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1. A paradigm shift in cystic fibrosis nutritional care: Clinicians' views on the management of patients with overweight and obesity

Author: Snowball, JE, Flight, WG, Heath, L, and Koutoukidis, DA
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Abstract: Background Overweight and obesity among people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) has become more prevalent since the widespread adoption of CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator therapies and presents a new challenge for nutritional care. We aimed to explore how clinicians working in CF care approach the management of adults with overweight and obesity. Methods We conducted semi-structured interviews with n = 20 clinicians (n = 6 physiotherapists, n = 6 doctors and n = 8 dietitians) working in 15 adult CF centres in the United Kingdom. The interviews explored their perspectives and current practices caring for people with CF and overweight/obesity. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Results Four main themes were identified: 1) challenges of raising the topic of overweight and obesity in the CF clinic (e.g., clinician-patient rapport and concerns around weight stigma); 2) the changing landscape of assessment due to CF-specific causes of weight gain: (e.g., impact of CFTR modulators and CF legacy diet) 3) presence of clinical equipoise for weight management due to the lack of CF-specific evidence on the consequences of obesity and intentional weight loss (e.g., unclear consequences on respiratory outcomes and risk of weight related co-morbidities) and 4) opportunities for a safe, effective, and acceptable weight management treatment for people with CF (e.g., working collaboratively with current multidisciplinary CF care). Conclusions Approaching weight management in the CF setting is complex. Trials are needed to assess the equipoise of weight management interventions in this group and CF-specific issues should be considered when developing such interventions.
Published: 2023
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2. Changes in virus-transmission habits during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-national, repeated measures study

Author: Rebar, AL, Lally, P, Verplanken, B, Diefenbacher, S, Kwasnicka, D, Rhodes, RE, Lanzini, P, Koutoukidis, DA, Venema, TAG, Gardner, B, Rebar, AL, Lally, P, Verplanken, B, Diefenbacher, S, Kwasnicka, D, Rhodes, RE, Lanzini, P, Koutoukidis, DA, Venema, TAG, and Gardner, B
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The COVID-19 pandemic saw promotion of novel virus transmission-reduction behaviours, and discouragement of familiar transmission-conducive behaviours. Understanding changes in the automatic nature of such behaviours is important, because habitual behaviours may be more easily reactivated in future outbreaks and disrupting old habits may discontinue unwanted behaviours. DESIGN: A repeated-measures, multi-national design tracked virus-transmission habits and behaviour fortnightly over six months (Apr-Sept 2020) among 517 participants (age M = 42 ± 16y, 79% female). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Within-participant habit trajectories across all timepoints, and engagement in transmission-reduction behaviours (handwashing when entering home; handwashing with soap for 20 seconds; physical distancing) and transmission-conducive behaviours (coughing/sneezing into hands; making physical contact) summed over the final two timepoints. RESULTS: Three habit trajectory types were observed. Habits that remained strong ('stable strong habit') and habits that strengthened ('habit formation') were most common for transmission-reduction behaviours. Erosion of initially strong habits ('habit degradation') was most common for transmission-conducive behaviours. Regression analyses showed 'habit formation' and 'stable strong habit' trajectories were associated with greater behavioural engagement at later timepoints. CONCLUSION: Participants typically maintained or formed transmission-reduction habits, which encouraged later performance, and degraded transmission-conducive habits, which decreased performance. Findings suggest COVID-19-preventive habits may be recoverable in future virus outbreaks.
Published: 2022

3. Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Author: Brown, P, Miller, JJ, Werner, GDA, Keown, JR, Bush, SJ, Koleva-Kolarova, RG, Koutoukidis, DA, Shalev, N, Zhou, Y, and Consortium, RELISH
Abstract: Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency–Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research.
Published: 2020

4. Diet, physical activity, and health-related outcomes of endometrial cancer survivors in a behavioural lifestyle programme: the Diet and Exercise in Uterine Cancer Survivors (DEUS) parallel randomised controlled pilot trial

Author: Koutoukidis, DA, Beeken, RJ, Manchanda, R, Burnell, M, Ziaudeen, N, Michalopoulou, M, Knobf, MT, and Lanceley, A
Published: 2019

5. Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Author: Brown, P, Tan, A-C, El-Esawi, MA, Liehr, T, Blanck, O, Gladue, DP, Almeida, GMF, Cernava, T, Sorzano, CO, Yeung, AWK, Engel, MS, Chandrasekaran, AR, Muth, T, Staege, MS, Daulatabad, SV, Widera, D, Zhang, J, Meule, A, Honjo, K, Pourret, O, Yin, C-C, Zhang, Z, Cascella, M, Flegel, WA, Goodyear, CS, van Raaij, MJ, Bukowy-Bieryllo, Z, Campana, LG, Kurniawan, NA, Lalaouna, D, Huttner, FJ, Ammerman, BA, Ehret, F, Cobine, PA, Tan, E-C, Han, H, Xia, W, McCrum, C, Dings, RPM, Marinello, F, Nilsson, H, Nixon, B, Voskarides, K, Yang, L, Costa, VD, Bengtsson-Palme, J, Bradshaw, W, Grimm, DG, Kumar, N, Martis, E, Prieto, D, Sabnis, SC, Amer, SEDR, Liew, AWC, Perco, P, Rahimi, F, Riva, G, Zhang, C, Devkota, HP, Ogami, K, Basharat, Z, Fierz, W, Siebers, R, Tan, K-H, Boehme, KA, Brenneisen, P, Brown, JAL, Dalrymple, BP, Harvey, DJ, Ng, G, Werten, S, Bleackley, M, Dai, Z, Dhariwal, R, Gelfer, Y, Hartmann, MD, Miotla, P, Tamaian, R, Govender, P, Gurney-Champion, OJ, Kauppila, JH, Zhang, X, Echeverria, N, Subhash, S, Sallmon, H, Tofani, M, Bae, T, Bosch, O, Cuiv, PO, Danchin, A, Diouf, B, Eerola, T, Evangelou, E, Filipp, FV, Klump, H, Kurgan, L, Smith, SS, Terrier, O, Tuttle, N, Ascher, DB, Janga, SC, Schulte, LN, Becker, D, Browngardt, C, Bush, SJ, Gaullier, G, Ide, K, Meseko, C, Werner, GDA, Zaucha, J, Al-Farha, AA, Greenwald, NF, Popoola, SI, Rahman, MS, Xu, J, Yang, SY, Hiroi, N, Alper, OM, Baker, CI, Bitzer, M, Chacko, G, Debrabant, B, Dixon, R, Forano, E, Gilliham, M, Kelly, S, Klempnauer, K-H, Lidbury, BA, Lin, MZ, Lynch, I, Ma, W, Maibach, EW, Mather, DE, Nandakumar, KS, Ohgami, RS, Parchi, P, Tressoldi, P, Xue, Y, Armitage, C, Barraud, P, Chatzitheochari, S, Coelho, LP, Diao, J, Doxey, AC, Gobet, A, Hu, P, Kaiser, S, Mitchell, KM, Salama, MF, Shabalin, IG, Song, H, Stevanovic, D, Yadollahpour, A, Zeng, E, Zinke, K, Alimba, CG, Beyene, TJ, Cao, Z, Chan, SS, Gatchell, M, Kleppe, A, Piotrowski, M, Torga, G, Woldesemayat, AA, Cosacak, MI, Haston, S, Ross, SA, Williams, R, Wong, A, Abramowitz, MK, Effiong, A, Lee, S, Abid, MB, Agarabi, C, Alaux, C, Albrecht, DR, Atkins, GJ, Beck, CR, Bonvin, AMJJ, Bourke, E, Brand, T, Braun, RJ, Bull, JA, Cardoso, P, Carter, D, Delahay, RM, Ducommun, B, Duijf, PHG, Epp, T, Eskelinen, E-L, Fallah, M, Farber, DB, Fernandez-Triana, J, Feyerabend, F, Florio, T, Friebe, M, Furuta, S, Gabrielsen, M, Gruber, J, Grybos, M, Han, Q, Heinrich, M, Helantera, H, Huber, M, Jeltsch, A, Jiang, F, Josse, C, Jurman, G, Kamiya, H, de Keersmaecker, K, Kristiansson, E, de Leeuw, F-E, Li, J, Liang, S, Lopez-Escamez, JA, Lopez-Ruiz, FJ, Marchbank, KJ, Marschalek, R, Martin, CS, Miele, AE, Montagutelli, X, Morcillo, E, Nicoletti, R, Niehof, M, O'Toole, R, Ohtomo, T, Oster, H, Palma, J-A, Paterson, R, Peifer, M, Portilla, M, Portillo, MC, Pritchard, AL, Pusch, S, Raghava, GPS, Roberts, NJ, Ross, K, Schuele, B, Sergeant, K, Shen, J, Stella, A, Sukocheva, O, Uversky, VN, Vanneste, S, Villet, MH, Viveiros, M, Vorholt, JA, Weinstock, C, Yamato, M, Zabetakis, I, Zhao, X, Ziegler, A, Aizat, WM, Atlas, L, Bridges, KM, Chakraborty, S, Deschodt, M, Domingues, HS, Esfahlani, SS, Falk, S, Guisado, JL, Kane, NC, Kueberuwa, G, Lau, CL, Liang, D, Liu, E, Luu, AM, Ma, C, Ma, L, Moyer, R, Norris, AD, Panthee, S, Parsons, JR, Peng, Y, Pinto, IM, Reschke, CR, Sillanpaa, E, Stewart, CJ, Uhle, F, Yang, H, Zhou, K, Zhu, S, Ashry, M, Bergsland, N, Berthold, M, Chen, C-E, Colella, V, Cuypers, M, Eskew, EA, Fan, X, Gajda, M, Gonzalezlez-Prendes, R, Goodin, A, Graham, EB, Groen, EJN, Gutierrez-Sacristan, A, Habes, M, Heffler, E, Higginbottom, DB, Janzen, T, Jayaraman, J, Jibb, LA, Jongen, S, Kinyanjui, T, Koleva-Kolarova, RG, Li, Z, Liu, Y-P, Lund, BA, Lussier, AA, Mier, P, Moore, MD, Nagler, K, Orme, MW, Pearson, JA, Prajapati, AS, Saito, Y, Troder, SE, Uchendu, F, Verloh, N, Voutchkova, DD, Abu-Zaid, A, Bakkach, J, Baumert, P, Dono, M, Hanson, J, Herbelet, S, Hobbs, E, Kulkarni, A, Liu, S, Loft, ND, Reddan, T, Senghore, T, Vindin, H, Xu, H, Bannon, R, Chen, B, Cheung, JTK, Cooper, J, Esnakul, AK, Feghali, KA, Ghelardi, E, Gnasso, A, Horbar, J, Lai, HM, Ma, R, Pan, Z, Peres, MA, Pranata, R, Seow, E, Sydes, M, Testoni, I, Westermair, AL, Yang, Y, Afnan, M, Albiol, J, Albuquerque, LG, Amiya, E, Amorim, RM, An, Q, Andersen, SU, Aplin, JD, Argyropoulos, C, Asmann, YW, Assaeed, AM, Atanasov, AG, Atchison, DA, Avery, SV, Avillach, P, Baade, PD, Backman, L, Badie, C, Baldi, A, Ball, E, Bardot, O, Barnett, AG, Basner, M, Batra, J, Bazanova, OM, Beale, A, Beddoe, T, Bell, ML, Berezikov, E, Berners-Price, S, Bernhardt, P, Berry, E, Bessa, TB, Billington, C, Birch, J, Blakely, RD, Blaskovich, MAT, Blum, R, Boelaert, M, Bogdanos, D, Bosch, C, Bourgoin, T, Bouvard, D, Boykin, LM, Bradley, G, Braun, D, Brownlie, J, Bruhl, A, Burt, A, Butler, LM, Byrareddy, SN, Byrne, HJ, Cabantous, S, Calatayud, S, Candal, E, Carlson, K, Casillas, S, Castelvetro, V, Caswell, PT, Cavalli, G, Cerovsky, V, Chagoyen, M, Chen, C-S, Chen, DF, Chen, H, Chen, J-T, Chen, Y, Cheng, C, Cheng, J, Chinapaw, M, Chinopoulos, C, Cho, WCS, Chong, L, Chowdhury, D, Chwalibog, A, Ciresi, A, Cockcroft, S, Conesa, A, Cook, PA, Cooper, DN, Coqueret, O, Corea, EM, Costa, E, Coupland, C, Crawford, SY, Cruz, AD, Cui, H, Cui, Q, Culver, DC, D'Angiulli, A, Dahms, TES, Daigle, F, Dalgleish, R, Danielsen, HE, Darras, S, Davidson, SM, Day, DA, Degirmenci, V, Demaison, L, Devriendt, K, Ding, J, Dogan, Y, Dong, XC, Donner, CF, Dressick, W, Drevon, CA, Duan, H, Ducho, C, Dumaz, N, Dwarakanath, BS, Ebell, MH, Eisenhardt, S, Elkum, N, Engel, N, Erickson, TB, Fairhead, M, Faville, MJ, Fejzo, MS, Festa, F, Feteira, A, Flood-Page, P, Forsayeth, J, Fox, SA, Franks, SJ, Frentiu, FD, Frilander, MJ, Fu, X, Fujita, S, Galea, I, Galluzzi, L, Gani, F, Ganpule, AP, Garcia-Alix, A, Gedye, K, Giordano, M, Giunta, C, Gleeson, PA, Goarant, C, Gong, H, Gora, D, Gough, MJ, Goyal, R, Graham, KE, Grande-Perez, A, Graves, PM, Greidanus, H, Grice, D, Grunau, C, Gumulya, Y, Guo, Y, Gurevich, VV, Gusev, O, Hacker, E, Hage, SR, Hagen, G, Hahn, S, Haller, DM, Hammerschmidt, S, Han, J, Han, R, Handfield, M, Hapuarachchi, HC, Harder, T, Hardingham, JE, Heck, M, Heers, M, Hew, KF, Higuchi, Y, St Hilaire, C, Hilton, R, Hodzic, E, Hone, A, Hongoh, Y, Hu, G, Huber, HP, Hueso, LE, Huirne, J, Hurt, L, Idborg, H, Ikeo, K, Ingley, E, Jakeman, PM, Jensen, A, Jia, H, Jia, S, Jiang, J, Jiang, X, Jin, Y, Jo, D, Johnson, AM, Johnston, M, Jonscher, KR, Jorens, PG, Jorgensen, JOL, Joubert, JW, Jung, S-H, Junior, AM, Kahan, T, Kamboj, SK, Kang, Y-K, Karamanos, Y, Karp, NA, Kelly, R, Kenna, R, Kennedy, J, Kersten, B, Khalaf, RA, Khalid, JM, Khatlani, T, Khider, T, Kijanka, GS, King, SRB, Kluz, T, Knox, P, Kobayashi, T, Koch, K-W, Kohonen-Corish, MRJ, Kong, X, Konkle-Parker, D, Korpela, KM, Kostrikis, LG, Kraiczy, P, Kratz, H, Krause, G, Krebsbach, PH, Kristensen, SR, Kumari, P, Kunimatsu, A, Kurdak, H, Kwon, YD, Lachat, C, Lagisz, M, Laky, B, Lammerding, J, Lange, M, Larrosa, M, Laslett, AL, LeClair, EE, Lee, K-W, Lee, M-Y, Lee, M-S, Li, G, Lieb, K, Lim, YY, Lindsey, ML, Line, P-D, Liu, D, Liu, F, Liu, H, Lloyd, VK, Lo, T-W, Locci, E, Loidl, J, Lorenzen, J, Lorkowski, S, Lovell, NH, Lu, H, Lu, W, Lu, Z, Luengo, GS, Lundh, L-G, Lysy, PA, Mabb, A, Mack, HG, Mackey, DA, Mahdavi, SR, Maher, P, Maher, T, Maity, SN, Malgrange, B, Mamoulakis, C, Mangoni, AA, Manke, T, Manstead, ASR, Mantalaris, A, Marsal, J, Marschall, H-U, Martin, FL, Martinez-Raga, J, Martinez-Salas, E, Mathieu, D, Matsui, Y, Maza, E, McCutcheon, JE, Mckay, GJ, McMillan, B, McMillan, N, Meads, C, Medina, L, Merrick, BA, Metzger, DW, Meunier, FA, Michaelis, M, Micheau, O, Mihara, H, Mintz, EM, Mizukami, T, Moalic, Y, Mohapatra, DP, Monteiro, A, Montes, M, Moran, JV, Morozov, SY, Mort, M, Murai, N, Murphy, DJ, Murphy, SK, Murray, SA, Naganawa, S, Nammi, S, Nasios, G, Natoli, RM, Nguyen, F, Nicol, C, van Nieuwerburgh, F, Nilsen, EB, Nobile, CJ, O'Mahony, M, Ohlsson, S, Olatunbosun, O, Olofsson, P, Ortiz, A, Ostrikov, K, Otto, S, Outeiro, TF, Ouyang, S, Paganoni, S, Page, A, Palm, C, Paradies, Y, Parsons, MH, Parsons, N, Pascal, P, Paul, E, Peckham, M, Pedemonte, N, Pellizzon, MA, Petrelli, M, Pichugin, A, Pinto, CJC, Plevris, JN, Pollesello, P, Polz, M, Ponti, G, Porcelli, P, Prince, M, Quinn, GP, Quinn, TJ, Ramula, S, Rappsilber, J, Rehfeldt, F, Reiling, JH, Remacle, C, Rezaei, M, Riddick, EW, Ritter, U, Roach, NW, Roberts, DD, Robles, G, Rodrigues, T, Rodriguez, C, Roislien, J, Roobol, MJ, Rowe, JA, Ruepp, A, van Ruitenbeek, J, Rust, P, Saad, S, Sack, GH, Santos, M, Saudemont, A, Sava, G, Schrading, S, Schramm, A, Schreiber, M, Schuler, S, Schymkowitz, J, Sczyrba, A, Seib, KL, Shi, H-P, Shimada, T, Shin, J-S, Shortt, C, Silveyra, P, Skinner, D, Small, I, Smeets, PAM, So, P-W, Solano, F, Sonenshine, DE, Song, J, Southall, T, Speakman, JR, Srinivasan, MV, Stabile, LP, Stasiak, A, Steadman, KJ, Stein, N, Stephens, AW, Stewart, DI, Stine, K, Storlazzi, C, Stoynova, NV, Strzalka, W, Suarez, OM, Sultana, T, Sumant, AV, Summers, MJ, Sun, G, Tacon, P, Tanaka, K, Tang, H, Tanino, Y, Targett-Adams, P, Tayebi, M, Tayyem, R, Tebbe, CC, Telfer, EE, Tempel, W, Teodorczyk-Injeyan, JA, Thijs, G, Thorne, S, Thrift, AG, Tiffon, C, Tinnefeld, P, Tjahjono, DH, Tolle, F, Toth, E, del Tredici, AL, Tsapas, A, Tsirigotis, K, Turak, A, Tzotzos, G, Udo, EE, Utsumi, T, Vaidyanathan, S, Vaillant, M, Valsesia, A, Vandenbroucke, RE, Veiga, FH, Vendrell, M, Vesk, PA, Vickers, P, Victor, VM, Villemur, R, Vohl, M-C, Voolstra, CR, Vuillemin, A, Wakelin, S, Waldron, L, Walsh, LJ, Wang, AY, Wang, F, Wang, Y, Watanabe, Y, Weigert, A, Wen, J-C, Wham, C, White, EP, Wiener, J, Wilharm, G, Wilkinson, S, Willmann, R, Wilson, C, Wirth, B, Wojan, TR, Wolff, M, Wong, BM, Wu, T-W, Wuerbel, H, Xiao, X, Xu, D, Xu, JW, Xue, B, Yalcin, S, Yan, H, Yang, E-C, Yang, S, Yang, W, Ye, Y, Ye, Z-Q, Yli-Kauhaluoma, J, Yoneyama, H, Yu, Y, Yuan, G-C, Yuh, C-H, Zaccolo, M, Zeng, C, Zevnik, B, Zhang, L, Zhang, Y, Zhang, Z-Y, Zhao, Y, Zhou, M, Zuberbier, T, Aanei, CM, Ahmad, R, Al-Lawama, M, Alanio, A, Allardyce, J, Alonso-Caneiro, D, Atack, JM, Baier, D, Bansal, A, Benezeth, Y, Berbesque, C, Berrevoet, F, Biedermann, PHW, Bijleveld, E, Bittner, F, Blombach, F, Van den Bos, W, Boudreau, SA, Bramoweth, AD, Braubach, O, Cai, Y, Campbell, M, Catry, T, Chen, X, Cheng, S, Chung, H-J, Chavez-Fumagalli, MA, Conway, A, Costa, BM, Cyr, N, Dean, LT, Denzel, MS, Dlamini, SV, Dudley, KJ, Dufies, M, Ecke, T, Eckweiler, D, Eixarch, E, El-Adawy, H, Emmrich, JV, Eustace, AJ, Falter-Wagner, CM, Fuss, J, Gao, J, Gill, MR, Gloyn, L, Goggs, R, Govinden, U, Greene, G, Greiff, V, Grundle, DS, Gruneberg, P, Gumede, N, Haore, G, Harrison, P, Hoenner, X, Hojsgaard, D, Hori, H, Ikonomopoulou, MP, Jeurissen, P, Johnson, DM, Kabra, D, Kamagata, K, Karmakar, C, Kasian, O, Kaye, LK, Khan, MM, Kim, Y-M, Kish, JK, Kobold, S, Kohanbash, G, Kohls, G, Kugler, J-M, Kumar, G, Lacy-Colson, J, Latif, A, Lauschke, VM, Li, B, Lim, CJ, Liu, X, Lu, J-J, Lu, Q, Mahavadi, P, Marzocchi, U, McGarrigle, CA, van Meerten, T, Min, R, Moal, I, Molari, M, Molleman, L, Mondal, SR, Van de Mortel, T, Moss, WN, Moultos, OA, Mukherjee, M, Nakayama, K, Narayan, E, Navaratnarajah, Neumann, P-A, Nie, J, Nie, Y, Niemeyer, F, Fiona, Nwaiwu, O, Oldenmenger, WH, Olumayede, E, Ou, J, Pallebage-Gamarallage, M, Pearce, SP, Pelkonen, T, Pelleri, MC, Pereira, JL, Pheko, M, Pinto, KA, Piovesan, A, Pluess, M, Podolsky, IM, Prescott, J, Qi, D, Qi, X, Raikou, VD, Ranft, A, Rhodes, J, Rotge, J-Y, Rowe, AD, Saggar, M, Schuon, RA, Shahid, S, Shalchyan, V, Shirvalkar, P, Shiryayev, O, Singh, J, Smout, MJ, Soares, A, Song, C, Srivastava, K, Srivastava, RK, Sun, J, Szabo, A, Szymanski, W, Tai, CNP, Takeuchi, H, Tanadini-Lang, S, Tang, F, Tao, W, Theron, G, Tian, CF, Tian, Y-S, Tuttle, LM, Valenti, A, Verlot, P, Walker, M, Wang, J, Welter, D, Winslade, M, Wu, D, Wu, Y-R, Xiao, H, Xu, B, Xu, Z, Yang, D, Yang, M, Yankilevich, P, You, Y, Yu, C, Zhan, J, 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and Zhou, Y
Published: 2019

6. Use of intervention mapping to adapt a health behavior change intervention for endometrial cancer survivors: the Shape-Up following cancer treatment program

Author: Koutoukidis, DA, Lopes, S, Atkins, L, Croker, H, Knobf, MT, Lanceley, A, and Beeken, RJ
Subjects: Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Physical activity, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Health Behavior, lcsh:RA1-1270, Health Promotion, Survivorship, Overweight, Diet, Endometrial Neoplasms, Cancer Survivors, Behavior change, Endometrial cancer, Intervention mapping, Evidence-Based Practice, Healthy eating, Humans, Female, Healthy Lifestyle, Obesity, Exercise, Research Article
Abstract: Background About 80% of endometrial cancer survivors (ECS) are overweight or obese and have sedentary behaviors. Lifestyle behavior interventions are promising for improving dietary and physical activity behaviors, but the constructs associated with their effectiveness are often inadequately reported. The aim of this study was to systematically adapt an evidence-based behavior change program to improve healthy lifestyle behaviors in ECS. Methods Following a review of the literature, focus groups and interviews were conducted with ECS (n = 16). An intervention mapping protocol was used for the program adaptation, which consisted of six steps: a needs assessment, formulation of matrices of change objectives, selection of theoretical methods and practical applications, program production, adoption and implementation planning, and evaluation planning. Social Cognitive Theory and Control Theory guided the adaptation of the intervention. Results The process consisted of eight 90-min group sessions focusing on shaping outcome expectations, knowledge, self-efficacy, and goals about healthy eating and physical activity. The adapted performance objectives included establishment of regular eating, balanced diet, and portion sizes, reduction in sedentary behaviors, increase in lifestyle and organized activities, formulation of a discrepancy-reducing feedback loop for all above behaviors, and trigger management. Information on managing fatigue and bowel issues unique to ECS were added. Conclusions Systematic intervention mapping provided a framework to design a cancer survivor-centered lifestyle intervention. ECS welcomed the intervention and provided essential feedback for its adaptation. The program has been evaluated through a randomized controlled trial. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-018-5329-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Published: 2018

7. Recruitment, adherence, and retention of endometrial cancer survivors in a behavioural lifestyle programme: the Diet and Exercise in Uterine Cancer Survivors (DEUS) parallel randomised pilot trial

Author: Koutoukidis, DA, Beeken, RJ, Manchanda, R, Michalopoulou, M, Burnell, M, Knobf, MT, and Lanceley, A
Subjects: Adult, Patient Selection, Research, Health Behavior, Social Support, physical activity, Pilot Projects, behaviour change, Endometrial Neoplasms, healthy eating, Self Care, Cancer Survivors, Endometrial cancer, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Quality of Life, Humans, Patient Compliance, Female, Single-Blind Method, Healthy Lifestyle, Exercise, survivorship, intervention
Abstract: Objective: Healthy eating and physical activity may help endometrial cancer survivors (ECS) improve their quality of life. However, most ECS do not meet the relevant guidelines. This pilot trial aimed to test the study feasibility procedures for a definitive trial of a behavioural lifestyle programme. Design and setting: This 24-week parallel two-arm randomised pilot trial took place in two hospitals in London, UK (April 2015–June 2016). Participants: Sixty disease-free ECS within 3 years of diagnosis. Interventions: Participants were randomised using minimisation to receive the intervention or care as usual. The ‘Shape-Up following cancer treatment’ programme used self-monitoring, goal-setting, self-incentives, problem-solving and group social support for 12 hours over 8 weeks to help survivors improve their eating and physical activity. Outcome measures: The main outcome measures were recruitment, adherence, and retention rates. Further outcomes included barriers to participation and feedback on programme satisfaction. Results: Of the 296 potentially eligible ECS, 20% (n=60) were randomly allocated to the active intervention (n=29) or control group (n=31). Three participants in each arm were deemed ineligible after randomisation and excluded from analysis. Twenty participants (77%; 95% CI 61% to 93%) adhered to the intervention and provided generally favourable feedback. At 24 weeks, 25/26 (96%; 95% CI 89% to 100%) intervention and 24/28 (86%; 95% CI 73% to 99%) control participants completed their assessment. No intervention-related adverse events were reported. Among eligible survivors who declined study participation (n=83), inconvenience (78%; 95% CI 69% to 87%) was the most common barrier. Conclusions: The trial was feasible to deliver based on the a priori feasibility criteria. Enhancing recruitment and adherence in a definitive trial will require designs that promote convenience and consider ECS-reported barriers. Trial registration number: NCT02433080; Pre-results. Trial funding: University College London, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital Nurses League, and NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre.
Published: 2017

8. Diet and exercise in uterine cancer survivors (DEUS pilot) - piloting a healthy eating and physical activity program: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Author: Koutoukidis, DA, Beeken, RJ, Manchanda, R, Burnell, M, Knobf, MT, and Lanceley, A
Subjects: Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Time Factors, Health Behavior, Nutritional Status, physical activity, Medicine (miscellaneous), Pilot Projects, behaviour change, Study Protocol, Clinical Protocols, Endometrial cancer, London, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Survivors, Exercise, Life Style, Motivation, Diet, Endometrial Neoplasms, healthy eating, Self Care, Treatment Outcome, Research Design, Feasibility Studies, Patient Compliance, Female, Erratum, survivorship
Abstract: Background Endometrial cancer survivors comprise a high-risk group for obesity-related comorbidities. Healthy eating and physical activity can lead to better health and well-being, but this population may experience difficulties adopting healthy lifestyle practices. Personalised behaviour change programmes that are feasible, acceptable and cost-effective are needed. The aim of this trial is to pilot a manualised programme about healthy eating and physical activity. Methods/design This is a phase II, individually randomized, parallel, controlled, two-site, pilot clinical trial. Adult endometrial cancer survivors (n = 64) who have been diagnosed with endometrial cancer within the previous 3 years and are not on active treatment will be invited to participate. Participants will be assigned in a 1:1 ratio through minimisation to either an 8-week, group-based, behaviour-change programme with weekly 90-min sessions about healthy eating and physical activity or usual care. The intervention will focus on self-monitoring, goal setting and self-rewards. Follow-up assessments will be conducted at 8 and 24 weeks from the baseline assessment. Primary feasibility outcomes will include rates of recruitment, adherence, and retention. Discussion The study results will inform the development of a definitive randomised controlled trial to test if the programme can improve the health and quality of life of this population. It will also provide guidance on costing the intervention and the health care resource use in this population. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02433080, 20 April 2015. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13063-016-1260-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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9. Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Author: Zeineb, Zian, Brown, Peter, Tan, Aik-Choon, El-Esawi, Mohamed A., Liehr, Thomas, Blanck, Oliver, Gladue, Douglas P., Almeida, Gabriel M. F., Cernava, Tomislav, Sorzano, Carlos O., Yeung, Andy W. K., Engel, Michael S., Chandrasekaran, Arun Richard, Muth, Thilo, Staege, Martin S., Daulatabad, Swapna V., Widera, Darius, Zhang, Junpeng, Meule, Adrian, Honjo, Ken, Pourret, Olivier, Yin, Cong-Cong, Zhang, Zhongheng, Cascella, Marco, Flegel, Willy A., Goodyear, Carl S., Raaij, Mark J. van, Bukowy-Bieryllo, Zuzanna, Campana, Luca G., Kurniawan, Nicholas A., Lalaouna, David, Hüttner, Felix J., Ammerman, Brooke A., Ehret, Felix, Cobine, Paul A., Tan, Ene-Choo, Han, Hyemin, Xia, Wenfeng, McCrum, Christopher, Dings, Ruud P. M., Marinello, Francesco, Nilsson, Henrik, Nixon, Brett, Voskarides, Konstantinos, Yang, Long, Costa, Vincent D., Bengtsson-Palme, Johan, Bradshaw, William, Grimm, Dominik G., Kumar, Nitin, Martis, Elvis, Prieto, Daniel, Sabnis, Sandeep C., Amer, Said E. D. R., Liew, Alan W. C., Perco, Paul, Rahimi, Farid, Riva, Giuseppe, Zhang, Chongxing, Devkota, Hari P., Ogami, Koichi, Basharat, Zarrin, Fierz, Walter, Siebers, Robert, Tan, Kok-Hian, Boehme, Karen A., Brenneisen, Peter, Brown, James A. L., Dalrymple, Brian P., Harvey, David J., Ng, Grace, Werten, Sebastiaan, Bleackley, Mark, Dai, Zhanwu, Dhariwal, Raman, Gelfer, Yael, Hartmann, Marcus D., Miotla, Pawel, Tamaian, Radu, Govender, Pragashnie, Gurney-Champion, Oliver J., Kauppila, Joonas H., Zhang, Xiaolei, Echeverría, Natalia, Subhash, Santhilal, Sallmon, Hannes, Tofani, Marco, Bae, Taeok, Bosch, Oliver, Cuív, Páraic O., Danchin, Antoine, Diouf, Barthelemy, Eerola, Tuomas, Evangelou, Evangelos, Filipp, Fabian V., Klump, Hannes, Kurgan, Lukasz, Smith, Simon S., Terrier, Olivier, Tuttle, Neil, Ascher, David B., Janga, Sarath C., Schulte, Leon N., Becker, Daniel, Browngardt, Christopher, Bush, Stephen J., Gaullier, Guillaume, Ide, Kazuki, Meseko, Clement, Werner, Gijsbert D. A., Zaucha, Jan, Al-Farha, Abd A., Greenwald, Noah F., Popoola, Segun I., Rahman, Md Shaifur, Xu, Jialin, Yang, Sunny Y., Hiroi, Noboru, Alper, Ozgul M., Baker, Chris I., Bitzer, Michael, Chacko, George, Debrabant, Birgit, Dixon, Ray, Forano, Evelyne, Gilliham, Matthew, Kelly, Sarah, Klempnauer, Karl-Heinz, Lidbury, Brett A., Lin, Michael Z., Lynch, Iseult, Ma, Wujun, Maibach, Edward W., Mather, Diane E., Nandakumar, Kutty S., Ohgami, Robert S., Parchi, Piero, Tressoldi, Patrizio, Xue, Yu, Armitage, Charles, Barraud, Pierre, Chatzitheochari, Stella, Coelho, Luis P., Diao, Jiajie, Doxey, Andrew C., Hu, Pingzhao, Kaiser, Stefan, Mitchell, Kate M., Salama, Mohamed F., Shabalin, Ivan G., Song, Haijun, Stevanovic, Dejan, Yadollahpour, Ali, Zeng, Erliang, Zinke, Katharina, Alimba, C. 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Subjects: Technology and Engineering, SCIENTIFIC SEARCH, Expert-curated database, Biokemia, solu- ja molekyylibiologia - Biochemistry, cell and molecular biology, Databases, RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium, Medicine and Health Sciences, Biomedical research, benchmarking, Biology, GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries), Settore MED/42 - IGIENE GENERALE E APPLICATA, database, Computer. Automation, Science & Technology, 0804 Data Format, relisch, Scientific research in health sciences, Mathematics and Statistics, litearture search, relisch , database, biomedical research, Biomedical literature, Original Article, RELISH, Mathematical & Computational Biology, RECOMMENDER-SYSTEMS, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Mathematics, 0807 Library and Information Studies
Abstract: Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-11T01:57:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-10-29 Griffith University Gowonda HPC Cluster Queensland Cyber Infrastructure Foundation Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research. 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Univ Ioannina, Med Sch, Dept Hyg & Epidemiol, Ioannina, Greece Tech Univ Munich, Sch Life Sci Weihenstephan, Maximus von Imhof Forum 3, D-85354 Freising Weihenstephan, Germany Univ Hosp Essen, Inst Transfus Med, Essen, Germany Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Comp Sci, Richmond, VA USA Univ Queensland, Inst Social Sci Res, Brisbane, Qld, Australia Univ Lyon, Ctr Int Rech Infectiol, Lyon, France Griffith Univ, Sch Allied Hlth Sci, Gold Coast, Qld, Australia Univ Melbourne, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Parkville, Vic, Australia Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Biohlth Informat, Sch Informat & Comp, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA Philipps Univ Marburg, Inst Lung Res, Marburg, Germany Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN USA Univ Florida, Oral Biol, Gainesville, FL USA Univ Colorado, Dept Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA Kyoto Univ, Ctr Promot Interdisciplinary Educ & Res, Kyoto, Japan Friedrich Loeffler Inst, Inst Virus Diagnost, Greifswald, Germany Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Oxford, England Tech Univ 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Spain Council Agr Res & Econ, Res Ctr Olive Citrus & Tree Fruit, Caserta, Italy Fraunhofer Inst Toxicol & Expt Med ITEM, Preclin Pharmacol & Vitro Toxicol, Hannover, Germany Univ Tasmania, Sch Med, Hobart, Tas, Australia Chugai Pharmaceut Co Ltd, Oncol Lifecycle Management Dept, Tokyo, Japan Univ Lubeck, Inst Neurobiol, Lubeck, Germany NYU, Sch Med, Neurol, New York, NY USA Univ Putra Malaysia, Dept Plant Pathol, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia Univ N Carolina, Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA Univ Southampton, Fac Hlth Sci, Southampton, Hants, England Univ Highlands & Islands, Genet & Immunol Res Grp, Inverness, Scotland Heidelberg Univ, Inst Pathol, Heidelberg, Germany Indraprastha Inst Informat Technol, Dept Computat Biol, New Delhi, India Glasgow Caledonian Univ, Sch Hlth & Life Sci, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland Liverpool John Moores Univ, Pharm & Biomol Sci, Liverpool, Merseyside, England Parkinsons Inst & Clin Ctr, Basic Res, Sunnyvale, CA USA Luxembourg Inst Sci & Technol, Environm Res & Innovat, Luxembourg, Luxembourg Univ Wollongong, Sch Comp & Informat Technol, Wollongong, NSW, Australia Univ Bari Aldo Moro, Dept Biomed Sci & Human Oncol, Bari, Italy Flinders Univ S Australia, Coll Nursing & Hlth Sci, Adelaide, SA, Australia Univ S Florida, Mol Med, Tampa, FL USA Univ Texas Dallas, Behav & Brain Sci, Richardson, TX 75083 USA Rhodes Univ, Zool & Entomol, Grahamstown, South Africa Univ Nova Lisboa, Inst Higiene & Med Trop, Lisbon, Portugal Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Microbiol, Zurich, Switzerland Inst Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Serv, Immunohaematol, Ulm, Germany Tokyo Womens Med Univ, Inst Adv Biomed Engn & Sci, Tokyo, Japan Univ Limerick, Biol Sci, Limerick, Ireland McGill Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Montreal, PQ, Canada StatSol, Lubeck, Germany Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Math Stat & Comp Sci, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa Univ Kebangsaan Malaysia, Inst Syst Biol INBIOSIS, Bangi, Malaysia NIH, Natl Ctr Complementary & Integrat Hlth, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Family Med Res Div, Kansas City, KS 66103 USA ASTAR, Inst Mol & Cell Biol, Multimodal Mol Biol, Singapore, Singapore Univ Leuven, Dept Chron Dis Metab & Ageing, Leuven, Belgium Int Iberian Nanotechnol Lab INL, Braga, Portugal Anglia Ruskin, Comp & Technol, Cambridge, England Max Planck Inst Biochem, Struct Cell Biol, Planegg, Germany Univ Seville, Dept Comp Architecture & Technol, Seville, Spain Univ Colorado, EBIO, Boulder, CO 80309 USA Univ Manchester, Canc Sci, Manchester, Lancs, England Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Populat Hlth, Canberra, ACT, Australia Singapore MIT Alliance Res & Technol, Biosyst, Singapore, Singapore Australian Catholic Univ, Mary MacKillop Inst Hlth Res, Musculoskeletal Hlth & Ageing Res Program, Melbourne, Vic, Australia Ruhr Univ Bochum, Gen Surg, St Josef Hosp, Bochum, Germany Northwest A&F Univ, Coll Life Sci, Xianyang, Shaanxi, Peoples R China Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Biol, Div Plant Sci, Canberra, ACT, Australia Battelle Mem Inst, Clin & Nonclin Res, Columbus, OH USA Southern Methodist Univ, Biol Sci, Dallas, TX 75275 USA Teikyo Univ, Inst Med Mycol, Tokyo, Japan Tempus Labs, Bioinformat, Chicago, IL USA Hunan Univ, Coll Biol, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China Inst Cochin, Dept Infect Immun & Inflammat, Paris, France Royal Coll Surgeons Ireland, FutureNeuro Res Ctr Physiol & Med Phys, Dublin, Ireland Univ Jyvaskyla, Gerontol Res Ctr, Jyvaskyla, Finland Heidelberg Univ, Dept Anesthesiol, Heidelberg, Germany Penn State Univ, Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Microbiol, State Key Lab Microbial Resources, Beijing, Peoples R China Univ Sci & Technol China, Sch Life Sci, Hefei, Anhui, Peoples R China Michigan State Univ, Anim Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA SUNY Buffalo, Jacobs Sch Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Neurol, Buffalo Neuroimaging Anal Ctr, New York, NY USA Univ Rostock, Inst Biol Sci, Rostock, Germany South China Normal Univ, Sch Environm, Environm Res Inst, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China Univ Bari, Dept Vet Med, Bari, Italy Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Primary & Community Care, Nijmegen, Netherlands EcoHlth Alliance, New York, NY USA Mayo Clin, Cardiovasc Dept, Rochester, MN USA Med Univ Silesia, Sch Med Katowice, Dept Epidemiol, Katowice, Poland Univ Lleida, Anim Sci, Lleida, Spain Univ Florida, Coll Pharm, Pharmaceut Outcomes & Policy, Gainesville, FL USA Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Earth & Biol Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA Univ Edinburgh, Ctr Discovery Brain Sci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland Harvard Med Sch, Dept Biomed Informat, Boston, MA 02115 USA Univ Penn, Radiol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA Humanitas Univ & Res Hosp, Asthma & Allergy Unit, Biomed Sci Personalized Med, Rozzano, Italy Australian Natl Univ, Dept Quantum Sci, Canberra, ACT, Australia Carl von Ossietzky Univ Oldenburg, Ecol Genom, Oldenburg, Germany Int Med Univ, Paediat Dent & Orthodont, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Univ Ottawa, Sch Nursing, Ottawa, ON, Canada Maastricht Univ, Dept Educ Support, Maastricht, Netherlands Univ Manchester, Math, Manchester, Lancs, England Kings Coll London, Fac Life Sci & Med, Sch Populat Hlth Sci, London, England Queensland Univ Technol, Inst Hlth & Biomed Innovat, Brisbane, Qld, Australia Harbin Med Univ, Publ Hlth Sch, Epidemiol, Harbin, Heilongjiang, Peoples R China UiT Arctic Univ Norway, Dept Chem, Tromso, Norway Cornell Univ, Biol Stat & Computat Biol, Ithaca, NY USA East China Normal Univ, Sch Ecol & Environm Sci, Shanghai Key Lab Urban Ecol Proc & Ecorestorat, Shanghai, Peoples R China Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Fac Biol, Mainz, Germany Univ Massachusetts, Food Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA Max Planck Inst Terr Microbiol, Complex Adapt Traits Res Grp, Marburg, Germany NIHR Biomed Res Ctr Resp, Ctr Exercise & Rehabil Sci, Leicester, Leics, England Yale Univ, Dept Internal Med, Sect Endocrinol, New Haven, CT USA Sardar Patel Univ, Dept Biosci, Anand, Gujarat, India Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Phys, Tokyo, Japan Univ Cologne, Vivo Res Facil ivRF, Cologne Excellence Cluster Cellular Stress Respon, Cologne, Germany Natl Open Univ Nigeria, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Lagos, Nigeria Univ Hosp Regensburg, Dept Radiol, Regensburg, Germany Natl Univ Singapore, Geog, Singapore, Singapore Alfaisal Univ, Coll Med, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Abdelmalek Essaadi Univ, Fac Sci & Techn Tangier, Biomed Genom & Oncogenet Res Lab, Tetouan, Morocco Tech Univ Munich, Fac Sport & Hlth Sci, Exercise Biol Grp, Munich, Germany Univ Santiago de Compostela, Dept Psicoloxia Social Basica & Metodoloxia, Galiza, Spain Griffith Univ, Signal Proc Lab, Brisbane, Qld, Australia Univ Ghent, Dept Neurol, Ghent, Belgium Ghent Univ Hosp, Ghent, Belgium Univ Ghent, Fac Vet Med, Merelbeke, Belgium Albert Einstein Coll Med, Inst Clin & Translat Res, New York, NY USA Anglia Ruskin Univ, Fac Med Sci, Cambridge, England Peking Univ, Coll Chem & Mol Engn, Beijing, Peoples R China Herlev & Gentofte Hosp, Dept Dermatol & Allergy, Hellerup, Denmark Lady Cilento Childrens Hosp, Med Imaging & Nucl Med, Brisbane, Qld, Australia Univ Gambia, Sch Med & Allied Hlth Sci, Nursing & Reprod Hlth, Brikama, Gambia Univ Sydney, Woolcock Inst Med Res, Sydney, NSW, Australia Wayne State Univ, Comp Sci, Detroit, MI USA Aberdeen Royal Infirm, Otolaryngol, Aberdeen, Scotland Univ Toronto, Lab Med & Pathobiol, Toronto, ON, Canada Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Inst Ageing, Hong Kong, Peoples R China Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Emergency Med, Omaha, NE USA Univ Florida, Coll Med, Pathol, Gainesville, FL USA Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Radiat Oncol, Houston, TX 77030 USA Univ Pisa, Translat Res NTMS, Pisa, Italy Magna Grecia Univ, Clin & Expt Med, Catanzaro, Italy Univ Vermont, Larner Coll Med, Pediat, Burlington, VT USA Sun Yat Sen Univ, Canc Ctr, Diagnost & Intervent Ultrasound, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China Fudan Univ, Inst Brain Sci, Shanghai, Peoples R China Shanxi Agr Univ, Coll Agron, Jinzhong, Shanxi, Peoples R China Univ Toronto, Inst Med Sci, Toronto, ON, Canada Univ Adelaide, ARCPOH, Adelaide, SA, Australia Pelita Harapan Univ, Fac Med, Cardiol & Vasc Med, Tangerang, Indonesia Inst Mental Hlth, Res Div, Singapore, Singapore UCL, MRC Clin Trials Unit, London, England Univ Padua, Dept Philosophy Sociol Educ & Appl Psychol FISPPA, Padua, Italy Univ Lubeck, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, Lubeck, Germany Dalian Univ Technol, Ctr Mol Med, Dalian, Liaoning, Peoples R China Tianjin United Family Healthcare, Reprod Med, Tianjin, Peoples R China Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Engn Quim Biol & Ambiental, Barcelona, Spain Sao Paulo State Univ UNESP, Dept Anim Sci, Sao Paulo, Brazil Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Inst Computat Biol, Canc Syst Biol, Ingolstadter Land Str 1, D-85764 Munich, Germany Univ Tokyo, Dept Cardiovasc Med, Tokyo, Japan Sao Paulo State Univ, Vet Clin, Sao Paulo, Brazil Zhejiang Univ, Inst Biotechnol, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China Aarhus Univ, Dept Mol Biol & Genet, Aarhus, Denmark Univ Manchester, St Marys Hosp, Maternal & Fetal Hlth, Manchester, Lancs, England Univ New Mexico, Internal Med, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA Mayo Clin, Div Biomed Stat & Informat, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA King Saud Univ, Plant Prod, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Polish Acad Sci, Inst Genet & Anim Breeding, Dept Mol Biol, Warsaw, Poland Queensland Univ Technol, Optometry & Vis Sci, Brisbane, Qld, Australia Univ Nottingham, Sch Life Sci, Nottingham, England Canc Council Queensland, Canc Res Ctr, Brisbane, Qld, Australia Umea Univ, Dept Chem, Umea, Sweden Publ Hlth England, Ctr Radiat Chem & Environm Hazards, Bristol, Avon, England Univ Campania L Vanvitelli, DISTABIF, Caserta, Italy Bartshealth, Obstet & Gyanecol, London, England Univ Clermont Auvergne, GReD Lab, Clermont Ferrand, France INRA Abeilles & Environm, Avignon, France Queensland Univ Technol, Sch Publ Hlth & Social Work, Brisbane, Qld, Australia Univ Penn, Psychiat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA Novosibirsk State Univ, Res Inst Physiol & Basic Med, Novosibirsk, Russia UCL, Dept Chem, London, England La Trobe Univ, Anim Plant & Soil Sci, Melbourne, Vic, Australia Univ Arizona, Epidemiol & Biostat, Tucson, AZ USA Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, ERIBA, Groningen, Netherlands Univ Gothenburg, Inst Clin Sci, Dept Radiat Phys, Gothenburg, Sweden SUNY Upstate Med Univ, Biochem & Mol Biol, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Ctr Pesquisas Goncalo Moniz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil Inst Environm Sci & Res ESR, Food Water & Environm Microbiol, Christchurch, New Zealand Univ Otago, Food Sci, Dunedin, New Zealand Florida Atlantic Univ, Biomed Sci, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA Univ Queensland, Inst Mol Biosci, Brisbane, Qld, Australia Univ Hosp Wurzburg, Inst Clin Neurobiol, Wurzburg, Germany Inst Trop Med, Publ Hlth, Antwerp, Belgium Univ Thessaly, Sch Hlth Sci, Fac Med, Dept Rheumatol & Clin Immunol, Larisa, Greece Univ Basel, UZB Univ Ctr Dent Med, Dept Orthodont & Pediat Dent, Basel, Switzerland Sorbonne Univ, Museum Natl Hist Nat, Inst Systemat Evolut Biodiversite ISYEB, MNHN,CNRS,UMR 7205,EPHE, Paris, France CNRS, Inst Adv Biosci, Paris, France Univ Western Australia, Sch Mol Sci, Perth, WA, Australia Univ Ft Hare, Biochem & Microbiol, Alice, South Africa Univ Tubingen, Phys, Tubingen, Germany Griffith Univ, Sch Environm & Sci, Brisbane, Qld, Australia Philosoph Theol Hsch Vallendar, Stat & Standardised Methods, Vallendar, Germany Imperial Coll London, Life Sci, London, England Univ Adelaide, Adelaide Med Sch, Adelaide, SA, Australia Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol & Expt Neurosci, Omaha, NE USA Technol Univ Dublin, FOCAS Res Inst, Dublin, Ireland INSERM, Natl Inst Hlth & Med Res, Canc Res Ctr Toulouse, Paris, France Univ Santiago de Compostela, Dept Bioloxia Func, Grp BRAINSHARK, Galiza, Spain Univ Nebraska, Biol, Kearney, NE USA Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Genet & Microbiol, Barcelona, Spain Univ Pisa, Chem & Ind Chem, Pisa, Italy Univ Manchester, Wellcome Trust Ctr Cell Matrix Res, Manchester, Lancs, England Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Inst Human Genet, Montpellier, France Czech Acad Sci, Inst Organ Chem & Biochem, Prague, Czech Republic CSIC, Natl Ctr Biotechnol CNB, Computat Syst Biol Grp, Madrid, Spain Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Tainan, Taiwan Harvard Med Sch, Schepens Eye Res Inst, Ophthalmol, Boston, MA 02115 USA Lanzhou Univ, Hosp 2, Dept Gen Surg, Lanzhou, Gansu, Peoples R China Univ Technol Sydney, Sch Life Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia JT Chen Clin, Gynecol, Tokyo, Japan Univ Western Australia, Sch Agr & Environm, Perth, WA, Australia Beijing Normal Univ, Fac Geog Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China Univ Missouri, Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Columbia, MO USA Vrije Univ Amsterdam Med Ctr, Amsterdam Publ Hlth Res Inst, Dept Publ & Occupat Hlth, Amsterdam, Netherlands Semmelweis Univ, Med Biochem, Budapest, Hungary Queen Elizabeth Hosp, Dept Clin Oncol, Hong Kong, Peoples R China Univ Pittsburgh, Chem, Pittsburgh, PA USA GB Pant Inst Post Grad Med Educ & Res, Neurol, New Delhi, India Univ Copenhagen, Vet & Anim Sci, Copenhagen, Denmark Univ Palermo, Biomed Dept Internal & Specialist Med DIBIMIS, Sect Endocrinol, Palermo, Italy UCL, NPP, London, England Univ Florida, Microbiol & Cell Sci, Gainesville, FL USA Univ Salford, Sch Hlth Sci, Manchester, Lancs, England Cardiff Univ, Inst Med Genet, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales INSERM, ICO Canc Ctr, Angers, France Univ Colombo, Fac Med, Microbiol, Colombo, Sri Lanka Beijing Univ Chinese Med, Sch Chinese Mat Med, Beijing, Peoples R China Univ Porto, Fac Pharm, Porto, Portugal Univ Nottingham, Div Primary Care, Nottingham, England Univ Illinois, Pharm Syst Outcomes & Policy, Chicago, IL USA Pontificia Univ Catolica Goias, Escola Ciencias Agr & Biol, Goiania, Go, Brazil China Japan Friendship Hosp, Dept Oncol, Beijing, Peoples R China Boston Univ, Chem, Boston, MA 02215 USA Amer Univ, Environm Sci, Washington, DC 20016 USA Carleton Univ, Neurosci, Ottawa, ON, Canada Univ Regina, Chem & Biochem, Regina, SK, Canada Univ Montreal, 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Univ Georgia, Epidemiol, Athens, GA 30602 USA Univ Freiburg, Med Ctr, Dept Plast & Hand Surg, Freiburg, Germany Sidra Med, Res, Doha, Qatar Rostock Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Oral Maxillofacial & Plast Surg, Rostock, Germany Harvard Med Sch, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Emergency Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA AgResearch, Forage Sci, Palmerston North, New Zealand Univ Calif Los Angeles, Med, Los Angeles, CA USA Arizona State Univ, Biodesign Inst, Virginia G Piper Ctr Personalized Diagnost, Tempe, AZ USA Sheffield Hallam Univ, Res Inst, Mat & Engn, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England Aneurin Bevan Univ Healthboard, Resp Med, Newport, Shrops, England Univ Calif San Francisco, Neurol Surg, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA Univ Western Australia, UWA Dent Sch, Perth, WA, Australia Fordham Univ, Biol Sci, Bronx, NY 10458 USA Univ Helsinki, Inst Biotechnol, Helsinki, Finland Fujian Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Fuzhou, Fujian, Peoples R China Univ Fukui, Dept Frontier Fiber Technol & Sci, Fukui, Japan Univ Southampton, Fac Med, Clin & Expt Sci, Southampton, Hants, England Univ Urbino, Dept Biomol Sci, Urbino, Italy Osped San Luigi, Allergol Unit, Turin, Italy Muljibhai Patel Urol Hosp, Dept Urol, Nadiad, Gujarat, India Univ Granada, Stratig & Paleontol, Granada, Spain Massey Univ, Sch Vet Sci, Auckland, New Zealand CNR, High Performance Comp & Networking Inst, Naples, Italy Univ Childrens Hosp Zurich, Div Metab, Zurich, Switzerland Univ Childrens Hosp Zurich, Childrens Res Ctr, Zurich, Switzerland Univ Melbourne, Biochem & Mol Biol, Parkville, Vic, Australia Inst Pasteur, Leptospirosis Res & Expertise Unit, Noumea, New Caledonia Tsinghua Univ, Sch Life Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China Cheikh Anta Diop Univ UCAD, Sci Fac, Biol Anim Dept, Dakar, Senegal Providence Portland Med Ctr, Earle A Chiles Res Inst, Portland, OR USA Agr & Agri Food Canada, Lacombe Res & Dev Ctr, Lacombe, AB, Canada Alberta Innovates, Performance Management & Evaluat, Edmonton, AB, Canada Univ Malaga, CSIC, Inst Hortofruticultura Subtrop Mediterranea La Ma, IHSM,UMA, Malaga, Spain James Cook Univ, Coll Publ Hlth Med & Vet Sci, Cairns, Qld, Australia European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, Ispra, Italy Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France CSIRO, Floreat, WA, Australia Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sun Yat Sen Mem Hosp, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China Vanderbilt Univ, Pharmacol, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA RIKEN, KFU RIKEN Translat Genom Unit, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan Univ Tubingen, Neurobiol Vocal Commun, Tubingen, Germany Univ Colorado, UCCS Ctr Biofrontiers Inst, Colorado Springs, CO 80907 USA Fred Hutchinson Canc Ctr, Div Basic Sci, Seattle, WA USA Univ Geneva, Fac Med, Primary Care Unit, Geneva, Switzerland Ernst Moritz Arndt Univ Greifswald, Dept Mol Genet & Infect Biol, Greifswald, Germany East China Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Fine Chem, Shanghai, Peoples R China Ohio State Univ, Surg, Columbus, OH 43210 USA Oragenics, R&D, Tampa, FL USA Natl Environm Agcy, Environm Hlth Inst, Singapore, Singapore Friedrich Loeffler Inst, Inst Diagnost Virol, Greifswald, Germany Queen Elizabeth Hosp, Oncol, Woodville, SA, Australia USDA, Emerging Pests & Pathogens Res Unit, Ithaca, NY USA Univ Freiburg, Med Ctr, Dept Neurosurg, Epilepsy Ctr, Freiburg, Germany Univ Hong Kong, Fac Educ, Informat & Technol Studies, Hong Kong, Peoples R China Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Agr & life Sci, Agr & Environm Biol, Tokyo, Japan Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Med, Pittsburgh Heart Lung & Blood Vasc Med Inst, Pittsburgh, PA USA Guys & St Thomas NHS Fdn Trust, Directorate Transplant Renal & Urol, London, England Univ Sarajevo, Clin Ctr, Clin Heart Blood Vessel & Rheumat Dis, Sarajevo, Bosnia & Herceg Univ Kent, Sch Math Stat & Actuarial Sci, Canterbury, Kent, England Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Life Sci & Technol, Tokyo, Japan Univ Appl Sci Munich, Laser Ctr Dept Appl Sci & Mechatron, Munich, Germany CIC NanoGUNE, Nanodevices, San Sebastian, Spain Vrije Univ Amsterdam Med Ctr, Gynaecol, Amsterdam, Netherlands Cardiff Univ, Med Sch, Div Populat Med, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales Karolinska Inst, Dept Med, Solna, Sweden Natl Inst Genet, Ctr Informat Biol, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan Murdoch Univ, Harry Perkins Inst Med Res, Perth, WA, Australia Univ Limerick, Phys Educ & Sport Sci, Limerick, Ireland Ruhr Univ Bochum, Campus Clin Gynecol, Univ Str, Bochum, Germany Southwest Med Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Epidemiol & Biostat, Luzhou, Sichuan, Peoples R China Beijing Canc Hosp, Minist Educ Beijing, Key Lab Carcinogenesis & Translat Res, Ctr Mol Diagnost, Beijing, Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci, Chengdu Inst Biol, Herpetol Dept, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China Key Lab Nano Biol Effects & Safety, Beijing, Peoples R China NIBR, PK Sci, Basel, Switzerland Daejeon St Marys Hosp, Pain Ctr, Daejeon, South Korea Univ Western Ontario, Sch Hlth Studies, London, ON, Canada Univ Aberdeen, Hlth Psychol Grp, Aberdeen, Scotland Univ Colorado, Anesthesiol, Anschutz Med Campus, Boulder, CO 80309 USA Univ Antwerp, UZA Antwerp Univ Hosp, Crit Care Med, Edegem, Belgium Aarhus Univ Hosp, Endocrinol, Aarhus, Denmark Univ Pretoria, Ctr Transport Dev, Ind & Syst Engn, Pretoria, South Africa Duke Univ, Dept Biostat & Bioinformat, Durham, NC USA Pontificia Univ Catolica Goias, Med Pharmaceut & Biomed Sci Sch, Goiania, Go, Brazil Karolinska Inst, Danderyd Hosp, Dept Clin Sci, Div Cardiovasc Med, Stockholm, Sweden UCL, Clin Educ & Hlth Psychol, London, England KRIBB, Dev & Differentiat Res Ctr, Daejeon, South Korea Univ dArtois, Lab Barriere Hematoencephal, Arras, France AstraZeneca, IMED Biotech Unit, Discovery Sci, Quantitat Biol, Cambridge, England Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA Coventry Univ, Appl Maths Res Ctr, Stat Phys Grp, Coventry, W Midlands, England Wilton Ctr, Invista Performance Technol, Cleveland, England Thunen Inst Forest Genet, Genome Res, Grosshansdorf, Germany Lebanese Amer Univ, Nat Sci, Byblos, Lebanon Takeda, Evidence & Value Generat, Osaka, Japan King Abdullah Int Med 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Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Dent, Sect Periodont, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA Aalborg Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Biochem, Aalborg, Denmark Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Pharm Practice, Manipal, Karnataka, India Univ Tokyo, Inst Med Sci, Dept Radiol, Tokyo, Japan Cukurova Univ, Family Med, Fac Med, Adana, Turkey Catholic Univ Korea, Coll Med, Dept Humanities & Social Med, Seoul, South Korea Univ Ghent, Food Technol Safety & Hlth, Ghent, Belgium UNSW Sydney, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci BEES, Sydney, NSW, Australia St Vincent Shoulder & Sports Clin, Res Unit, Vienna, Austria Cornell Univ, Biomed Engn, Ithaca, NY USA Leibniz Inst Plant Genet & Crop Plant Res IPK, Res Grp Bioinformat & Informat Technol, Gatersleben, Germany Univ Europea Madrid, Sch Doctoral Studies, Madrid, Spain CSIRO Mfg, Biomed Mfg, Melbourne, Vic, Australia Depaul Univ, Biol Sci, Chicago, IL 60604 USA Konkuk Univ, Dept Anim Sci & Technol, Seoul, South Korea Chang Gung Univ, Grad Inst Med Mechatron, Taoyuan, Taiwan Korea Univ, 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Germany Cardiff Univ, Sch Psychol, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales Imperial Coll London, Chem Engn, London, England Lund Univ, Skane Univ Hosp, Clin Sci, Malmo, Sweden Sahlgrens Acad, Inst Clin Sci, Dept Mol & Clin Med, Gothenburg, Sweden Univ Cent Lancashire, Sch Pharm & Biomed Sci, Preston, Lancs, England Hosp Univ Doctor Peset, Psychiat & Clin Psychol, Valencia, Spain Ctr Biol Mol Severo Ochoa, Genome Dynam & Funct, Madrid, Spain Unvivers Hosp Lille, Dept Intens Care, Lille, France Kansai Med Univ, Surg, Osaka, Japan Univ Toulouse, Inst Natl Polytech Toulouse, Ecole Natl Super Agron Toulouse, Lab Genom & Biotechnol Fruit, Toulouse, France UiT Arctic Univ Norway, Inst Psychol, Tromsto, Norway Queens Univ, Ctr Publ Hlth, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland Univ Manchester, Ctr Primary Care & Hlth Serv Res, Manchester, Lancs, England Griffith Univ, Menzies Hlth Inst, Gold Coast, Qld, Australia Anglia Ruskin Univ, FHSCE, Cambridge, England Univ Lleida, Dept Expt Med, Lleida, Spain NIEHS, Biomol Screening Branch, Div Natl Toxicol Program, POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA Albany Med Coll, Immunol & Microbial Dis, Albany, NY 12208 USA Univ Queensland, Queensland Brain Inst, Brisbane, Qld, Australia Univ Kent, Sch Biosci, Canterbury, Kent, England Univ Bourgogne Franche Comte, INSERM, LNC, UMR 1231, Besancon, France Ritsumeikan Univ, Coll Life Sci, Dept Biotechnol, Shiga, Japan Kent State Univ, Biol Sci, Kent, OH 44242 USA Natl Inst Infect Dis, Dept Safety Res Blood & Biol Prod, Tokyo, Japan European Inst Marine Studies, Lab Microbiol Extreme Environm, Plouzane, France Univ Iowa, Dept Pharmacol, Roy J & Lucille A Carver Coll Med, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA Natl Univ Singapore, Biol Sci, Singapore, Singapore Conservatoire Natl Arts & Metiers, Lab GBA, EA4627, Paris, France Univ Michigan, Dept Human Genet, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA Lomonosov Moscow State Univ, Belozersky Inst Physicochem Biol, Moscow, Russia Jikei Univ, Sch Med, Dept Mol Biol, Tokyo, Japan Univ South Wales, Genom & Computat Biol, Treforest, Wales Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Obstet & Gynecol, Durham, NC USA Univ Technol Sydney, Climate Change Cluster, Sydney, NSW, Australia Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan Western Sydney Univ, Sch Sci & Hlth, Sydney, NSW, Australia TEI Epirus, Dept Speech & Language Therapy, Ioannina, Greece Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Orthopaed Surg, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA Oniris, Vet Pathol, Nantes, France Royal Vet Coll, Pathobiol & Populat Sci, Hatfield, Herts, England Univ Ghent, Lab Pharmaceut Biotechnol, Ghent, Belgium Norwegian Inst Nat Res, Terr Ecol, Trondheim, Norway Univ Calif Merced, Mol & Cell Biol, Merced, CA USA Univ Dublin, Trinity Coll Dublin, Sch Engn, Ctr Transport Res, Dublin, Ireland Lund Univ, Inst Clin Sci, Nephrol, Malmo, Sweden Univ Birmingham, Mech Engn, Birmingham, W Midlands, England Lund Univ, Inst Clin Sci, OB GYN, Lund, Sweden Fdn Jimenez Diaz Hosp, Nephrol & Hypertens, Madrid, Spain Queensland Univ Technol, Sch Chem Phys & Mech Engn, Brisbane, Qld, Australia Otto von Guericke Univ, Psychol, Magdeburg, Germany Univ Med Ctr Gottingen, Dept Expt Neurodegenerat, Gottingen, Germany Harvard Med Sch, Spaulding Rehabil Hosp, Phys Med & Rehabil, Boston, MA 02115 USA Quadram Inst Biosci, Sci Operat, Norwich, Norfolk, England Ostbayer Tech Hsch Regensburg OTH Regensburg, Regensburg Med Image Comp ReMIC, Regensburg, Germany Deakin Univ, Fac Arts & Educ, Melbourne, Vic, Australia Univ Warwick, Warwick Med Sch, Coventry, W Midlands, England INSERM, Natl Inst Hlth & Med Res, Biochem & Mol Biol, Paris, France Univ Liege, Tax Inst, Liege, Belgium Univ Leeds, Sch Mol & Cellular Biol, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England IRCCS Ist Giannina Gaslini, UOC Genet Med, Genoa, Italy Res Diets Inc, Sci, New Brunswick, NJ USA Univ Perugia, Dept Phys & Geol, Perugia, Italy Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Cellular Immunol, Bethesda, MD USA Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Biol Sci Ctr, Microbiol Immunol & Parasitol Dept, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil Univ Edinburgh, Royal Infirm, Ctr Liver & Digest Disorders, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland Orion Pharma, Crit Care Proprietary Prod Div, Espoo, Finland MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA Univ Turin, Dept Vet Sci, Turin, Italy Univ G dAnnunzio, Dept Psychol Hlth & Territorial Sci, Chieti, Italy NYU, Sch Med, OB GYN, New York, NY USA Univ Glasgow, Inst Cardiovasc & Med Sci, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland Univ Turku, Dept Biol, Turku, Finland Tech Univ Berlin, Bioanalyt, Berlin, Germany Univ Goettingen, Inst Phys Biophys 3, Gottingen, Germany Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Inst Appl Canc Sci, Translat Res Adv Therapeut & Innovat Oncol TRACTI, Houston, TX 77030 USA Univ Liege, Life Sci, Liege, Belgium Tarbiat Modares Univ, Fac Med Sci, Dept Toxicol, Tehran, Iran ARS, USDA, Stoneville, MS USA Univ Regensburg, RCI Regensburg Ctr Intervent Immunol, Regensburg, Germany Univ Nottingham, Sch Psychol, Nottingham, England NIH, Pathol Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA Univ Carlos III Madrid, Elect Engn, Madrid, Spain Inst Med Mol, Chem Biol, Lisbon, Portugal Univ Costa Rica, CIET, San Jose, Costa Rica Univ Stavanger, Fac Hlth Sci, Stavanger, Norway Erasmus MC, Urol, Rotterdam, Netherlands Univ Edinburgh, Sch Biol Sci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland German Res Ctr Environm Hlth GmbH, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Inst Bioinformat & Syst Biol IBIS, Ingolstadter Landstr 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany Leiden Univ, Huygens Kamerlingh Onnes Lab, Leiden, Netherlands Univ Vienna, Nutr Sci, Vienna, Austria Kolling Inst Med Res, Med, St Leonards, NSW, Australia Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Biol Chem, Baltimore, MD USA Univ Montreal, Med Nutr & Microbiome Lab, Montreal, PQ, Canada GlaxoSmithKline, Cell & Gene Therapy, Stevenage, Herts, England Univ Trieste, Life Sci, Trieste, Italy Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Dept Radiol, Aachen, Germany Univ Duisburg Essen, Univ Hosp Essen, West German Canc Ctr, Dept Med Oncol, Essen, Germany Med Univ Vienna, Obstet & 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Pittsburgh, PA USA Univ Lausanne, Ctr Integrat Genom, Lausanne, Switzerland Univ Queensland, Sch Pharm, Brisbane, Qld, Australia Leibniz Inst Plant Genet & Crop Plant Res IPK Gat, Genebank, Gatersleben, Germany Piramal Imaging, Res & Dev, Berlin, Germany Univ Leeds, Civil Engn, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England Univ Missouri, Chem & Biochem, St Louis, MO 63121 USA US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA Ajinomoto Genet Res Inst, Moscow, Russia Jagiellonian Univ, Fac Biochem Biophys & Biotechnol, Dept Plant Biotechnol, Krakow, Poland Univ Puerto Rico, Engn Sci & Mat, Mayaguez, PR USA Univ Regina, Dept Chem & Biochem, Regina, SK, Canada Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA Univ Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast Mind & Neurosci Thompson Inst, Sippy Downs, Qld, Australia Chinese Peoples Liberat Army Gen Hosp, Dept Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Beijing, Peoples R China Griffith Univ, Griffith Ctr Social & Cultural Res, Gold Coast, Qld, Australia Tohoku Univ, Inst Dev Aging Canc, Dept Mol Oncol, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan Indiana Univ, Comp Sci, Bloomington, IN USA Fukushima Med Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pulm Med, Fukushima, Japan MEDIVIR AB, Biol, Huddinge, Sweden Western Sydney Univ, Neuroimmunol, Sydney, NSW, Australia Univ Jordan, Nutr & Food Technol, Amman, Jordan Thunen Inst Forest Genet, Fed Res Ctr Rura Areas Forestry & Fisheries, Inst Biodivers, Grosshansdorf, Germany Univ Edinburgh, Inst Cell Biol, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland Univ Edinburgh, Ctr Integrat Physiol, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland Univ Toronto, Struct Genom Consortium, Toronto, ON, Canada Canadian Mem Chiropract Coll, Grad Educ & Res, Toronto, ON, Canada Agilent Technol, R&D, Leuven, Belgium Univ British Columbia, Sch Nursing, Vancouver, BC, Canada Monash Univ, Monash Hlth, Sch Clin Sci, Stroke & Ageing Res,Dept Med, Melbourne, Vic, Australia French Natl Canc Inst, Innovat, Transfer, Biol, Boulogne, France Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen, Phys Chem, NanoBioSci, Munich, Germany Bandung Inst Technol, Sch Pharm, Med Chem, Bandung, Indonesia Univ Luxembourg, Life Sci Res Unit, Luxembourg, Luxembourg Lund Univ, Skane Univ Hosp, Dept Gastroenterol, Malmo, Sweden Millennium Hlth, Translat Genet, San Diego, CA USA Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Med Dept 2, Clin Res & Evidence Based Med Unit, Thessaloniki, Greece Jan Kochanowski Univ Humanities & Sci, Piotrkow Trybunalski Branch, Dept Psychol, Kielce, Poland McMaster Univ, Engn Phys, Hamilton, ON, Canada Marche Polytech Univ, Dept Agr Food & Environm Sci, Ancona, Italy Kuwait Univ, Fac Med, Microbiol, Kuwait, Kuwait Fujita Hlth Univ, Dept Breast Surg, Toyoake, Aich, Japan North West Reg Spinal Injuries Ctr, Spinal Injuries Ctr, Southport, Merseyside, England Luxembourg Inst Hlth, Competence Ctr Methodol & Stat, Luxembourg, Luxembourg Nestle Inst Hlth Sci SA, Metab Hlth, Ecublens, Vaud, Switzerland Ctr Inflammat Res VIB, Ghent, Belgium Univ Ghent, Dept Biomed Mol Biol, Ghent, Belgium Univ Lisbon, Inst Educ, Curriculo Formacao Prof & Tecnol, Lisbon, Portugal Univ Edinburgh, Ctr Inflammat Res, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland Univ Melbourne, Sch BioSci, Parkville, Vic, Australia Northumbria Univ, Comp & Informat Sci, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England Univ Valencia, Endocrinol, Valencia, Spain INRS, Inst Armand Frappier, Laval, PQ, Canada Univ Laval, INAF, Sch Nutr, Quebec City, PQ, Canada Univ Konstanz, Dept Biol, Constance, Germany Univ Cote dAzur, LAMHESS, Nice, France Scion, Syst Ecol, Christchurch, New Zealand CUNY, Grad Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Policy, Epidemiol & Biostat, New York, NY 10021 USA Univ Queensland, Sch Dent, Brisbane, Qld, Australia George Inst Global Hlth, Renal & Metab Div, Sydney, NSW, Australia Wuhan Univ, Coll Chem & Mol Sci, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China Griffith Univ, Sch Environm & Sci, Gold Coast, Qld, Australia Univ Minnesota, Radiat Oncol, Minneapolis, MN USA Goethe Univ, Fac Med, Frankfurt, Germany Natl Yunlin Univ Sci & Technol, Dept & Grad Sch Safety & Environm Engn, Touliu, Yunlin, Taiwan Massey Univ, Sch Sport Exercise & Nutr, Auckland, New Zealand Univ Florida, Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL USA Bournemouth Univ, Dept Psychol, Poole, Dorset, England Robert Koch Inst, Project Grp P2, Berlin, Germany Univ Edinburgh, MRC Inst Genet & Mol Med, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland Univ Basel, Biozentrum, Basel, Switzerland Univ Wollongong, Sch Med, Wollongong, NSW, Australia Univ Cologne, Inst Human Genet, Cologne, Germany Rural Econ Branch, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC USA Uivers Bordeaux, CNRS, Inst Neurosci Cognit & Integrat Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA Univ Calif Riverside, Mat Sci & Engn Program, Riverside, CA 92521 USA Mackay Med Coll, Dept Med, New Taipei, Taiwan Univ Bern, Div Anim Welf, Bern, Switzerland Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Portland, OR 97201 USA Shanghai Univ Tradit Chinese Med, Inst Interdisciplinary Med Sci, Shanghai, Peoples R China McMaster Univ, Biol, Hamilton, ON, Canada Univ S Florida, Dept Cell Biol Microbiol & Mol Biol, Tampa, FL USA Hacettepe Univ, Inst Canc, Med Oncol, Ankara, Turkey City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Elect Engn, Hong Kong, Peoples R China Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Entomol, Taipei, Taiwan Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Environm & Sustainable Dev Agr, Ecol Secur, Beijing, Peoples R China Florida State Univ, Inst Mol Biophys, Chem & Biochem, Tallahassee, FL USA Peking Univ, Shenzhen Grad Sch, State Key Lab Chem Oncogen, Lab Computat Chem & Drug Design, Shenzhen, Peoples R China Univ Helsinki, Fac Pharm, Div Pharmaceut Chem & Technol, Drug Res Program, Helsinki, Finland Tohoku Univ, Microbial Biotechnol, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan Tianjin Med Univ, Sch Basical Med Sci, Dept Pharmacol, Tianjin, Peoples R China Dana Farber Canc Inst, Biostat & Computat Biol, Boston, MA 02115 USA Natl Hlth Res Inst, Inst Mol & Genom Med, Zhunan, Taiwan Univ Oxford, Physiol Anat & Genet, Oxford, England George Washington Univ, Phys, Washington, DC USA Univ Nebraska, Sch Biol Sci, Lincoln, NE USA Toronto Gen Hosp, Res Inst, Dept Lab Med & Pathobiol, Toronto, ON, Canada Univ Texas Dallas, Biol Sci, Richardson, TX 75083 USA NYU, Dept Chem, New York, NY USA Shandong Univ, Sch Math & Stat, Jinan, Shandong, Peoples R China Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei, Anhui, Peoples R China Purdue Univ, Med Chem & Mol Pharmacol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA NIBSC, Adv Therapies, Ridge, Herts, England Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Ruijin Hosp, Dept Pulm & Crit Care Med, Shanghai, Peoples R China Charite Med Univ Berlin, Dermatol & Allergy, Berlin, Germany Univ Hosp St Etienne, Hematol, St Etienne, France Inland Norway Univ Appl Sci, Inst Biotechnol, Elverum, Norway Univ Jordan, Pediat, Amman, Jordan Inst Pasteur, Mol Mycol Unit, Paris, France Cardiff Univ, Sch Med, Inst Psychol Med & Clin Neurosci, Med Res Council Ctr Neuropsychiat Genet & Genom, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales Zurich Univ Appl Sci, Social Work, Zurich, Switzerland Jawaharlal Nehru Univ, Sch Life Sci, New Delhi, India Univ Burgundy Franche Comte, LE2I, Dijon, France Univ Roehampton, Life Sci, London, England Ghent Univ Hosp, Gen & HPB Surg, Ghent, Belgium Univ Wurzburg, Insect Fungus Symbiosis Lab, Wurzburg, Germany Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Behav Sci Inst, Nijmegen, Netherlands Fraunhofer WKI, Applicat Ctr HOFZET, Hannover, Germany UCL, Struct & Mol Biol, London, England Univ Amsterdam, Dev Psychol, Amsterdam, Netherlands Aalborg Univ, Hlth Sci & Technol, CNAP, SMI, Aalborg, Denmark VA Pittsburgh Healthcare Syst, Ctr Hlth Equity Res & Promot, Pittsburgh, PA USA Cedars Sinai Med Ctr, Neurosurg, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Data & Comp Sci, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China Dezhou Univ, Shandong Prov Key Lab Biophys, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China Maison Teledetection, Inst Rech Dev, UMR Espace DEv, Montpellier, France Xiamen Univ, Sch Life Sci, Xiamen, Fujian, Peoples R China Nanjing Univ, Sch Med, Jinling Hosp, Natl Clin Res Ctr Kidney Dis,Dept Med Imaging, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China Univ Kent, Sch Social Policy Sociol & Social Res, Canterbury, Kent, England Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Infect Dis & Trop Med, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil Univ Minho, Sch Med, Life & Hlth Sci Res Inst ICVS, Braga, Portugal Univ Montreal, Biochim & Med Mol, Montreal, PQ, Canada Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA Max Planck Inst Biol Ageing, Metab & Genet Regulat Ageing, Cologne, Germany Univ Swaziland, Hlth Sci, Kwaluseni, Eswatini Queensland Univ Technol, Inst Future Environm, Brisbane, Qld, Australia Ctr Sci Monaco, Dept Biol Med, Monaco, Monaco HELIOS Hosp, Urol, Bad Saarow Pieskow, Germany Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Inst Microbiol, Braunschweig, Germany Univ Barcelona, Barcelona Ctr Maternal Fetal & Neonatal Med, Fetal i D Fetal Med Res Ctr, IDIBAPS BCNatal,Hosp Clin, Barcelona, Spain Univ Barcelona, Hosp St Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain Friedrich Loeffler Inst, Inst Bacterial Infect & Zoonoses, Jena, Germany Charite Med Univ Berlin, Neurol, Berlin, Germany Dublin City Univ, Natl Inst Cellular Biotechnol, Mol Therapeut Canc Ireland, Dublin, Ireland Schoen Clin Roseneck, Prien Am Chiemsee, Germany Univ Med Ctr Hamburg Eppendorf, Inst Sex Res & Forens Psychiat, Hamburg, Germany Nankai Univ, Sch Math Sci, Tianjin, Peoples R China Nankai Univ, LPMC, Tianjin, Peoples R China Univ Oxford, Oncol, Oxford, England Royal Holloway Univ London, Class, Egham, Surrey, England Cornell Univ, Clin Sci, Ithaca, NY USA Univ KwaZulu Natal, Pharmaceut Chem, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa Royal Coll Surgeons Ireland, Med, Dublin, Ireland Univ Oslo, Dept Immunol, Oslo, Norway Bermuda Inst Ocean Sci, Marine Nitrogen Cycling Lab, St Georges, Bermuda Kanazawa Univ, Inst Liberal Arts & Sci, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan World Hlth Org Reg Off Africa, Brazzaville, Rep Congo Univ Hosp BesanCon, Infect Control Dept, Besancon, France Galapagos NV, Clin Dev, Mechelen, Belgium Univ Tasmania, Integrated Marine Observing Syst, Hobart, Tas, Australia Georg August Univ Gottingen, Albrecht von Haller Inst Plant Sci, Dept Systemat Biodivers & Evolut Plants, Gottingen, Germany Univ Occupat & Environm Hlth, Dept Psychiat, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan IMDEA Food, Program Precis Nutr & Aging, Madrid, Spain Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Sch, IQHealthcare, Nijmegen, Netherlands Maastricht Univ, Dept Cardiovasc Surg, Maastricht, Netherlands German Diabet Ctr, Inst Clin Biochem & Pathobiochem, Dusseldorf, Germany Juntendo Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Tokyo, Japan Deakin Univ, Sch Informat Technol, Melbourne, Vic, Australia Max Planck Inst Eusenforschung, Dept Interface Chem & Surface Sci, Dusseldorf, Germany Edge Hill Univ, Dept Psychol, Ormskirk, England Aga Khan Univ, Psychiat, Karachi, Pakistan KRIBB, Korean Bioinformat Ctr, Seoul, South Korea Cardinal Hlth Specialty Solut, Hlth Econ & Outcomes Res, Dallas, TX USA Klinikum Univ Munchen, Div Clin Pharmacol, Munich, Germany Univ Pittsburgh, Neurol Surg, Pittsburgh, PA USA Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat Psychosomat & Ps, Aachen, Germany Univ Copenhagen, Inst Mol & Cellular Biol, Copenhagen, Denmark St Jude Childrens Res Hosp, Struct Biol, 332 N Lauderdale St, Memphis, TN 38105 USA Royal Shrewsbury Hosp, Colorectal Surg, Shrewsbury, Salop, England Univ Nottingham, Fac Med & Hlth Sci, Nottingham, England Karolinska Inst, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Solna, Sweden Chinese Acad Sci, Changchun Inst Appl Chem, State Key Lab Electroanalyt Chem, Jilin, Jilin, Peoples R China Univ British Columbia, Pediat, Vancouver, BC, Canada Chinese Acad Agr Sci, State Key Lab Cotton Biol, Res Base Anyang Inst Technol, Cotton Germplasm Resources,Inst Cotton Res, Beijing, Peoples R China Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Anaesthesia & Intens Care, Hong Kong, Peoples R China Univ Macau, ICMS, Zhuhai, Guangdong, Peoples R China North China Elect Power Univ, Sch Renewable Energy, Beijing, Peoples R China Justus Liegbig Univ, Dept Internal Med, Giessen, Germany Aarhus Univ, Biosci, Aarhus, Denmark Univ Dublin, Trinity Coll Dublin, Irish Longitudinal Study Ageing TILDA, Dublin, Ireland Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Hematol, Groningen, Netherlands Vrije Univ Amsterdam Med Ctr, Child Neurol, Amsterdam, Netherlands EBI, EMBL, Cambridge, England Max Planck Inst Marine Microbiol, HGF MPG Joint Res Grp Deep Sea Ecol & Technol, Bremen, Germany Max Planck Inst Human Dev, Ctr Adapt Rat, Berlin, Germany King Faisal Univ, Math, Al Hufuf, Saudi Arabia Griffith Univ, Sch Nursing & Midwifery, Gold Coast, Qld, Australia Iowa State Univ, Roy J Carver Dept Biochemsitry Biophys & Mol Biol, Ames, IA USA Delft Univ Technol, Fac Mech Maritime & Mat Engn, Engn Thermodynam Proc & Energy Dept, Leeghwaterstr 39, NL-2628 CB Delft, Netherlands Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Coll Allied Hlth Profess, Cytotechnol Educ, Omaha, NE USA Shinko Mem Hosp, Dept Cardiovasc Med, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan Imperial Coll London, Mat, London, England Tech Univ Munich, Dept Surg, Munich, Germany Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Res Inst Pomol, Minist Agr, Lab Qual & Safety Risk Assessment Fruit Xingcheng, Shenyang, Liaoning, Peoples R China James Madison Univ, Commun Sci & Disorders, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA Univ Hosp Ulm, Inst Orthopaed Res & Biomech, Ulm, Germany Univ Essex, Sch Hlth & Social Care, Colchester, Essex, England Alpha Altis, Res Serv, Nottingham, England Erasmus MC, Med Oncol, Rotterdam, Netherlands Fed Univ Oye, Dept Ind Chem, Ekiti, Nigeria Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Cell Biol, Durham, NC USA Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Clin Neurosci, Oxford, England Univ Manchester, Canc Res UK Manchester Inst, Manchester, Lancs, England Helsinki Univ Hosp, Childrens Hosp, Helsinki, Finland Univ Aveiro, CESAM Ctr Environm & Marine Studies, Dept Biol, Aveiro, Portugal Univ Botswana, Psychol, Gaborone, Botswana Univ Fed Bahia, Nursing Sch, Salvador, BA, Brazil Queen Mary Univ London, Biol & Expt Psychol, London, England Natl Univ Pharm, Med Chem Dept, Kharkov, Ukraine Univ Bolton, Dept Educ & Psychol, Bolton, England La Trobe Univ, Dept Chem & Phys, Melbourne, Vic, Australia Gen Hosp Northern Theater Command, Dept Gastroenterol, Shenyang, Liaoning, Peoples R China Doctors Hosp, Dept Nephrol, Athens, Greece Univ Hosp Essen, Pediat 3, Essen, Germany Imperial Coll London, Infect Dis Epidemiol, London, England Sorbonne Univ, Dept Psychiat, Paris, France UNSW Sydney, Educ, Sydney, NSW, Australia Stanford Univ, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA Hannover Med Sch, Clin Laryngol Rhinol & Otol, Hannover, Germany Curtin Univ, Ctr Aboriginal Studies, Perth, WA, Australia Iran Univ Sci & Technol, Biomed Engn Dept, Tehran, Iran Univ Calif San Francisco, Anesthesiol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA Khalifa Univ Sci & Technol, Mech Engn, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates Univ Florida, Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL USA James Cook Univ, Australian Inst Trop Hlth & Med, Ctr Biodiscovery & Mol Dev Therapeut, Cairns, Qld, Australia Univ Porto, Fac Med, CINTESIS, Porto, Portugal Shaoxing Peoples Hosp, Med Res Ctr, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, Peoples R China NIH, Dept Transfus Med, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA AIIMS, Dept Biotechnol, New Delhi, India Univ Ottawa, Biochem Microbiol & Immunol, Ottawa, ON, Canada Univ Oslo, Inst Clin Med, Div Mental Hlth & Addict, Oslo, Norway Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Dept Radiol, Groningen, Netherlands Univ Hong Kong, Sch Nursing, Hong Kong, Peoples R China Tokyo Med Univ, Ibaraki Med Ctr, Urol, Tokyo, Japan Univ Hosp Zurich, Dept Radiat Oncol, Zurich, Switzerland Univ Maryland, Inst Human Virol, Div Immunotherapy, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA Univ Maryland, Dept Surg, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA Stellenbosch Univ, Fac Med & Hlth Sci, Div Mol Biol & Human Genet, Stellenbosch, South Africa China Agr Univ, Coll Biol Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Suita, Osaka, Japan Univ Washington, Biochem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA Natl Res Council Italy, Inst Biosci & BioResources, Naples, Italy Univ Lyon, Phys, Lyon, France Univ Basel, Fac Psychol, Ctr Social Psychol, Basel, Switzerland Queen Mary Univ London, Barts Canc Inst, Ctr Mol Oncol, London, England EBI, EMBL, Samples Phenotypes & Ontol Team, Cambridge, England Charles Sturt Univ, Fac Arts & Educ, Bathurst, NSW, Australia Shandong Univ, Helmholtz Inst Biotechnol, Sch Life Sci, State Key Lab Microbial Technol, Jinan, Shandong, Peoples R China Shantou Univ, Dept Biol, Shantou, Guangdong, Peoples R China Shanxi Univ, Inst Biomed Sci, Taiyuan, Shanxi, Peoples R China St Jude Childrens Res Hosp, Computat Biol, 332 N Lauderdale St, Memphis, TN 38105 USA Harbin Med Univ, Coll Bioinformat Sci & Technol, Harbin, Heilongjiang, Peoples R China NIH, Radiol & Imaging Sci, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Biol Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA XtalPi Inc, Cambridge, MA USA Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Partner Inst Max Planck Soc, Inst Invest Biomed Buenos Aires IBioBA, Bioinformat, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina Univ Sydney, Save Sight Inst, Sydney, NSW, Australia Univ South Australia, Canc Res Inst, Australian Ctr Precis Hlth, Adelaide, SA, Australia Jinan Univ, Inst Life & Hlth Engn, Guangdong Higher Educ Inst, Key Lab Funct Prot Res, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Epidemiol Human Genet & Environm Sci, Houston, TX 77030 USA Weill Cornell Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, New York, NY USA Guangdong Inst Appl Biol Resources, Biotechnol Lab, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China Shandong Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Jinan, Shandong, Peoples R China Shandong Univ, Life Sci Dept, Jinan, Shandong, Peoples R China South China Agr Univ, Integrat Microbiol Res Ctr, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China Liaoning Acad Agr Sci, Crop Mol Improving Lab, Shenyang, Liaoning, Peoples R China Lawson Hlth Res Inst, Med Biophys, London, ON, Canada Univ Melbourne, Infrastruct Engn, Parkville, Vic, Australia Univ Canberra, Fac Hlth, Canberra, ACT, Australia Univ Cambridge, MRC Cognit & Brain Sci Unit, Cambridge, England Emory Univ, Biostat & Bioinformat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Anesthesiol & Crit Care Med, Baltimore, MD USA Nottingham Trent Univ, Sch Anim Rural & Environm Sci, Nottingham, England Univ Exeter, Biosci, Exeter, Devon, England Hillingdon Hosp NHS Fdn Trust, London, England Univ Glasgow, MRC CSO Social & Publ Hlth Sci Unit, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland Natl & Kapodistrian Univ Athens, Evaggelismos Athens Hosp, ICU, Athens, Greece Univ Newcastle, Biol Sci, Callaghan, NSW, Australia Coventry Univ, Fac Hlth & Life Sci, Ctr Innovat Res Life Course, Coventry, W Midlands, England Lausanne Univ Hosp, Serv Endocrinol Diabet & Metab, Lausanne, Switzerland Charles Sturt Univ, Sch Community Hlth, Bathurst, NSW, Australia Queens Univ Belfast, Inst Global Food Secur, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland Natl Univ Singapore, Inst Policy Studies, Singapore, Singapore Univ Penn, Intitute Med & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA Cold Spring Harbor Lab, POB 100, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA Univ Michigan, EECS, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA Univ British Columbia, Ctr Blood Res, Vancouver, BC, Canada UiT Arctic Univ Norway, Dept Hlth & Care Sci, Fac Hlth Sci, Tromso, Norway Hosp Clin Porto Alegre, Physiotherapy, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil Univ Paris 05, Med Sch, Paris, France Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Crop Sci, Natl Key Facil Crop Gene Resources & Genet Improv, Beijing, Peoples R China Univ Ghent, Expt Clin & Hlth Psychol, Ghent, Belgium Indian Inst Adv Res, Bioinformat & Struct Biol, Gandhinagar, Gujart, India Bambino Ges Childrens Res Hosp, Lab Mol Med, Rome, Italy Heidelberg Univ, Ctr Infect Dis Parasitol, Heidelberg, Germany Stanford Univ, Elect Engn, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA Univ Cadiz, Biol, Andalucia, Spain Mansoura Univ Hosp, Gen Surg, Mansoura, Egypt Inst Pasteur, Virol Pole, Dakar, Senegal Cardiff Univ, Div Canc & Genet, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales Ctr Expertise & Biol Diagnost Cameroon, Food Safety & Environm Microbiol, Yaounde, Cameroon Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci & Technol, Lab Thin Films & Photovolta, Dubendorf, Switzerland Assiut Univ, Assiut Urol & Nephrol Hosp, Fac Med, Assiut, Egypt UCL, GEE, London, England UCL, IHA, London, England Univ Derby, Univ Derby Online Learning, Derby, England SUNY Stony Brook, Family Populat & Prevent Med, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA Walter & Eliza Hall Inst Med Res, Mol Med Div, Melbourne, Vic, Australia Newcastle Univ, Northern Inst Canc Res, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England German Ctr Neurodegenerat Dis, Clin Dementia Res, Bonn, Germany Sorbonne Univ, CNRS, UMR 7144, Stn Biol, Paris, France Univ Barcelona, Odontoestomatol, Barcelona, Spain Janelia Res Campus, Comp Sci, Ashburn, VA USA Univ Oxford, Ctr Trop Med & Global Hlth, Oxford, England Univ Bern, ARTORG Ctr Biomed Engn Res, Bern, Switzerland Australian Natl Univ, Eccles Inst Neurosci, John Curtain Sch Med Res, Canberra, ACT, Australia John Innes Ctr, Metab Biol, Norwich, Norfolk, England USDA ARS, Genom & Bioinformat Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA Med Univ Graz, Inst Med Informat Stat & Documentat, Holzinger Grp, Graz, Austria Ajou Univ, Pharm, Suwon, South Korea City Univ Hong Kong, Sch Energy & Environm, Hong Kong, Peoples R China Univ British Columbia, Sch Kinseiol, Vancouver, BC, Canada Univ Copenhagen, Marine Biol Sect, Dept Biol, Copenhagen, Denmark Univ Vienna, Dept Commun, Vienna, Austria Univ Dundee, Sch Social Sci, Dundee, Scotland Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Bot, Dresden, Germany Univ Oxford, Div Struct Biol, Oxford, England Natl Univ Hlth Syst, Med, Singapore, Singapore Univ Canterbury, Sch Biol Sci, Christchurch, New Zealand Univ Hosp Southern Denmark, Focused Res Unit Mol Diagnost & Clin Res, Odense, Denmark Univ Oxford, Primary Care Hlth Sci, Oxford, England Baylor Coll Med, Verna & Marrs McLean Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Houston, TX 77030 USA Adnan Menderes Univ Aydin, Fac Nursing, Dept Publ Hlth Nursing, Aydin, Turkey Oasi Res Inst IRCCS, Dept Neurol IC, Troina, Italy Purdue Univ, Weldon Sch Biomed Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA Kings Coll London, Kings Ctr Mil Hlth Res, London, England LSHTM, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, London, England Leibniz Univ Hannover, BMWZ Organ Chem, Hannover, Germany Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Basic Med Sci, Dept Physiol & Pathophysiol, Xian, Shaanxi, Peoples R China Univ South Australia, Sch Pharm & Med Sci, Adelaide, SA, Australia Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Dept Phys Educ, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil Southern Med Univ, Nanfang Hosp, Dept Oncol, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China Stanford Univ, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA Shenzhen Univ, Affiliated Hosp 1, Shenzhen Peoples Hosp 2, Inst Translat Med, Shenzhen, Guangdong, Peoples R China Univ Hong Kong, Dept Stat & Actuarial Sci, Hong Kong, Peoples R China UCL, Dept Mech Engn, London, England ASTAR, Singapore Immunol Network, Lab Microbial Immun, Singapore, Singapore Cent South Univ, State Key Lab Powder Met, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China Univ Aberdeen, Inst Appl Hlth Sci, Aberdeen, Scotland Univ Bridgeport, Biomed Engn, Bridgeport, CT 06601 USA Texas Tech Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Pharmaceut Sci, Lubbock, TX 79430 USA Univ Montana, Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA Univ Goettingen, Dept Syst Neurosci, Gottingen, Germany NHLBI, Lab Syst Genet, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA Cleveland Clin, Lou Ruvo Ctr Brain Hlth, Imaging, Las Vegas, NV USA Flinders Univ S Australia, Coll Nursing & Hlth Sci, Nutr & Dietet, Adelaide, SA, Australia Univ Padua, Dept Math, Padua, Italy Lund Univ, Fac Law, Lund, Sweden Univ Gothenburg, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Gothenburg, Sweden NARO, Kachwekano Zardi, Entebbe, Uganda Natl Yunlin Univ Sci & Technol, Bachelor Program Interdisciplinary Studies, Touliu, Yunlin, Taiwan Aarhus Univ, Dept Biomed, Danish Res Inst Translat Neurosci DANDRITE, Aarhus, Denmark Eduardo Mondlane Univ, Math & Comp Sci, Maputo, Mozambique Univ Bern, Dept Old Age Psychiat & Psychotherapy, Bern, Switzerland RAS, Inst Cytol, Lab Cytol Unicellular Organisms, St Petersburg, Russia Beijing Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Beijing, Peoples R China Univ Queensland, Queensland Alliance Agr & Food Innovat, Brisbane, Qld, Australia Fraunhofer Inst Toxicol & Expt Med ITEM, Inhalat Toxicol, Hannover, Germany Univ Hong Kong, Publ Hlth, Hong Kong, Peoples R China Univ Hlth Network, Anesthesia & Pain Med, Toronto, ON, Canada Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada Univ Bath, Dept Hlth, Bath, Avon, England Univ Copenhagen, Computat & RNA Biol, Copenhagen, Denmark Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS, Canada Goethe Univ, CEF MC, BMLS, Phys Biol, Frankfurt, Germany Albert Einstein Coll Med, Anat & Struct Biol, New York, NY USA Queensland Govt, Dept Environm & Sci, Brisbane, Qld, Australia Uppsala Univ, Vasc Surg Sect, Dept Surg Sci, Uppsala, Sweden Childrens Canc Hosp, Res, Cairo, Egypt Leibniz Inst Nat Prod Res & Infect Biol, Bio Pilot Plant, Jena, Germany Duy Tan Univ, Inst Res & Dev, Da Nang, Vietnam Univ Helsinki, Helsinki Inst Life Sci HiLIFE, Helsinki, Finland Univ Queensland, Australian Inst Bioengn & Nanotechnol, Brisbane, Qld, Australia George Inst Global Hlth, Sydney, NSW, Australia Griffith Univ, Griffith Inst Drug Discovery, Brisbane, Qld, Australia Dezhou Univ, Coll Phys & Elect Informat, Shandong Prov Key Lab Biophys, Dezhou, Peoples R China Henan Agr Univ, Coll Life Sci, Zhengzhou, Henan, Peoples R China Univ Tokyo, Publ Hlth, Tokyo, Japan Sun Yat Sen Univ, Affiliated Hosp 1, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China Univ Illinois, Dept Med, Chicago, IL USA Beijing Inst Microbiol & Epidemiol, State Key Lab Pathogen & Biosecur, Beijing, Peoples R China Minist Hlth, Key Lab Neonatal Dis, Shanghai, Peoples R China Covenant Univ, Dept Phys, Ota, Nigeria Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz Univ, Dept Phys Therapy & Hlth Rehabil, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia Lund Univ, Cognit Sci, Malmo, Sweden Natl Open Univ Nigeria, Dept Publ & Environm Hlth, Abuja, Nigeria Peking Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Lab Sci & Technol, Beijing, Peoples R China Univ Sydney, Sch Publ Hlth, Menzies Ctr Hlth Policy, Sydney, NSW, Australia Univ Auckland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Auckland, New Zealand Beijing Univ Chinese Med, Res Ctr TCM Informat Engn, Beijing, Peoples R China Osped Niguarda Ca Granda, Cardiac Surg, Milan, Italy Univ Vet Med, Clin Horses, Hannover, Germany Harbin Med Univ, Lab Med Genet, Harbin, Heilongjiang, Peoples R China Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Psychol, Saskatoon, SK, Canada Univ Coimbra, Ctr Studies Geog & Spatial Planning CEGOT, Coimbra, Portugal Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Epidemiol, Groningen, Netherlands South Cent High Specialty Hosp, Dept Neurol & Neurosurg, Pemex, Mexico Shandong Agr Univ, Coll Informat Sci & Engn, Tai An, Shandong, Peoples R China Curtin Univ, Natl Drug Res Inst, Perth, WA, Australia Wageningen Bioveterinary Res, Bacteriol & Epidemiol, Lelystad, Netherlands Guangdong Second Prov Gen Hosp, Dept Rheumatol & Immunol, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China Erasmus MC, Biomed Rngineering, Rotterdam, Netherlands Hiroshima Univ, Grad Sch Biomed & Hlth Sci, Hiroshima, Japan Univ Iceland, Sch Hlth Sci, Reykjavik, Iceland Ohio State Univ, Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA Kathmandu Univ, Sch Med Sci, Dept Physiotherapy, Dhulikhel, Nepal Univ Queensland, Sch Biomed Sci, Brisbane, Qld, Australia Fraunhofer MEVIS, Image Guided Therapies, Bremen, Germany Natl Univ Hlth Syst, Haematol Oncol, Singapore, Singapore Sun Yat Sen Univ, Canc Ctr, Breast Oncol, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China Med Coll Wisconsin, Pharmacol & Toxicol, Wauwatosa, WI USA Queensland Univ Technol, Sci & Engn Fac, Sch Chem Phys & Mech Engn, Brisbane, Qld, Australia Univ Turin, Dept Mol Biotechnol & Hlth Sci, Turin, Italy Univ Tehran Med Sci, Sch Rehabil, Physiotherapy Dept, Tehran, Iran Univ Helsinki, Dept Forest Sci, Helsinki, Finland Univ Messina, Human Pathol, Messina, Italy AO Papardo Hosp Messina, Messina, Italy Univ Ibadan, Coll Med, Inst Child Hlth, Ibadan, Nigeria King Faisal Univ, Coll Med, Fac Ophthalmol, Al Hasa, Saudi Arabia Univ Stirling, Inst Social Mkt, Stirling, Scotland Saveh Univ Med Sci, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Saveh, Iran Gakujutsu Shien Co Ltd, Tokyo, Japan Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geochem, Guiyang, Guizhou, Peoples R China Univ Plymouth, Med Sch, Plymouth, Devon, England CHU Toulouse, Immunol, Toulouse, France Azorean Biodivers Grp, Ctr Ecol Evolut & Environm Changes, Azores, Portugal Univ Acores, Azores, Portugal RIKEN, Ctr Integrat Med Sci, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan Peking Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Global Hlth, Beijing, Peoples R China Chang Gung Univ, Chang Gung Mem Hosp, Dept Neurol, Linkou Med Ctr, Taoyuan, Taiwan Chang Gung Univ, Coll Med, Taoyuan, Taiwan Univ Malawi, Coll Med, Biomed Sci Dept, Blantyre, Malawi Univ Malawi, Coll Med, Pharm Dept, Blantyre, Malawi Bioself Commun, Biocurat, Marseille, France Peking Univ, Hosp 3, Dept Neurol, Beijing, Peoples R China Ahmadu Bello Univ, Fac Basic Clin Sci, Coll Hlth Sci, Dept Pathol, Zaria, Nigeria Dalhousie Univ, Dept Anesthesia Pain Management & Perioperat Med, Halifax, NS, Canada VisMederi Srl, Siena, Italy UCL, Canc Res UK, London, England UCL, UCL Canc Trials Ctr, London, England Univ Ottawa, Family Med, Ottawa, ON, Canada China Agr Univ, Coll Engn, Beijing, Peoples R China Leiden Univ, Leiden Acad Ctr Drug Res, Div Drug Discovery & Safety, Leiden, Netherlands Sun Yat Sen Univ, Affiliated Hosp 1, Dept Intervent Radiol, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China Amer Univ Beirut, Med Ctr, Infect Dis, Beirut, Lebanon Sheffield Hallam Univ, Dept Social Work Social Care & Community Studies, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England Mechnikov Res Inst Vaccines & Sera, Viral Hepatitis, Moscow, Russia Univ Ottawa, Pediat, Ottawa, ON, Canada Vreden Russian Res Inst Traumatol & Orthopaed, Dept Wound Infect Treatment & Prevent, St Petersburg, Russia Hangzhou Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept TB Control & Prevent, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China Kaohsiung Med Univ, Dept Biotechnol, Kaohsiung, Taiwan Zoetis, Diagnost, Kalamazoo, MI USA Aintree Univ Hosp NHS Fdn Trust, Head & Neck Oncol Res, Liverpool, Merseyside, England Wrightington Hosp, Trauma & Orthopaed, Manchester, Lancs, England Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, 2160 S 1st Ave, Maywood, IL 60153 USA Atkins Vet Serv, Microbiol, Calgary, AB, Canada Univ Porto, FADEUP, CIAFEL, Porto, Portugal Natl Univ Singapore, Saw Swee Hock Sch Publ Hlth, Singapore, Singapore Kangwon Natl Univ, Coll Biotechnol & Biosci, Dept Food Sci & Biotechnol, Chunchon, South Korea Kakatiya Med Coll, Internal Med, Warangal, Telangana, India Univ Antioquia, Vet Med Sch, CIBAV Res Grp, Medellin, Colombia IISER, Dept Phys, Soft & Act Matter Grp, Tirupati 517507, Andhra Pradesh, India Univ Rosario, Sch Med & Hlth, Ctr Studies Phys Activ Measurements, Bogota, Colombia Univ Hosp Essen, Cardiol & Vasc Med, Essen, Germany Univ Hosp Basel, Endocrinol, Basel, Switzerland Univ Tubingen, Inst Med Genet & Appl Genom, Tubingen, Germany Univ Hosp Munster, Div Gen Internal Med Nephrol & Rheumatolog, Dept Med D, Munster, Germany Univ Kentucky, Dept Nephrol, Lexington, KY USA Univ Freiburg, Dept Anaesthesiol & Crit Care, Med Ctr, Freiburg, Germany Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Med, Orange, CA 92668 USA Univ Hosp Leuven, Dept Urol, Leuven, Belgium Chinese Acad Sci, Coll Life Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China Univ Florida, Orthopaed & Rehabil, Gainesville, FL USA Chongqing Med Univ, Affiliated Hosp 1, Chongqing Key Lab Mol Oncol & Epigenet, Chongqing, Peoples R China Tsinghua Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Beijing, Peoples R China Yonsei Univ, Coll Med, Dept Pharmacol, Seoul, South Korea Childrens Hosp Kings Daughters, Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Dept Pediat, Norfolk, VA USA China Three Gorges Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Math, Yichang, Peoples R China Xiangtan Univ, Coll Informat Engn, Xiangtan, Hunan, Peoples R China Univ Hlth Network, Mood Disorders & Psychopharmacol, Toronto, ON, Canada Sao Paulo State Univ UNESP, Dept Anim Sci, Sao Paulo, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Vet Clin, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Published: 2019
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10. The impact of weight loss interventions on disordered eating symptoms in people with overweight and obesity: a systematic review & meta-analysis.

Author: Tsompanaki E, Koutoukidis DA, Wren G, Tong H, Theodoulou A, Wang D, Park RJ, Jebb SA, and Aveyard P
Abstract: Background: It is unclear whether weight loss interventions worsen disordered eating in people living with overweight/obesity. We aimed to systematically evaluate the association between weight loss interventions and disordered eating., Methods: Six databases were searched from inception until September 2024. Trials of weight loss interventions in people with overweight/obesity were included if they reported a validated score for disordered eating on either the Eating Disorder Examination Interview or the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire pre- and post-intervention. Interventions included behavioural weight loss programmes (BWL) and pharmacotherapy licenced for weight loss, with or without concurrent psychological support, provided for at least 4 weeks. Pooled standardised mean differences (SMD) in scores of disordered eating were calculated using random effects meta-analyses. Risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for randomised and single-arm trials, respectively (PROSPERO ID: CRD42023404792)., Findings: Thirty-eight studies with 66 eligible arms (61 interventions: 29 BWL, 11 BWL + pharmacotherapy, 20 BWL + psychological intervention, 1 pharmacotherapy + psychological intervention) and 3364 participants in total were included. The mean weight change was -4.7 kg (95% CI: -5.7, -3.7). Compared with baseline, disordered eating scores improved by -1.47 SMD units (95% CI: -1.67, -1.27, p < 0.001, I 2 = 94%) at intervention completion (median of 4 months). Seven randomised trials that directly compared a weight loss intervention to no/minimal intervention reported an improvement of -0.49 SMD units (95% CI, -0.93, -0.04, p = 0.0035, I 2 = 73%). Sub-group analyses showed: (a) disordered eating scores improved more in people with an eating disorder at baseline compared with people without high scores, (b) no clear evidence that the association depended upon intervention type, and (c) disordered eating scores improved more in trials rated at low overall RoB., Interpretation: Despite heterogeneity in effect size, weight loss interventions consistently improved disordered eating scores. These findings provide reassurance that weight loss interventions might not worsen disordered eating and may improve it., Funding: Novo Nordisk UK Research Foundation Doctoral Fellowship in Clinical Diabetes., Competing Interests: DAK, SAJ, and PA are investigators in two investigator-led publicly funded (NIHR) trials where the weight loss intervention was donated by Nestle Health Science and Oviva to the University of Oxford outside the submitted work. Second Nature is the commercial partner on GMW's MRC industrial collaborative awards in science and engineering (iCASE) studentship, but had no involvement in this review. None of these associations led to payments to these authors. DW received funding from the China Scholarship Council (CSC) for a visiting scholar position at the University of Oxford. This funding is unrelated to the content of the present manuscript. PA is an NIHR Senior Investigator and PA and SAJ are supported by the NIHR Oxford Biomedical WResearch Centre, the NIHR Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre, and the NIHR Oxford and Thames Valley Applied Research Collaboration. DAK is supported by an NIHR Advanced Fellowship (NIHR302549). The funders had no role in the design and conduct of this work; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NIHR, or the Novo Nordisk UK Research Foundation., (© 2025 The Authors.)
Published: 2025
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11. Associations between Dietary Patterns and Incident Colorectal Cancer in 114,443 Individuals from the UK Biobank: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Author: Skulsky SL, Koutoukidis DA, Carter JL, Piernas C, Jebb SA, Gao M, and Astbury NM
Subjects: Humans, Male, Female, Prospective Studies, Middle Aged, United Kingdom epidemiology, Incidence, Aged, Feeding Behavior, Risk Factors, UK Biobank, Colorectal Neoplasms epidemiology, Diet statistics & numerical data, Diet adverse effects
Abstract: Background: Diet-disease association studies increasingly use dietary patterns (DP) to account for the complexity of the exposure. We assessed if a DP associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality is also associated with colorectal cancer., Methods: We used reduced rank regression on 24-hour recall data to identify DPs, explaining the maximum variation in four nutrient-response variables: energy density, saturated fatty acids, free sugars, and fiber density. Cox proportional hazards models examined prospective associations between DP adherence (coded in a continuous scale as z-scores as well as in quintiles) and incident colorectal cancer. Subgroup analyses were conducted for tumor site, age, and sex., Results: After exclusions, 1,089 colorectal cancer cases occurred in 114,443 participants over a median follow-up of 8.0 years. DP1 was characterized by increased intake of chocolate and confectionery; butter; low-fiber bread; red and processed meats; and alcohol, as well as low intake of fruits, vegetables, and high-fiber cereals. After accounting for confounders, including body mass, there were positive linear associations between DP1 and incident overall colorectal cancer (HR of quintile 5 vs. 1, 1.34; 95% confidence interval, 1.16-1.53, Ptrend = 0.005) and rectal cancer (HR of quintile 5 vs. 1, 1.58; 95% confidence interval, 1.27-1.96, Ptrend = 0.009) but not for proximal or distal colon cancers. No DP2-colorectal cancer association was observed., Conclusions: A DP previously associated with cardiometabolic disease is also associated with incident colorectal cancer, especially rectal cancers., Impact: These consistent associations of particular food groups with both cardiometabolic disease and this diet-related cancer strengthen the evidence base for holistic population dietary guidelines to prevent ill-health., (©2024 The Authors; Published by the American Association for Cancer Research.)
Published: 2024
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12. Glycated haemoglobin is a major predictor of disease severity in patients with NAFLD.

Author: Colosimo S, Miller H, Koutoukidis DA, Marjot T, Tan GD, Harman DJ, Aithal GP, Manousou P, Forlano R, Parker R, Sheridan DA, Newsome PN, Alazawi W, Cobbold JF, and Tomlinson JW
Subjects: Humans, Female, Male, Middle Aged, Adult, Body Mass Index, Aged, Biomarkers blood, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease blood, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease pathology, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease diagnosis, Glycated Hemoglobin metabolism, Glycated Hemoglobin analysis, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 blood, Severity of Illness Index
Abstract: Objectives: Currently, non-invasive scoring systems to stage the severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) do not consider markers of glucose control (glycated haemoglobin, HbA1c); this study aimed to define the relationship between HbA1c and NAFLD severity in patients with and without type 2 diabetes., Research Design and Methods: Data were obtained from 857 patients with liver biopsy staged NAFLD. Generalized-linear models and binomial regression analysis were used to define the relationships between histological NAFLD severity, age, HbA1c, and BMI. Paired biopsies from interventional studies (n = 421) were used to assess the impact of change in weight, HbA1c and active vs. placebo treatment on improvements in steatosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and fibrosis., Results: In the discovery cohort (n = 687), risk of severe steatosis, NASH and advanced fibrosis correlated positively with HbA1c, after adjustment for obesity and age. These data were endorsed in a separate validation cohort (n = 170). Predictive modelling using HbA1c and age was non-inferior to the established non-invasive biomarker, Fib-4, and allowed the generation of HbA1c, age, and BMI adjusted risk charts to predict NAFLD severity. Following intervention, reduction in HbA1c was associated with improvements in steatosis and NASH after adjustment for weight change and treatment, whilst fibrosis change was only associated with weight change and treatment., Conclusions: HbA1c is highly informative in predicting NAFLD severity and contributes more than BMI. Assessments of HbA1c must be a fundamental part of the holistic assessment of patients with NAFLD and, alongside age, can be used to identify patients with highest risk of advanced disease., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)
Published: 2024
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13. Optimising a digitally delivered behavioural weight loss programme: study protocol for a factorial cluster randomised controlled trial.

Author: Wren GM, Koutoukidis DA, Scragg J, Preston G, Hennessy M, Estephane D, Whitman M, and Jebb SA
Subjects: Humans, Obesity therapy, Treatment Outcome, Adult, Time Factors, Female, Health Behavior, Weight Reduction Programs methods, Weight Loss, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Behavior Therapy methods
Abstract: Background: Digitally delivered weight loss programmes can provide a convenient, potentially cheaper, and scalable treatment option for people who may need to lose weight. However, outcomes are often inferior to in-person interventions in the long-term. This trial will use principles from the Multiphase Optimisation Strategy (MOST) framework to test whether it can enhance the effectiveness of a commercial digital behavioural weight loss programme. This trial aims to identify an optimised combination of four intervention components to enhance weight loss over a 24-week period. We will also explore which components contribute to improvements in participant retention and engagement with the programme., Methods: Approximately 1400 adults with a BMI > 21 kg/m 2 will be enrolled and randomised to one of 16 experimental conditions in a 2 4 factorial cluster design. The trial will test four intervention components: an introductory video call with the health coach, drop-in webchat sessions with the health coach, goal setting statements, and food diary review and feedback. All participants will receive the core digital behavioural weight loss programme and up to four new intervention components. Participation in the trial will last for 24 weeks. The primary outcome will be weight change at 16 weeks. Other outcomes, measured at 4, 16, and 24 weeks, include programme drop-out and engagement (number of interactions with the three main app functions). Fidelity and acceptability will be assessed using data on component adherence and self-report questionnaires. Decision-making for the enhanced programme will be based on components that contribute to at least a minimal improvement in weight loss, defined as ≥ 0.75kg, alone or in combination with other components., Discussion: The factorial design is an efficient way to test the efficacy of behavioural components alone, or in combination, to improve the effectiveness of digital weight loss programmes. This trial will test the implementation of the MOST framework in an industry setting, using routinely collected data, which may provide a better way to refine and evaluate these types of interventions in a model of continuous service improvement., Trial Registration: Trial registration: ISRCTN, ISRCTN14407868. Registered 5 January 2024, 10.1186/ISRCTN14407868., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
Published: 2024
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14. Participants' perspectives of being recruited into a randomised trial of a weight loss intervention before colorectal cancer surgery: a qualitative interview study.

Author: Talbot A, Jebb SA, Foster C, Realpe AX, Wheatstone P, Buczacki S, and Koutoukidis DA
Subjects: Humans, Female, Male, Middle Aged, Weight Loss, Patient Selection, Weight Reduction Programs methods, Adult, England, Feasibility Studies, Body Mass Index, Colorectal Neoplasms surgery, Colorectal Neoplasms psychology, Qualitative Research
Abstract: Background: The period between cancer diagnosis and surgery presents an opportunity for trials to assess the feasibility of behaviour change interventions. However, this can be a worrying time for patients and may hinder recruitment. We describe the perspectives of patients with excess weight awaiting colorectal cancer surgery about their recruitment into a randomised trial of a prehabilitation weight loss intervention., Methods: We interviewed the first 26 participants from the 8 recruitment sites across England in the 'CARE' feasibility trial. Participants were randomised into either usual care (n = 13) or a low-energy nutritionally-replete total diet replacement programme with weekly remote behavioural support by a dietitian (n = 13). The semi-structured interviews occurred shortly after recruitment and the questions focused on participants' recollections of being recruited into the trial. We analysed data rapidly and then used a mind-mapping technique to develop descriptive themes. Themes were agreed by all co-authors, including a person with lived-experience of colorectal surgery., Results: Participants had a mean body mass index (± SD) of 38 kg/m 2 (± 6), age of 50 years (± 12), and 42% were female. People who participated in the trial were motivated by the offer of structured weight loss support that could potentially help them improve their surgical outcomes. However, participants also had concerns around the potential unpalatability of the intervention diet and side effects. Positive attitudes of clinicians towards the trial facilitated recruitment but participants were disappointed when they were randomised to usual care due to clinical teams' overemphasis on the benefits of losing weight., Conclusions: Patients were motivated to take part by the prospect of improved surgical outcomes. However, the strong preference to be allocated to the intervention suggests that balanced communication of equipoise is crucial to minimise disappointment from randomisation to usual care and differential dropout from the trial., Clinical Trial Registration: ISRCTN39207707, Registration date 13/03/2023., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
Published: 2024
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15. The impact of low-energy total diet replacement with behavioural support for remission of type 2 diabetes on disordered eating (ARIADNE): Protocol for a non-inferiority randomised controlled trial.

Author: Tsompanaki E, Aveyard P, Park RJ, and Koutoukidis DA
Subjects: Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Behavior Therapy methods, Caloric Restriction methods, Diet, Reducing methods, England, Equivalence Trials as Topic, Weight Reduction Programs methods, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 therapy, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 complications, Feeding and Eating Disorders therapy
Abstract: Introduction: The National Health Service (NHS) in England is currently piloting a weight loss programme for remission of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D), where participants replace all food with low-energy nutritionally complete formula products for 12 weeks (total diet replacement, TDR) and receive behavioural support. In a clinical trial, this programme led to remission in nearly half the participants. However, this weight loss programme might also worsen disordered eating and prompt eating disorders in susceptible people. We aim to investigate if the TDR programme is non-inferior to standard care in terms of disordered eating in susceptible individuals., Methods: Fifty six people with newly diagnosed T2D, BMI ≥ 27 kg/m 2 , and medium to high scores of disordered eating based on the Eating Disorders Examination questionnaire (EDE-Q) will be randomised 1:1 to TDR receiving remote weekly/bi-weekly dietetic support or standard care. Participants will be re-assessed remotely at 1, 3, 4, 6, and 12 months. The primary outcome will be the between-group difference in the score of the EDE-Q. If the sample size can be expanded to 150, we will reduce the non-inferiority boundary. Weight, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), impairment from disordered eating, and distress will be secondary outcomes. Using the recorded consultations, we will evaluate the process in observed changes in eating behaviour and disordered eating., Conclusions: If TDR for T2D remission is deemed non-inferior to standard care, more people may enrol and benefit from T2D remission. If TDR exacerbates disordered eating, screening may reduce unintended harm., Trial Registration: NCT05744232 (ClinicalTrials.gov, prospectively registered)., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: ET has been awarded the Doctoral Fellowship in Clinical Diabetes 2021 by the Novo Nordisk UK Research Foundation, member of the Association of Medical Research Charities. The funder had no involvement in designing and conducting this study. DAK and PA are investigators in two investigator-led publicly funded (NIHR) trials where the weight loss intervention was donated by Nestle Health Sciences and Oviva to the University of Oxford outside the submitted work. None of these associations led to payments to these authors. No other conflicts of interest are reported., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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16. Effect of planned pauses versus continuous energy restriction on weight loss and attrition: a systematic review.

Author: Wren GM, Koutoukidis DA, Scragg J, Tsompanaki E, Hobson A, and Jebb SA
Subjects: Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Exercise, Overweight therapy, Overweight diet therapy, Patient Dropouts, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Caloric Restriction methods, Obesity therapy, Obesity diet therapy, Weight Loss, Weight Reduction Programs methods
Abstract: Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate whether pausing a weight loss program for a defined period of time could enhance weight loss and reduce attrition., Methods: Five databases and two trial registries were searched from inception to July 2023. Randomized-controlled trials of adults with overweight and/or obesity were included if they compared planned-pause interventions with continuous energy restriction (CER), usual care, or a minimal intervention. To be included, the weight loss intervention must have incorporated a pause of at least 1 week. Pooled mean differences for weight change and risk ratios for attrition were calculated using random-effects meta-analyses., Results: Nine intervention arms (N = 796 participants, 77% female) were included. Pooled results did not detect a significant difference in weight change between planned pauses and CER interventions at the end of the active intervention at a median 26 weeks (planned pauses vs. CER mean: -7.09 vs. -7.0 kg; mean difference: -0.09 kg; 95% CI: -1.10 to 0.93) or at final follow-up at a median 52 weeks (planned pauses vs. CER mean: -6.91 vs. -6.19 kg; mean difference: -0.72 kg; 95% CI: -2.92 to 1.48). There was no difference in attrition between planned pauses and CER interventions at the end of the active intervention (risk ratio: 1.20, 95% CI: 0.82 to 1.75) or at final follow-up (risk ratio: 1.04, 95% CI: 0.89 to 1.22)., Conclusions: Planned pauses were consistently found to be no more or less effective than CER for weight loss or attrition., (© 2024 The Authors. Obesity published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The Obesity Society.)
Published: 2024
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17. Changes in intestinal permeability and gut microbiota following diet-induced weight loss in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis.

Author: Koutoukidis DA, Yen S, Gomez Castro P, Misheva M, Jebb SA, Aveyard P, Tomlinson JW, Mozes FE, Cobbold JF, Johnson JS, and Marchesi JR
Subjects: Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Female, Adult, Protein Precursors metabolism, Protein Precursors blood, Fatty Acids, Volatile metabolism, Obesity microbiology, Obesity metabolism, Obesity diet therapy, Fatty Liver metabolism, Fatty Liver microbiology, Diet, Reducing, Intestinal Mucosa metabolism, Intestinal Mucosa microbiology, Cholera Toxin metabolism, Cholera Toxin blood, Aged, Intestinal Barrier Function, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Weight Loss, Permeability, Liver Cirrhosis microbiology, Liver Cirrhosis metabolism, Haptoglobins metabolism, Feces microbiology, Feces chemistry
Abstract: Weight loss improves metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). We investigated whether there were associated changes in intestinal permeability, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and gut microbiota, which are implicated in the pathophysiology of MASH. Sixteen adults with MASH, moderate fibrosis, and obesity received a low-energy total diet replacement program for 12 weeks and stepped food re-introduction over the following 12 weeks (ISRCTN12900952). Intestinal permeability, fecal SCFAs, and fecal microbiota were assessed at 0, 12, and 24 weeks. Data were analyzed using mixed-effects linear regression and sparse partial least-squares regression. Fourteen participants completed the trial, lost 15% (95% CI: 11.2-18.6%) of their weight, and 93% had clinically relevant reductions in liver disease severity markers. Serum zonulin concentrations were reduced at both 12 and 24 weeks (152.0 ng/ml, 95% CI: 88.0-217.4, p < 0.001). Each percentage point of weight loss was associated with a 13.2 ng/mL (95% CI: 3.8-22.5, p < 0.001) reduction in zonulin. For every 10 ng/mL reduction in zonulin, there was a 6.8% (95% CI: 3.5%-10.2, p < 0.001) reduction in liver fat. There were reductions in SCFA and alpha diversity evenness as well as increases in beta diversity of the gut microbiota at 12 weeks, but the changes did not persist at 24 weeks. In conclusion, substantial dietary energy restriction is associated with significant improvement in MASH markers alongside reduction in intestinal permeability. Changes in gut microbiota and SCFA were not maintained with sustained reductions in weight and liver fat, suggesting that microbiome modulation may not explain the relationship between weight loss and improvements in MASH.
Published: 2024
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18. Associations between types and sources of dietary carbohydrates and liver fat: a UK Biobank study.

Author: Orliacq J, Pérez-Cornago A, Parry SA, Kelly RK, Koutoukidis DA, and Carter JL
Subjects: Humans, Diet adverse effects, Prospective Studies, Cross-Sectional Studies, Biological Specimen Banks, Starch, Sugars, United Kingdom, Dietary Carbohydrates, Liver Diseases
Abstract: Background and Aims: Excess energy intake can lead to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), but the relationship between dietary carbohydrate intake and liver fat content remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the associations between types and sources of dietary carbohydrates and liver fat content., Methods: UK Biobank participants with no pre-existing diabetes, liver disease or cardiovascular disease reported dietary intake of types and sources of carbohydrates (total carbohydrates, free sugars, non-free sugars, starch from whole grains, starch from refined grains, and fibre) on at least two 24-h dietary assessments. In cross-sectional analyses, (n = 22,973), odds ratios (OR) of high liver fat content (defined as a score of ≥ 36 in the hepatic steatosis index) by quintiles of carbohydrate intakes were estimated using multivariable logistic regression models. In prospective analyses, a second sample (n = 9268) had liver proton density fat fraction (PDFF) measured by magnetic resonance imaging (2014-2020). Multivariable linear regression models estimated geometric means of PDFF (%) by quintiles of carbohydrate intakes. Models were adjusted for demographic and lifestyle confounders, including total energy intake., Results: In the cross-sectional analyses, 6894 cases of high liver fat content were identified. Inverse associations between intakes of fibre (OR of highest vs. lowest quintile 0.46 [95% CI: 0.41-0.52]), non-free sugars (0.63 [0.57-0.70]) and starch from whole grains (0.52 [0.47-0.57]) with liver fat were observed. There were positive associations between starch from refined grains and liver fat (1.33 [1.21-1.46]), but no association with free sugars (p=0.61). In prospective analyses, inverse associations with PDFF (%) were observed for intakes of fibre (- 0.48 geometric mean difference between highest and lowest quintile of intake [- 0.60 to - 0.35]), non-free sugars (- 0.37 [- 0.49 to - 0.25]) and starch from whole grains (- 0.31 [- 0.42 to - 0.19]). Free sugars, but not starch from refined grains, were positively associated with PDFF (0.17 [0.05 to 0.28])., Conclusion: This study suggests that different carbohydrate types and sources have varying associations with liver fat, which may be important for MASLD prevention. Non-free sugars, fibre, and starch from whole grains could be protective, while associations with free sugars and starch from refined grains are less clear., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
Published: 2023
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19. CARE: Protocol of a randomised trial evaluating the feasibility of preoperative intentional weight loss to support postoperative recovery in patients with excess weight and colorectal cancer.

Author: Koutoukidis DA, Jebb SA, Foster C, Wheatstone P, Horne A, Hill TM, Taylor A, Realpe A, Achana F, and Buczacki SJA
Subjects: Humans, Feasibility Studies, Length of Stay, Weight Gain, Weight Loss, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Multicenter Studies as Topic, Quality of Life, Colorectal Neoplasms surgery
Abstract: Aim: Excess weight increases the risk of morbidity following colorectal cancer surgery. Weight loss may improve morbidity, but it is uncertain whether patients can follow an intensive weight loss intervention while waiting for surgery and there are concerns about muscle mass loss. The aim of this trial is to assess the feasibility of intentional weight loss in this setting and determine progression to a definitive trial., Methods: CARE is a prospectively registered, multicentre, feasibility, parallel, randomised controlled trial with embedded evaluation and optimisation of the recruitment process. Participants with excess weight awaiting curative colorectal resection for cancer are randomised 1:1 to care as usual or a low-energy nutritionally-replete total diet replacement programme with weekly remote behavioural support by a dietitian. Progression criteria will be based on the recruitment, engagement, adherence, and retention rates. Data will be collected on the 30-day postoperative morbidity, the typical primary outcome of prehabilitation trials. Secondary outcomes will include, among others, length of hospital stay, health-related quality of life, and body composition. Qualitative interviews will be used to understand patients' experiences of and attitudes towards trial participation and intervention engagement and adherence., Conclusion: CARE will evaluate the feasibility of intensive intentional weight loss as prehabilitation before colorectal cancer surgery. The results will determine the planning of a definitive trial., (© 2023 The Authors. Colorectal Disease published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland.)
Published: 2023
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20. The Association Between Goal Setting and Weight Loss: Prospective Analysis of a Community Weight Loss Program.

Author: Wren GM, Koutoukidis DA, Scragg J, Whitman M, and Jebb S
Subjects: Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Goals, Motivation, Overweight, Prospective Studies, Longitudinal Studies, Telemedicine, Cell Phone, Weight Loss, Weight Reduction Programs, Behavior Therapy
Abstract: Background: Goal setting aids health-related behavior changes; however, the influence of different types of goals on weight loss remains unclear., Objective: We aimed to investigate the association of 3 aspects of goal setting with weight and program dropout over a 24-week period., Methods: This study was a prospective longitudinal analysis of participants in a 12-week digital behavioral weight loss program. Weight and engagement data for eligible participants (N=36,794) were extracted from the database. Eligible participants were adults in the United Kingdom who had enrolled in the program, had a BMI ≥25 kg/m 2 , and a weight reading recorded at baseline. Three aspects of goal setting were self-reported at enrollment: weight loss motivation (appearance, health, fitness, or self-efficacy), overall goal preference (low, medium, or high), and percentage weight loss goal (<5%, 5%-10%, or >10%). Weight was measured at 4, 12, and 24 weeks. Mixed models for repeated measures were used to explore the association between goals and weight across the 24-week period. To measure sustained weight change, the primary outcome was weight at 24 weeks. We explored dropout rates over the 24-week period by goal and whether engagement mediated the association between goals and weight loss., Results: Of the 36,794 participants (mean 46.7, SD 11.1 years; 33,902/36,794, 92.14% female) included in the cohort, 13.09% (n=4818) reported weight at 24 weeks. Most participants set goals of 5%-10% weight loss (23,629/36,794, 64.22%), but setting goals for >10% was associated with greater weight loss (mean difference 5.21 kg, 95% CI 5.01-5.41; P<.001). There was no difference between goals of 5%-10% and <5% (mean difference 0.59 kg, 95% CI 0.00-1.18; P=.05). Appearance was the most prevalent motivational factor (14,736/36,794, 40.05%), but health and fitness were associated with greater weight losses (mean difference health vs appearance 1.40 kg, 95% CI 1.15-1.65; P<.001 and mean difference fitness vs appearance 0.38 kg, 95% CI 0.05-0.70; P=.03). Goal preference had no association with weight. Engagement was an independent predictor of weight loss but not a mediator of the effect of goal setting. At 24 weeks, those who set goals of >10% were less likely to drop out compared with 5%-10% goals (odds ratio [OR] 0.40, 95% CI 0.38-0.42; P<.001); those who liked to set overall high goals were more likely to drop out compared with medium goals (OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.11-1.29; P<.001); and those motivated by fitness or health were less likely to drop out compared with appearance (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.85-0.995; P=.04 and OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.78-0.89; P<.001, respectively)., Conclusions: Setting higher weight loss goals and being motivated by health or fitness were associated with greater weight loss and lower likelihood of dropout. Randomized trials for setting these types of goals are required to confirm causality., (©Gina M Wren, Dimitrios A Koutoukidis, Jadine Scragg, Michael Whitman, Susan Jebb. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (https://www.jmir.org), 05.07.2023.)
Published: 2023
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21. A low-energy total diet replacement program demonstrates a favorable safety profile and improves liver disease severity in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.

Author: Koutoukidis DA, Mozes FE, Jebb SA, Tomlinson JW, Pavlides M, Saffioti F, Huntriss R, Aveyard P, and Cobbold JF
Subjects: Adult, Humans, Liver diagnostic imaging, Liver pathology, Magnetic Resonance Imaging methods, Patient Acuity, Biomarkers, Obesity pathology, Fibrosis, Liver Cirrhosis pathology, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease diagnostic imaging, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease pathology
Abstract: Objective: Low-energy diets are used to treat obesity and diabetes, but there are fears that they may worsen liver disease in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and significant-to-advanced fibrosis., Methods: In this 24-week single-arm trial, 16 adults with NASH, fibrosis, and obesity received one-to-one remote dietetic support to follow a low-energy (880 kcal/d) total diet replacement program for 12 weeks and stepped food reintroduction for another 12 weeks. Liver disease severity was blindly evaluated (magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction [MRI-PDFF], iron-corrected T1 [cT1], liver stiffness on magnetic resonance elastography [MRE], and liver stiffness on vibration-controlled transient elastography [VCTE]). Safety signals included liver biochemical markers and adverse events., Results: A total of 14 participants (87.5%) completed the intervention. Weight loss was 15% (95% CI: 11.2%-18.6%) at 24 weeks. Compared with baseline, MRI-PDFF reduced by 13.1% (95% CI: 8.9%-16.7%), cT1 by 159 milliseconds (95% CI: 108-216.5), MRE liver stiffness by 0.4 kPa (95% CI: 0.1-0.8), and VCTE liver stiffness by 3.9 kPa (95% CI: 2.6-7.2) at 24 weeks. The proportions with clinically relevant reductions in MRI-PDFF (≥30%), cT1 (≥88 milliseconds), MRE liver stiffness (≥19%), and VCTE liver stiffness (≥19%) were 93%, 77%, 57%, and 93%, respectively. Liver biochemical markers improved. There were no serious intervention-related adverse events., Conclusions: The intervention demonstrates high adherence, favorable safety profile, and promising efficacy as a treatment for NASH., (© 2023 The Authors. Obesity published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The Obesity Society.)
Published: 2023
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22. Association between the month of starting a weight management program and weight change in people at high risk of type 2 diabetes: A prospective cohort study.

Author: Koutoukidis DA, Barron E, Stevens R, Aveyard P, Valabhji J, and Jebb SA
Subjects: Adult, Humans, State Medicine, Prospective Studies, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 prevention & control, Weight Reduction Programs
Abstract: Objective: Weight loss is one of the most common New Year's resolutions, but it is unclear whether attempting to lose weight in January is more successful than attempting it at other times of the year., Methods: In this prospective cohort study from the English National Health Service (NHS) Diabetes Prevention Program, adults with nondiabetic hyperglycemia were enrolled in a structured behavioral weight management program. Repeated measures models assessed the mean difference between baseline and follow-up weight adjusting for monthly variation in weight among those with ≥1 weight measurement., Results: Among 85,514 participants with a mean baseline BMI of 30.3 kg/m 2 (range: 13.4 to 84.2), mean weight change at the end of the program after an average 7.9 (SD: 4.5) sessions over 6.4 (SD: 5.6) months was -2.00 kg (95% CI: -2.02 to -1.97 kg) or -2.33% (95% CI: -2.35% to -2.32%). Compared with participants starting in January, participants starting in other months lost less weight, ranging between 0.28 kg (95% CI: 0.10 to 0.45 kg) less weight in those starting in March and 0.71 kg (95% CI: 0.55 to 0.87 kg) less weight in those starting in November. April and May were the only exceptions, in which the estimates followed the same direction but were not statistically significant. Higher session attendance mediated the effects, with participants starting in January attending, on average, 0.2 to 0.7 more sessions than those starting in other months., Conclusions: People starting a weight management program in January lost 12% to 30% more weight than people starting it at other times of the year., (© 2023 The Authors. Obesity published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The Obesity Society.)
Published: 2023
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23. Changes in virus-transmission habits during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-national, repeated measures study.

Author: Rebar AL, Lally P, Verplanken B, Diefenbacher S, Kwasnicka D, Rhodes RE, Lanzini P, Koutoukidis DA, Venema TAG, and Gardner B
Subjects: Humans, Female, Male, Habits, Pandemics prevention & control, COVID-19 epidemiology, COVID-19 prevention & control
Abstract: Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic saw promotion of novel virus transmission-reduction behaviours, and discouragement of familiar transmission-conducive behaviours. Understanding changes in the automatic nature of such behaviours is important, because habitual behaviours may be more easily reactivated in future outbreaks and disrupting old habits may discontinue unwanted behaviours., Design: A repeated-measures, multi-national design tracked virus-transmission habits and behaviour fortnightly over six months (Apr-Sept 2020) among 517 participants (age M = 42 ± 16y, 79% female)., Main Outcome Measures: Within-participant habit trajectories across all timepoints, and engagement in transmission-reduction behaviours (handwashing when entering home; handwashing with soap for 20 seconds; physical distancing) and transmission-conducive behaviours (coughing/sneezing into hands; making physical contact) summed over the final two timepoints., Results: Three habit trajectory types were observed. Habits that remained strong ('stable strong habit') and habits that strengthened ('habit formation') were most common for transmission-reduction behaviours. Erosion of initially strong habits ('habit degradation') was most common for transmission-conducive behaviours. Regression analyses showed 'habit formation' and 'stable strong habit' trajectories were associated with greater behavioural engagement at later timepoints., Conclusion: Participants typically maintained or formed transmission-reduction habits, which encouraged later performance, and degraded transmission-conducive habits, which decreased performance. Findings suggest COVID-19-preventive habits may be recoverable in future virus outbreaks.
Published: 2022
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24. Association of changes in histologic severity of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and changes in patient-reported quality of life.

Author: Heath L, Aveyard P, Tomlinson JW, Cobbold JF, and Koutoukidis DA
Subjects: Fibrosis, Humans, Ligands, Liver Cirrhosis drug therapy, Patient Reported Outcome Measures, Pioglitazone therapeutic use, Quality of Life, Vitamin E therapeutic use, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease drug therapy
Abstract: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a prevalent chronic disease that is associated with a spectrum of liver fibrosis and can lead to cirrhosis. Patients with NASH report lower health-related quality of life (HRQoL) than the general population. It remains uncertain how changes in histologic severity are associated with changes in HRQoL. This is a secondary analysis of the Farnesoid X Receptor Ligand Obeticholic Acid in NASH Treatment (FLINT) and Pioglitazone, Vitamin E, or Placebo for Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (PIVENS) randomized controlled trials in patients with biopsy-proven NASH. HRQoL was assessed using short form-36 at baseline and at follow-up biopsy (at 72 and 96 weeks, respectively). Adjusted linear regression models were used to examine the association between changes in liver fibrosis (primary analysis), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) activity score (secondary analysis), and changes in HRQoL scores. Compared with stable fibrosis, improvement of fibrosis by at least one stage was significantly associated with improvements only in the physical function component by 1.8 points (95% confidence interval, 0.1, 3.5). Worsening of fibrosis by at least one stage was not associated with statistically significant changes in any HRQoL domain compared with stable fibrosis. Associations between HRQoL and NAFLD disease activity score in the secondary analysis were of similar magnitude. Weight loss was associated with small improvements in physical function, general health, and energy levels. Conclusion: Improvements in fibrosis stage were associated with improvements in the physical component of HRQoL, but the clinical impact was modest. As improving fibrosis may not meaningfully improve well-being, treatment for NASH will be cost effective only if it prevents long-term hepatic and cardiovascular disease., (© 2022 The Authors. Hepatology Communications published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases.)
Published: 2022
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25. Strategies to reduce the energy content of foods pre-ordered for lunch in the workplace: a randomised controlled trial in an experimental online canteen.

Author: Breathnach S, Lally P, Llewellyn CH, Sutherland A, and Koutoukidis DA
Subjects: Adult, Consumer Behavior, Energy Intake, Female, Food Preferences, Humans, Male, Workplace, Food Services, Lunch
Abstract: Background: Prompting employees to swap their usual lunches for lower-energy alternatives may help align energy intake with public health recommendations. We tested the effect of offering lower-energy swaps with and without physical activity calorie equivalent (PACE) information on the energy of lunches pre-ordered in an online hypothetical workplace canteen., Methods: UK employed adults (n = 2,150) were invited to hypothetically pre-order their lunch from the canteen through a custom-made online platform. They were randomised 1:1:1 to: (i) control: no swaps offered; (ii) lower-energy swaps offered; or (iii) lower-energy swaps offered with PACE information. The primary outcome was the total energy ordered using analysis of covariance and controlling for the energy content of the initial items ordered. Secondary outcomes were swap acceptance rate and intervention acceptability., Results: Participants were 54% female, had a mean age of 36.8 (SD = 11.6) and a BMI of 26.3 (SD = 5.6). Compared with an average 819 kcal energy ordered in the control, both the swaps and swaps + PACE interventions significantly reduced average energy ordered by 47 kcal (95% CI: -82 to -13, p = 0.003) and 66 kcal (95% CI: -100 to -31, p < 0.001), respectively. Compared with offering swaps only, the swaps + PACE intervention led to significantly higher swap acceptance (OR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.27 to 2.09, p < 0.001) but did not significantly reduce energy ordered (-19 kcal, 95% CI: -53 to 16, p = 0.591). About 65% and 16% of intervention participants found the swap interventions acceptable and unacceptable, respectively, with the swaps + PACE intervention being considered more acceptable than swaps only (OR: 1.32, 95%CI: 1.09 to 1.60, p < 0.004)., Conclusion: Offering lower-energy swaps with or without PACE information reduced the energy of pre-ordered lunches experimentally. Both interventions hold promise for reducing the energy of purchased foods and drinks. Trial Registration As Predicted reference number: 56358, 22/01/21, https://aspredicted.org/pw2qr.pdf., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
Published: 2022
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26. Association of Weight Changes With Changes in Histological Features and Blood Markers in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis.

Author: Koutoukidis DA, Jebb SA, Tomlinson JW, Cobbold JF, and Aveyard P
Subjects: Adult, Biomarkers, Biopsy, Humans, Liver pathology, Liver Cirrhosis complications, Weight Loss, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease complications
Abstract: Background and Aims: Weight loss is recommended for patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) but the impact of weight change on disease activity remains unclear. We examined the association between weight change (gain/loss) and changes in biochemical and histological features of NASH., Methods: This was an analysis of the PIVENS and FLINT trials in adults with NASH who had liver biopsies at baseline and at either 1.5 years or 2 years. Multivariable regression models examined how weight change was associated with changes in (a) blood liver markers, (b) NASH resolution with no fibrosis worsening, (c) fibrosis improving with no NASH worsening, and (d) individual histological features., Results: The BMI of the 421 participants was 34.3 kg/m 2 (SD:6.5) and their mean weight change was +0.5 kg (SD:6.5). Weight change was independently and positively associated with changes in liver enzymes and the Fibrosis-4 score (all P < .001). Each kg of weight loss was associated with 7% (95% CI, 3%-10%; P < .001) increase in odds of achieving NASH resolution with no fibrosis worsening and with 5% (95% CI, 1%-8%; P = .01) increase in odds of achieving fibrosis improvement with no NASH worsening. Weight gain was associated with worsening of disease activity. For every kg of weight lost, the odds of fibrosis improving were 5% (95% CI, 2%-8%; P = .001). There was no evidence that the association between weight change and outcome depended upon pharmacological treatment, trial, body mass index, and baseline fibrosis., Conclusions: Weight change was independently and monotonically associated with changes in biochemical and histological features of NASH. Guidelines for NASH management should incorporate recommendations for both avoidance of weight gain and support to lose weight., (Copyright © 2022 AGA Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2022
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27. The association of weight loss with changes in the gut microbiota diversity, composition, and intestinal permeability: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: Koutoukidis DA, Jebb SA, Zimmerman M, Otunla A, Henry JA, Ferrey A, Schofield E, Kinton J, Aveyard P, and Marchesi JR
Subjects: Adult, Aged, Bacteria classification, Bacteria genetics, Bacteria isolation & purification, Biodiversity, Feces microbiology, Female, Humans, Intestines metabolism, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity metabolism, Permeability, Young Adult, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Intestines microbiology, Obesity microbiology, Obesity physiopathology, Weight Loss
Abstract: The gut microbiome may be a mediator between obesity and health outcomes. However, it is unclear how intentional weight loss changes the gut microbiota and intestinal permeability. We aimed to systematically review and quantify this association. We searched Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane databases, and trial registries until June 2020 (PROSPERO: CRD42020205292). We included trials of weight loss interventions (energy-restricted diets, pharmacotherapy, bariatric surgery) reporting on the microbiome. Two reviewers independently completed screening, extraction, and risk assessment with the ROBINS-I tool. Pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs) were obtained from random-effects meta-analyses. Forty-seven trials with 1,916 participants (81% female) and a median follow-up of 6 months (range: 2-24) were included. Based on imprecise evidence but with fairly consistent direction of effect, weight loss was associated with a statistically significant increase in α-diversity [SMD: 0.4 (95% CI: 0.2, 0.6], p < .0001, I 2 = 70%, n = 30 studies) and a statistically significant reduction in intestinal permeability [SMD: -0.7 (95% CI: -0.9, -0.4), p < .0001, I 2 = 83%, n = 17 studies]. Each kg of weight loss was associated with a 0.012 (95% CI: 0.0003, 0.024, p = .045) increase in α-diversity and a -0.017 (95% CI: -0.034, -0.001, p = .038) reduction in intestinal permeability. There was clear evidence of increases in the relative abundance of Akkermansia , but no clear evidence of changes in individual phyla, species, or fecal short-chain fatty acids. Restricting the analyses to the studies with lower risk of bias did not materially alter the estimates. Increasing weight loss is positively associated with increases in gut microbiota α-diversity and reductions in intestinal permeability.
Published: 2022
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28. The effect of messaging on the acceptance of swaps to reduce the energy content of snacks and non-alcoholic drinks ordered in an experimental online workplace canteen: A randomised controlled trial.

Author: Breathnach S, Koutoukidis DA, Lally P, Boniface D, Sutherland A, and Llewellyn CH
Subjects: Adult, Beverages, Energy Intake, Food Preferences, Health Promotion, Humans, Taste, Choice Behavior, Snacks, Workplace
Abstract: Finding effective ways to increase acceptance of lower-energy swaps offered for snacks and non-alcoholic drinks may reduce population energy intake. We examined whether incrementally increasing the tangibility of information accompanying swaps offered increased their acceptance. UK adults (n = 3481) selected a sweet snack, a savoury snack, and a drink in an experimental online canteen after being equally randomised to receive one of four messages when swaps were offered; a control message providing no specific information, a vague calorie message, an exact numeric-calories message or, a physical activity calorie equivalent (PACE). Primary outcomes were the between-group differences in (i) the odds that a sweet, savoury, or drink swap would be accepted and (ii) the energy content for each type of item ordered. Compared with control, the numeric-calories and PACE messages significantly increased the odds of accepting a sweet snack swap. All interventions significantly increased the odds of accepting savoury swaps compared with control. Only the PACE message significantly increased the odds of drink swap acceptance. The numeric-calories and PACE messages significantly reduced the energy content of sweet snacks. All interventions significantly reduced the energy content of savoury snacks. None of the intervention messages significantly reduced the energy content of drinks compared with control. Increasing the tangibility of information provided when offering swaps increased swap acceptance. PACE messaging was the most promising., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2021
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29. What proportion of people have a follow-up biopsy in randomized trials of treatments for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis?: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: Koutoukidis DA, Morris E, Henry JA, Shammoon Y, Zimmerman M, Michalopoulou M, Jebb SA, and Aveyard P
Subjects: Biopsy methods, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Aftercare, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease therapy
Abstract: Background and Aim: Trials of treatments for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis require endpoint assessment with liver biopsies. Previous large-scale trials have calculated their sample size expecting high retention but on average did not achieve this. We aimed to quantify the proportion of participants with a valid follow-up biopsy., Methods: We conducted a systematic review of MEDLINE and Embase until May 2020 and included randomized clinical trials of any intervention in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis with at least 1-year follow-up. We were guided by Cochrane methods to run a meta-analysis with generalized linear mixed models with random effects., Results: Forty-one trials (n = 6,695) were included. The proportion of participants with a valid follow-up biopsy was 82% (95%CI: 78%-86%, I2 = 92%). There was no evidence of a difference by location, trial length, or by allocated treatment group. Reasons for missing follow-up biopsies were, in ranked order, related to participants (95 per 1,000 participants (95%CI: 69-129, I2 = 92%), medical factors, protocol, trial conduct, and other/unclear. Biopsy-related serious adverse events occurred in 16 per 1,000 participants (95% CI: 8-33, I2 = 54%). No biopsy-related deaths were reported., Conclusions: The proportion of participants with a valid follow-up biopsy in therapeutic trials in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis is on average 82%, with around 1 in 10 participants declining a follow-up biopsy. These findings can inform adequately-powered trials., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Published: 2021
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30. Identifying and measuring the behavioural, dietary, and physical activity components of weight management consultations delivered by general practice nurses in routine care.

Author: Tong H, Morris E, Jebb SA, and Koutoukidis DA
Subjects: Behavior Therapy, Diet, Exercise, Humans, Referral and Consultation, General Practice, Nurses
Abstract: Background: Many people with obesity receive weight loss consultations by general practice nurses (GPNs) in routine primary care. This exploratory study aimed to characterise the components of these consultations, including behaviour change techniques (BCTs), and dietary and physical activity recommendations., Methods: We analysed audio recordings of weight management consultations conducted by 8 GPNs as part of the 'usual care' group in a randomised controlled trial (ISRCTN75092026). Consultations were coded against three taxonomies to classify BCTs, dietary recommendations, and physical activity recommendations. Associations between coded content and weight loss were assessed. Differences in the content of consultations where weight loss was < 5% or ≥ 5% from baseline weight at 6 months were explored., Results: One hundred and fifty audio recordings were available from 53 out of 140 (38%) participants in the usual care group. Participants had on average 3 (SD = 1) recorded consultations over 3 months, lasting 14 (SD = 7) minutes each. Weight change at 3, 6, and 12 months was -3.6% (SD = 4.3), -5.5% (SD = 6.0) and -4.2% (SD = 6.5) for participants with audio recordings. GPNs used 3.9 (SD = 1.6) of 93 BCTs, 3.3 (SD = 2.7) of 30 dietary recommendations and 1.4 (SD = 1.2) of 10 physical activity recommendations per consultation. The most commonly employed BCTs were feedback on outcome of behaviour (80.0%), problem solving (38.0%), and social reward (34.3%). The most common dietary recommendations were about portion size (31.3%), nutrients (28.0%), and balanced diet (19.7%). The main physical activity recommendation was about walking (30.3%). There was no association between weight loss and the number of dietary recommendations, physical activity recommendations, or BCTs used per consultation, or per participant. Social reward was the only technique used significantly more in consultations of participants that lost ≥ 5% of their baseline weight at 6 months., Conclusions: The study provides a new method that could be used to describe the content of weight management consultations. Specific dietary or physical activity recommendations and BCTs were used infrequently and inconsistently in this group of GPNs. Although replication is required in larger samples, this may point to a weakness in current practice.
Published: 2021
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31. The effect of the magnitude of weight loss on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: Koutoukidis DA, Koshiaris C, Henry JA, Noreik M, Morris E, Manoharan I, Tudor K, Bodenham E, Dunnigan A, Jebb SA, and Aveyard P
Subjects: Bariatric Surgery, Biomarkers blood, Databases, Factual, Humans, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease blood, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease diagnostic imaging, Severity of Illness Index, Alanine Transaminase blood, Aspartate Aminotransferases blood, Liver diagnostic imaging, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease diagnosis, Weight Loss physiology
Abstract: Background: Trials show that weight loss interventions improve biomarkers of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but it is unclear if a dose-response relationship exists., Objective: We aimed to quantify the dose-response relationship between the magnitude of weight loss and improvements in NAFLD., Methods: Nine databases and trial registries were searched until October 2020. Single-arm, non-randomized comparative, or randomized trials of weight loss interventions (behavioral weight loss programs [BWLPs], pharmacotherapy, or bariatric surgery) in people with NAFLD were eligible for inclusion if they reported an association between changes in weight and changes in blood, radiological, or histological biomarkers of liver disease. The review followed Cochrane methods and the risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Pooled unstandardized b coefficients were calculated using random-effect meta-analyses., Results: Forty-three studies (BWMPs: 26, pharmacotherapy: 9, surgery: 8) with 2809 participants were included. The median follow-up was 6 (interquartile range: 6) months. The direction of effect was generally consistent but the estimates imprecise. Every 1 kg of weight lost was associated with a 0.83-unit (95% CI: 0.53 to 1.14, p < 0.0001, I 2  = 92%, n = 18) reduction in alanine aminotransferase (U/L), a 0.56-unit (95% CI: 0.32 to 0.79, p < 0.0001, I 2  = 68%, n = 11) reduction in aspartate transaminase (U/L), and a 0.77 percentage point (95% CI: 0.51 to 1.03, p < 0.0001, I 2  = 72%, n = 11) reduction in steatosis assessed by radiology or histology. There was evidence of a dose-response relationship with liver inflammation, ballooning, and resolution of NAFLD or NASH, but limited evidence of a dose-response relationship with fibrosis or NAFLD activity score. On average, the risk of bias for selection and outcome was medium and low, respectively., Conclusion: Clinically significant improvements in NAFLD are achieved even with modest weight loss, but greater weight loss is associated with greater improvements. Embedding support for formal weight loss programs as part of the care pathway for the treatment of NAFLD could reduce the burden of disease., Prospero: CRD42018093676., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest DAK, PA, and SAJ report being investigators in an investigator-led NIHR-funded trial where the weight loss intervention was donated by Nestle Health Sciences to the University of Oxford outside the submitted work. PA has done half a day's consultancy for WW and has also given a talk at an academic conference on weight management in a seminar supported by Novo Nordisk. Both led to payments to the University of Oxford. SAJ spoke at a meeting on digital health hosted by Oviva for which expenses and an honorarium were paid to the University of Oxford. These associations did not lead to payments to them personally. The other authors have declared no competing interests., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2021
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32. Experience of Using an Online Pre-Ordering System for A Workplace Canteen That Offers Lower-Energy Swaps: A Think-Aloud Study.

Author: Breathnach S, Llewellyn CH, Koutoukidis DA, van Rugge CR, Sutherland A, and Lally P
Subjects: Adult, Choice Behavior, Female, Food Preferences, Humans, Lunch, Male, Menu Planning methods, Middle Aged, Personal Autonomy, Qualitative Research, Reminder Systems, Young Adult, Diet, Healthy, Energy Intake, Food Services, Online Systems, Workplace
Abstract: Online systems that allow employees to pre-order their lunch may help reduce energy intake. We investigated the acceptability of a pre-ordering website for a workplace canteen that prompts customers to swap to lower-energy swaps and the factors influencing swap acceptance. Employees ( n = 30) placed a hypothetical lunch order through a pre-ordering website designed for their canteen while thinking aloud. Semi-structured interview questions supported data collection. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Acceptability was generally high, but potentially context dependent. Practical considerations, such as reminders to pre-order, user-friendliness, provision of images of menu items and energy information while browsing, an ability to reserve pre-ordered meals, and a swift collection service facilitated acceptability. The restrictive timeframe within which orders could be placed, a lack of opportunity to see foods before ordering, and prompts to swap being perceived as threatening autonomy were barriers to acceptability. Swap acceptance was facilitated by the provision of physical activity calorie equivalents (PACE) information, and swap similarity in terms of taste, texture, and expected satiety as well as the perception that alternatives provided meaningful energy savings. Online canteen pre-ordering systems that prompt lower-energy swaps may be an acceptable approach to help reduce energy intake in the workplace.
Published: 2020
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33. Obesity, self-reported symptom severity, and quality of life in people with atrial fibrillation: A community-based cross-sectional survey.

Author: Koutoukidis DA, Jones NR, Taylor CJ, Casadei B, and Aveyard P
Subjects: Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Atrial Fibrillation epidemiology, Atrial Fibrillation physiopathology, Body Mass Index, Cross-Sectional Studies, England epidemiology, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity epidemiology, Obesity physiopathology, Severity of Illness Index, Atrial Fibrillation diagnosis, Obesity diagnosis, Quality of Life, Self Report, Symptom Assessment
Abstract: Background and Aims: Intentional weight loss may reduce symptom severity of atrial fibrillation (AF) in relatively young AF patients with overweight. We examined whether symptom severity and quality of life (QoL) are associated with weight status in the general population with AF., Methods and Results: Patients with electrocardiogram-confirmed AF completed validated questionnaires: the EuroQol 5 Dimensions QoL questionnaire and the Toronto Atrial Fibrillation Severity Scale (AFSS). The AFSS assessed the AF burden scoring on AF-related symptoms and the total AF burden measured as a combination of duration, frequency, and severity of an irregular heartbeat. Generalized liner models examined the association of body mass index (BMI) with AF severity and QoL adjusting for confounders. Between 2018 and 2019, 882 of 1901 (46%) mailed questionnaires were returned completed. Participants had a mean (SD) age of 74 (10) years old and a BMI of 27.4 (5.6) kg/m 2 . Sixteen percent reported having never experienced an irregular heartbeat. A 5 kg/m 2 higher BMI was associated with a 0.65 (95%CI: 0.25 to 1.06) higher symptom score, where 3 points represent a clinically relevant change in state. A 5 kg/m 2 higher BMI was associated with a -1.61 (95%CI: -2.72 to -0.50) lower QoL score. The coefficient of the total AF burden for a 5 kg/m 2 higher BMI was 0.17 (95% CI: -0.01 to 0.68)., Conclusion: BMI was positively associated with symptoms and negatively associated with one of the two measures of QoL, but not with the total AF burden. However, the strength of association was small and not clinically meaningful., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest DAK and PA report being investigators in a NIHR-funded trial where the weight loss intervention was donated by Nestle Health Sciences to the University of Oxford outside the submitted work. PA reports grants from Cambridge Weight Plan Ltd to the University of Oxford outside the submitted work. PA did half a day's consultancy for WW outside the submitted work and WW reimbursed his time to the University of Oxford. None of these association led to payments to them personally. The other authors report no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2020 The Italian Diabetes Society, the Italian Society for the Study of Atherosclerosis, the Italian Society of Human Nutrition and the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2020
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34. The adapted Zelen was a feasible design to trial exercise in myeloma survivors.

Author: Land J, McCourt O, Heinrich M, Beeken RJ, Koutoukidis DA, Paton B, Yong K, Hackshaw A, and Fisher A
Subjects: Cohort Studies, Feasibility Studies, Female, Humans, Informed Consent, Male, Multiple Myeloma psychology, Patient Satisfaction, Patient Selection, Random Allocation, Research Design, Cancer Survivors psychology, Exercise Therapy methods, Multiple Myeloma rehabilitation, Quality of Life psychology
Abstract: Objectives: We used a method rarely seen in cancer behavioral trials to explore methods of overcoming difficulties often seen in randomized controlled trials. We report our experiences of the adapted Zelen design, so that other researchers can consider this approach for behavioral trials., Study Design and Setting: The adapted Zelen design was used to explore the effects of exercise on multiple myeloma patients fatigue, quality of life, and physical outcomes. All participants consented to an observational cohort study of lifestyle factors but were unaware of subsequent randomization to remain in cohort only group or be offered an exercise intervention requiring second consent., Results: There was lower than expected uptake to the exercise offered group (57%), so the length of recruitment increased from 24 to 29 months to ensure power was reached. At enrollment, patients were unaware of the potential increased commitment, and as a result, 62% of participants allocated to the intervention declined because of the extra time/travel commitment required. This emulates clinical settings and suggests improvements in intervention delivery are required. Our findings suggest that the adapted Zelen design may be useful in limiting dropout of controls due to dissatisfaction from group allocation, or contamination of control arm., Conclusion: Future use of this design warrants careful consideration of the study resources and recruitment time frames required but holds potential value in reducing contamination, control group dissatisfaction, and resulting dropout. Adapted Zelen design reduces selection bias and therefore gives clinicians a better understanding of acceptability in clinical settings. Future studies should evaluate control group experiences of the design and formally record contamination throughout the study to confirm its acceptability., (Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2020
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35. Fatigue, quality of life and physical fitness following an exercise intervention in multiple myeloma survivors (MASCOT): an exploratory randomised Phase 2 trial utilising a modified Zelen design.

Author: Koutoukidis DA, Land J, Hackshaw A, Heinrich M, McCourt O, Beeken RJ, Philpott S, DeSilva D, Rismani A, Rabin N, Popat R, Kyriakou C, Papanikolaou X, Mehta A, Paton B, Fisher A, and Yong KL
Subjects: Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cancer Survivors, Cohort Studies, Exercise Therapy adverse effects, Fatigue etiology, Fatigue physiopathology, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Multiple Myeloma complications, Multiple Myeloma physiopathology, Quality of Life, Survivors, Exercise Therapy methods, Multiple Myeloma therapy, Physical Fitness physiology
Abstract: Background: Exercise may improve fatigue in multiple myeloma survivors, but trial evidence is limited, and exercise may be perceived as risky in this older patient group with osteolytic bone destruction., Methods: In this Phase 2 Zelen trial, multiple myeloma survivors who had completed treatment at least 6 weeks ago, or were on maintenance only, were enrolled in a cohort study and randomly assigned to usual care or a 6-month exercise programme of tailored aerobic and resistance training. Outcome assessors and usual care participants were masked. The primary outcome was the FACIT-F fatigue score with higher scores denoting less fatigue., Results: During 2014-2016, 131 participants were randomised 3:1 to intervention (n = 89) or usual care (n = 42) to allow for patients declining allocation to the exercise arm. There was no difference between groups in fatigue at 3 months (between-group mean difference: 1.6 [95% CI: -1.1-4.3]) or 6 months (0.3 [95% CI: -2.6-3.1]). Muscle strength improved at 3 months (8.4 kg [95% CI: 0.5-16.3]) and 6 months (10.8 kg [95% CI: 1.2-20.5]). Using per-protocol analysis, cardiovascular fitness improved at 3 months (+1.2 ml/kg/min [95% CI: 0.3-3.7]). In participants with clinical fatigue (n = 17), there was a trend towards less fatigue with exercise over 6 months (6.3 [95% CI: -0.6-13.3]). There were no serious adverse events., Conclusions: Exercise appeared safe and improved muscle strength and cardiovascular fitness, but benefits in fatigue appeared limited to participants with clinical fatigue at baseline. Future studies should focus on patients with clinical fatigue., Clinical Trial Registration: The study was registered with ISRCTN (38480455) and is completed.
Published: 2020
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36. The Effect of Moderate Weight Loss on a Non-Invasive Biomarker of Liver Fibrosis: A Randomised Controlled Trial.

Author: Koutoukidis DA, Jebb SA, Aveyard P, and Astbury NM
Subjects: Adult, Aged, Biomarkers analysis, Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Liver Cirrhosis metabolism, Liver Cirrhosis prevention & control, Male, Middle Aged, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease metabolism, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease pathology, Treatment Outcome, Biomarkers metabolism, Liver Cirrhosis diagnosis, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease diagnosis, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease therapy, Weight Loss physiology, Weight Reduction Programs
Abstract: Background: Referral to weight loss programmes is the only effective treatment for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Clinicians should advise weight loss and screen for liver fibrosis using the Enhanced Liver Fibrosis (ELF) score., Aim: To examine if the ELF score changes with weight loss., Design and Setting: Randomised controlled trial (ISRCTN85485463) in UK primary care during 2007-2008., Method: Adults with a BMI of 27-35 kg/m2 and ≥1 risk factor for obesity-related disease were randomised to attend a community weight loss programme (n = 45) or receive usual weight loss advice from a practice nurse (n = 28). Weight and the ELF score were measured at baseline and 1 year. Analysis of covariance examined mean changes in the ELF score between groups and its relationship with weight loss., Results: Mean (SD) BMI was 31.10 kg/m2 (2.55) with evidence of moderate levels of liver fibrosis at baseline (mean ELF score: 8.93 [0.99]). There was no evidence that the community weight loss programme reduced the ELF score compared with usual care (difference +0.13 points, 95% CI: -0.25 to 0.52) despite greater weight loss (difference: -2.66 kg, 95% CI: -5.02 to -0.30). Mean weight loss in the whole cohort was 7.8% (5.9). There was no evidence of an association between weight change and change in ELF; the coefficient for a 5% weight loss was -0.15 (95% CI: -0.30 to 0.0002)., Conclusion: We found no evidence that the ELF score changed meaningfully following moderate weight loss. Clinicians should not use the ELF score to measure improvements in NAFLD fibrosis following weight loss programmes., (© 2020 The Author(s) Published by S. Karger AG, Basel.)
Published: 2020
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37. Effects of weight stigma in news media on physical activity, dietary and weight loss intentions and behaviour.

Author: Lambert ER, Koutoukidis DA, and Jackson SE
Subjects: Adult, Body Weight, Diet methods, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, United Kingdom, Diet psychology, Exercise psychology, Health Behavior, Intention, Mass Media, Social Stigma, Weight Loss
Abstract: Objectives: To investigate the effect of weight stigma in news media on (a) intentions to increase physical activity (PA), improve diet quality and lose weight, and (b) changes in PA, diet quality and body mass index (BMI) over one month, in (i) women of all weight categories and (ii) a subsample of women living with obesity., Methods: UK-based women (N=172; subgroup with obesity N=81) were assigned to read an experimental (weight stigma; N=75) or control (smoking stigma; N=97) news article. Questionnaires were administered immediately after, and one month subsequently to collect information on BMI, PA, diet quality, intentions, past stigma, and diet and PA self-efficacy. Logistic and linear regression analyses were used to assess the effect of weight stigma on all outcome variables., Results: In the whole sample, there was no significant effect of weight stigma on any primary or secondary outcome. In women with obesity, there was no significant effect of weight stigma on diet quality (0.26 units, 95% CI: -0.36 to 0.87) or PA (-1.83 units, 95% CI: -11.11 to 7.44) at follow up, but exposure to weight stigma was associated with a significant increase in BMI at 1-month follow-up (1.15kg/m 2 , 95% CI: 0.38 to 1.92) compared with the control group., Conclusions: In people with obesity, exposure to weight-stigmatising media may contribute to increased BMI over time. Larger trials with longer follow-up are needed to confirm these findings., (Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
Published: 2019
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38. Association of Weight Loss Interventions With Changes in Biomarkers of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Author: Koutoukidis DA, Astbury NM, Tudor KE, Morris E, Henry JA, Noreik M, Jebb SA, and Aveyard P
Abstract: Importance: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects about 25% of adults worldwide and is associated with obesity. Weight loss may improve biomarkers of liver disease, but its implications have not been systematically reviewed and quantified., Objective: To estimate the association of weight loss interventions with biomarkers of liver disease in NAFLD., Data Sources: MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases along with 3 trial registries were searched from inception through January 2019., Study Selection: Randomized clinical trials of people with NAFLD were included if they compared any intervention aiming to reduce weight (behavioral weight loss programs [BWLPs], pharmacotherapy, and surgical procedures) with no or lower-intensity weight loss intervention. The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines., Data Extraction and Synthesis: Two independent reviewers screened the studies, extracted the data, and assessed the risk of bias using the Cochrane tool. Pooled mean differences or odds ratios (ORs) were obtained from random-effects meta-analyses., Main Outcomes and Measures: Blood, radiologic, and histologic biomarkers of liver disease., Results: Twenty-two studies with 2588 participants (with a mean [SD] age of 45 [14] years and with approximately 66% male) were included. Fifteen studies tested BWLPs, 6 tested pharmacotherapy, and 1 tested a surgical procedure. The median (interquartile range) intervention duration was 6 (3-8) months. Compared with no or lower-intensity weight loss interventions, more-intensive weight loss interventions were statistically significantly associated with greater weight change (-3.61 kg; 95% CI, -5.11 to -2.12; I2 = 95%). Weight loss interventions were statistically significantly associated with improvements in biomarkers, including alanine aminotransferase (-9.81 U/L; 95% CI, -13.12 to -6.50; I2 = 97%), histologically or radiologically measured liver steatosis (standardized mean difference: -1.48; 95% CI, -2.27 to -0.70; I2 = 94%), histologic NAFLD activity score (-0.92; 95% CI, -1.75 to -0.09; I2 = 95%), and presence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (OR, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.04-0.49; I2 = 0%). No statistically significant change in histologic liver fibrosis was found (-0.13; 95% CI, -0.54 to 0.27; I2 = 68%). Twelve studies were at high risk of bias in at least 1 domain. In a sensitivity analysis of the 3 trials at low risk of bias, the estimates and precision of most outcomes did not materially change., Conclusions and Relevance: The trials, despite some heterogeneity, consistently showed evidence of the association between weight loss interventions and improved biomarkers of liver disease in NAFLD in the short to medium term, although evidence on long-term health outcomes was limited. These findings appear to support the need to change the clinical guidelines and to recommend formal weight loss programs for people with NAFLD.
Published: 2019
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39. Prominent positioning and food swaps are effective interventions to reduce the saturated fat content of the shopping basket in an experimental online supermarket: a randomized controlled trial.

Author: Koutoukidis DA, Jebb SA, Ordóñez-Mena JM, Noreik M, Tsiountsioura M, Kennedy S, Payne-Riches S, Aveyard P, and Piernas C
Subjects: Adult, Diet statistics & numerical data, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Consumer Behavior statistics & numerical data, Dietary Fats, Food Preferences, Health Promotion methods
Abstract: Background: Interventions to reduce the saturated fat (SFA) content of food purchases may help reduce SFA consumption and lower cardiovascular risk. This factorial RCT aimed to examine the effect of altering the default order of foods and being offered a swap on the SFA content of food selected during an online shopping experiment., Methods: UK adults who were the primary grocery shoppers for their household were recruited online and invited to select items in a custom-made experimental online supermarket using a 10-item shopping list. Participants were randomly allocated to one of four groups (i) to see products within a category ranked in ascending order of SFA content, (ii) receive an offer to swap to a product with less SFA, (iii) a combination of both interventions, or (iv) no intervention. The primary outcome was the difference in percentage energy from SFA in the shopping basket between any of the four groups. The outcome assessors and statistician were blinded to intervention allocation., Results: Between March and July 2018, 1240 participants were evenly randomised and 1088 who completed the task were analysed (88%). Participants were 65% female and aged 38y (SD 12). Compared with no intervention (n = 275) where the percentage energy from SFA was 25.7% (SD 5.6%), altering the order of foods (n = 261) reduced SFA by [mean difference (95%CI)] -5.0% (- 6.3 to - 3.6) and offering swaps (n = 279) by - 2.0% (- 3.3 to - 0.6). The combined intervention (n = 273) was significantly more effective than swaps alone (- 3.4% (- 4.7 to - 2.1)) but not different than altering the order alone (- 0.4% (- 1.8 to 0.9)), p = 0.04 for interaction., Conclusions: Altering the default order to show foods in ascending order of SFA and offering a swap with lower SFA reduced percentage energy from SFA in an experimental online supermarket. Environmental-level interventions, such as altering the default order, may be a more promising way to improve food purchasing than individual-level ones, such as offering swaps., Trial Registration: ISRCTN13729526 https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN13729526 26th February 2018.
Published: 2019
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40. Diet, physical activity, and health-related outcomes of endometrial cancer survivors in a behavioral lifestyle program: the Diet and Exercise in Uterine Cancer Survivors (DEUS) parallel randomized controlled pilot trial.

Author: Koutoukidis DA, Beeken RJ, Manchanda R, Burnell M, Ziauddeen N, Michalopoulou M, Knobf MT, and Lanceley A
Subjects: Diet, Exercise, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Quality of Life, Behavior Therapy methods, Cancer Survivors, Endometrial Neoplasms rehabilitation, Health Behavior
Abstract: Objectives: To explore the effectiveness of a theory-based behavioral lifestyle intervention on health behaviors and quality of life in endometrial cancer survivors.', Methods: This was a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled pilot trial conducted in two UK hospitals enrolling disease-free stage I-IVA endometrial cancer survivors. Participants were allocated to an 8-week group-based healthy eating and physical activity intervention or usual care using 1:1 minimization. Participants were followed up at 8 and 24 weeks, with the 8-week assessment being blinded. Diet, physical activity, and quality of life were measured with the Alternative Healthy Eating Index 2010, Stanford 7-Day Physical Activity Recall, and the EORTC Quality of life Questionnaire Core 30, respectively. We analyzed all eligible participants using the intention-to-treat approach in complete cases, adjusting for baseline values, body mass index, and age., Results: We enrolled 60 of the 296 potentially eligible endometrial cancer survivors (May - December 2015). Fifty-four eligible participants were randomized to the intervention (n=29) or usual care (n=31), and 49 had complete follow-up data (n=24 in the intervention and n= 25 in usual care). Intervention adherence was 77%. At 8 weeks, participants in the intervention improved their diet compared to usual care (difference in Alternative Healthy Eating Index 2010 score 7.5 (95% CI: 0.1 to 14.9), P=0.046) but not their physical activity (0.1 metabolic equivalent-h/day 95% CI: (-1.6 to 1.8), P=0.879), or global quality of life score (5.0 (95% CI: -3.4 to 13.3), P=0.236). Global quality of life improved in intervention participants at 24 weeks (difference 8.9 (95% CI: 0.9 to 16.8), P=0.029). No intervention-related adverse events were reported., Conclusions: The potential effectiveness of the intervention appeared promising. A future fully-powered study is needed to confirm these findings., Trial Registration Number: NCT02433080., Competing Interests: Competing interests: DAK and RJB are volunteers for the charity Weight Concern, which developed the 'Shape-Up' program for the general population., (© IGCS and ESGO 2019. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)
Published: 2019
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41. Breast, Prostate, and Colorectal Cancer Survivors' Experiences of Using Publicly Available Physical Activity Mobile Apps: Qualitative Study.

Author: Roberts AL, Potts HW, Koutoukidis DA, Smith L, and Fisher A
Subjects: Adult, Aged, Breast Neoplasms psychology, Breast Neoplasms rehabilitation, Cancer Survivors statistics & numerical data, Colorectal Neoplasms psychology, Colorectal Neoplasms rehabilitation, Female, Humans, Interviews as Topic statistics & numerical data, Male, Middle Aged, Mobile Applications standards, Mobile Applications statistics & numerical data, Neoplasms rehabilitation, Prostatic Neoplasms psychology, Prostatic Neoplasms rehabilitation, Qualitative Research, Cancer Survivors psychology, Exercise psychology, Life Change Events, Neoplasms psychology
Abstract: Background: Physical activity (PA) can improve a range of outcomes following a cancer diagnosis. These include an improvement in experience of side effects of treatment (eg, fatigue) and management of comorbid conditions. PA might also increase survival and reduce recurrence. Digital interventions have shown potential for PA promotion among cancer survivors, but most in a previous review were Web-based, and few studies used mobile apps. There are many PA apps available for general public use, but it is unclear whether these are suitable as a PA intervention after a cancer diagnosis., Objective: This study sought posttreatment nonmetastatic breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer survivors' opinions of using smartphone apps to promote PA and gathered their views on existing publicly available PA apps to inform a future intervention., Methods: Each participant was randomly assigned to download 2 of 4 apps (Human, The Walk, The Johnson & Johnson Official 7 Minute Workout, and Gorilla Workout). Participants used each app for 1 week consecutively. In-depth semistructured telephone interviews were then conducted to understand participants' experiences of using the apps and how app-based PA interventions could be developed for cancer survivors. The interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis., Results: Thirty-two participants took part: 50% (16/32) had prostate cancer, 25% (8/32) had breast cancer, and 25% (8/32) had colorectal cancer. Three core themes were identified. The first theme was that multiple factors affect engagement with PA apps and this is highly personalized. Factors affecting engagement included participants' perceptions of (1) the advantages and disadvantages of using apps to support PA, (2) the relevance of the app to the user (eg, in terms of cancer-related factors, their PA goals, the difficulty level of the app, the way in which they interact with their mobile phone, and the extent to which the app fits with their self-identity), (3) the quality of the app (eg, usability, accuracy, quality of production, and scientific evidence-base), and (4) the behavior change techniques used to promote PA. In the second theme, participants recommended that apps that promote walking are most appealing, as walking removes many barriers to PA. Finally, the participants suggested that PA apps should be integrated into cancer care, as they valued guidance and recommendations from health care professionals., Conclusions: This sample of breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer survivors was receptive to the use of apps to promote PA. Although no publicly available PA app was deemed wholly suitable, many suggestions for adaptation and intervention development were provided. The results can inform the development of an app-based PA intervention for cancer survivors. They also highlight the wide-ranging and dynamic influences on engagement with digital interventions, which can be applied to other evaluations of mobile health products in other health conditions and other health behaviors., (©Anna L Roberts, Henry WW Potts, Dimitrios A Koutoukidis, Lee Smith, Abigail Fisher. Originally published in JMIR Mhealth and Uhealth (http://mhealth.jmir.org), 04.01.2019.)
Published: 2019
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42. Lifestyle advice to cancer survivors: a qualitative study on the perspectives of health professionals.

Author: Koutoukidis DA, Lopes S, Fisher A, Williams K, Croker H, and Beeken RJ
Subjects: Adult, Aged, Female, Health Personnel, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Male, Middle Aged, Qualitative Research, Risk Reduction Behavior, Surveys and Questionnaires, United Kingdom, Attitude of Health Personnel, Cancer Survivors, Health Behavior, Life Style
Abstract: Objectives: Adoption of healthy lifestyle behaviours has shown promising effectiveness in reducing the high morbidity burden of cancer survivors. Health professionals (HPs) are well suited to provide lifestyle advice but few survivors report receiving guidance from them. This study aimed to explore HPs' perspective of lifestyle advice (on healthy eating, physical activity, smoking, and alcohol) for cancer survivors., Design: In-depth semistructured qualitative interviews were conducted by telephone or face to face. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis., Setting and Participants: Twenty-one UK HPs working in secondary care with breast, prostate or colorectal cancer survivors were interviewed., Results: The overarching theme was that HPs' desire to provide lifestyle advice was not necessarily matched by knowledge and action. Three main themes were identified: (1) survivorship-centred barriers to provision, (2) HP-centred barriers to provision, and (3) optimal delivery of lifestyle advice. Results suggested that HPs' perceptions of survivors' current status of practising health behaviours, their perceived socioeconomic barriers and ability to practise health behaviours, and HPs' fear for potential loss of connection with the patient influenced provision of lifestyle advice. Further factors included HPs' knowledge of healthy lifestyle guidelines, feeling that they were not the 'right person' to provide advice, and lack of time and resources. HPs stressed that the optimal delivery of lifestyle advice should (1) be tailored to the individual and delivered throughout the cancer journey, (2) be focused on small and achievable changes framed as part of their treatment regimen and (3) be cost-effective for wide-scale implementation., Conclusions: Incorporation of the identified barriers when developing HP training programmes and lifestyle interventions could increase the probability of successful behavioural change, and thus improve outcomes for cancer survivors., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2018. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.)
Published: 2018
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43. Use of intervention mapping to adapt a health behavior change intervention for endometrial cancer survivors: the shape-up following cancer treatment program.

Author: Koutoukidis DA, Lopes S, Atkins L, Croker H, Knobf MT, Lanceley A, and Beeken RJ
Subjects: Cancer Survivors statistics & numerical data, Diet psychology, Evidence-Based Practice, Exercise psychology, Female, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Healthy Lifestyle, Humans, Obesity prevention & control, Overweight prevention & control, Cancer Survivors psychology, Endometrial Neoplasms therapy, Health Behavior, Health Promotion methods
Abstract: Background: About 80% of endometrial cancer survivors (ECS) are overweight or obese and have sedentary behaviors. Lifestyle behavior interventions are promising for improving dietary and physical activity behaviors, but the constructs associated with their effectiveness are often inadequately reported. The aim of this study was to systematically adapt an evidence-based behavior change program to improve healthy lifestyle behaviors in ECS., Methods: Following a review of the literature, focus groups and interviews were conducted with ECS (n = 16). An intervention mapping protocol was used for the program adaptation, which consisted of six steps: a needs assessment, formulation of matrices of change objectives, selection of theoretical methods and practical applications, program production, adoption and implementation planning, and evaluation planning. Social Cognitive Theory and Control Theory guided the adaptation of the intervention., Results: The process consisted of eight 90-min group sessions focusing on shaping outcome expectations, knowledge, self-efficacy, and goals about healthy eating and physical activity. The adapted performance objectives included establishment of regular eating, balanced diet, and portion sizes, reduction in sedentary behaviors, increase in lifestyle and organized activities, formulation of a discrepancy-reducing feedback loop for all above behaviors, and trigger management. Information on managing fatigue and bowel issues unique to ECS were added., Conclusions: Systematic intervention mapping provided a framework to design a cancer survivor-centered lifestyle intervention. ECS welcomed the intervention and provided essential feedback for its adaptation. The program has been evaluated through a randomized controlled trial.
Published: 2018
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44. Attitudes, challenges and needs about diet and physical activity in endometrial cancer survivors: a qualitative study.

Author: Koutoukidis DA, Beeken RJ, Lopes S, Knobf MT, and Lanceley A
Subjects: Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Focus Groups, Health Services Needs and Demand, Humans, Information Seeking Behavior, Middle Aged, Qualitative Research, Quality of Life, United Kingdom, Attitude to Health, Cancer Survivors psychology, Diet, Endometrial Neoplasms psychology, Exercise, Healthy Lifestyle
Abstract: With rates of endometrial cancer survival increasing, there is growing interest about lifestyle behaviours that could improve quality of life and reduce the risk for chronic diseases. This study aimed to explore the attitudes, challenges and needs of endometrial cancer survivors regarding diet and physical activity. Sixteen UK-based endometrial cancer survivors participated in two focus groups (n = 5, n = 3) or individual telephone interviews (n = 8), using a semi-structured interview guide. Data were collectively analysed by two researchers until consensus was reached on a coding structure. Data analysis proceeded until themes were identified. Participants were within 5 years post-cancer treatment with median age and BMI of 57 years and 25.8 kg m -2 respectively. Three themes were identified: (1) defining a healthy lifestyle, (2) factors influencing diet and physical activity and (3) needing to search for information. Results suggest interventions should incorporate recommendations on managing late-treatment effects, and behaviour change techniques for cognitive, practical and social barriers to healthy lifestyle changes. Healthcare professionals are in a vital position to provide or introduce endometrial cancer survivors to in-person behaviour change interventions at the early post-treatment period., (© 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Published: 2017
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45. Recruitment, adherence, and retention of endometrial cancer survivors in a behavioural lifestyle programme: the Diet and Exercise in Uterine Cancer Survivors (DEUS) parallel randomised pilot trial.

Author: Koutoukidis DA, Beeken RJ, Manchanda R, Michalopoulou M, Burnell M, Knobf MT, and Lanceley A
Subjects: Adult, Endometrial Neoplasms psychology, Female, Health Behavior, Humans, Pilot Projects, Quality of Life, Self Care, Single-Blind Method, Social Support, Cancer Survivors psychology, Endometrial Neoplasms therapy, Exercise, Healthy Lifestyle, Patient Compliance statistics & numerical data, Patient Selection
Abstract: Objective: Healthy eating and physical activity may help endometrial cancer survivors (ECS) improve their quality of life. However, most ECS do not meet the relevant guidelines. This pilot trial aimed to test the study feasibility procedures for a definitive trial of a behavioural lifestyle programme., Design and Setting: This 24-week parallel two-arm randomised pilot trial took place in two hospitals in London, UK (April 2015-June 2016)., Participants: Sixty disease-free ECS within 3 years of diagnosis., Interventions: Participants were randomised using minimisation to receive the intervention or care as usual. The 'Shape-Up following cancer treatment' programme used self-monitoring, goal-setting, self-incentives, problem-solving and group social support for 12 hours over 8 weeks to help survivors improve their eating and physical activity., Outcome Measures: The main outcome measures were recruitment, adherence, and retention rates. Further outcomes included barriers to participation and feedback on programme satisfaction., Results: Of the 296 potentially eligible ECS, 20% (n=60) were randomly allocated to the active intervention (n=29) or control group (n=31). Three participants in each arm were deemed ineligible after randomisation and excluded from analysis. Twenty participants (77%; 95% CI 61% to 93%) adhered to the intervention and provided generally favourable feedback. At 24 weeks, 25/26 (96%; 95% CI 89% to 100%) intervention and 24/28 (86%; 95% CI 73% to 99%) control participants completed their assessment. No intervention-related adverse events were reported. Among eligible survivors who declined study participation (n=83), inconvenience (78%; 95% CI 69% to 87%) was the most common barrier., Conclusions: The trial was feasible to deliver based on the a priori feasibility criteria. Enhancing recruitment and adherence in a definitive trial will require designs that promote convenience and consider ECS-reported barriers., Trial Registration Number: NCT02433080; Pre-results., Trial Funding: University College London, St. Bartholomew's Hospital Nurses League, and NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre., Competing Interests: Competing interests: DAK and RJB are volunteers for the charity Weight Concern, which developed the original Shape-Up programme for the general population. All other authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (© Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2017. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.)
Published: 2017
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46. Erratum to: Diet and exercise in uterine cancer survivors (DEUS pilot) - piloting a healthy eating and physical activity program: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Author: Koutoukidis DA, Beeken RJ, Manchanda R, Burnell M, Knobf MT, and Lanceley A
Published: 2017
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47. Obesity, diet, physical activity, and health-related quality of life in endometrial cancer survivors.

Author: Koutoukidis DA, Knobf MT, and Lanceley A
Subjects: Female, Health Behavior, Humans, Life Style, Smoking, Diet, Endometrial Neoplasms complications, Exercise, Fatigue etiology, Obesity complications, Quality of Life, Survivors
Abstract: Obesity, low-quality diet, and inactivity are all prevalent among survivors of endometrial cancer. The present review was conducted to assess whether these characteristics are associated with health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Electronic databases, conference abstracts, and reference lists were searched, and researchers were contacted for preliminary results of ongoing studies. The quality of the methodology and reporting was evaluated using appropriate checklists. Standardized mean differences were calculated, and data were synthesized narratively. Eight of the 4385 reports retrieved from the literature were included in the analysis. Four of the 8 studies were cross-sectional, 1 was retrospective, 1 was prospective, and 2 were randomized controlled trials. Obesity was negatively associated with overall HRQoL in 4 of 4 studies and with physical well-being in 6 of 6 studies, while it was positively associated with fatigue in 2 of 4 studies. Meeting the recommendations for being physically active, eating a diet high in fruit and vegetables, and abstaining from smoking were positively associated with overall HRQoL in 2 of 2 studies, with physical well-being in 2 of 3 studies, and with fatigue in 1 of 3 studies. Improvements in fatigue and physical well-being were evident after lifestyle interventions. The findings indicate a healthy lifestyle is positively associated with HRQoL in this population, but the number of studies is limited. Additional randomized controlled trials to test effective and practical interventions promoting a healthy lifestyle in survivors of endometrial cancer are warranted., (© The Author(s) 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Life Sciences Institute.)
Published: 2015
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