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1. Methodological and Cellular Factors Affecting the Magnitude of Breast Cancer and Normal Cell Radiosensitization Using Gold Nanoparticles

Author

Musielak M, Boś-Liedke A, Piwocka O, Kowalska K, Markiewicz R, Lorenz A, Bakun P, and Suchorska W

Subjects
oncology, nanotechnology, nanoparticles, radiotherapy, breast cancer, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Marika Musielak,1– 3 Agnieszka Boś-Liedke,4 Oliwia Piwocka,1– 3 Katarzyna Kowalska,5 Roksana Markiewicz,6 Aleksandra Lorenz,7 Paweł Bakun,2,8 Wiktoria Suchorska1,3 1Department of Electroradiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland; 2Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland; 3Radiobiology Laboratory, Department of Medical Physics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland; 4Department of Macromolecular Physics, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland; 5Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland; 6NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland; 7Faculty of Agronomy, Horticulture and Bioengineering, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland; 8Chair and Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, PolandCorrespondence: Marika Musielak, Department of Electroradiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Garbary 15, Poznan, 61-866, Poland, Tel +48505372 290, Email marikamusielak@gmail.comPurpose: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignant tumor in women, which most often originates from the epithelial tissue of the breast gland. One of the most recommended kinds of treatment is radiotherapy (RT), but irradiation (IR) can affect not only the cancer tumor but also the healthy tissue around it. Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) were proposed as a radiosensitizing agent for RT which would allow for lower radiation doses, reducing the negative radiation effects on healthy tissues. The main objective of the study is to assess the dependence on the radiosensitivity of BC (MDA-MB-231) and normal mammary gland epithelial cells (MCF12A) to ionizing radiation, caused by functionalized AuNPs under diverse conditions.Methods: The viability, uptake, reactive oxygen species induction, and mitochondrial membrane potential in cells were analyzed applying a time and concentration-dependent manner. After different incubation times with AuNPs, cells were exposed to 2 Gy. The determination of radiation effect in combination with AuNPs was investigated using the clonogenic assay, p53, and γH2AX level, as well as, Annexin V staining.Results: Our results highlighted the strong need for assessing the experimental conditions’ optimization before the AuNPs will be implemented with IR. Moreover, results indicated that AuNPs did not act universally in cells.Conclusion: AuNPs could be a promising tool as a radiotherapy sensitizing agent, but it should be specified and deeply investigated under what conditions it will be applied taking into consideration not only AuNPs modifications but also the model and experimental conditions.Keywords: oncology, nanotechnology, nanoparticles, radiotherapy, breast cancer

Published
2023

2. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for the treatment of cognitive impairment in frontotemporal dementia: an open-label pilot study

Author

Antczak J, Kowalska K, Klimkowicz-Mrowiec A, Wach B, Kasprzyk K, Banach M, Rzeźnicka-Brzegowy K, Kubica J, and Słowik A

Subjects
Frontotemporal dementia, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract

Jakub Antczak,1 Katarzyna Kowalska,1 Aleksandra Klimkowicz-Mrowiec,1 Barbara Wach,2 Katarzyna Kasprzyk,1 Marta Banach,1 Karolina Rzeźnicka-Brzegowy,3 Jadwiga Kubica,3 Agnieszka Słowik1 1Department of Neurology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland; 2Department of Neurology, 5th Military Hospital with Polyclinic in Cracow, Kraków, Poland; 3Institute of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland Background: Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is one of the most frequent dementia types in patients under 65 years of age. Currently, no therapy can effectively improve the cognitive deficits associated with FTD. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a noninvasive method of inducing brain plasticity with therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of rTMS on cognitive, behavioral, and emotional function in FTD. Methods: Nine patients (seven women, four men, mean age 61.7±10.1 years) with the behavioral variant of FTD, one with nonfluent/agrammatic variant primary progressive aphasia, and one with progressive nonfluent aphasia (subtypes of FTD) underwent 10 daily sessions of 10 Hz rTMS over the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Cognitive and behavioral assessments were administered before and after therapy. Results: After rTMS, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and letter and digit cancellation test scores, as well as reading time and error number in the Stroop test improved. The caregivers’ impression of the daily functioning of patients improved in the Frontal Behavioral Inventory scores. These changes were not paralleled by an improvement of mood. Conclusion: The results indicate that rTMS may improve the cognitive performance of patients with FTD and warrant sham-controlled trials. Keywords: frontotemporal dementia, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, Montreal Cognitive Assessment

Published
2018

8. Looking for supersymmetry: ~1 Tev WIMP and the power of complementarity in LHC and dark matter searches

Author

Kowalska, K., Roszkowski, L., Sessolo, E. M., Trojanowski, S., and Williams, A. J.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

Some doubts have been expressed about low energy supersymmetry (SUSY) following the first run of the LHC. In this talk I will try to present a more upbeat view based on data, rather than theoretical expectations. In particular, I will make the following points: (a) in my opinion the most attractive candidate for dark matter (DM) is now the lightest neutralino with mass around 1 TeV and with well defined properties (a nearly pure higgsino). This follows primarily from a combination of the properties of the discovered Higgs boson, in particular its mass close to 125 Gev, and the relic density of dark matter, and is most clearly visible in the context of unified, or constrained, SUSY frameworks, although the DM candidate is quite generic; (b) this DM candidate will be nearly fully tested in forthcoming one-tonne DM underground search detectors; (c) the CMSSM will be nearly fully tested in the next few years by a combination of expected data from LHC experiments and from direct DM searches, as well as potentially also by the Cherenkov Telescope Array; (d) if naturalness plays any real role in SUSY (which remains unclear), then the amount of fine tuning, which is very large in simple models like the CMSSM, can be significantly reduced (even down to 1 in 20) with properly selected boundary conditions at the unification scale; (e) the (g-2) muon anomaly can be accommodated not only in the context of the general MSSM but also of some unified SUSY models with some superpartners to be within reach of the LHC., Comment: Slightly extended version of a talk by LR given at Rencontre de Moriond QCD and High Energy Phenomena session. 5 pages

Published
2015

11. Flavour Changing Neutral Currents and Inverted Sfermion Mass Hierarchy

Author

Chankowski, P. H., Kowalska, K., Lavignac, S., and Pokorski, S.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

We study the contraints on non-flavour-blind soft supersymmetry breaking terms coming from flavour and CP violating processes in the presence of hierarchical Yukawa couplings, and quantify how much these constraints are weakened in the regions of the MSSM parameter space characterized by heavy gauginos and multi-TeV sfermion masses, respectively. We also study the inverted sfermion mass hierarchy scenario in the context of D-term supersymmetry breaking, and show that generic hierarchical Yukawa couplings with arbitrary phases require first generation squarks in the few 10 TeV range., Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures. Talk given at the XLth Rencontres de Moriond on Electroweak Interactions and Unified Theories, La Thuile, Aosta Valley, Italy, 5-12 March 2005. V3: one reference corrected

Published
2005

12. Update on Fermion Mass Models with an Anomalous Horizontal U(1) Symmetry

Author

Chankowski, P. H., Kowalska, K., Lavignac, S., and Pokorski, S.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

We reconsider models of fermion masses and mixings based on a gauge anomalous horizontal U(1) symmetry. In the simplest model with a single flavon field and horizontal charges of the same sign for all Standard Model fields, only very few charge assignements are allowed when all experimental data, including neutrino oscillation data, is taken into account. We show that a precise description of the observed fermion masses and mixing angles can easily be obtained by generating sets of the order one parameters left unconstrained by the U(1) symmetry. The corresponding Yukawa matrices show several interesting features which may be important for flavour changing neutral currents and CP violation effects in supersymmetric models., Comment: 23 pages, 8 figures

Published
2005
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17. Simple and statistically sound recommendations for analysing physical theories

Author

AbdusSalam, SS, Agocs, FJ, Allanach, BC, Athron, P, Balazs, C, Bagnaschi, E, Bechtle, P, Buchmueller, O, Beniwal, A, Bhom, J, Bloor, S, Bringmann, T, Buckley, A, Butter, A, Camargo-Molina, JE, Chrzaszcz, M, Conrad, J, Cornell, JM, Danninger, M, de Blas, J, De Roeck, A, Desch, K, Dolan, M, Dreiner, H, Eberhardt, O, Ellis, J, Ben, F, Fedele, M, Flaecher, H, Fowlie, A, Gonzalo, TE, Grace, P, Hamer, M, Handley, W, Harz, J, Heinemeyer, S, Hoof, S, Hotinli, S, Jackson, P, Kahlhoefer, F, Kowalska, K, Kraemer, M, Kvellestad, A, Martinez, ML, Mahmoudi, F, Martinez Santos, D, Martinez, GD, Mishima, S, Olive, K, Paul, A, Prim, MT, Porod, W, Raklev, A, Renk, JJ, Rogan, C, Roszkowski, L, de Austri, RR, Sakurai, K, Scaffidi, A, Scott, P, Sessolo, EM, Stefaniak, T, Stoecker, P, Su, W, Trojanowski, S, Trotta, R, Tsai, Y-LS, Van den Abeele, J, Valli, M, Vincent, AC, Weiglein, G, White, M, Wienemann, P, Wu, L, Zhang, Y, AbdusSalam, SS, Agocs, FJ, Allanach, BC, Athron, P, Balazs, C, Bagnaschi, E, Bechtle, P, Buchmueller, O, Beniwal, A, Bhom, J, Bloor, S, Bringmann, T, Buckley, A, Butter, A, Camargo-Molina, JE, Chrzaszcz, M, Conrad, J, Cornell, JM, Danninger, M, de Blas, J, De Roeck, A, Desch, K, Dolan, M, Dreiner, H, Eberhardt, O, Ellis, J, Ben, F, Fedele, M, Flaecher, H, Fowlie, A, Gonzalo, TE, Grace, P, Hamer, M, Handley, W, Harz, J, Heinemeyer, S, Hoof, S, Hotinli, S, Jackson, P, Kahlhoefer, F, Kowalska, K, Kraemer, M, Kvellestad, A, Martinez, ML, Mahmoudi, F, Martinez Santos, D, Martinez, GD, Mishima, S, Olive, K, Paul, A, Prim, MT, Porod, W, Raklev, A, Renk, JJ, Rogan, C, Roszkowski, L, de Austri, RR, Sakurai, K, Scaffidi, A, Scott, P, Sessolo, EM, Stefaniak, T, Stoecker, P, Su, W, Trojanowski, S, Trotta, R, Tsai, Y-LS, Van den Abeele, J, Valli, M, Vincent, AC, Weiglein, G, White, M, Wienemann, P, Wu, L, and Zhang, Y

Abstract

Physical theories that depend on many parameters or are tested against data from many different experiments pose unique challenges to statistical inference. Many models in particle physics, astrophysics and cosmology fall into one or both of these categories. These issues are often sidestepped with statistically unsound ad hoc methods, involving intersection of parameter intervals estimated by multiple experiments, and random or grid sampling of model parameters. Whilst these methods are easy to apply, they exhibit pathologies even in low-dimensional parameter spaces, and quickly become problematic to use and interpret in higher dimensions. In this article we give clear guidance for going beyond these procedures, suggesting where possible simple methods for performing statistically sound inference, and recommendations of readily-available software tools and standards that can assist in doing so. Our aim is to provide any physicists lacking comprehensive statistical training with recommendations for reaching correct scientific conclusions, with only a modest increase in analysis burden. Our examples can be reproduced with the code publicly available at Zenodo.

Published
2022

22. Inflammatory versus anti-inflammatory profiles in major depressive disorders—the role of il-17, il-21, il-23, il-35 and foxp3

Author

Gałecka, M, Bliźniewska-Kowalska, K, Orzechowska, A, Szemraj, J, Maes, M, Berk, Michael, Su, KP, Gałecki, P, Gałecka, M, Bliźniewska-Kowalska, K, Orzechowska, A, Szemraj, J, Maes, M, Berk, Michael, Su, KP, and Gałecki, P

Abstract

Background: The authors of this research study intended to verify whether there are any changes in gene expression in depressed patients without coexisting inflammatory diseases for selected immune-inflammatory factors that are particularly important in autoimmune disease pathogenesis (IL-17, IL-21, IL-23, IL-35, Foxp3). Methods: The study was carried out on a group of 190 patients with depression and 100 healthy volunteers. The severity of depressive symptoms was assessed using the Hamilton Depression Scale. RT-PCR was used to evaluate mRNA expression and ELISA was used to measure protein expression of these genes. Results: The level of gene expression for IL-17, IL-21, IL-23, and IL-35 was substantially higher in the group of patients with depression compared to the control group. The mean mRNA expression of Foxp3 was considerably reduced in patients suffering from depressive disorders. There was a statistically significant correlation between the number of hospitalizations and the expression of specific inflammatory factors. Conclusions: Expression of specific inflammatory genes may be a factor in the etiopathogenesis of depressive disorders. The duration of the disease seems to be more important for the expression of the genes in question than the severity of depression. These cytokines may affect the metabolism of neurotransmitters and neuroendocrine functions in the brain as well as be a marker and a new potential therapeutic target for recurrent depressive disorders.

Published
2021

37. Outward Labour Migration in the Czech Republic, Poland and Slovakia after the EU Enlargement in 2004

Author

Wadim Strielkowski, Filipec, P., Štefánik, M., and Kowalska, K.

Subjects
HB Economic Theory, HG Finance, jel:J61, HF Commerce, Labour migration, emigration, EU Enlargement, Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia, jel:F02, jel:F22
Abstract

This paper analyzes the outward labour migration from the Czech Republic, Poland and Slovakia to predominantly EU15 countries. It describes the incentives for emigration and evaluates the effect of the EU accession in 2004 for all three countries using the regional data. Our empirical estimation suggests that while outward labour migration from Poland was positively related to lagged emigration and negatively related to employment rate and average real wage, this relationship was less obvious and significant in the case of the Czech Republic and Slovakia. In addition, our results also imply that the EU accession had only indirect impact on emigration for three countries in question.

Published
2013

39. Laser spectroscopy of gallium isotopes beyond N= 50

Author

B Cheal, J Billowes, ML Bissell, K Blaum, FC Charlwood, KT Flanagan, DH Forest, Ch Geppert, M Kowalska, K Kreim, A Krieger, J Krämer, KM Lynch, E Mané, ID Moore, R Neugart, G Neyens, W Nörtershäuser, J Papuga, TJ Procter, MM Rajabali, HH Stroke, P Vingerhoets, DT Yordanov, M Žáková

Subjects
Physics::Accelerator Physics, Nuclear Experiment, Accelerators, beams and electromagnetism. Nuclear physics. Instrumentation and measurement. Particle physics and field theory
Abstract

The installation of an ion–beam cooler–buncher at the ISOLDE, CERN facility has provided increased sensitivity for collinear laser spectroscopy experiments. A migration of single-particle states in gallium and in copper isotopes has been investigated through extensive measurements of ground state and isomeric state hyperfine structures. Lying beyond the N = 50 shell closure, 82Ga is the most exotic nucleus in the region to have been studied by optical methods, and is reported here for the first time.

Published
2012

40. Wykwalifikowane imigrantki z Polski na wLoskim rynku pracy: case study w Prowincji Rzymu [trad. Lavoratrici polacche altamente qualificate nel mercato del lavoro italiano: case study nella provincia di Roma]

Author

Kowalska K. and Pelliccia A.

Subjects
Highly skilled migration, Life histories, Gender, Brain drain, Polish migration
Abstract

This survey aims at studying the mobility of Polish high skilled female workers who live in Italy and at analysing their integration into society and labour market, with particular reference to the problem of brain waste. Using a biographical approach we analyse the reasons for their migration from a transnational perspective and we highlight the active role of the Polish social network that explains the high presence of Polish people in Rome, not only with reference to purely economical reasons. Finally, we try to understand how the academic and career path play an important role in looking into possible problems connected to the correct use of their professional competences and acknowledgement of the university course credits in light of brain waste.

Published
2012

42. Injectable self-gelling composites for bone tissue engineering based on gellan gum hydrogel enriched with different bioglasses

Author

Douglas, T.E., Piwowarczyk, W., Pamula, E., Liskova, J., Schaubroeck, D., Leeuwenburgh, S.C., Brackman, G., Balcaen, L., Detsch, R., Declercq, H., Cholewa-Kowalska, K., Dokupil, A., Cuijpers, V.M., Vanhaecke, F., Cornelissen, R., Coenye, T., Boccaccini, A.R., Dubruel, P., Douglas, T.E., Piwowarczyk, W., Pamula, E., Liskova, J., Schaubroeck, D., Leeuwenburgh, S.C., Brackman, G., Balcaen, L., Detsch, R., Declercq, H., Cholewa-Kowalska, K., Dokupil, A., Cuijpers, V.M., Vanhaecke, F., Cornelissen, R., Coenye, T., Boccaccini, A.R., and Dubruel, P.

Abstract

Item does not contain fulltext, Hydrogels of biocompatible calcium-crosslinkable polysaccharide gellan gum (GG) were enriched with bioglass particles to enhance (i) mineralization with calcium phosphate (CaP); (ii) antibacterial properties and (iii) growth of bone-forming cells for future bone regeneration applications. Three bioglasses were compared, namely one calcium-rich and one calcium-poor preparation both produced by a sol-gel technique (hereafter referred to as A2 and S2, respectively) and one preparation of composition close to that of the commonly used 45S5 type (hereafter referred to as NBG). Incubation in SBF for 7 d, 14 d and 21 d caused apatite formation in bioglass-containing but not in bioglass-free samples, as confirmed by FTIR, XRD, SEM, ICP-OES, and measurements of dry mass, i.e. mass attributable to polymer and mineral and not water. Mechanical testing revealed an increase in compressive modulus in samples containing S2 and NBG but not A2. Antibacterial testing using biofilm-forming meticillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) showed markedly higher antibacterial activity of samples containing A2 and S2 than samples containing NBG and bioglass-free samples. Cell biological characterization using rat mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs) revealed a stimulatory effect of NBG on rMSC differentiation. The addition of bioglass thus promotes GG mineralizability and, depending on bioglass type, antibacterial properties and rMSC differentiation.

Published
2014

43. Dread in Academia – how COVID-19 affects science and scientists

Author

Kowal Marta, Sorokowski Piotr, Sorokowska Agnieszka, Lebuda Izabela, Groyecka-Bernard Agata, Białek Michał, Kowalska Kaja, Wojtycka Lidia, Olszewska Alicja M., and Karwowski Maciej

Subjects
covid-19, academia, scientists, gender differences, pandemic, Anthropology, GN1-890
Abstract

In order to gain an insight into scholars’ concerns emerging from the COVID-19 crisis, we asked scientists from all over the world about their attitudes and predictions regarding the repercussions of this current crisis on academia. Our data showed that the academic world was placed in an unprecedented situation. Results further showed that everybody worked on-line, conducting studies was impossible or highly impeded, and lab work was difficult. Almost a quarter of all scientists participating in our survey were anxious about their scientific employment, and over 25% expected serious financial losses as a consequence of the pandemic. Moreover, we identified sex differences regarding the severity of the COVID-19 impact in the majority of questions. We inferred from this that women perceived to be in a worse situation than men.

Published
2020
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