Search

The article considers textural and structural features of hematite-carbonate rocks associated with carbonate-sulfide clastic ores of the Yubileynoe massive sulfide deposit, South Urals. Some hematitecarbonate rocks exhibit signatures of the replacement of sulfide clasts and hyaloclasts by hematite-carbonate material, classified as carbonate analogs of gossanites. The hematite-carbonate aggregates after sulfide clasts are characterized by inherited reniform-colloform, radial and crystalline-granular structures, as well as the inclusions of relict sulfides and tellurides. The hematite-carbonate aggregates after sulfide clasts contain the elevated concentrations of chalcophile (Cu, Zn, Pb, As, Sb, Bi, Te) and lithophile (Ti, Zr, V, W) trace elements. The hematite-carbonate clasts after hyaloclasts contain aggregates with globular structure and syneresis cracks and contain relics of chlorite. The matrix of hematite-carbonate rocks consists of calcite with inclusions and aggregates of dolomite, chlorite, quartz and apatite. Late sulfide mineralization (pyrite metacrystals, aggregates and veins of chalcopyrite and sphalerite) is characteristic of both hematite-carbonate rocks after sulfide clasts and hyaloclasts.

Crystallization conditions of olivine in dunites of the Guli massif (Siberian Platform) are established using petrological, geochemical, mineralogical and thermobarogeochemical methods. The formation of olivine and chromite from picrite-meimechite ultramafic magmas was followed by the fractionation of clinopyroxenes from basaltic systems with the formation of residual high-alkaline melts. The calculations in PETROLOG and COMAGMAT programs based on the compositions of inclusions and minerals, as well as using olivine-spinel geothermometer, showed that a magmatic system, which was responsible for the formation of dunites of the Guli massif, evolved during the crystallization of olivine in a wide temperature range of 1520–1250 °C in a magma chamber at a depth of about 17 km.

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are a large family of proteins that transport various substances across cell membranes using energy from ATP hydrolysis. ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 1 (ABCG1) is a member of the ABCG subfamily of transporters and performs many important functions, such as the export of cholesterol and some other lipids across the membranes of various cells. Cholesterol transport is the mechanism that links metabolism and the innate immune system. Due to its lipid transport function, ABCG1 may contribute to the prevention of atherosclerosis and is involved in the functioning of the lung, pancreas, and other organs and systems. However, the full clinical significance of ABCG1 is still unknown and is a promising area for future research.

The Alambay ophiolite zone (AOZ) is located in the axial part of the Early Paleozoic Salair orogen and includes the northern extension of the Alambay-Kaim zone, Salair and Altai Mountains. The Shalap area of the AOZ is predominantly composed of clastic mélange with occasional serpentine mélange. The geological and geochemical studies showed that in the Shalap mélange there are basalt blocks of the Alambay formation whose petrogeochemical features are similar to those of the oceanic island basalts (OIB). Metamorphic rocks of the Angurep complex, represented by garnet and non-garnet amphibolites, form a tectonic slab which is a part of the accretionary complex east of the Shalap mélange area. Metamorphic rocks also form blocks in the Shalap mélange. The amphibolites of the Angurep complex are similar in their petrogeochemical features to the basalts of intraoceanic island arcs. The Shalap mélange is a fragment of the Salairian Cambrian paleosubduction zone. The subduction and exhumation processes in this paleosubduction zone terminated by the 500 Ma time stage.

Digital literacy is a crucial component of professional and life competence in the modern world and an important condition for the subjective well-being of a modern person. The components of digital literacy are numerous and reflect various aspects: from technical skills to the organisation of knowledge transfer, as well as communication. The younger generation acquires skills in using digital interaction content almost from preschool age. In this regard, it becomes important for future adults to assess the impact of their digital literacy level on subjective well-being, as well as on awareness of its application and improvement possibilities. The article provides analysis of a sociological study results aimed at identifying the impact of digital literacy on the subjective well-being of young people. The empirical base includes the results of an online survey conducted on the territory of Kursk and the Kursk region in October-November 2023. The sample totaled 450 respondents. Understanding young people’s ideas about digital literacy and its impact on subjective well-being will make it possible to more specifically define the necessary measures to enhance digital training, promptly meet individual or group requests when organising studying process and improving competence in the field of digital technologies.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is often associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), of which obliterating atherosclerosis of lower limb arteries or peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is an important component. The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical, functional and immunological characteristics of COPD with the phenotype of frequent exacerbations in combination with PAD. Materials and methods. Four groups of COPD patients were included: 20 COPD patients with infrequent exacerbations without ASCVD, 20 COPD patients with frequent exacerbations without ASCVD, 20 patients with frequent exacerbations and PAD, and 20 COPD patients with a phenotype of frequent exacerbations and PAD. Data from 20 healthy controls were analysed for comparison. Clinical and spirometric data were evaluated. General clinical laboratory data and immunological markers (interleukin 1 beta (IL1b) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and serum were analysed. Results. Higher levels of IL1b and TNF in EBC and serum were found in patients with COPD and PAD compared to COPD patients without ASCVD (p

Modern Internet space is filled with various kinds of information, including unreliable, fake information. In the current socio-cultural, socio-political, and socio-economic conditions, we should expect further increase in the spread of fakes and, as a consequence, their negative impact on people’s lives. The article analyses results of a sociological study on the attitude of the Kursk region population to fakes spread in the Internet space. The empirical basis of the study is the results of the online questionnaire survey conducted in September 2022 in the Kursk region. The sample population of the study was 521 people living in the territory of Kursk and Kursk region. Fakes are becoming a real part of life in modern society. Residents of the region are constantly faced with inaccurate information. They recognize its danger and note that fakes nevertheless “attract” their attention. The current situation requires additional measures development to regulate dissemination of information in the Internet space.

Background. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most significant diseases due to its high prevalence and impact on prog- nosis. The frequency of exacerbations and comorbidity are important factors influencing the course of COPD. It is believed that local and systemic inflammation may underlie this heterogeneous course of COPD. In this regard, assessment of local inflammation activity in the respiratory tract may be useful to assess the course of COPD. Aim. To study molecular mechanisms of COPD and assess inflammation biomarkers in the exhaled breath condensate (EBC) in patients with COPD with the phenotype of frequent exacerbations combined with peripheral atherosclerosis. Materials and Methods. Bioinformatic analysis of data from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) was performed to examine gene ontology of differentially expressed genes in COPD. Proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) in EBC in COPD patients without concomitant atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in the stable course phase, in patients with COPD with the phenotype of frequent ex- acerbations and peripheral artery disease (PAD) compared with healthy controls were examined. Results. Differentially expressed genes are involved in biological processes and signaling pathways according to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG pathway) associated with the immune response that may link the development and progression of COPD and atherosclerosis. Patients with COPD combined with atherosclerosis had higher values of IL-1β and TNFα in EBC compared with controls (p

Mineralogical and thermobarogeochemical studies allowed us to reveal the crystallization conditions of plagioclase in volcanic complexes of Sulawesi Island (Pacific Ocean). The composition of plagioclase indicates the presence of three types of melts, which were involved in the formation of plagioclase phenocrysts in basalts, andesites and dacites, as well as crystallites in the groundmass of andesites and dacites. The analysis of glasses of heated melt inclusions in plagioclase indicates the involvement of two contrasting melts (mafic and felsic) in crystallization of phenocrysts. At the final stages of the volcanic process, plagioclase in matrix of andesites and dacites formed from another felsic melts with maximum alkali content. The presence of primary syngenetic melt and fluid inclusions in plagioclase phenocrysts indicates the phase separation of felsic magmas, which led to the crystallization of feldspar phenocrysts of different composition during the formation of dacites. Computational modeling in a program of (Putirka, 2008) based on the composition of plagioclases, glasses of heated inclusions and glasses from the groundmass allowed us to estimate the crystallization temperatures of feldspar phenocrysts in basalt (1160–1120 ºС), andesite (930–890 ºС) and dacite (1035–970 ºС), as well as the feldspar microcrystals in the groundmass of andesite (875–810 ºС) and dacite (900–865 ºС).

Autophagy plays an important role in recognizing and protecting cells from invading intracellular pathogens such as Salmonella. In this work, we investigated the role of p38MAPK/MK2 in modulating the host cell susceptibility to Salmonella infection. Inhibition of p38MAPK or MK2 led to a significant increase of bacterial counts in Salmonella infected mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), as well as in MK2-deficient (Mk2-/-) cells. Furthermore, western blot analysis showed that Mk2-/- cells have lower level of LC3 lipidation, which is the indicator of general autophagy compared to Mk2-rescued cells. In Mk2-/- cells, we also observed lower activated TANK-binding kinase-1 phosphorylation on Ser172 and p62/SQTM1-Ser403 phosphorylation, which are important to promote the translocation of p62 to ubiquitinated microbes and required for efficient autophagy of bacteria. Furthermore, immunofluorescence analysis revealed reduced colocalization of Salmonella with LC3 and p62 in MEFs. Inhibition of autophagy with bafilomycin A1 showed increased bacterial counts in treated cells compared to control cell. Overall, these results indicate that p38MAPK/MK2-mediated protein phosphorylation modulates the host cell susceptibility to Salmonella infection by affecting the autophagy pathways.

Бажання та необхідність досягнення якісних результатів лазерної розмірної обробки, тобто перетворення останньої у прецизійну, вирішується внаслідок обрання оптимальних технологічних схем формування оброблювальних елементів та параметрів інструменту, створеного із лазерного променю. Головний сенс цих спроб зводиться до мініатюризації порцій, якими руйнується та видаляється матеріал заготівки з порожнини елементу, що формується, зверх інтенсивними, але короткими за тривалістю імпульсами електромагнітної енергії, що в умовах сталих нестабільностей процесу обробки дозволяє вчасно впливати на її хід та за високою дискретністю процесу вчасно та оперативно керувати його якісними результатами. Однак, така тактика призводить до суттєвого зниження ефективності технологічної операції. Наприклад, лінійна швидкість лінійного вирізання елементів коронарного стенту імпульсами наносекундної тривалості складає 25 ÷ 30 мм/хв, тоді як при мікросекундній до 250 мм/хв., а незначне підвищення шорсткості стінок різу після останньої операції легко усувається електро хімічною обробкою. В зв’язку з тим, що процес руйнування матеріалу при лазерному опроміненні є термічним за конкуренцією темпу введення тепла та його розсіяння в тілі заготівки, особливо з металу, є можливість впливу на характер поглинання променистої енергії поверхнею заготівки, на параметри створеного теплового джерела та на теплофізичні властивості матеріалу. Оптимальні рішення цих завдань складають мету інженерії процесу опромінення в операціях прецизійної і ефективної обробки та наведені в цій роботі.

The study's relevance is that pathomorphological changes in the infectious peritonitis of cats have been studied by a few authors and still need to be fully described. This paper describes the microscopic changes in the brain and spinal cord, liver, and somatic and visceral lymph nodes in cats with infectious peritonitis. The leading research method is a histological examination of sections obtained from the listed organs of cats of various ages that died from mixed (26 animals) and dry (7 animals) forms of infectious peritonitis. Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin according to the generally accepted method. It was found that microscopic changes in the brain and spinal cord do not depend on the form and duration of the disease. Gray and white matter are swollen, blood vessels are spasmodic, and nerve cells are in basophilia. A particularly significant swelling was found in the white matter of the spinal cord, which at the same time underwent lysis. In the liver, microscopic changes do not depend on the disease's form but are somewhat different depending on the duration of its course. In cats that were ill for less than three weeks before death, fibrinous-necrotic overlays are found on the surface of the capsule in places. Areas where mesotheliocytes of the capsule undergo metaplasia, are also seen – they acquire a cubic or columnar shape. In some places, the liver capsule is destroyed. The portal tracts are swollen and infiltrated with a small number of lymphocytes and monocytes, and the walls of the arteries of the hepatic triad are necrotized. Foci of tissue necrosis of the portal tract are also detected. Veins and bile ducts are not differentiated. Liver lobules are infiltrated with lymphocytes and monocytes. Cell swelling and destruction of hepatocytes were established. In animals that were ill for more than three weeks before death, in addition to the changes typical for infectious peritonitis, portal hepatitis, edema, and disorganization of liver lobules, hydropic dystrophy, destruction, and necrosis of hepatocytes were found. Changes in the lymph nodes are individual and do not depend on the form and duration of the course of the disease. However, in all cases of the registry, there were foci of necrosis in the central part of lymphoid nodules and the paracortical zone.

The sequence of formation of pyrochlore crystals of various morphology and composition is considered in an aggregate with ilmenite and feldspar from nepheline-feldspar pegmatite at Mt. Dolgaya (Vishnevye Mountains, South Urals): altered yellowish green «uranium pyrochlore» with a UO3 content of 7.62–42.44 wt. % in different parts of the crystal, as well as fluorocalciopyrochlore, fersmite, and associated minerals. The alteration of «uranpyrochlore» includes fersmitization and silicification in contrast to relatively late fluorocalciopyrochlore and fersmite. The compositions and Raman spectra of altered «uranpyrochlore» and later fluorocalciopyrochlore are given.

The studies of minerals and melt inclusions in ultramafic rocks of the Kurtushiba ophiolite belt (Western Sayan) allowed us to establish the conditions of mineral-forming processes during their formation. The features of the compositions of minerals of ultramafic rocks of the Idzhim, Kalny and Ergaki massifs are considered. The presence of melt inclusions directly indicates a magmatic origin of some Cr-spinels from dunites of the Idzhim massif. A close assemblage of Cr-spinels from chromitites with igneous Cr-spinels is important because of the possible formation of chromite ore from melts. The study of melt inclusions revealed the evolution of melts (picrites – picrobasalts – basalts – basaltic andesites) during the consecutive crystallization of minerals from the Western Sayan ophiolites. Computational modeling based on the compositions of melt inclusions and olivine indicates that olivine of ultramafic rocks of the Kurtushiba ophiolites crystallized at a decreasing pressure from 9.2 to 6.2 kbar and a decreasing temperature from 1550 to 1430 °С from picritic melts, which evolved to picrobasaltic melts. With a decrease in pressure to 3.8–2.3 kbar and temperature of picrobasaltic melts (1240–1230 °C), the formation of olivine terminated following by the crystallization of clinopyroxene from basaltic magmas at 2.7–1.9 kbar and about 1215 °C. The postmagmatic stage was characterized by plastic deformations of the Western Sayan ultramafic rocks at a decreasing temperature from 850 to 640 °C, which resulted in a successive change from protogranular to mesogranular structures and then to porphyroclastic and porphyroleist structures.

The article describes in detail the step-by-step process of the development and operation of a machine vision system using modern approaches to software development and the subsequent creation and implementation of control of a robotic limb at a distance using microcontroller tools that implement high-speed information exchange on the Internet, and also describes in detail the prospects and problems of work. and the development of modern machine vision systems adapted for server and mobile platforms with their subsequent implementation in the field of robotics.

Simple Summary: The current review describes the biological functions and potential clinical significance of the ABCG1 transporter. This protein is a member of the ABC transporter family, one of the best-known transport mechanisms in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. ABCG1 is expressed in a variety of cells, where it can be found in both plasma and organelle membranes, through which it participates in cholesterol transport both in and out of the cell in a process known as reverse cholesterol transport. This function makes the ABCG1 transporter an interesting target for research. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are a large family of proteins that transport various substances across cell membranes using energy from ATP hydrolysis. ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 1 (ABCG1) is a member of the ABCG subfamily of transporters and performs many important functions, such as the export of cholesterol and some other lipids across the membranes of various cells. Cholesterol transport is the mechanism that links metabolism and the innate immune system. Due to its lipid transport function, ABCG1 may contribute to the prevention of atherosclerosis and is involved in the functioning of the lung, pancreas, and other organs and systems. However, the full clinical significance of ABCG1 is still unknown and is a promising area for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an important medical problem, as it significantly affects patients’ quality of life and prognosis. AF often complicates the course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a widespread disease with heavy economic and social burdens. A growing body of evidence suggests multiple links between COPD and AF. This review considers the common pathogenetic mechanisms (chronic hypoxia, persistent inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and myocardial remodeling) of these diseases and describes the main risk factors for the development of AF in patients with COPD. The most effective models based on clinical, laboratory, and functional indices are also described, which enable the identification of patients suffering from COPD with a high risk of AF development. Thus, AF in COPD patients is a frequent problem, and the search for new tools to identify patients at a high risk of AF among COPD patients remains an urgent medical problem.

Atherosclerosis is an important medical and social problem, and the keys to solving this problem are still largely unknown. A common situation in real clinical practice is the comorbid course of atherosclerosis with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Diseases share some common risk factors and may be closely linked pathogenetically. Methods: Bioinformatics analysis of datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) was performed to examine the gene ontology (GO) of common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in COPD and peripheral arterial atherosclerosis. DEGs were identified using the limma R package with the settings p < 0.05, corrected using the Benjamini & Hochberg algorithm and ǀlog 2FCǀ > 1.0. The GO, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment, and the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis were performed with the detected DEGs. Results: The biological processes and signaling pathways involving common DEGs from airway epithelial datasets in COPD and tissue in peripheral atherosclerosis were identified. A total of 15 DEGs were identified, comprising 12 upregulated and 3 downregulated DEGs. The GO enrichment analysis demonstrated that the upregulated hub genes were mainly involved in the inflammatory response, reactive oxygen species metabolic process, cell adhesion, lipid metabolic process, regulation of angiogenesis, icosanoid biosynthetic process, and cellular response to a chemical stimulus. The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated that the common pathways were Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, NF-kappa B signaling pathway, lipid and atherosclerosis, and cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction. Conclusions: Biological processes and signaling pathways associated with the immune response may link the development and progression of COPD and atherosclerosis.

Studies of melt inclusions in quartz indicate the similarity of acid magmatic systems of massive sulfide deposits in the Urals and Altai-Sayany region. The melts of normal alkalinity corresponding to rhyodacite and rhyolite compositions related to the tholeiitic series are dominant in all the deposits considered. The magmas are characterized by the same type evolution with a decreasing content of main oxides (TiO2 , Al2 O3 , FeO, MgO, CaO, Na2 O, K2 O) and an increasing SiO2 content. Our results show the accumulation of Cu in relatively low-H2 O acidic melts of ancient (Cambrian) deposits of the Altai-Sayany region and low metal contents in the intermediate (Silurian–Devonian) and H2 O-saturated magmas of the Urals. The youngest (Devonian) magmas of Siberia evolve simultaneously along these two directions. The analysis of melt inclusions in quartz suggests that the minimum contents of trace and rare earth elements are characteristic of the SilurianDevonian acid melts of the Urals, with their maximum contents in the youngest (Devonian) magmas and the intermediate contents of ancient (Cambrian) magmatic systems of the Altai-Sayany region. The features of rare and rare earth element patterns in melt inclusions in quartz indicate the similarity of acid magmatic systems of massive sulfide deposits in the Urals and Altai-Sayany region with present-day suprasubduction melts in the ocean-continent transition zones. Computational modeling using data on melt inclusions in quartz confirms our previous conclusions (Simonov, Maslennikov, 2020) that the occurrence of contrasting (basic and felsic) volcanic complexes with massive sulfide deposits in the Urals and Altai-Sayany region is a result of evolution of basaltoid magmas.

The Geochemical and mineralogical studies showed, that harzburgites of the Chagan-Uzun massif are restites with a degree of partial melting 15–20 %, which formed at temperatures 1520–1420 °С under the conditions of the mid-oceanic ridge and transformed during the evolution of paleooceanic structures under the influence of magmatic processes at the initial stages of subduction and manifestation of boninite magmatism. The combined use of data on the geochemistry of rare and rare earth elements, as well as on the compositions of pyroxenes, Cr-spinels, melt inclusions in Cr-spinels and computational modeling, indicates the formation of clinopyroxenites of Chagan-Uzun ophiolites at the mid-oceanic ridge during crystallization of picrite and picrobasalt melts at temperatures 1315–1245 °C and pressures 4–2 kbar. The study of amphiboles showed high metamorphic parameters of transformation of harzburgites (5.1–1.9 kbar, 820–700 °С) and clinopyroxenites (2.6–1.4 kbar and 740–680 °С) of the Chagan-Uzun massif, typical for ultrabasites from the modern mid-oceanic ridges. In general, results of comprehensive studies made it possible to determine the sequence of paleogeodynamic processes of formation of ultramafic rocks of the Chagan-Uzun massif. Initial formation of harzburgites in the course of partial melting of mantle and crystallization of clinopyroxenites in the magma chamber occurred under the conditions of the mid-oceanic ridge. At the next stage, ultramafic rocks fell within the subduction-zone initiation area, where they were exposed to the influence of boninite melts.

V.L. Kotlyarov, M.A. Kalinina, G.V. Kozlovskaya, G.N. Shimonova Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation The article presents a short literature review highlighting a potential genesis of the disease and genetic background of congenital connective tissue dysplasia, as well as its association with certain congenital biochemical and mediator abnormalities. Over the past years, there has been a substantial growth of publications discussing a close relationship between connective tissue diseases and psychic deviations in children with autism and other endogenous disorders. Thus, the today’s agenda focuses on a thorough investigation of abnormalities which may serve as somatic predictors of psychic disorders. This aspect is of particular importance for pediatricians who will be the first doctors dealing with such patients and may raise the issue of providing medical care rehabilitation care to them. Keywords: children, connective tissue dysplasia, mitral valve prolapse, diathesis, schizophrenia spectrum disorders. For citation: Kotlyarov V.L., Kalinina M.A., Kozlovskaya G.V., Shimonova G.N. Congenital connective tissue dysplasia and minor heart defects in children as a risk factor of psychic disorders. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2022;5(4):346–350 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2022-5-4-346-350.

ABC transporters are a large family of membrane proteins that transport chemically diverse substrates across the cell membrane. Disruption of transport mechanisms mediated by ABC transporters causes the development of various diseases, including atherosclerosis. Methods: A bioinformatic analysis of a dataset from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) was performed. A GEO dataset containing data on gene expression levels in samples of atherosclerotic lesions and control arteries without atherosclerotic lesions from carotid, femoral, and infrapopliteal arteries was used for analysis. To evaluate differentially expressed genes, a bioinformatic analysis was performed in comparison groups using the limma package in R (v. 4.0.2) and the GEO2R and Phantasus tools (v. 1.11.0). Results: The obtained data indicate the differential expression of many ABC transporters belonging to different subfamilies. The differential expressions of ABC transporter genes involved in lipid transport, mechanisms of multidrug resistance, and mechanisms of ion exchange are shown. Differences in the expression of transporters in tissue samples from different arteries are established. Conclusions: The expression of ABC transporter genes demonstrates differences in atherosclerotic samples and normal arteries, which may indicate the involvement of transporters in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.

Cardiovascular diseases are one of the most important problems of modern medicine. They are associated with a large number of health care visits, hospitalizations and mortality. Prevention of atherosclerosis is one of the most effective strategies and should start as early as possible. Correction of lipid metabolism disorders is associated with definite clinical successes, both in primary prevention and in the prevention of complications of many cardiovascular diseases. A growing body of evidence suggests a multifaceted role for polyunsaturated fatty acids. They demonstrate a variety of functions in inflammation, both participating directly in a number of cellular processes and acting as a precursor for subsequent biosynthesis of lipid mediators. Extensive clinical data also support the importance of polyunsaturated fatty acids, but all questions have not been answered to date, indicating the need for further research.