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The article presents the research areas and scientific achievements of the members of the History of Technology Research Unit in 2022. Their research covered a diverse range of topics within the history of science, technology, and economic history, spanning from the 17th to the 20th c. Some of these issues were analyzed from environmental and sociological perspectives. The investigated topics included the history of railroad transportation and inland navigation, the environmental history of Polesie, economic activity in the Old Polish Industrial District, the history of cinematography, and the presentation of achievements of noteworthy scientists and inventors. Additionally, the Unit actively engaged in initiatives to support the preservation of technical cultural heritage, creating a substantial foundation that facilitated the legal protection of objects of historical value. Through its multidirectional scope, the research highlights the importance of studying the history of technology and economic developments in shaping our understanding of global history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes the former power plant complex at the State Powder and Crushing Materials Factory in Zagożdżon (now Pionki), dating back to the mid-1920s. It begins with an introduction outlining the company's history, followed by a presentation of the history of the power plant and accompanying facilities, with a focus on the evolution of technical equipment and related architectural layers. Subsequently, an analysis of the architectural form of the complex is conducted, aiming to determine the historical value of the objects. Finally, the article describes the complex's current state of preservation, its evaluation, and conservation recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes the hitherto unknown remains of the measuring station from 1828, determined by Franciszek Armiński as the starting point of the reference system for the Triangular Network of the Old-Polish Industrial Region in 1829-1835. The author also presents postulates regarding the protection of the discovered residues and popularization of knowledge about them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers profile of history professor Zbigniewa Wójcika specializing in the history of mining and geological research. It mentions hope for increase in attendance at future Commission meeting and date of the ceremony resulted from restrictions in 2021 related to the COVID-19 pandemic. It also mentions Wojcik for his scientific activity to date, expressing regret that he never did he was an employee of the Institute.

Construction of a genetic map requires time- and cost-effective tools for correct genotyping of many lines that form a mapping population. The aim of the study was to compare two methods for detection of polymorphism in a microsatellite locus, i.e. Capillary Electrophoresis (CE) and High Resolution Melting (HRM), in respect of correct and efficient genotyping of Recombinant Inbred Lines (RIL) of a narrow-leafed lupin mapping population. In the case of CE, two systems were compared, namely ABI and QIAxcel. For the study, 10 randomly selected RILs and their parental forms - cv 'Emir' and line LAE-1 - were used. The objects were genotyped with the application of three SSR primer pairs. Markers were chosen to generate a polymorphic product. The difference in length of the generated products between the parental forms were: less than 10 bp, more than 10 bp, more than 20 bp. Both tested CE systems allow to perform correct genotyping of the analyzed RILs and their parents with all the three testing markers. The HRM technique failed to correct genotype RILs and their parental forms with the markers generating polymorphic product difference in a length less than 10 bp. However, this technique enables correct and effective genotyping with the markers that generate polymorphic product difference in a length more than 10 pb. Of the two CE systems compared, QIAxcel was less time- and money-consuming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our study is one of the very few cases of speleomycological research in recently discovered caves. The aim of this research was to assess the population size of fungal colonies and their species composition in the Jarkowicka cave, discovered in 2012. The air samples were taken from one location outside the cave and from two locations inside of it. Mycological evaluation of the rocks inside the cave was performed usingswab sampling procedure. In the Jarkowicka cave we found 22 species of fungi, including 13 isolated from air at the entrance and from the walls, and 8 species from air inside the cave.Cladosporiumspp. were the fungi most frequently isolated from internal atmosphere of the Jarkowicka cave, and from the external air. On the other hand, the fungi most frequently isolated from the rocks wereMucorspp. We found several species not yet described as cave inhabitants:Hypocrea pachybasioides,Cladosporium uredinicola, andEmbellisia abundans.Our study may provide a basis for comparison to other similar studies conducted in frequently visited caves by tourists. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Z gatunków uprawnych rodzaju Lupinus łubin wąskolistny (Lupinus angustifolius L.) wzbudza coraz większe zainteresowanie hodowców i rolników ze względu na jego wysoką zawartość białka w nasionach (31-34%) oraz zdolność adaptacji na glebach lekkich i kwaśnych. Z gatunków łubinu uprawianych w Polsce łubin wąskolistny odznacza się podwyższoną odpornością na antraknozę, groźną chorobę grzybową powodowaną przez Colletotrichum lupini. Dzięki wyhodowaniu odmian o zdeterminowanym typie wzrostu (tzw. samokończące) oraz tolerancji na opóźnienie siewu (odmiany termoneutralne) łubin wąskolistny charakteryzuje się najkrótszym okresem wegetacji. Te właśnie cechy determinują łubin wąskolistny jako szansę uprawy roślin strączkowych na szeroką skalę w naszym kraju i alternatywę w produkcji paszy treściwej dla importowanej z zagranicy soi. Areał zasiewu łubinu wąskolistnego nadal jednak pozostaje nieduży (według danych GUS 45 tys. ha), a to ze względu na kilka niekorzystnych cech, których jak dotąd nie wyeliminowano w procesie hodowlanym. Należy tu wymienić: nierównomierne dojrzewanie strąków i nasion u form o tradycyjnym (niezdeterminowanym) typie wzrostu, pękające strąki oraz osypywanie się nasion. Odporność na choroby jest także cechą, na którą należy zwrócić uwagę w dalszych pracach hodowlanych. Hodowla XXI wieku często korzysta z narzędzi biotechnologicznych takich jak roślinne kultury in vitro oraz markery molekularne. Wykorzystanie markerów DNA w pracach hodowlanych (MAS) prowadzi do szybszej i bardziej efektywnej selekcji pożądanych cech, co przyczynia się do otrzymania nowych ulepszonych odmian przy mniejszym nakładzie finansowym i w krótszym czasie. Opracowanie markerów DNA jest tym łatwiejsze, im lepiej poznany jest genom badanego organizmu. Obecnie dzięki bardzo szybkiemu rozwojowi technik sekwencjonowania zwłaszcza tzw. sekwencjonowania nowej generacji (NGS), możliwe stało się poznanie pełnego zapisu nukleotydów w całym genomie organizmu. W ostatnich kilku latach także w przypadku łubinu wąskolistnego poczyniono duży postęp w pracach nad poznaniem jego genomu. Opracowane zostały dwie mapy genetyczne, jak również rozpoczęto prace prowadzące do sekwencjonowania całego genomu. Ponadto zsekwencjonowano transkryptom tej rośliny. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper investigates seed coat characteristics (as a percentage of overall seed diameter) in Lupinus angustifolius L., a potential forage crop. In the study ten L. angustifolius genotypes, including three Polish cultivars, two Australian cultivars, three mutants originated from cv. ‘Emir’, and one Belarusian and one Australian breeding line were evaluated. The highest seed coat percentage was recorded in cultivars ‘Sonet’ and ‘Emir’. The lowest seed coat thickness percentage (below 20%) was noted for breeding lines 11257-19, LAG24 and cultivar ‘Zeus’ (17.87%, 18.91% 19.60%, respectively). Despite having low seed weight, the Australian line no. 11257-19 was characterized by a desirable proportion of seed coat to the weight of seeds. In general, estimation of the correlation coefficient indicated a tendency that larger seeds had thinner coats. Scanning Electron Microscopy images showed low variation of seed coat sculpture and the top of seeds covered with a cuticle. Most of the studied genotypes were characterized by a cristatepapillate seed coat surface, formed by elongated polygonal cells. Only breeding line no. 11267-19 had a different shape of the cells building the surface layer of the coat. In order to illustrate genetic diversity among the genotypes tested, 24 ISSR primers were used. They generated a total of 161 polymorphic amplification products in 10 evaluated narrow-leaved lupin genotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]