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Individuals who perceive themselves as “overweight” experience higher negative body-related self-conscious emotions than those who do not. Theoretical and empirical evidence suggests internalized weight stigma may be an important mediator of the relationship between weight perception and self-conscious emotions. Overcoming common measurement limitations and sampling limitations, the present study investigated whether gender moderates the associations among weight perceptions, internalized weight stigma, and negative body-related self-conscious emotions in 104 young adults (64 % women). Individuals who perceived themselves as too heavy (52 %) experienced higher body-related shame and guilt compared to those who perceived themselves as about right. Internalized weight stigma mediated these associations in women but not men, such that perceiving oneself as too heavy was associated with higher internalized weight stigma, which was associated with higher body-related shame and guilt in women. Results underscore the importance of internalized weight stigma as a potential target for intervention among women of diverse weight statuses who are prone to experiencing body-related shame and guilt.

Studies examining the associations between categorical assessments of eating disorders (ED) and personality have produced some inconsistent findings. The present study aimed to clarify these inconsistencies by implementing a dimensional approach when assessing ED behaviors and personality psychopathology. Associations between pathological personality trait facets and heterogeneous ED behaviors (i.e., restriction, compensatory behaviors, and binge eating) were examined. Participants were 570 community adults (247 women) recruited through Mechanical Turk. The Personality Inventory for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (PID-5), was used to assess the pathological personality trait facets. Items from two validated eating pathology scales were used to measure ED behaviors. Two structural equation models-an exploratory model and a theoretical model-were tested for each ED behavior. The exploratory model allowed all PID-5 personality facets to predict the ED behaviors. The theoretical models estimated paths from specific PID-5 facets to the ED behaviors. The theoretical model was an attempt to corroborate previous literature where distinct personality profiles have distinguished individuals with different EDs. The theoretical model was considered the most parsimonious model for all three ED behaviors, and each theoretical model revealed a pattern of significant associations with personality trait facets-restriction was significantly associated with higher rigid perfectionism, and binge eating was significantly associated with higher impulsivity and anxiousness. Only the significant associations with binge eating remained statistically significant when men and women were examined separately. When a dimensional model is applied, significant relationships emerge between heterogeneous ED behaviors and PID-5 trait facets. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Body-related self-conscious emotions such as shame, guilt, envy, and embarrassment are highly prevalent in sport contexts and are associated with poor sport experiences and lower participation amon...

Purpose: This study examined the association between self-perceived actual and ideal body sizes and objectively assessed moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) among adolescents, controlling for puberty, fat mass index, and sex. A secondary objective was to explore the association between objectively assessed fat mass index and MVPA. Methods: Participants were 438 early adolescents (Mage = 11.61, SD = 0.92). Participants selected body sizes that represented their self-perceived actual and ideal bodies. Participants then wore an accelerometer for 1 week to assess MVPA. Polynomial regression analysis with response surface methods was used to explore MVPA in relation to the discrepancy and agreement (ie, no discrepancy) between self-perceived actual and ideal body sizes. Results: When self-perceived actual and ideal body sizes were in agreement and represented smaller and larger bodies, MVPA was low. Participants with similar self-perceived actual and ideal bodies in the middle of the body-size spectrum demonstrated the highest levels of MVPA. The direction and degree of the discrepancy between self-perceived actual and ideal bodies were not significantly associated with MVPA. Fat mass index was significantly and negatively associated with MVPA. Conclusions: These findings may inform physical activity promotion programs and provide methodological contributions to the study of how body image and MVPA are related.

Oscar-winning film director Andrzej Wajda (1929–2016) was an avid collector of all information relating to himself and his film-making. In 1978 he made a documentary film about a fellow collector, Ludwig Zimmerer (1924–1987), who accumulated thousands of paintings and objects of Polish folk art. This article tells the stories of these two men and their collections. I suggest that an investigation into the lives and times of Wajda and Zimmerer can shed new light on the psychological processes that inform collecting. Rather than dismissing the compulsion to collect as a product of neurosis, as some previous interpretations have done, I argue here that we should read it as a productive and compensatory method for curing addictions.

Body-related emotions have been identified as important predictors of mental and physical health. Evaluations of the physical self are inextricably linked with body-related emotions. However, little research has addressed how physical self-concept is associated with anticipated emotions and how associations may differ between men and women. The current study examined associations between physical self-concept and anticipated guilt and shame and examined gender as a moderator of these associations. The sample consisted of 353 Canadian undergraduate students (55% female; Mage = 21.94. range = 18–64). Participants read a hypothetical scenario commonly associated with guilt and shame experiences and were asked to anticipate their emotional experience when imagining themselves in the scenario. Participants also indicated their gender and completed a measure of physical self-concept. Gender moderated the relationship between physical self-concept and anticipated shame but not guilt. Specifically, there was a negative association between physical self-concept and anticipated shame for women but not for men. Findings are consistent with the notion that gender role socialization shapes the emotional experiences, specifically feelings of shame, of men and women differently. The results demonstrate that even imagining a situation that runs counter to societal ideals for women’s bodies as thin and toned coincides with the anticipation of shame among adult women with more negative physical self-concept.

Masteroppgave(MSc) in Master of Science in Business, Leadership and Change - Handelshøyskolen BI, 2022 Globalization in the business world has increased the need to understand how cultural differences affect leadership performance. An individual’s cultural frame affects how they perceive the world around them, influencing their interactions with other people, reactions to events, and attitudes toward leaders. The foundations of structure and communication in multicultural teams can further be distorted by crises, throwing a wrench in organizational routines. Since a growing number of maritime accidents are attributed to ineffective communication and misinterpretation of different behaviors on multilingual and multicultural vessels, cultural complexity in the shipping industry has gained intensive attention. Although research literature in cross-cultural management has increased substantially in the past years, there remains a gap in research on crisis management in cross-cultural teams. Hence, the aim of this study was to contribute to an enhanced understanding of cultural differences in the context of crisis management. An exploratory, qualitative study was conducted to answer the research question. After reviewing the relevant literature, the authors conducted semi-structured in-depth interviews with six male leaders from the shipping industry to address their experiences with crisis management in a multicultural workplace. The results reveal that culture affects various aspects of crisis management. Language misunderstandings, insufficient cooperation, or conflicting expectations can all influence how a crisis is handled. In order to benefit from cultural diversity in a crisis, the leader’s ability to include team members seems to be crucial. The findings emphasize the importance of cultural competency and that a cultural approach should be incorporated in all phases of crisis management.