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Actinidia arguta (Sieb. et Zucc.) Planch. ex Miq. or mini kiwi is a valuable fruit and berry crop. Nowadays, it is important to use biotechnological methods to propagate rare cultivars of A. arguta successfully introduced in temperate climate. The purpose of the study was to optimize the techniques for cultivating promising cultivars of A. arguta at the micropropagation stage to develop an effective method for its clonal micropropagation. The studies were carried out in 2022 at the Plant Biotechnology Laboratory of the Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Promising cultivars (‘Solnechny’, ‘Zolotaya Kosa’ and ‘Taezhny Dar’) bred at the Federal Horticultural Center for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery, as well as selective male form of A. arguta were the objects of the current study. During the research process, the influence of genetic features and the composition of the culture medium on the regeneration capacity of A. arguta was established. 6-benzylaminopurine, meta-topolin and thidiazuron were used as a plant growth regulator. It was found that on the Quorin and Lepoivre (QL) culture medium, in the case of an increase in the concentration of 6-benzylaminopurine from 0.5 to 1.0 mg/l, the length of microshoots decreased in ‘Solnechny’ (from 18.8 ± 0.7 to 12.4 ± 0.6 mm) and ‘Taezhny Dar’ (from 22.8 ± 1.0 to 19.1 ± 1.1 mm). At the same time, the use of the studied 6-benzylaminopurine concentrations contributed to an increase in the multiplication rate in most cultivars, but no significant differences were found. Simultaneously, the effectiveness of 0.5 mg/l meta-topolin in QL medium, compared with 0.5 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine and 0.5 mg/l thidiazuron, was established. During culturing on a medium with meta-topolin, in most cultivars, both the length of microshoots (from 21.2 ± 1.1 to 31.2 ± 1.1 mm, depending on the cultivar) and the multiplication rate (from 9.0 ± 0.7 to 14, 8 ± 0.8) increased. The addition of thidiazuron to QL medium caused various morphological abnormalities in A.arguta explants.

Studies were carried out to create highly heterotic interlinear winter rye hybrids F1 based on Pampa CMS and to identify high-yielding combinations with the best grain quality. More than 350 relatively highly productive and short-stemmed inbred forms were obtained by repeated inbreeding of self-fertile plants. Analogs with sterile Pampa cytoplasm were created using 40 of the best lines by saturating backcrosses. Interline crosses were carried out and lines with high general and specific combining ability, as well as forms with complete restoration of fertility and fixing of sterility, were identified. Based on inbred lines originating from the Saratov (H-1185, H-1247) and Vyatka (H-1423, H-1432) gene pools, by crossing a simple interline hybrid F1 (cms H-1185 × mf H-1247) with a two-line synthetic C-899/20 Rf (obtained from crossing the lines Н-1423 and Н-1432), a promising commercial rye hybrid Nemchinovsky 1 was created. During the years of competitive testing (2017–2020), its average yield was 6.4 t/ha, which is 0.63 t/ha, or 10.9%, higher than for the Valdai reference. This was due to the higher number of ears per 1 m2 (by 98 pcs.). The average plant height was 136 cm, which is 3 cm lower than the reference. Due to the strong stem, the hybrid is characterized by better lodging resistance, while its winter hardiness and thousand kernel weight are comparable to those of the reference. Nemchinovsky 1 is characterized by better indicators of grain quality: it consistently outperforms the reference in terms of amylogram height (by 64 units), falling number (by 41 s), starch gelatinization temperature (by 1°C), viscosity of aqueous extract of grain meal (by 0.7 cP), and shape stability of hearth bread (by 0.04 units).

The regenerative capacity of Echinacea hybrid cultivar Mama Mia and the selected somaclonal variegated variant at the propagation and rooting stages was compared. The influence of the 6-BAP concentration in the MS culture medium on the microrosette formation at the propagation stage was studied. The highest morphogenetic potential of the selected form in comparison with the cultivar Mama Mia was found. It was shown that ½ MS culture medium supplemented with 0.3 mg/L IAA was the optimal medium for effective development of the root system of the genus Echinacea representatives at the rooting stage.

The article presents the results of the study on the morphogenesis peculiarities of Ribes uva-crispa L. varieties at all stages of in vitro cultivation and adaptation to ex vitro conditions. The optimal method of sterilization at the initiation stage to in vitro culture was established: consistent application of 2 % «Fundazole» solution with an exposure of 10-15 minutes, 70 % ethanol for 30 seconds and 7 % calcium hypochlorite for 5-7 minutes. The maximum number of viable gooseberry regenerants was obtained in the selection of initial explants during the beginning of active shoots growth (April – early May). The regeneration frequency was 70-80 %, depending on the variety. The optimal size of explants, the mineral and carbohydrate composition of the culture medium, and the cultivation conditions at the propagation stage were determined. The highest multiplication rate was characterized by varieties: Grushenka (6.1-6.7), Beryl (3.1-4.9) and Chernomor (3.5-4.5). It has been established that Quorin and Lepoivre culture medium was the most eff ective medium for the cultivation of the studied gooseberry varieties. As a source of carbohydrates, the use of sucrose at a concentration of 30 g/L was optimal. It was found eff ective to cultivate gooseberries for 20-25 days at a reduced temperature (16-18 °C) at the propagation stage. The efficiency of using 1.0 mg/l IBA at the rooting stage was revealed. The use of sphagnum as part of the soil substrate at the adaptation of gooseberry regenerants contributed to a high survival rate (97-100 %) in all substrate variants. The study of the infl uence of the composition of the soil substrate on the growth dynamics of regenerants showed that the adaptation of gooseberries was eff ectively carried out on a substrate consisting of peat and sphagnum.

Results of studying the correlation dependence and ecological variability of grain quality features of 18 varieties of winter rye grown in 2014–2019 in a wide range of the weather factors are presented. The following features were studied: the water extract viscosity (WEV), the falling number (FN), the amilogram height (AH), shape stability of hearth bread (H/D), starch gelatinization temperature (T, °C), quality of pan bread’s crumb, bread volume, grain nature, weight of 1000 grains, and the content of protein and starch in grain. Coefficient of an ecological variation (CVе), phenotypical stability (SF), ecological plasticity bi, and coefficient of heritability H2 were calculated for each feature. It is shown that the level of quality of toppling and square loaf from rye was authentically defined by the amilogram height, falling number, temperature of starch gelatinization, and viscosity of water extract (r = 0.48–0.83). Amilogram height and falling number most strongly varied under the influence of weather conditions of the year. The Alfa variety with high FN and high-viscosity population GK-494HV had the best baking qualities. Low-viscosity population GK-614LV was steadily distinguished from the worst varieties. It is shown that the high potential of WEV is an important feature improving the baking properties of rye grain. The adaptive potential of GK-494HV and GK-614LV populations was compared. It resulted in a tenfold divergent selection on the basis of WEV. It is established that repeated divergent selection on WEV correlatively changed many features defining baking properties of rye grain. The trend towards decrease in ecological and phenotypical stability of the main (closely correlating) features of grain quality with a simultaneous increase in their ecological plasticity was a typical feature of the selection performed. At the same time, the ecological variation of features at minus selection increased stronger than at plus selection.

The article describes the results of studying mycobiota in Olkhovsky district located in the Central part of Volgograd region. The standard protocol included methods of collecting, photographing in natural and laboratory conditions. To identify the material Mikmed-5 binocular microscope, Levenhuk C510 NG camera and a standard set of reagents (alkali solution, Melzer reagent) were used in the laboratory of Experimental biology of Volgograd State University. The works of Russian and foreign mycologists such as M.A. Bondartsev, V.M. Kotkov, L.G. Perevedentseva, T. Niemelä, L. Ryvarden became a base for determining fungi. The specimens were cut in half before drying and dried at a temperature of 38° C. Dried samples placed in paper envelopes are stored in the Mycological herbarium of Volgograd State University. Freezing of aphyllophoroid fungi for a month was a necessary procedure before placing it in a mycological herbarium. As a result of preliminary studies from September to November 2019, we identify nine species of basidiomycetes such as Bovistella utriformis (Bull.) Demoulin et Rebriev, Fomes fomentarius (L.) Fr., Lepista personata (Fr.) Cooke, Marasmius oreades (Bolton) Fr., Phellinus igniarius (L.) Quél., Pholiota populnea (Pers.) Kuyper et Tjall.- Beuk., Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm., Saproamanita vittadinii (Moretti) Redhead, Vizzini, Drehmel et Contu, and Schizophyllum commune Fr. The article presents an annotated list of fungi with the indication of data on the location, substrate, frequency of occurrence and the name of the collector, if the collection was not carried out by the authors, for each type. Species names were accepted according to CABI “Index Fungorum” international electronic database (www.indexfungorum.org) as of December 2019. The trophic analysis of the composition of macromycetes shows that the largest number of species was found on dead branches and trunks, as well as live weakened trees of Fraxinus lanceolata Borkh., Populus nigra L., Salix alba L. This study of mycobiota in Olkhovsky district will be continued.

For the first time, the features of the regeneration capacity of various forms (male, female, bisexual) of promising Actinidia kolomikta cultivars at the propagation stage were revealed. The difference between cultivars and forms of A. kolomikta was determined by the multiplication rate. It was shown that the use of the QL culture medium with 0.5 mg/l 6-BAP was been optimal for effective clonal micropropagation of the male form, at 1.0 mg/l for female and bisexual forms.

The results of a 10-year (2008–2017) comparative study of winter rye varieties with recessive-polygenic (the first group) and dominant-monogenic (the second group) short stem type are presented. In each group, five varieties were estimated based on six traits: crop productivity, winter hardiness, plant height, 1000-grain weight, falling number, and viscosity of aqueous extract of grain meal. The following parameters were determined for each trait: phenotypic stability (SF), ecological variation (CV), ecological plasticity (bi), total (TAC) and specific (SAC) adaptive capacity, and breeding value of the genotype (BVG). Average productivity for groups of varieties was identical (6.69 and 6.62 t/ha, respectively); however, short stemmed varieties with dominant-monogenic type significantly differed by the best winter hardiness of plants (for 6.3%) and had a shorter stem (by 9.3 cm). The ecological variation of traits was significantly affected by all three factors: weather conditions of the year (75.5–95.0%), genotype of variety (1.1–2.5%), and variety to year interaction (2.9–22.3%). The year’s weather conditions influenced crop productivity most strongly (86.3% for the first group and 95.0% for the second group). For the winter hardiness trait, the influence of the variety to year factor was higher than for other traits, and it was respectively 9.3 and 22.3%. Ecological stability of the second group varieties was two times higher (CV = 12.4%) than that of the first group varieties (CV = 24.3%). The conclusion that winter rye varieties with a dominant-monogenic short stem had a lower norm of reaction to the adverse conditions of a rewintering developing during years with a high snow cover was made. Therefore, regions where the main limiting factor is low rewintering due to the strong infestation of plants with snow rot have to be the main cultivation area of such winter rye varieties. It is expedient to cultivate different types of short stemmed winter rye varieties in the main winter rye regions of Russia taking into account their agroecological specificity.

Results 10 years' (2008-2017) comparative studying of varieties of winter rye with recessive-polygenic (the first group) and dominant- monogenic (the second group) short-stem type are presented. In each group tested 5 varieties which estimated on 6 traits: productivity, winter hardiness, plant height, weight is 1000 grains, number of falling and viscosity of water extract of grain meal. Determined by each trait: stability of a phenotype (SF), ecological variation (CV), ecological plasticity (bi), general (GAА) and specific (SAА) adaptive ability, selection value of a genotype (SVG). Average productivity on groups of varieties was identical (respectively 6,69 and 6,62 t/ha), however varieties with dominant-monogenic type of a short-stem differed authentically in the best winter hardiness of plants (for 6,3%) and had shorter stalk (on 9,3 cm). On the ecological variation of traits was influenced significantly by all three factors: weather conditions of year (75,5-95,0%), variety genotype (1,1-2,5%) and interaction variety x years (2,9-22,3%). The most strongly weather conditions of year influenced a productivity variation (86,3% for the first group and 95,0% for the second). On the trait of winter hardiness force of influence of a factor a variety x years was higher, than on other traits, and made respectively 9,3 and 22,3%. Ecological stability at varieties of the second group was twice higher (CV=12,4%), than at varieties of the first group (CV=24,3%). The conclusion is made that varieties of winter rye with a dominant-monogenic short-stem have lower norm of reaction to the adverse conditions of a rewintering developing in years with a high snow cover. Therefore regions where the main limiting factor is the low rewintering because of strong defeat of plants a snow mold have to be the main area of cultivation of such varieties of winter rye. The opinion is expressed that in the main winter rye regions of Russia it is expedient to cultivate varieties of winter rye with different types of a short-stem, but taking into account their agroecological specifics.

To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of adjuvant anti-VEGF therapy in the surgical treatment of pterygium, and to determine the indications for its use.The study included 67 patients (69 eyes) with grade II-IV pterygium. Patients age was 58.8±12.6 years on average. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) varied between 0.01 and 1.0 (0.77±0.24). The patients were divided into 3 groups. The first group included 19 patients (19 eyes) with grade II-III pterygium who underwent «bare sclera» surgery and used aflibercept as adjuvant therapy. The second group included 21 patients (21 eyes) with grade II-IV pterygium who underwent auto conjunctival grafting surgery with no adjuvant therapy. The third group included 27 patients (29 eyes) with grade II-IV pterygium who had it removed in combination with single-time peripheral lamellar keratoplasty (PLK) and underwent adjuvant aflibercept therapy.Among patients who underwent pterygium excision with adjuvant antiangiogenic therapy there were 5 cases (26%) of relapse during the observation period (23.38±8.96 months), among patients after pterygium excision with auto conjunctival plastic surgery - also 5 cases (24%) of relapse, and among patients who underwent LKP combined with anti-VEGF therapy there was only 1 case (3%) of relapse. Astigmatism has decreased by 0.24±0.5 (The use of anti-VEGF agents as adjuvant therapy in the surgical treatment of pterygium is a safe method of reducing postoperative inflammation, fibrovascular proliferation and, subsequently, the amount of relapses.Оценить эффективность и безопасность адьювантной анти-VEGF-терапии при хирургическом лечении птеригиума и определить показания к ее применению.В исследование включены 67 пациентов (69 глаз) с птеригиумом II—IV степени. Возраст пациентов составлял 58,8±12,6 года. Максимально корригированная острота зрения (МКОЗ) составляла от 0,01 до 1,0 (0,77±0,24). Пациенты были разделены на три группы. В 1-ю группу вошли 19 пациентов (19 глаз) с птеригиумом II—III степени, которым хирургическое лечение выполняли по технике «обнаженной склеры», в качестве адъювантной терапии применяли антиангиогенный препарат «Афлиберцепт». Во 2-ю группу включен 21 пациент (21 глаз) с птеригиумом II—IV степени, которым операцию проводили с пластикой аутоконъюнктивы без адъювантной терапии. В 3-ю группу вошли 27 пациентов (29 глаз) с птеригиумом II—IV степени, у которых его удаление сочетали с одномоментной барьерной периферической послойной кератопластикой (ППКП) и адъювантной терапией афлиберцептом.За весь период наблюдения (23,38±8,96 мес) у пациентов, перенесших иссечение птеригиума с адъювантной антиангиогенной терапией, было зарегистрировано 5 (26%) случаев рецидива, у пациентов после иссечения птеригиума с аутоконъюнктивопластикой — 5 (24%) случаев, у пациентов, перенесших ППКП в комбинации с анти-VEGF-терапией, — лишь 1 (3%). Уровень астигматизма снизился относительно дооперационных показателей на 0,24±0,5 (Заключение. Применение анти-VEGF-препарата в качестве адъювантной терапии при хирургическом лечении птеригиума является безопасным методом, позволяющим снизить послеоперационное воспаление, фиброваскулярную пролиферацию и как следствие — уровень рецидивирования.