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Objectives: To evaluate the impact of selecting treatment for nasal obstruction on the basis of a structured physiology-based assessment protocol on patient outcomes., Design: Prospective longitudinal study., Setting: District general hospital., Participants: A population of 71 patients with a mean age of 33 years, containing 36 males, presented with nasal obstruction for consideration of nasal surgery. All patients underwent a structured clinical assessment, skin prick allergy testing and oral-nasal flow-volume loop examination. Fifty-one patients completed the follow-up, and mean follow-up was 11 months., Main Outcome Measures: NOSE, SNOT-22 and NASION scales., Results: Of the 51 patients who completed follow-up, six had conservative treatment, 28 had septal/turbinate surgery, and 17 underwent nasal valve surgery. Mean NOSE score fell from 68 ± 18 to 39 ± 31 following the treatment. Mean SNOT-22 score fell from 47 ± 20 to 29 ± 26 following the treatment. The difference between pre-treatment and post-treatment NOSE and SNOT-22 scores were statistically significant. Success rate of septal/turbinate surgery in patients without nasal allergy was 88%, and this fell to 42% in patients undergoing septal/turbinate surgery who also had nasal allergy. Presence of nasal allergy was the only independent predictor of treatment failure. Patients with nasal valve surgery reported significantly greater symptomatic improvement following surgery. The newly formed NASION scale demonstrated internal consistency with a Cronbach α of 0.9 and excellent change-responsiveness and convergent validity with correlation coefficients of 0.64 and 0.77 against treatment-related changes in SNOT-22 and NOSE scales, respectively., Conclusions: Successful surgical outcomes can be achieved with the use of a structured history, clinical evaluation and physiological testing. Flow-volume loops can help elucidate the cause of nasal obstruction. The newly formed NASION scale is a validated retrospective single time-point patient outcome measure., (© 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Objective/hypothesis: The study's objective was to determine the utility of expiratory disproportion index (EDI), the ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) to peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) (EDI = FEV1[L] /PEFR[L/s] × 100), in differentiating between laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS) and other respiratory diagnoses. LTS is an uncommon complication of mechanical ventilation or vasculitis or a manifestation of airway compression or malignancy. It frequently masquerades as asthma and evades timely diagnosis, causing prolonged morbidity and airway-related mortality., Study Design: Observational study., Methods: We compared spirometry results of 9,357 healthy subjects and nonstenosis pulmonary patients with 217 cases of LTS. Bootstrap analysis, receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) statistics, and Pearson correlation were used to assess the diagnostic utility of the EDI and its correlation with stenosis severity., Results: Mean EDI values were 36 ± 7 in nonstenosis cases, 76 ± 17 in benign stenoses, and 69 ± 23 in tracheal cancer (P < .0001). A significant correlation existed between anatomic stenosis severity and EDI (P < .0001; R = 0.61). Area under the ROC curve was 0.98, and at a threshold of >50, EDI had a sensitivity of 95.9% and a specificity of 94.2% in differentiating between stenosis and nonstenosis cases., Conclusions: EDI can reliably diagnose LTS using routine lung function data. Its simplicity and clinical utility, first recognized by Duncan Empey, are underpinned by a unique physiology whereby PEFR, being determined by total tracheobronchial tree resistance, falls disproportionately compared with FEV1 , which is determined within small intrathoracic airways. EDI provides valuable information about the presence and extent of LTS particularly in nonspecialist clinical settings and its routine inclusion within standard lung function reports could prevent the prolonged morbidity and mortality that currently result from missed and delayed diagnoses., (Copyright © 2013 The American Laryngological, Rhinological and Otological Society, Inc.)

Objectives: To validate the Clinical Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Questionnaire (CCQ), a patient-administered instrument developed for bronchopulmonary disease as a disease-specific psychophysical outcome measure for adult laryngotracheal stenosis., Design: Prospective observational study., Settings: Tertiary/National referral airway reconstruction centre., Participants: Thirty-three tracheostomy-free patients undergoing endoscopic laryngotracheoplasty., Main Outcome Measures: CCQ and the Medical Research Council (MRC) Dyspnoea scale, a previously validated but more limited scale, were administered to patients 2 weeks before surgery, preoperatively, and 2 weeks after endoscopic laryngotracheoplasty. Pulmonary function was assessed preoperatively. Internal consistency was assessed with Cronbach alpha statistics and test-retest reliability was determined using intraclass correlation. Correlations between CCQ and MRC scale, and pulmonary function were used to assess convergent and divergent validity respectively. Instrument responsiveness was assessed by correlating total and domain-specific CCQ scores with anatomical disease severity and post-treatment effect size., Results: There were 12 males and 21 females. Mean age was 44 +/- 15 years. Cronbach alpha coefficient and intraclass correlation coefficient were 0.88 and 0.95 respectively. Total and domain-specific CCQ scores significantly correlated with the MRC scores (P < 0.001) and significant correlations between CCQ and peak expiratory flow rate and FEV(1) were identified (P < 0.03). There were statistically significant changes in total and domain-specific CCQ scores when different stenosis severities were compared. Clinical COPD Questionnaire scores also changed significantly and congruently following surgery (P < 0.05 in both cases)., Discussion: Clinical COPD Questionnaire is a valid and sensitive instrument for assessing symptom severity and levels of function and well-being in adult patients with laryngotracheal stenosis and can be used as a patient-centred disease-specific outcome measure for this condition.