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Objective: To explore the clinical efficacy and safety of one-stage posterior lesion removal and internal spinal fixation in patients with lumbar Brucellosis spondylitis., Methods: The clinical data of 24 patients admitted from October 2017 to October 2022 were retrospectively analyzed, 2 patients were lost to follow-up at 10 months after surgery, at the final 22 cases were included in the study, including 13 males and 9 females with an average age of (52.00±6.89) years old, were treated with one-stage posterior lesion removal and internal spinal fixation. The operation time, intraoperative bleeding, follow-up time, erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR) and C-reactive protein(CRP) before and after operation were recorded. The pain visual analogue scale(VAS), Oswestry disability index(ODI), the Japanese Orthopaedic Association(JOA) score for neurofunction, American Spinal Injury Association(ASIA) spinal cord injury grade and modified MacNab criteria were ussed to evaluate the efficacy., Results: All patients were followed up from 12 to 30 months with an average of (17.41±4.45) months. The operation time was 70 to 155 min with an average of (116.59±24.32) min;the intraoperative bleeding volume was 120 to 520 ml with an average of (275.00±97.53) ml. CRP and ESR levels decreased more significantly at 1 week and at the final follow-up than preoperative levels( P <0.05). VAS, JOA score and ODI at 1 week and at the latest follow-up were more significantly improved than preoperative results( P <0.05). There was no significant difference between ASIA preoperative and 1 week after operation( P >0.05), and a significant difference between preoperative and last follow-up( P <0.05). In the final follow-up, 21 patients had excellent efficacy, 1 patient had fair, and there was no recurrence during the follow-up., Conclusion: One-stage transpedicular lesion removal and internal spinal fixation, with few incisions and short operation time, helps the recovery of neurological function, and the prognosis meets the clinical requirements, which can effectively control Brucella spondylitis.