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Abstract Over the last few decades, important advances have been made in the development of relevant hydrogeological conceptual models for crystalline aquifers, and notably for weathered-fractured crystalline aquifers. Paradoxically and contrary to other types of aquifers, these researches never aimed at characterizing springs, the places were groundwater naturally outflows from such aquifers. With such an objective, our methodological approach consisted first of a lithological and hydrogeological description of the aquifer system based on borehole data and outcrops in a representative weathered-fractured crystalline aquifer (Daloa, Ivory Coast). Next, electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) has been used (after validating the appropriate inversion method) to provide the imagery of the weathering profile both below the plateaus and in the valleys where the springs outflow. Piezometric and river discharge data were also processed notably to determine the direction of groundwater flow. Results demonstrate unambiguously that the isalterites aquifer supplies the springs, and that the underlying fractured layer is not directly implied in this supply. ERT combined with borehole and field lithological data also shows that the lateritic formations (alloterites) present near surface below the plateaus, as well as the upper part of the isalterites, were eroded in the valleys, but not deep enough to let the fractured layer outcrop. This conceptual model for springs not only provides a basis for characterizing such complex aquifers, but also provides technical guidance for spring catchment and groundwater protection in these crystalline areas.

ABSTRACT: The idea of a poetics of “ivoironie” offers new perspectives of analysis to Ivorian literary works. Indeed, since the advent of musical genres such as Zouglou in 1990 and coupé-décalé in 2000, Ivorian literature, in general, and Ivorian poetry, in particular, have been militating in favor of cultural rehabilitation and identity. Thus, the various literary works present in their textual materiality, many Ivorianisms and social symbols that deserve to be taken into account in the construction of meaning. Such reading issues are the basis of the poetics of Ivorianism, which is an extension of sociological theories of literature (sociocriticism, sociopoetics, semiostylistic, etc.). From this poetics of “ivoironie”, we will question the poetry of Toh Bi in order to construct its meaning. RÉSUMÉ : L’idée d’une poétique de l’ivoironie offre de nouvelles perspectives d’analyse aux œuvres littéraires ivoiriennes. En effet, depuis l’avènement des genres musicaux tels que le Zouglou en 1990 et le coupé décalé en 2000, la littérature ivoirienne, en général, et la poésie ivoirienne, en particulier, militent en faveur de la réhabilitation culturelle et identitaire. Ainsi, les différentes œuvres littéraires présentent dans leurs matérialités textuelles, de nombreux ivoirismes et symboles sociaux qui méritent d’être pris en compte dans la construction du sens. De tels enjeux de lecture fondent la poétique de l’ivoironie qui s’inscrit dans le prolongement des théories sociologiques de la littérature (la sociocritique, la sociopoétique, la sémiostylistique etc.) A l’aune de cette poétique de l’ivoironie, nous interrogerons la poésie de Toh Bi afin d’en construire le sens.

Climate change is a serious threat to local communities in West Africa. This study evaluated climatic trends and the perceptions of farmers to climate change in central Côte d’Ivoire. We surveyed 259 households across three agro-ecological zones. The knowledge of farmers about climate change was compared to observed trends of various climatic parameters from meteorological records (1973-2016). Results from trend analysis and descriptive analysis showed that the minimum, maximum and mean temperatures and rainfall showed a significant upward trend in all ecoregions. The average temperature and amount of rainfall increased by 3.2% (0.89°C) and 166.58% (645.5 mm) respectively over the 44 years. Local farmers perceived an increasing trend in temperature (all respondents) and a decreasing trend in rainfall (91.51%). Most of the respondents identified deforestation (76.83%), natural climate variation (50.97%) and wildfires (31.27%) as the main causes of these climatic disturbances, which induced plant dieback (92.66%), poor crop growth (59.46%) and crop loss (20.46%). The impacts on people and their assets encompassed a decrease in household income (63.71%), demolition of roofs (44..4%) and walls (43.91%) of houses, the scarcity of water points (39.38%) and the emergence of new diseases (30.89%). These climatic disturbances resulted in specific endogenous on-farm and off-farm strategies to adapt to the impacts of observed changes on their livelihoods.

Background: ALRIV, a simple, reliable, inexpensive and easily reproducible technique, is still little practised in sub-Saharan Africa. The objective of this study is to describe our practice in order to popularize this anesthetic technique. Methods: This was a prospective and descriptive study covering a 12-month period. All patients admitted for surgical management of upper limb except the arm and lower limb except the thigh were included. The parameters studied were epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic, anaesthetic and evolutionary. Results: We selected 73 patients out of 675 (10.81%). The majority of the patients were seen in the framework of a regulated surgery against only 13.69% in emergency. The operative indications were: removal of osteosynthesis materials (52.05%), limb osteosynthesis (43.83%) and phlegmon evacuation (4.10%). The double tourniquet technique was used in (93.15%). Lidocaine 0.5% was used at a dose of 0.5ml/kg. The average duration of the procedures was 57.28 minutes. Postoperatively, all our patients received multimodal analgesia. In the postoperative monitoring room, 64.38% of patients did not experience any discomfort or pain. Conclusion: ALRIV is a simple technique of peripheral local anaesthesia that is easy to teach, consistently effective and inexpensive.

Background: To evaluate the satisfaction of patients operated under spinal anaesthesia and to identify its determinants. Methods: We conducted a prospective analytical study in the hospital wards of the gynaecology-obstetrics, general surgery and traumatology departments of the Yopougon University Hospital in Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire) over a period of 5 months from February to June 2019. Results: At the end of the study, 156 patients were selected. The mean age was 38.89±14.28 years with extremes of 19 and 72 years and a sex ratio of 0.8. The unemployed represented 20.41% of the total number of patients. The types of intervention were dominated by caesarean sections with 53.21% of patients. All our patients had a pre-anaesthetic consultation which was carried out by an anaesthetist, however 44.23% were dissatisfied due to anxiety. During the operation, nausea and vomiting were the main sources of discomfort for 25% of patients. Thirst, hunger and pain were the most common discomforts encountered in the ICU by 40.38%, 42.31% and 36.52% respectively. The determinants of dissatisfaction were age over 45 years, female gender of patients. Osteosynthesis of the femur and osteotomy of the tibial plateau were significantly associated with a reduction in dissatisfaction. Conclusion: Several causes of dissatisfaction remain during spinal anaesthesia. Their management would allow to improve the comfort of our patients, thus the quality of care.

INTRODUCTION: la tuberculose ostéoarticulaire (TOA) représente 2 à 5 % de l'ensemble des tuberculoses .Elle demeure d'actualité surtout dans les pays à forte endémicité tuberculeuse. L'objectif était de déterminer la prévalence, les aspects topographiques, radiologiques de la TOA en milieu hospitalier ivoirien. METHODES: les auteurs rapportent une expérience de 11 ans, à travers une étude rétrospective de 120 dossiers de patients atteints de la tuberculose ostéoarticulaire (le mal de Pott est exclu de cette étude).N'ont pas été inclus dans l'étude les dossiers ne comportant pas d'imagerie. RESULTATS: l'atteinte extra vertébrale représentait 09,2% de la tuberculose ostéoarticulaire. Il s'agissait de 54 hommes et 66 femmes, l'âge moyen était de 43,13 ans. On notait 123 cas d'ostéoarthrites, et 8 cas d'ostéites des os plats. L'atteinte des membres inférieurs prédominait dans 91,87% des cas. La hanche était la première localisation (45,04%), suivie du genou (25,19%). Les atteintes étaient multifocales dans 20% des cas. L'atteinte osseuse était associée à une tuberculose pulmonaire dans 05,83% des cas. Des localisations inhabituelles ont été rapportées : poignet (n=2), branches ischiopubiennes (n=4), atteinte sternoclaviculaire (n=4), médiopieds (n=2). Les lésions radiologiques étaient avancées (stades III et IV) dans 55,73% des cas. A la TDM, la prévalence des abcès était de 77%. Un geste chirurgical a été réalisé sur 16 articulations (2 épaules, 13 genoux, une cheville). CONCLUSION: la TOA des membres est peu fréquente contrairement à l'atteinte vertébrale. La hanche est la principale localisation. Le retard au diagnostic explique l'étendue des lésions anatomoradiologiques.

La tuberculose de l'épaule est une localisation rare de même que l'arthrite septique à Enterobacter cloacae, les auteurs rapportent un cas d'ostéoarthrite de l'épaule à Bacille de Koch et à E. Cloacae chez une patiente de 36 ans avec un terrain particulier (drépanocytose SC et infection à VIH). Le diagnostic a été possible grâce aux prélèvements chirurgicaux effectués lors de l'arthrotomie

Le syndrome de la dent couronnée (SDC) est une étiologie peu connue des cervicalgies aiguës. Il est lié le plus souvent à la chondrocalcinose articulaire (CCA), dont il constitue une des localisations atypiques. L'expression clinique du SDC, à type de cervicalgies fébriles, pose en pratique courante, la problématique d'étiologies diverses dont en particulier les infections susceptibles d'égarer le diagnostic. Nous rapportons un cas de SDC révélé par un tableau de pseudo-méningite.

Introduction: Nasal NK/T cell lymphoma is an aggressive, locally destructive and necrotizing lesions. It is exceptional rare in Africa., Case Report: We report a 73 year-old patient's case presenting a nasal obstruction with a chronic purulent nasal discharge. The physical examination showed a chronic nasal lesion involving the nose and infiltrating the pyramid. The histopathological examination performed in a french laboratory diagnosed a nasal T cell lymphoma. Chemotherapy was initiated; radiotherapy being unavailable., Conclusion: The difficulties in management of nasal NK/T lymphoma cases are due to diagnostic difficulties and therapeutic problems related to the absence of radiotherapy in our work environment.