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This research paper presents a novel approach to identifying biomarkers that can be used to prognosticate patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) eligible for neoadjuvant therapy. The study utilized survival and RNA sequencing data from a cohort of TNBC patients and identified 276 genes whose expression was related to survival in such patients. The gene expression data were then used to classify patients into two major groups based on the presence or absence of Wingless/Integrated-pathway (Wnt-pathway) and mesenchymal (Mes) markers (Wnt/Mes). Patients with a low expression of Wnt/Mes-related genes had a favorable outcome, with no deaths observed during follow-up, while patients with a high expression of Wnt/Mes genes had a higher mortality rate of 50% within 19 months. The identified gene list could be validated and potentially used to shape treatment options for TNBC patients eligible for neoadjuvant therapy providing valuable insights into the development of more effective treatments for TNBC. Our data also showed significant variation in gene expression profiles before and after chemotherapy, with most tumors switching to a more mesenchymal/stem cell-like profile. To verify this observation, we performed an in silico analysis to classify breast cancer tumors in Prediction Analysis of Microarray 50 (PAM50) molecular classes before treatment and after treatment using gene expression data. Our findings demonstrate that following drug intervention and metastasis, certain tumors undergo a transition to alternative subtypes, resulting in diminished therapeutic efficacy. This underscores the necessity for reevaluation of patients who have experienced relapse or metastasis post-chemotherapy, with a focus on molecular subtyping. Tailoring treatment strategies based on these refined subtypes is imperative to optimize therapeutic outcomes for affected individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Fungi are organisms that are widespread in our environment. The majority of invasive fungal infections are caused by Aspergillus genus, which belongs to mould fungi. An invasive form of aspergillosis, most commonly - invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, in the majority of cases is caused by Aspergillusfumigatus. Aim. The object of this paper is a histoclinical analysis of invasive aspergillosis on the basis of generalized aspergillosis in a patient after a surgical treatment for glioblastoma, WHO grade IV, followed by radiochemotherapy. Materials and methods. A 45-years old female after right-side craniotomy, diagnosed with glioblastoma multiforme, was treated with radiochemotherapy with temozolomide. Leucopenia, thrombocytopenia of WHO grade IV, discrete hemorrhagic condition of the skin and mucous membranes and a single episode of body temperature elevation to 37.4°C were observed during the treatment. On the 45th day the clinical condition of the patient exacerbated. Within several hours the patient manifested severe, rapidly growing respiratory insufficiency and died. Autopsy and histopathologic examination of the tissue specimen confirmed an invasive form of aspergillosis. Discussion. The most advanced pathologic changes were found in the lung specimen, where the presence of Aspergillus fumigatus, necrotic and hemorrhagic changes and an inflammatory reaction of a varied severity were revealed. Conclusions. Because there are many diseases and clinical situations, which pre- dispose to infection, especially in the case of immunosuppresed patients, invasive aspergillosis is still a major diagnostic and therapeutic problem. All patients with prolonged neutropenia, chronically treated with steroids, should be rated as a high risk group. On account of an often untypical or asymptomatic course of the disease in the initial period, any discrete respiratory manifestation should be treated as a prodrome of the fungal infection, even when infection is not confirmed by laboratory tests and radiologic images, or the symptoms are incomplete in CT images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is one of the aggressive rare hematopoietic malignancies with predilection to the skin, primarily found in adults. The precise incidence of BPDCN is difficult to estimate due to constantly changing nomenclature and lack of precise defining criteria prior to the 2008 WHO classification system. There are not many cases described in the literature, what makes the diagnostic process challenging. Skin lesions such as erythematous infiltrates and nodules are usually the first manifestation of the disease. Therefore, in doubtful diagnostic cases, dermatologists should perform histopathological and immunohistochemistry examinations along with hematological and oncological cooperation, as early diagnosis and appropriate treatment is essential for improvement of the disease course. This analysis, despite the small number of patients may provide useful information on the clinical and histopathological features of this rare malignancy., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.