainwaring, MC, Mänd, R, Massa, B, Mazgajski, TD, Merino, S, Mitrus, C, Mönkkönen, M, Morales-Fernaz, J, Moreno, J, Morin, X, Nager, RG, Nilsson, JA, Nilsson, SG, Norte, AC, Orell, M, Perret, P, Perrins, CM, Pimentel, CS, Pinxten, R, Priedniece, I, Quidoz, MC, Remeš, V, Richner, H, Robles, H, Russell, A, Rytkönen, S, Senar, JC, Seppänen, JT, Pascoal da Silva, L, Slagsvold, T, Solonen, T, Sorace, A, Stenning, MJ, Török, J, Tryjanowski, P, van Noordwijk, AJ, von Numers, M, Walankiewicz, W, Lambrechts, MM, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Università degli studi di Palermo - University of Palermo, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Tel Aviv University (TAU), Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales [Madrid] (MNCN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA)-Instituto Superior de Agronomia [Lisboa] (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona, European Commission, and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Avian clutch size, Nest box floor area, habitat, Nest boxmaterial, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 010605 ornithology, [ SDV.EE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Nest, biology.animal, nest box material, Nest box, Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Geographic location, Parus, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Latitude, biology, Ecology, Ecological Modeling, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, longitude, Cyanistes, Ficedula, nest box floor area, latitude, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Bird nest, Passerine, Habitat, Chemistry, Settore AGR/11 - Entomologia Generale E Applicata, Longitude, geographic location, international, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Hole nesting, natural holes, nest boxes, reaction norm
Abstract

Møller, A.P. [et al.], Secondary hole-nesting birds that do not construct nest holes themselves and hence regularly breed in nest boxes constitute important model systems for field studies in many biological disciplines with hundreds of scientists and amateurs involved. Those research groups are spread over wide geographic areas that experience considerable variation in environmental conditions, and researchers provide nest boxes of varying designs that may inadvertently introduce spatial and temporal variation in reproductive parameters. We quantified the relationship between mean clutch size and nest box size and material after controlling for a range of environmental variables in four of the most widely used model species in the Western Palaearctic: great tit Parus major, blue tit Cyanistes caeruleus, pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca and collared flycatcher F. albicollis from 365 populations and 79 610 clutches. Nest floor area and nest box material varied non-randomly across latitudes and longitudes, showing that scientists did not adopt a random box design. Clutch size increased with nest floor area in great tits, but not in blue tits and flycatchers. Clutch size of blue tits was larger in wooden than in concrete nest boxes. These findings demonstrate that the size of nest boxes and material used to construct nest boxes can differentially affect clutch size in different species. The findings also suggest that the nest box design may affect not only focal species, but also indirectly other species through the effects of nest box design on productivity and therefore potentially population density and hence interspecific competition. © 2014 The Authors. Methods in Ecology and Evolution © 2014 British Ecological Society., J. Morales by the Spanish Research Council-CSIC and the European Social Fund (programme Junta para la Ampliación de Estudios).

Published
2014
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42. Lie to me to lay with me: Females deceive males via terminal investment.

Author

Mendoza-Díaz de León L, Cordero-Molina S, Krams I, and Contreras-Garduño J

Subjects
Female, Male, Animals, Tenebrio physiology, Tenebrio drug effects, Paraquat pharmacology, Sexual Behavior, Animal drug effects, Sexual Behavior, Animal physiology, Lipopolysaccharides pharmacology
Abstract

Historically, males have frequently been portrayed as the manipulative and deceptive gender, while females are often seen as adopting a coy and passive role. In this context, it is proposed that males use a terminal investment strategy, misleading females about their true poor condition, while females passively opt to mate with these deceptive males. However, we hypothesize that females in suboptimal condition may also engage in a terminal investment strategy by mimicking or enhancing their attractiveness to match that of females in better conditions. We studied this hypothesis in Tenebrio molitor, by subjecting females to three varying doses of lipopolysaccharides of Escherichia coli (LPS; 0.25, 0.5, or 1 mg ml-1), or three doses of the pro-oxidant Paraquat (PQ; 20, 40 or 80 mM), and subsequently assessing their survival and attractiveness to males. The LPS treatments and 20 mM of PQ had no significant effect on the survival or attractiveness of the females. However, females treated with 40 or 80 mM PQ survived fewer days compared to the control group. Those injected with 40 mM were more attractive than their control counterparts, while those treated with 80 mM were less attractive. Since the identical doses of LPS, which induce terminal investment in males, had no effect on females, we suggest sexual dimorphism in terminal investment. Furthermore, similar to males, if the stressor reaches a sufficiently high level, the signal becomes honest. These findings highlight how the quantity of stressors influences support for the terminal investment strategy in both males and females. Notably, this study challenges prevailing notions regarding gender roles in sexual selection, indicating that females, not just males, conceal their poor condition to attract mating partners., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Mendoza-Díaz de León et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Published
2024
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43. Immune response in paper wasp workers: Task matters more than age.

Author

Prato A, Fernando Santos E, Mendes Ferreira H, Akemi Oi C, Santos do Nascimento F, Rantala MJ, Krams I, and Rodrigues de Souza A

Subjects
Bees, Animals, Social Behavior, Behavior, Animal physiology, Immunity, Wasps physiology, Ants physiology
Abstract

Workers of social hymenopterans (ants, bees and wasps) display specific tasks depending on whether they are younger or older. The relative importance of behavior and age in modulating immune function has seldom been addressed. We compared the strength of encapsulation-melanization immune response (hereafter melanotic encapsulation) in paper wasps displaying age polyethism or experimentally prevented from behavioral specialization. Foragers of Polybia paulista had higher melanotic encapsulation than guards, regardless of their age. Nevertheless, melanotic encapsulation decreased with age when wasps were prevented from behavioral specialization. Thus, in this species, worker melanotic encapsulation seems more sensitive to task than age. Foraging is considered one of the riskier behaviors in terms of pathogen exposure, so upregulating melanotic encapsulation in foragers can possibly improve both individual and colony-level resistance against infections., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
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44. The effect of yin yoga intervention on state and trait anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Author

Somere K, Munkevics M, Krams R, Rača G, Luoto S, and Krams I

Abstract

Introduction: Although some findings indicate that yoga can reduce stress and anxiety, many studies present mixed results. The potential of yoga interventions to alleviate anxiety, including the mechanisms and boundary conditions by which it does so, is an under-researched topic. Anxiety is often divided into "state anxiety" and "trait anxiety," the former being a temporary reaction to stressful events, while the latter is a more stable personality feature that responds to adverse situations or perceived threats., Materials and Methods: This study investigates whether a yin yoga intervention delivered online reduces state anxiety immediately after each yoga session and whether the anxiety levels are significantly lower at the end of the 10-week yoga intervention than at the beginning of the study. We also predicted no effect of yin yoga intervention on trait anxiety. The study was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic when participants ( N = 48 Latvian women) experienced heightened anxiety levels., Results: This study shows that a ten-week online yin yoga intervention significantly reduced state anxiety in the intervention group compared with the control group. State anxiety levels also significantly decreased after each yin yoga session, providing more support for the anxiety-reducing effect of yin yoga. In contrast, yoga participation did not cause differences in trait anxiety between the control and intervention groups, even though trait anxiety decreased in the intervention group and increased in the control group over the study period., Conclusion: The positive effects of yin yoga on state anxiety indicate the potential of yin yoga intervention as a first-line treatment to control and reduce state anxiety, with possible additional effects on trait anxiety., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Somere, Munkevics, Krams, Rača, Luoto and Krams.)

Published
2024
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45. A diabetes-like biochemical and behavioural phenotype of Drosophila induced by predator stress.

Author

Krama T, Bahhir D, Ots L, Popovs S, Bartkevičs V, Pugajeva I, Krams R, Merivee E, Must A, Rantala MJ, Krams I, and Jõers P

Subjects
Animals, Humans, Drosophila, Drosophila melanogaster, Predatory Behavior physiology, Food Chain, Diabetes Mellitus, Metabolic Diseases
Abstract

Predation can have both lethal and non-lethal effects on prey. The non-lethal effects of predation can instil changes in prey life history, behaviour, morphology and physiology, causing adaptive evolution. The chronic stress caused by sustained predation on prey is comparable to chronic stress conditions in humans. Conditions like anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress syndrome have also been implicated in the development of metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes. In this study, we found that predator stress induced during larval development in fruit flies Drosophila melanogaster impairs carbohydrate metabolism by systemic inhibition of Akt protein kinase, which is a central regulator of glucose uptake. However, Drosophila grown with predators survived better under direct spider predation in the adult phase. Administration of metformin and 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), a precursor of the neurotransmitter serotonin, reversed these effects. Our results demonstrate a direct link between predator stress and metabolic impairment, suggesting that a diabetes-like biochemical phenotype may be adaptive in terms of survival and reproductive success. We provide a novel animal model to explore the mechanisms responsible for the onset of these metabolic disorders, which are highly prevalent in human populations.

Published
2023
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46. The son-killer microbe Arsenophonus nasoniae is a widespread associate of the parasitic wasp Nasonia vitripennis in Europe.

Author

Nadal-Jimenez P, Frost CL, Cláudia Norte A, Garrido-Bautista J, Wilkes TE, Connell R, Rice A, Krams I, Eeva T, Christe P, Moreno-Rueda G, and Hurst GDD

Subjects
Female, Male, Animals, Nuclear Family, Enterobacteriaceae, Insecta, Europe, Wasps microbiology, Gammaproteobacteria
Abstract

Heritable microbes that exhibit reproductive parasitism are common in insects. One class of these are the male-killing bacteria, which are found in a broad range of insect hosts. Commonly, our knowledge of the incidence of these microbes is based on one or a few sampling sites, and the degree and causes of spatial variation are unclear. In this paper, we examine the incidence of the son-killer microbe Arsenophonus nasoniae across European populations of its wasp host, Nasonia vitripennis. In preliminary work, we noticed two female N. vitripennis producing highly female biased sex ratios in a field study from the Netherlands and Germany. When tested, the brood from Germany was revealed to be infected with A. nasoniae. We then completed a broad survey in 2012, in which fly pupal hosts of N. vitripennis were collected from vacated birds' nests from four European populations, N. vitripennis wasps allowed to emerge and then tested for A. nasoniae presence through PCR assay. We then developed a new screening methodology based on direct PCR assays of fly pupae and applied this to ethanol-preserved material collected from great tit (Parus major) nests in Portugal. These data show A. nasoniae is found widely in European N. vitripennis, being present in Germany, the UK, Finland, Switzerland and Portugal. Samples varied in the frequency with which they carry A. nasoniae, from being rare to being present in 50% of the pupae parasitised by N. vitripennis. Direct screening of ethanol-preserved fly pupae was an effective method for revealing both wasp and A. nasoniae infection, and will facilitate sample transport across national boundaries. Future research should examine the causes of variation in frequency, in particular testing the hypothesis that N. vitripennis superparasitism rates drive the variation in A. nasoniae frequency through providing opportunities for infectious transmission., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Gregory Hurst reports financial support was provided by Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council. Gregory Hurst reports financial support was provided by Natural Environment Research Council. Eeva Tapio reports financial support was provided by Academy of Finland. Indirikis Krams reports financial support was provided by Latvian Council of Sciences. Ana Norte reports financial support was provided by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia. Gregorio Moreno-Rueda reports financial support was provided by Spanish Ministry of Education., (Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2023
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47. Flock size increases with the diversity and abundance of local predators in an avian family.

Author

Beauchamp G and Krams I

Subjects
Humans, Animals, Phylogeny, Ecology, Predatory Behavior physiology, Acclimatization, Passeriformes
Abstract

Group living has long been viewed as an adaptation to reduce predation risk. Earlier comparative analyses provided support for the hypothesis but typically ignored variation in group size at the local scale and included proxies of predation risk rather than more direct estimates. Here, we related variation in group size at the scale of a study site in various species with the diversity and abundance of local predators. If larger groups provide protection against predators, we expected larger groups to evolve in species facing locally more diverse and abundant predators. We examined this hypothesis in one avian family, the Paridae, which are small arboreal birds that include some of the better studied species in ecology. From the literature, we gathered 275 flock size estimates from 34 species. In a phylogenetic framework and controlling for the potential confounding effect of latitude, we found that flock size increased with predation risk but only in flocks that included more than one species. We suggest that competition sets an upper limit to the size of flocks including conspecifics only. Joining flocks with other species, thus, allows individuals to increase flock size in response to higher predation risk without a substantial increase in competition. Overall, our results based on more direct estimates of predation risk provide further comparative evidence for an association between predation and the evolution of flocking in birds., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Published
2023
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48. The effect of climate change on avian offspring production: A global meta-analysis.

Author

Halupka L, Arlt D, Tolvanen J, Millon A, Bize P, Adamík P, Albert P, Arendt WJ, Artemyev AV, Baglione V, Bańbura J, Bańbura M, Barba E, Barrett RT, Becker PH, Belskii E, Bolton M, Bowers EK, Bried J, Brouwer L, Bukacińska M, Bukaciński D, Bulluck L, Carstens KF, Catry I, Charter M, Chernomorets A, Covas R, Czuchra M, Dearborn DC, de Lope F, Di Giacomo AS, Dombrovski VC, Drummond H, Dunn MJ, Eeva T, Emmerson LM, Espmark Y, Fargallo JA, Gashkov SI, Golubova EY, Griesser M, Harris MP, Hoover JP, Jagiełło Z, Karell P, Kloskowski J, Koenig WD, Kolunen H, Korczak-Abshire M, Korpimäki E, Krams I, Krist M, Krüger SC, Kuranov BD, Lambin X, Lombardo MP, Lyakhov A, Marzal A, Møller AP, Neves VC, Nielsen JT, Numerov A, Orłowska B, Oro D, Öst M, Phillips RA, Pietiäinen H, Polo V, Porkert J, Potti J, Pöysä H, Printemps T, Prop J, Quillfeldt P, Ramos JA, Ravussin PA, Rosenfield RN, Roulin A, Rubenstein DR, Samusenko IE, Saunders DA, Schaub M, Senar JC, Sergio F, Solonen T, Solovyeva DV, Stępniewski J, Thompson PM, Tobolka M, Török J, van de Pol M, Vernooij L, Visser ME, Westneat DF, Wheelwright NT, Wiącek J, Wiebe KL, Wood AG, Wuczyński A, Wysocki D, Zárybnická M, Margalida A, and Halupka K

Subjects
Animals, Female, Seasons, Chickens, Reproduction, Climate Change, Life History Traits
Abstract

Climate change affects timing of reproduction in many bird species, but few studies have investigated its influence on annual reproductive output. Here, we assess changes in the annual production of young by female breeders in 201 populations of 104 bird species (N = 745,962 clutches) covering all continents between 1970 and 2019. Overall, average offspring production has declined in recent decades, but considerable differences were found among species and populations. A total of 56.7% of populations showed a declining trend in offspring production (significant in 17.4%), whereas 43.3% exhibited an increase (significant in 10.4%). The results show that climatic changes affect offspring production through compounded effects on ecological and life history traits of species. Migratory and larger-bodied species experienced reduced offspring production with increasing temperatures during the chick-rearing period, whereas smaller-bodied, sedentary species tended to produce more offspring. Likewise, multi-brooded species showed increased breeding success with increasing temperatures, whereas rising temperatures were unrelated to reproductive success in single-brooded species. Our study suggests that rapid declines in size of bird populations reported by many studies from different parts of the world are driven only to a small degree by changes in the production of young.

Published
2023
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49. Effect of juvenile hormone on phenoloxidase and hemocyte number: The role of age, sex, and immune challenge.

Author

Amaro-Sánchez T, Ruiz-Guzmán G, Hernández-Martínez S, Krams I, Rantala MJ, and Contreras-Garduño J

Subjects
Animals, Monophenol Monooxygenase, Hemocytes, Reproduction, Juvenile Hormones pharmacology, Methoprene
Abstract

Hormones are key factors in determining the response of organisms to their environment. For example, the juvenile hormone (JH) coordinates the insects' development, reproduction, and survival. However, it is still unclear how the impact of juvenile hormone on insect immunity varies depending on the sex and reproductive state of the individual, as well as the type of the immune challenge (i.e., Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria). We used Tenebrio molitor and methoprene, a JH analog (JHa) to explore these relationships. We tested the effect of methoprene on phenoloxidase activity (PO), an important component of humoral immunity in insects, and hemocyte number. Lyophilized Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus or Gram-negative Escherichia coli were injected for the immune challenge. The results suggest that JH did not affect the proPO, PO activity, or hemocyte number of larvae. JH and immune challenge affected the immune response and consequently, affected adult developmental stage and sex. We propose that the influence of JH on the immune response depends on age, sex, the immune response parameter, and the immune challenge, which may explain the contrasting results about the role of JH in the insect immune response., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare no competing or financial interests., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Published
2023
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50. The honey bees immune memory.

Author

Burciaga RA, Ruiz-Guzmán G, Lanz-Mendoza H, Krams I, and Contreras-Garduño J

Subjects
Animals, Bees, Defensins, Hemocytes metabolism, Immunologic Memory, Escherichia coli metabolism, Monophenol Monooxygenase metabolism
Abstract

Invertebrates' immune priming or innate immune memory is an analogous response to the vertebrates' adaptive memory. We investigated if honey bees have immune memory. We compared survival and immune response between bees that were: 1) manipulated (Naïve), 2) challenged twice with the same pathogen Escherichia coli (Memory), 3) challenged twice with different pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus versus E. coli, Micrococcus lysodeikticus versus E. coli), or 4) with PBS (the diluent of bacteria) versus E. coli (heterologous challenge; Control). Results indicate better survival in the Memory than the Control group, and the Memory group showed a similar survival than Naïve insects. The Memory group had higher lytic activity but lower prophenoloxidase, phenoloxidase activity, and hemocyte count than the Control and Naïve groups. No differences were found in relative expression of defensin-1. This first demonstration of immune memory opens the questions about its molecular mechanisms and whether, immune memory could be used against natural parasites that affect honey bees, hence, if they could be "vaccinated" against some natural parasites., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest All authors declare that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2023
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