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1. All-Indoor Optical Customer Premises Equipment for Fixed Wireless Access

Author

Schulz, Dominic, Hohmann, Julian, Hellwig, Peter, Kottke, Christoph, Freund, Ronald, Jungnickel, Volker, Braun, Ralf-Peter, and Geilhardt, Frank

Subjects
Computer Science - Networking and Internet Architecture, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing, B.4.1
Abstract

We demonstrate an LED-based optical wireless link for fixed wireless access applications, at data rates of 1.5 Gbit/s over 50 m. Transmission between indoor equipment and outdoor access point is possible through metal-coated insulation glass., Comment: 3 pages, 2 figures, Optical Fiber Communication Conference 2021

Published
2021

11. ELIoT: enhancing LiFi for next-generation Internet of things

Author

Linnartz, J.P., Ribeiro Barbio Correa, Carina, Bitencourt Cunha, Thiago, Tangdiongga, Eduward, Koonen, A.M.J., Deng, Xiong, Abbo, Anteneh A., Polak, Piotr, Müller, Marcel, Behnke, Daniel, Vicent Colonques, Santi, Metin, Taner, Emmelmann, Marc, Kouhini, Sepideh Mohammadi, Bober, Kai Lennert, Kottke, Christoph, Jugnickel, Volker, Linnartz, J.P., Ribeiro Barbio Correa, Carina, Bitencourt Cunha, Thiago, Tangdiongga, Eduward, Koonen, A.M.J., Deng, Xiong, Abbo, Anteneh A., Polak, Piotr, Müller, Marcel, Behnke, Daniel, Vicent Colonques, Santi, Metin, Taner, Emmelmann, Marc, Kouhini, Sepideh Mohammadi, Bober, Kai Lennert, Kottke, Christoph, and Jugnickel, Volker

Abstract

Communication for the Internet of things (IoT) currently is predominantly narrowband and cannot always guarantee low latency and high reliability. Future IoT applications such as flexible manufacturing, augmented reality and self-driving vehicles rely on sophisticated real-time processing in the cloud to which mobile IoT devices are connected. High-capacity links that meet the requirements of the upcoming 6G systems cannot easily be provided by the current radio-based communication infrastructure. Light communication, which is also denoted as LiFi, offers huge amounts of spectrum, extra security and low-latency transmission free of interference even in dense reuse settings. We present the current state-of-the-art of LiFi systems and introduce new features needed for future IoT applications. We discuss results from a distributed multiple-input multiple-output topology with a fronthaul using plastic optical fibre. We evaluate seamless mobility between the light access points and also handovers to 5G, besides low-power transmission and integrated positioning. Future LiFi development, implementation and efforts towards standardization are addressed in the EU ELIoT project which is presented here.

Published
2022

12. ELIoT: Enhancing LiFi for a Next Generation Internet of Things

Author

Linnartz, Jean Paul, primary, Corrêa, Carina Ribeiro Barbio, additional, Cunha, Thiago Elias Bitencourt, additional, Tangdiongga, Eduward, additional, Koonen, Ton, additional, Deng, Xiong, additional, Wendt, Matthias, additional, Abbo, Anteneh A., additional, Stobbelaar, Pieter J., additional, Polak, Piotr, additional, Müller, Marcel, additional, Behnke, Daniel, additional, Martinez, Marcos, additional, Vicent, Santiago, additional, Metin, Taner, additional, Emmelmann, Marc, additional, Kouhini, Sepideh, additional, Bober, Kai Lennert, additional, Kottke, Christoph, additional, and Jungnickel, Volker, additional

Published
2021
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13. LiFi Positioning for Industry 4.0

Author

Kouhini, Sepideh Mohammadi, primary, Kottke, Christoph, additional, Ma, Ziyan, additional, Freund, Ronald, additional, Jungnickel, Volker, additional, Muller, Marcel, additional, Behnke, Daniel, additional, Vazquez, Marcos Martinez, additional, and Linnartz, Jean-Paul M. G., additional

Published
2021
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15. Fiber-based Frequency Modulated LiDAR With MEMS Scanning Capability for Long-range Sensing in Automotive Applications

Author

Cwalina, Sarah, primary, Kottke, Christoph, additional, Jungnickel, Volker, additional, Freund, Ronald, additional, Runge, Patrick, additional, Rustige, Pascal, additional, Knieling, Thomas, additional, Gu-Stoppel, Shanshan, additional, Albers, Jorg, additional, Laske, Norman, additional, Senger, Frank, additional, Wen, Lianzhi, additional, Giovanneschi, Fabio, additional, Altuntac, Erdem, additional, Ramesh, Avinash Nittur, additional, Gonzalez-Huici, Maria A., additional, Kuter, Andries, additional, and Reddy, Sangeeta, additional

Published
2021
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16. Lifi positioning for industry 4.0

Author

Kouhini, Sepideh Mohammadi, Kottke, Christoph, Ma, Ziyan, Freund, Ronald, Jungnickel, Volker, Muller, Marcel, Behnke, Daniel, Vazquez, Marcos Martinez, Linnartz, Jean Paul M.G., Kouhini, Sepideh Mohammadi, Kottke, Christoph, Ma, Ziyan, Freund, Ronald, Jungnickel, Volker, Muller, Marcel, Behnke, Daniel, Vazquez, Marcos Martinez, and Linnartz, Jean Paul M.G.

Abstract

Precise position information is considered as the main enabler for the implementation of smart manufacturing systems in Industry 4.0. In this article, a time-of-flight based indoor positioning system for LiFi is presented based on the ITU - T recommendation G.9991. Our objective is to realize positioning by reusing already existing functions of the LiFi communication protocol which has been adopted by several vendors. Our positioning algorithm is based on a coarse timing measurement using the frame synchronization preamble, similar to the ranging, and a fine timing measurement using the channel estimation preamble. This approach works in various environments and it requires neither knowledge about the beam characteristics of transmitters and receivers nor the use of fingerprinting. The new algorithm is validated through both, simulations and experiments. Results in an 1 m × 1 m × 2 m area indicate that G.9991-based positioning can reach an average distance error of a few centimeters in three dimension. Considering the common use of lighting in indoor environments and the availability of a mature optical wireless communication system using G.9991, the proposed LiFi positioning is a promising new feature that can be added to the existing protocols and enhance the capabilities of smart lighting systems further for the benefit of Industry 4.0.

Published
2021

19. NRZ, DB, and DMT performance for short-reach VCSEL-based optical interconnects

Author

Chorchos, Lukasz, primary, Ledentsov, Nikolay, additional, Makarov, Oleg, additional, Scholz, Philipp, additional, Hecht, Urs, additional, Kottke, Christoph, additional, Jungnickel, Volker, additional, Freund, Ronald, additional, Schunkin, Vitaly A., additional, Kalosha, Vladimir P., additional, Turkiewicz, Jarosław P., additional, Gerfers, Friedel, additional, and Ledentsov, Nikolay N., additional

Published
2021
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22. Leverage LiFi in Smart Manufacturing

Author

Muller, Marcel, primary, Behnke, Daniel, additional, Bok, Patrick-Benjamin, additional, Kottke, Christoph, additional, Bober, Kai Lennert, additional, and Jungnickel, Volker, additional

Published
2020
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23. LiFi for Industrial Wireless Applications

Author

Jungnickel, Volker, primary, Berenguer, Pablo Wilke, additional, Mana, Sreelal Maravanchery, additional, Hinrichs, Malte, additional, Kouhini, Sepideh M., additional, Bober, Kai Lennert, additional, and Kottke, Christoph, additional

Published
2020
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24. Performance improvement of optical high-speed short-range communication systems utilizing bandwidth extension and advanced digital signal processing

Author

Kottke, Christoph, Petermann, Klaus, Technische Universität Berlin, Jungnickel, Volker, and Pachnicke, Stephan

Subjects
direkte Detektion, 620 Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten, direct detection, intra data center communication, Hochgeschwindigkeits-Datenübertragung, ddc:620, high-speed transmission, Intra-Rechenzentrum
Abstract

High-speed short-range optical links are a key technology for data center applications. Today, they enable the transmission of huge amounts of information in a cost and energy efficient way and are typically based on simple optics and on-off keying modulation. In order to meet the world-wide increasing demand on transmission capacity for these optical links, new approaches are required to improve the currently achievable capacity. In this thesis two strategies are discussed. The first one utilizes a bandwidth extension concept based on analog mixing to increase the signal bandwidth beyond the limits of today’s signal generators. The second one investigates the application of linear and nonlinear pre-equalization for vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSEL) based links. The bandwidth extension concept is experimentally investigated for a high-speed optical link based on intensity modulation (IM) and direct detection (DD). The achieved transmission rates are well beyond 100 Gb/s showing the feasibility of such an approach. The thesis further includes a detailed investigation of the relevant components, the suitability of different modulation formats and the use of digital signal processing (DSP) to compensate for the system impairments such as inter-symbol interference and in-phase and quadrature (I/Q) imbalance. Furthermore, the demonstration of a wideband digital-analog converter based on this concept is shown. DSP will be one major aspect for future high-speed short-range optical links, enabled by the ever decreasing cost of application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC). Optical links using VCSELs, with their typically non-ideal characteristics, benefit especially from enhanced equalization schemes, which enable an error free transmission at higher symbol rates and the use of higher order modulation formats. Linear and nonlinear pre-equalization are two options to achieve this goal. In this work an optimized linear pre-equalization approach is utilized to demonstrate record high transmission rates for a VCSEL-based IM/DD link. Furthermore, the influence of using a nonlinear pre-equalizer on the system performance is investigated and compared to pure linear pre-equalization., Schnelle optische Übertragungssysteme für die Kurzstrecke sind eine Schlüsseltechnologie für Anwendungen im Data-Center. Heutzutage ermöglichen solche Systeme den kostengünstigen und energieeffizienten Transport großer Datenmengen unter Nutzung einfache optischer Komponenten und On-Off Modulation. Durch den weltweit weiterwachsenden Bedarf an Übertragungskapazität für diese Systeme, sind aber neue Ansätze zu Erhöhung der Kapazität gefordert. Zwei unterschiedliche Lösungswegen werden in dieser Arbeit diskutiert. Der erste Ansatz ist ein Konzept zur Bandbreitenerweiterung, basierend auf analoger Mischung, um Signalbandbreiten jenseits der Möglichkeiten heutiger Signalgeneratoren zu erzeugen. Der zweite Ansatz untersucht die Verwendung von linearer und nichtlinearer Vorverzerrung für optische Systeme mit vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSEL). Das Konzept zur Bandbreitenerweiterung wird experimentell an einem optischen Hochgeschwindigkeits-Übertragungssystem, basierend auf Intensitätsmodulation und direkter Detektion, untersucht. Die erreichbaren Übertragungsraten liegen dabei deutlich über 100 Gb/s und verifizieren so das Konzept. Weiterhin sind die relevanten Komponenten, unterschiedliche Modulationsformate und die Verwendung digitaler Signalverarbeitung (DSP) Teil der Untersuchung. Bei der DSP stehen die Kompensation von Inter-Symbol-Interferenz (ISI) und in-phase/quadrature Ungleichgewicht im Fokus. Die Realisierung eines digital-analog Wandlers basierend auf dem Konzept der Bandbreitenerweiterung ist zudem Teil der Arbeit und wird im Detail diskutiert. Die intensive Verwendung von DSP ist eines der wichtigsten Merkmale zukünftiger optischer Kurzstreckensystem für Datenrate jenseits 100 Gb/s. Dies wird unter anderem durch den Einsatz kostengünstiger application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC) ermöglicht. Optische Übertragungssysteme mit VCSELn profitieren besonders von fortgeschrittener DSP, um das nicht-ideale Verhalten der Laser zu kompensieren. Diese DSP ermöglicht eine fehlerfreie Übertragung selbst bei der Verwendung höherer Modulationsformate und sehr schnelle Symbolraten. Die lineare und die nichtlineare Vorverzerrung sind dabei zwei Realisierungsmöglichkeiten der DSP In dieser Arbeit wird eine optimierte lineare Vorverzerrung für einen für einen VCSEL basiertes System vorgestellt und Datenraten jenseits des State-of-the-Art demonstriert. Weiterhin wird der Einfluss nichtlinearer Vorverzerrung auf das Übertragungsverhalten näher untersucht und mit der reinen linearen Vorverzerrung verglichen.

Published
2019
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26. Experimental Investigation of New Fronthaul Concepts for 5G

Author

Hinrichs, Malte, Fernández del Rosal, Luz, Kottke, Christoph, Jungnickel, Volker, and Freund, Ronald

Subjects
TK
Abstract

The evolution to a centralized radio access network (C-RAN), where multiple base band units (BBU) are co-located to jointly serve multiple remote radio heads (RRH), results in a more efficient use of radio resources [1]. Nevertheless, it also imposes more stringent requirements on the transport network connecting the BBU pool to the RRHs, also known as fronthaul. Especially the increasing demand for higher data rates in the fronthaul challenges current solutions based on protocols like the widespread common public radio interface (CPRI). In this paper, we investigate two promising approaches to reduce the optical bandwidth utilization in the mobile fronthaul of next-generation cloud radio access networks. We experimentally analyze and compare the performance of an analog radio-over-fronthaul and a new digital fronthaul. The analog system consists of four pi/4-shift DQPSK modulated sub-channels with a data rate of 2.5 Gbit/s each and originates from a custom millimeter-wave system. The digital fronthaul approach utilizes On-Off-Keying (OOK) and is based on 10 Gigabit Ethernet. Kurzfassung

Published
2017

31. Analog vs Next-Generation Digital Fronthaul: How to Minimize Optical Bandwidth Utilization

Author

Hinrichs, Malte, Fernández del Rosal, Luz, Kottke, Christoph, Jungnickel, Volker, Hinrichs, Malte, Fernández del Rosal, Luz, Kottke, Christoph, and Jungnickel, Volker

Abstract

In this paper we investigate two promising approaches to reduce the optical bandwidth utilization in the mobile fronthaul of next-generation cloud radio access networks. We analyze and compare the performance of an analog radio-over-fiber and a new digital fronthaul in a chromatic dispersion-limited scenario. The former uses several analog channels, generated by up- and down-converting of baseband signals, and the latter utilizes simple OOK NRZ for the transmission to the remote radio head. Both principles are applied to a custom millimeter-wave system, consisting of several analog channels with baseband bandwidths as expected for 5G. The performance of both concepts at transmission rates of up to 100 Gb/s and 100 km of fiber is evaluated. We will show that both approaches are suitable for transmission distances typical for fronthaul and discuss their advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, an optimized bandwidth concept for the analog radio-over-fiber system is presented, which enables transmission distances on the scale of metro networks.

Published
2017

37. 178 Gb/s Short-Range Optical Transmission Based on OFDM, Electrical Up-Conversion and Signal Combining

Author

Kottke, Christoph, Schmidt, Christian, Habel, Kai, Jungnickel, Volker, Kottke, Christoph, Schmidt, Christian, Habel, Kai, and Jungnickel, Volker

Abstract

We demonstrate our improved wideband OFDM transmission system, using electrical upconversion and signal combining. Transmission rates of 178 Gb/s over 2 km of SSMF were achieved with an IM/DD system on a single wavelength and single polarization.

Published
2016

39. SDN-Enabled Sliceable BVT Based on Multicarrier Technology for Multiflow Rate/Distance and Grid Adaptation

Author

Svaluto Moreolo, Michela, primary, Fabrega, Josep M., additional, Nadal, Laia, additional, Vilchez, Francisco Javier, additional, Mayoral, Arturo, additional, Vilalta, Ricard, additional, Munoz, Raul, additional, Casellas, Ramon, additional, Martinez, Ricardo, additional, Nishihara, Masato, additional, Tanaka, Toshiki, additional, Takahara, Tomoo, additional, Rasmussen, Jens C., additional, Kottke, Christoph, additional, Schlosser, Michael, additional, Freund, Ronald, additional, Meng, Fanchao, additional, Yan, Shuangyi, additional, Zervas, Georgios, additional, Simeonidou, Dimitra, additional, Yoshida, Yuki, additional, and Kitayama, Ken-Ichi, additional

Published
2016
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43. Coherent UDWDM PON with joint subcarrier reception at OLT

Author

Kottke, Christoph, primary, Fischer, Johannes Karl, additional, Elschner, Robert, additional, Frey, Felix, additional, Hilt, Jonas, additional, Schubert, Colja, additional, Schmidt, Daniel, additional, Wu, Zifeng, additional, and Lankl, Berthold, additional

Published
2014
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46. High-speed visible light communication systems

Author

Grobe, Liane, primary, Paraskevopoulos, Anagnostis, additional, Hilt, Jonas, additional, Schulz, Dominic, additional, Lassak, Friedrich, additional, Hartlieb, Florian, additional, Kottke, Christoph, additional, Jungnickel, Volker, additional, and Langer, Klaus-Dieter, additional

Published
2013
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