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2. Some Open Problems in Quantum Information Theory

Author

Krueger, O. and Werner, R. F.

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

This article is a snap-shot of a web site, which has been collecting open problems in quantum information for several years, and documenting the progress made on these problems. By posting it we make the complete collection available in one printout. We also hope to draw more attention to this project, inviting every researcher in the field to raise to the challenges, but also to suggest new problems., Comment: All updates will appear on http://www.imaph.tu-bs.de/qi/problems/

Published
2005

4. The optimal cloning of quantum coherent states is non-Gaussian

Author

Cerf, N. J., Krueger, O., Navez, P., Werner, R. F., and Wolf, M. M.

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

We consider the optimal cloning of quantum coherent states with single-clone and joint fidelity as figures of merit. Both optimal fidelities are attained for phase space translation covariant cloners. Remarkably, the joint fidelity is maximized by a Gaussian cloner, whereas the single-clone fidelity can be enhanced by non-Gaussian operations: a symmetric non-Gaussian 1-to-2 cloner can achieve a single-clone fidelity of approximately 0.6826, perceivably higher than the optimal fidelity of 2/3 in a Gaussian setting. This optimal cloner can be realized by means of an optical parametric amplifier supplemented with a particular source of non-Gaussian bimodal states. Finally, we show that the single-clone fidelity of the optimal 1-to-infinity cloner, corresponding to a measure-and-prepare scheme, cannot exceed 1/2. This value is achieved by a Gaussian scheme and cannot be surpassed even with supplemental bound entangled states., Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, revtex; changed title, extended list of authors, included optical implementation of optimal cloner

Published
2004
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5. Gaussian Entanglement of Formation

Author

Wolf, M. M., Giedke, G., Krueger, O., Werner, R. F., and Cirac, J. I.

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

We introduce a Gaussian version of the entanglement of formation adapted to bipartite Gaussian states by considering decompositions into pure Gaussian states only. We show that this quantity is an entanglement monotone under Gaussian operations and provide a simplified computation for states of arbitrary many modes. For the case of one mode per site the remaining variational problem can be solved analytically. If the considered state is in addition symmetric with respect to interchanging the two modes, we prove additivity of the considered entanglement measure. Moreover, in this case and considering only a single copy, our entanglement measure coincides with the true entanglement of formation., Comment: 8 pages (references updated, typos corrected)

Published
2003
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6. Entanglement of formation for symmetric Gaussian states

Author

Giedke, G., Wolf, M. M., Krueger, O., Werner, R. F., and Cirac, J. I.

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

We show that for a fixed amount of entanglement, two-mode squeezed states are those that maximize Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-like correlations. We use this fact to determine the entanglement of formation for all symmetric Gaussian states corresponding to two modes. This is the first instance in which this measure has been determined for genuine continuous variable systems., Comment: 4 pages, revtex4

Published
2003
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10. Measurements of Ice Nucleating Particles concentrations in the Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere during the HALO CIRRUS-HL campaign

Author

Schaefer, J., Grawe, S., Wetzel, B., Mertes, S., Clemen, H., Krüger, O., Pöhlker, M., Schneider, J., and Stratmann, F.

Abstract

Free tropospheric ice nucleating particles (INP) play a key role in the formation of primary ice particles in mixed-phase clouds. Downward transport of INP from the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) can potentially influence cloud formation and properties in the free troposphere. However, INP concentrations above mixed-phase altitude have rarely been measured.During the HALO (High Altitude and Long Range) aircraft campaign CIRRUS-HL (Cirrus in High Latitudes) in June and July 2021, aerosol particles and ice crystal residuals were sampled on filters using the newly developed airborne High-volume flow aerosol particle filter sampler (HERA) (1). Offline laboratory analysis of these filters yield immersion mode INP concentrations, which are put into context with measurements of physical and chemical aerosol properties, which have been carried out in parallel to the filter sampling. Here, we present an overview of measured INP concentrations and corresponding aerosol properties during CIRRUS-HL. INP concentrations in the UTLS region vary within two orders of magnitude at -20 °C. Enhanced concentrations were found in the vicinity of convection indicating a possible transport mechanism of INP from the lower troposphere into the UTLS region. Further results suggest that diluted and aged biomass burning aerosol does not increase stratospheric INP concentration. (1) Grawe, S., Schaefer, J., Jentzsch, C. ,Wex, H. & Stratmann, F.: HERA: A high-volume flow aerosol particle filter sampler for aircraft application, in preparation, 2023., The 28th IUGG General Assembly (IUGG2023) (Berlin 2023)

Published
2023
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22. EUREC⁴A

Author

Stevens, B, Bony, S, Farrell, D, Ament, F, Blyth, A, Fairall, C, Karstensen, J, Quinn, PK, Speich, S, Acquistapace, C, Aemisegger, F, Albright, AL, Bellenger, H, Bodenschatz, E, Caesar, K-A, Chewitt-Lucas, R, de Boer, G, Delanoë, J, Denby, L, Ewald, F, Fildier, B, Forde, M, George, G, Gross, S, Hagen, M, Hausold, A, Heywood, KJ, Hirsch, L, Jacob, M, Jansen, F, Kinne, S, Klocke, D, Kölling, T, Konow, H, Lothon, M, Mohr, W, Naumann, AK, Nuijens, L, Olivier, L, Pincus, R, Pöhlker, M, Reverdin, G, Roberts, G, Schnitt, S, Schulz, H, Pier Siebesma, A, Stephan, CC, Sullivan, P, Touzé-Peiffer, L, Vial, J, Vogel, R, Zuidema, P, Alexander, N, Alves, L, Arixi, S, Asmath, H, Bagheri, G, Baier, K, Bailey, A, Baranowski, D, Baron, A, Barrau, S, Barrett, PA, Batier, F, Behrendt, A, Bendinger, A, Beucher, F, Bigorre, S, Blades, E, Blossey, P, Bock, O, Böing, S, Bosser, P, Bourras, D, Bouruet-Aubertot, P, Bower, K, Branellec, P, Branger, H, Brennek, M, Brewer, A, Brilouet, PE, Brügmann, B, Buehler, SA, Burke, E, Burton, R, Calmer, R, Canonici, J-C, Carton, X, Cato, G, Charles, JA, Chazette, P, Chen, Y, Chilinski, MT, Choularton, T, Chuang, P, Clarke, S, Coe, H, Cornet, C, Coutris, P, Couvreux, F, Crewell, S, Cronin, T, Cui, Z, Cuypers, Y, Daley, A, Damerell, GM, Dauhut, T, Deneke, H, Desbios, J-P, Dörner, S, Donner, S, Douet, V, Drushka, K, Dütsch, M, Ehrlich, A, Emanuel, K, Emmanouilidis, A, Etienne, J-C, Etienne-Leblanc, S, Faure, G, Feingold, G, Ferrero, L, Fix, A, Flamant, C, Jacek Flatau, P, Foltz, GR, Forster, L, Furtuna, I, Gadian, A, Galewsky, J, Gallagher, M, Gallimore, P, Gaston, C, Gentemann, C, Geyskens, N, Giez, A, Gollop, J, Gouirand, I, Gourbeyre, C, de Graaf, D, de Groot, GE, Grosz, R, Güttler, J, Gutleben, M, Hall, M, Harris, G, Helfer, KC, Henze, D, Herbert, C, Holanda, B, Ibanez-Landeta, A, Intrieri, J, Iyer, S, Julien, F, Kalesse, H, Kazil, J, Kellman, A, Kidane, AT, Kirchner, U, Klingebiel, M, Körner, M, Kremper, LA, Kretzschmar, J, Krüger, O, Kumala, W, Kurz, A, L'Hégaret, P, Labaste, M, Lachlan-Cope, T, Laing, A, Landschütze, P, Lang, T, Lange, D, Lange, I, Laplace, C, Lavik, G, Laxenaire, R, Le Bihan, C, Leandro, M, Lefevre, N, Lena, M, Lenschow, D, Li, Q, Lloyd, G, Los, S, Losi, N, Lovell, O, Luneau, C, Makuch, P, Malinowski, S, Manta, G, Marinou, E, Marsden, N, Masson, S, Maury, N, Mayer, B, Mayers-Als, M, Mazel, C, McGeary, W, McWilliams, JC, Mech, M, Mehlmann, M, Meroni, AN, Mieslinger, T, Minikin, A, Minnett, P, Möller, G, Morfa Avalos, Y, Muller, C, Musat, I, Napoli, A, Neuberger, A, Noisel, C, Noone, D, Nordsiek, F, Nowak, JL, Oswald, L, Parker, DJ, Peck, C, Person, R, Philippi, M, Plueddemann, A, Pöhlker, C, Pörtge, V, Pöschl, U, Pologne, L, Posyniak, M, Prange, M, Quiñones Meléndez, E, Radtke, J, Ramage, K, Reimann, J, Renault, L, Reus, K, Reyes, A, Ribbe, J, Ringel, M, Ritschel, M, Rocha, CB, Rochetin, N, Röttenbacher, J, Rollo, C, Royer, H, Sadoulet, P, Saffin, L, Sandiford, S, Sandu, I, Schäfer, M, Schemann, V, Schirmacher, I, Schlenczek, O, Schmidt, J, Schröder, M, Schwarzenboeck, A, Sealy, A, Senff, CJ, Serikov, I, Shohan, S, Siddle, E, Smirnov, A, Späth, F, Spooner, B, Stolla, MK, Szkółka, W, de Szoeke, SP, Tarot, S, Tetoni, E, Thompson, E, Thomson, J, Tomassini, L, Totems, J, Ubele, AA, Villiger, L, von Arx, J, Wagner, T, Walther, A, Webber, B, Wendisch, M, Whitehall, S, Wiltshire, A, Wing, AA, Wirth, M, Wiskandt, J, Wolf, K, Worbes, L, Wright, E, Wulfmeyer, V, Young, S, Zhang, C, Zhang, D, Ziemen, F, Zinner, T, and Zöger, M

Abstract

The science guiding the EUREC⁴A campaign and its measurements is presented. EUREC⁴A comprised roughly 5 weeks of measurements in the downstream winter trades of the North Atlantic – eastward and southeastward of Barbados. Through its ability to characterize processes operating across a wide range of scales, EUREC⁴A marked a turning point in our ability to observationally study factors influencing clouds in the trades, how they will respond to warming, and their link to other components of the earth system, such as upper-ocean processes or the life cycle of particulate matter. This characterization was made possible by thousands (2500) of sondes distributed to measure circulations on meso- (200 km) and larger (500 km) scales, roughly 400 h of flight time by four heavily instrumented research aircraft; four global-class research vessels; an advanced ground-based cloud observatory; scores of autonomous observing platforms operating in the upper ocean (nearly 10 000 profiles), lower atmosphere (continuous profiling), and along the air–sea interface; a network of water stable isotopologue measurements; targeted tasking of satellite remote sensing; and modeling with a new generation of weather and climate models. In addition to providing an outline of the novel measurements and their composition into a unified and coordinated campaign, the six distinct scientific facets that EUREC⁴A explored – from North Brazil Current rings to turbulence-induced clustering of cloud droplets and its influence on warm-rain formation – are presented along with an overview of EUREC⁴A's outreach activities, environmental impact, and guidelines for scientific practice. Track data for all platforms are standardized and accessible at https://doi.org/10.25326/165 (Stevens, 2021), and a film documenting the campaign is provided as a video supplement.

Published
2021

26. EUREC 4 A

Author

Stevens, Bjorn, Bony, Sandrine, Farrell, David, Ament, Felix, Blyth, Alan M., Fairall, Chiristopher W., Karstensen, Johannes, Quinn, Patricia K., Speich, Sabrina, Acquistapace, Claudia, Aemisegger, Franziska, Albright, Anna, Bellenger, Hugo, Bodenschatz, Eberhard, Caesar, Kathy-Ann, Chewitt-Lucas, Rebecca, De Boer, Gijs, Delanoë, Julien, Denby, Leif Christopher, Ewald, Florian, Fildier, Benjamin, Forde, Marvin, George, Geet, Gross, Silke, Hagen, Martin, Hausold, Andrea, Heywood, Karen J., Hirsch, Lutz, Jacob, Marek, Jansen, Friedhelm, Kinne, Stefan, Klocke, Daniel, Kölling, Tobias, Konow, Heike, Lothon, Marie, Mohr, Wiebke, Naumann, Ann Kristin, Nuijens, Louise, Olivier, Léa, Pincus, Robert, Pöhlker, Mira L., Reverdin, Gilles, Roberts, Gregory, Schnitt, Sabrina, Sullivan, Peter P., Touzé-Peiffer, Ludovic, Vial, Jessica, Vogel, Raphaela, Alexander, Nicola, Alves, Lyndon, Arixi, Sophian, Asmath, Hamish, Bagheri, Gholamhossein, Bailey, Adriana, Baranowski, Dariusz, Baron, Alexandre, Barrau, Sébastien, Barrett, Paul Alan, Behrendt, Andreas, Bendinger, Arne, Beucher, Florent, Bigorre, Sebastien, Bosser, Pierre, Blossey, P., Bock, Olivier, Bourras, Denis, Bouruet-Aubertot, Pascale, Bower, K, Branger, H, Brennek, M, Brewer, A, Brilouet, P.-E, Brügmann, B, Buehler, S, Burke, E, Burton, R, Böing, S, Calmer, R, Canonici, J.-C, Carton, X, Cato, G, Charles, J, Chazette, Patrick, Chen, Y, Choularton, T, Chuang, P, Clarke, S, Coe, H, Cornet, C, Coutris, P, Couvreux, F, Crewell, S, Cronin, T, Cui, Z, Cuypers, Y, Daley, A, Damerell, G, Dauhut, T, De Graaf, D, De Groot, G, De Szoeke, S, Deneke, H, Desbios, J.-P, Douet, V, Drushka, K, Dütsch, M, Ehrlich, A, Emanuel, K, Emmanouilidis, A, Etienne, J.-C, Etienne-Leblanc, S, Faure, G, Feingold, G, Ferrero, L, Fix, A, Flamant, Cyrille, Flatau, P, Foltz, G, Gadian, A, Galewsky, J, Gallagher, M, Gallimore, P, Gaston, C, Gentemann, C, Geyskens, N, Giez, A, Gourbeyre, C, Grosz, R, Gutleben, M, Güttler, J, Hall, K, Harris, G, Helfer, K, Henze, D, Herbert, C, Holanda, B, Ibanez-Landeta, A, Intrieri, J, Iyer, S, Julien, F, Kalesse, H, Kazil, J, Kellman, A, Kirchner, U, Klingebiel, M, Kremper, L, Kretzschmar, J, Krüger, O, Kurz, A, Körner, M, L'hégaret, P, Lachlan-Cope, T, Laing, A, Landschützer, P, Lang, T, Lange, D, Lange, I, Laplace, C, Laxenaire, R, Le Bihan, C, Leandro, M, Lefevre, N, Lenschow, D, Li, Q, Lloyd, G, Los, S, Losi, N, Lovell, O, Luneau, C, Makuch, P, Malinowski, S, Manta, G, Marinou, E, Marsden, N, Matthieu, L, Maury, N, Mayer, B, Mayers-Als, M, Mazel, Christophe, Mcgeary, W, Mcwilliams, J, Mech, M, Mehlmann, M, Meroni, A, Mieslinger, T, Minikin, A, Avalos, Y, Muller, Caroline, Musat, I, Möller, G, Napoli, A, Neuberger, A, Noone, D, Nordsiek, F, Nowak, J, Oswald, L, Parker, D, Peck, C, Person, R, Plueddemann, A, Pologne, L, Posyniak, M, Prange, M, Pöhlker, C, Pörtge, V, Pöschl, U, Quiñones Meléndez, E, Radtke, J, Ramage, K, Reimann, J, Renault, L, Reus, K, Reyes, A, Ribbe, J, Ringel, M, Ritschel, M, Rocha, C, Rochetin, N, Rollo, C, Röttenbacher, J, Saffin, L, Sandiford, S, Sandu, I, Schemann, V, Schirmacher, I, Schlenczek, O, Schmidt, J, Schröder, M, Schulz, H, Schwarzenboeck, A, Schäfer, M, Sealy, A, Serikov, I, Shohan, S, Siddle, E, Siebesma, A, Späth, F, Stephan, C, Stolla, M, Szkółka, W, Tarot, S, Tetoni, E, Thompson, E, Thomson, J, Tomassini, L, Totems, J, Villiger, L, Walther, A, Webber, B, Wendisch, M, Whitehall, S, Wiltshire, A, Wing, A, Wirth, M, Wiskandt, J, Wolf, K, Worbes, L, Wright, E, Wulfmeyer, V, Young, S, Zhang, D, Zhang, C, Ziemen, F, Zinner, T, Zuidema, P, Zöger, M, Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-M), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology (CIMH), Meteorological Institute [Hamburg], University of Hamburg, National Centre for Atmospheric Science [Leeds] (NCAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR), NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory [Seattle] (PMEL), Institute for Geophysics and Meteorology [Köln] (IGM), University of Cologne, Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science [Zürich] (IAC), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization (MPIDS), NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory (PSL), SPACE - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), University of Leeds, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Universität Hamburg (UHH), Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Universität zu Köln, École nationale des sciences géographiques (ENSG), Institut National de l'Information Géographique et Forestière [IGN] (IGN)-Université Gustave Eiffel, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Institut de Recherche sur les Phénomènes Hors Equilibre (IRPHE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), TROPO - LATMOS, Institut Pythéas (OSU PYTHEAS), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
[SDE]Environmental Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2020

36. Influence of wood ash pre-treatment on leaching behaviour, liming and fertilising potential

Author

Maresca, Alberto, Krüger, O., Herzel, H., Adam, C., Kalbe, U., Astrup, Thomas Fruergaard, Maresca, Alberto, Krüger, O., Herzel, H., Adam, C., Kalbe, U., and Astrup, Thomas Fruergaard

Abstract

In Denmark, increasing amounts of woody biomass are being used for the production of renewable energy, resulting in more wood ashes being generated. While these materials have been mainly landfilled, wood ashes may also be utilised for fertilizing and liming purposes on top of soils. Pre-treatments involving hardening or granulation may be carried out prior to soil application. In this study, two Danish wood ash samples were hardened and/or granulated. Lab-hardening induced rapid changes in the shape of the acid neutralisation capacity curve of the ashes. Up-flow column tests, assuming local equilibrium conditions, were employed to investigate the leaching from pre-treated ashes. Granules and loose ashes demonstrated similar leaching behaviours, indicating that similar geochemical processes were governing their leaching. In comparison with untreated fresh ashes, the hardened ashes demonstrated reduced leaching of Ca, Ba, Pb and Zn with concentration levels generally below or close to the analytical limits of quantification; to the contrary, the leaching of As, P, Sb, Si, V and Mg was enhanced in the hardened ashes. The release of alkalinity was reduced by hardening. In general, all granules were barely breakable by finger-pinching and they could withstand one month of continuous leaching, preserving their overall shape. The solubility of phosphorous in neutral ammonium citrate indicated that about 30–51% of the total P content in the ash samples was released, suggesting that the ashes could be potentially valuable as P-fertiliser if applied onto soil.

Published
2019

40. Cortisol during adolescence organises personality traits and behavioural syndromes

Author

Guenther, A, Groothuis, AGG, Krüger, O, Goerlich, V.C., LS Dierenwelzijn & Proefdierkunde, dASS BW-2, LS Dierenwelzijn & Proefdierkunde, dASS BW-2, and Groothuis lab

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Male, Hydrocortisone, Trait covariance, Individuality, Physiology, Cavia aperea, 01 natural sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience, PRENATAL STRESS, Endocrinology, Sexual maturity, Sexual Maturation, BRAIN, Big Five personality traits, media_common, Behavior, Animal, Syndrome, Phenotype, Female, REPEATABILITY, Permanent environment, Glucocorticoid, medicine.drug, Developmental plasticity, media_common.quotation_subject, MODELS, Guinea Pigs, Biology, INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES, 010603 evolutionary biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Stress, Physiological, medicine, Animals, PHYSIOLOGY, Social Behavior, Glucocorticoids, CONSEQUENCES, Endocrine and Autonomic Systems, Boldness, Developmental stress, Behavioural variation, LIFE, Phenotypic modularity, 030104 developmental biology, Plasma cortisol, Prenatal stress, EVOLUTIONARY, Exploratory Behavior, Precocial, COPING STYLES
Abstract

Despite the growing evidence for the importance of developmental experiences shaping consistent individual differences in behaviour and physiology, the role of endocrine factors underlying the development and maintenance of such differences across multiple traits, remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated how an experimental manipulation of circulating glucocorticoids during early adolescence affects behavioural and physiological variation and covariation later in life in the precocial cavy (Cavia aperea). Plasma cortisol concentrations were experimentally elevated by administering cortisol via food for 3 weeks. Struggle docility, escape latency, boldness, exploration and social behaviour were then tested three times after individuals attained sexual maturity. In addition, blood samples were taken repeatedly to monitor circulating cortisol concentrations. Exogenous cortisol affected mean trait expression of plasma cortisol levels, struggle docility and escape latency. Repeatability of cortisol and escape latency was increased and repeatability of struggle docility tended to be higher (approaching significance) in treated individuals. Increased repeatability was mainly caused by an increase of among-individual variance. Correlations among docility, escape latency and cortisol were stronger in treated animals compared to control animals. These results suggest that exposure to elevated levels of cortisol during adolescence can alter animal personality traits as well as behavioural syndromes. Social and risk-taking traits showed no correlation with cortisol levels and were unaffected by the experimental manipulation, indicating behavioural modularity. Taken together, our data highlight that cortisol can have organising effects during adolescence on the development of personality traits and behavioural syndromes, adding to the increasing evidence that not only early life but also adolescence is an important sensitive period for behavioural development.

Published
2017

41. Cortisol during adolescence organises personality traits and behavioural syndromes

Author

Guenther, A, Groothuis, AGG, Krüger, O, Goerlich, V.C., Guenther, A, Groothuis, AGG, Krüger, O, and Goerlich, V.C.

Abstract

Despite the growing evidence for the importance of developmental experiences shaping consistent individual differences in behaviour and physiology, the role of endocrine factors underlying the development and maintenance of such differences across multiple traits, remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated how an experimental manipulation of circulating glucocorticoids during early adolescence affects behavioural and physiological variation and covariation later in life in the precocial cavy (Cavia aperea). Plasma cortisol concentrations were experimentally elevated by administering cortisol via food for 3 weeks. Struggle docility, escape latency, boldness, exploration and social behaviour were then tested three times after individuals attained sexual maturity. In addition, blood samples were taken repeatedly to monitor circulating cortisol concentrations. Exogenous cortisol affected mean trait expression of plasma cortisol levels, struggle docility and escape latency. Repeatability of cortisol and escape latency was increased and repeatability of struggle docility tended to be higher (approaching significance) in treated individuals. Increased repeatability was mainly caused by an increase of among-individual variance. Correlations among docility, escape latency and cortisol were stronger in treated animals compared to control animals. These results suggest that exposure to elevated levels of cortisol during adolescence can alter animal personality traits as well as behavioural syndromes. Social and risk-taking traits showed no correlation with cortisol levels and were unaffected by the experimental manipulation, indicating behavioural modularity. Taken together, our data highlight that cortisol can have organising effects during adolescence on the development of personality traits and behavioural syndromes, adding to the increasing evidence that not only early life but also adolescence is an important sensitive period for behavioural development.

Published
2018

42. Demographic histories and genetic diversity across pinnipeds are shaped by human exploitation, ecology and life-history

Author

Stoffel, M.A., Humble, E., Paijmans, A.J., Acevedo-Whitehouse, K., Chilvers, B.L., Dickerson, B., Galimberti, F., Gemmell, N.J., Goldsworthy, S.D., Nichols, H.J., Krüger, O., Negro, S., Osborne, A., Pastor, T., Robertson, B.C., Sanvito, S., Schultz, J.K., Shafer, A.B.A., Wolf, J.B.W., Hoffman, J.I., Stoffel, M.A., Humble, E., Paijmans, A.J., Acevedo-Whitehouse, K., Chilvers, B.L., Dickerson, B., Galimberti, F., Gemmell, N.J., Goldsworthy, S.D., Nichols, H.J., Krüger, O., Negro, S., Osborne, A., Pastor, T., Robertson, B.C., Sanvito, S., Schultz, J.K., Shafer, A.B.A., Wolf, J.B.W., and Hoffman, J.I.

Abstract

A central paradigm in conservation biology is that population bottlenecks reduce genetic diversity and population viability. In an era of biodiversity loss and climate change, understanding the determinants and consequences of bottlenecks is therefore an important challenge. However, as most studies focus on single species, the multitude of potential drivers and the consequences of bottlenecks remain elusive. Here, we combined genetic data from over 11,000 individuals of 30 pinniped species with demographic, ecological and life history data to evaluate the consequences of commercial exploitation by 18th and 19th century sealers. We show that around one third of these species exhibit strong signatures of recent population declines. Bottleneck strength is associated with breeding habitat and mating system variation, and together with global abundance explains much of the variation in genetic diversity across species. Overall, bottleneck intensity is unrelated to IUCN status, although the three most heavily bottlenecked species are endangered. Our study reveals an unforeseen interplay between human exploitation, animal biology, demographic declines and genetic diversity.

Published
2018

48. Recent demographic histories and genetic diversity across pinnipeds are shaped by anthropogenic interactions and mediated by ecology and life-history

Author

Stoffel, M.A., primary, Humble, E., additional, Acevedo-Whitehouse, K., additional, Chilvers, B.L., additional, Dickerson, B., additional, Galimberti, F., additional, Gemmell, N., additional, Goldsworthy, S.D, additional, Nichols, H.J., additional, Krüger, O, additional, Negro, S., additional, Osborne, A., additional, Paijmans, A.J., additional, Pastor, T., additional, Robertson, B.C., additional, Sanvito, S., additional, Schultz, J., additional, Shafer, A.B.A, additional, Wolf, J.B.W., additional, and Hoffman, J.I., additional

Published
2018
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