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33 results on '"Kotiaho, J. S."'

1. Value-transforming financial, carbon and biodiversity footprint accounting

Author

Geneidy, S. El, Baumeister, S., Peura, M., and Kotiaho, J. S.

Subjects
Economics - General Economics
Abstract

Transformative changes in our production and consumption habits are needed to enable the sustainability transition towards carbon neutrality, no net loss of biodiversity, and planetary well-being. Organizations are the way we humans have organized our everyday life, and much of our negative environmental impacts, also called carbon and biodiversity footprints, are caused by organizations. Here we show how the financial accounts of any organization can be exploited to develop an integrated carbon and biodiversity footprint account. As a metric we utilize spatially explicit potential global loss of species which, we argue, can be understood as the biodiversity equivalent, the utility of which for biodiversity is similar to what carbon dioxide equivalent is for climate. We provide a global Biodiversity Footprint Database that organizations, experts and researchers can use to assess consumption-based biodiversity footprints. We also argue that the current integration of financial and environmental accounting is superficial, and provide a framework for a more robust financial value-transforming accounting model. To test the methodologies, we utilized a Finnish university as a living lab. Assigning an offsetting cost to the footprints significantly altered the financial value of the organization. We believe such value-transforming accounting is needed in order to draw the attention of senior executives and investors to the negative environmental impacts of their organizations.

Published
2023

4. Fluctuating Paradigm

Author

Simmons, L. W., Tomkins, J. L., Kotiaho, J. S., and Hunt, J.

Published
1999

18. Changes in pore water quality after peatland restoration:assessment of a large-scale, replicated Before-After-Control-Impact study in Finland

Author

Menberu, M. W. (Meseret Walle), Marttila, H. (Hannu), Tahvanainen, T. (Teemu), Kotiaho, J. S. (Janne S.), Hokkanen, R. (Reijo), Kløve, B. (Bjørn), and Ronkanen, A. (Anna‐Kaisa)

Subjects
restoration, peatland hydrology, pore water quality, DOC, phosphorus, drainage, nitrogen
Abstract

Drainage is known to affect peatland natural hydrology and water quality, but peatland restoration is considered to ameliorate peatland degradation. Using a replicated BACIPS (Before‐After‐Control‐Impact Paired Series) design, we investigated 24 peatlands, all drained for forestry and subsequently restored, and 19 pristine control boreal peatlands with high temporal and spatial resolution data on hydroclimate and pore water quality. In drained conditions, total nitrogen (Ntot), total phosphorus (Ptot), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in pore water were several‐fold higher than observed at pristine control sites, highlighting the impacts of long‐term drainage on pore water quality. In general, pore water DOC and Ntot decreased after restoration measures but still remained significantly higher than at pristine control sites, indicating long time lags in restoration effects. Different peatland classes and trophic levels (vegetation gradient) responded differently to restoration, primarily due to altered hydrology and varying acidity levels. Sites that were hydrologically overrestored (inundated) showed higher Ptot, Ntot, and DOC than well‐restored or insufficiently restored sites, indicating the need to optimize natural‐like hydrological regimes when restoring peatlands drained for forestry. Rich fens (median pH 6.2–6.6) showed lower pore water Ptot, Ntot, and DOC than intermediate and poor peats (pH 4.0–4.6) both before and after restoration. Nutrients and DOC in pore water increased in the first year postrestoration but decreased thereafter. The most important variables related to pore water quality were trophic level, peatland class, water table level, and soil and air temperature.

Published
2017

19. Challenges of ecological restoration : Lessons from forests in northern Europe

Author

Halme, P., Allen, K. A., Auniņš, A., Bradshaw, R. H. W., Brumelis, G., Čada, V., Clear, J. L., Eriksson, Anna-Maria, Hannon, G., Hyvärinen, E., Ikauniece, S., Iršenaite, R., Jonsson, Bengt Gunnar, Junninen, K., Kareksela, S., Komonen, A., Kotiaho, J. S., Kouki, J., Kuuluvainen, T., Mazziotta, A., Mönkkönen, M., Nyholm, K., Oldén, A., Shorohova, E., Strange, N., Toivanen, T., Vanha-Majamaa, I., Wallenius, T., Ylisirniö, A. -L, Zin, E., Halme, P., Allen, K. A., Auniņš, A., Bradshaw, R. H. W., Brumelis, G., Čada, V., Clear, J. L., Eriksson, Anna-Maria, Hannon, G., Hyvärinen, E., Ikauniece, S., Iršenaite, R., Jonsson, Bengt Gunnar, Junninen, K., Kareksela, S., Komonen, A., Kotiaho, J. S., Kouki, J., Kuuluvainen, T., Mazziotta, A., Mönkkönen, M., Nyholm, K., Oldén, A., Shorohova, E., Strange, N., Toivanen, T., Vanha-Majamaa, I., Wallenius, T., Ylisirniö, A. -L, and Zin, E.

Abstract

The alarming rate of ecosystem degradation has raised the need for ecological restoration throughout different biomes and continents. North European forests may appear as one of the least vulnerable ecosystems from a global perspective, since forest cover is not rapidly decreasing and many ecosystem services remain at high level. However, extensive areas of northern forests are heavily exploited and have lost a major part of their biodiversity value. There is a strong requirement to restore these areas towards a more natural condition in order to meet the targets of the Convention on Biological Diversity. Several northern countries are now taking up this challenge by restoring forest biodiversity with increasing intensity. The ecology and biodiversity of boreal forests are relatively well understood making them a good model for restoration activities in many other forest ecosystems. Here we introduce northern forests as an ecosystem, discuss the historical and recent human impact and provide a brief status report on the ecological restoration projects and research already conducted there. Based on this discussion, we argue that before any restoration actions commence, the ecology of the target ecosystem should be established with the need for restoration carefully assessed and the outcome properly monitored. Finally, we identify the most important challenges that need to be solved in order to carry out efficient restoration with powerful and long-term positive impacts on biodiversity: coping with unpredictability, maintaining connectivity in time and space, assessment of functionality, management of conflicting interests and social restrictions and ensuring adequate funding. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd., CODEN: BICOB

Published
2013
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25. Testing theories of sexual selection in decorated crickets (Gryllodes sigillatus)

Author

Ketola, T., Raine Kortet, and Kotiaho, J. S.

Subjects
seksuaalivalinta
Abstract

Question: Do females choose males according to their level of acoustic sexual activity, fluctuating asymmetry, size, condition or do they select for genetic compatibility according to relatedness? What are the relative strengths of selection on these traits and what might be the benefit of the choice – large nuptial gifts, heritable attractiveness or quality? Organism: Laboratory colony of decorated crickets (Gryllodes sigillatus). Methods: Behavioural trial of female preference on male traits, multivariate logistic regression of male traits on female preference, and heritability estimation of the traits with an animal model. Results: Female attraction strongly discriminated in favour of certain male courtship call rates. None of the other potential cues, such as size-dependent traits, fluctuating asymmetry or relatedness were involved in sexual selection. In addition, no evidence of benefits of the attraction was found. However, if the cost of choice for females is low, then the potential genetic benefits outweighing it might be smaller than what can be estimated with this data set. Moreover, the signal itself is a strong species-specific signal that facilitates mate location and helps to prevent maladaptive hybridization. Thus, the signal itself may be considered a benefit without any additional correlated benefits. peerReviewed

26. Debating sexual selection and mating strategies [3]

Author

Pizzari, T., Birkhead, T. R., Blows, M. W., Brooks, R., Buchanan, K. L., Clutton-Brock, T. H., Harvey, P. H., Hosken, D. J., Jennions, M. D., Kokko, H., Kotiaho, J. S., Lessells, C. M., Macias-García, C., Moore, A. J., Parker, G. A., Partridge, L., Pitnick, S., Radwan, J., Ritchie, M., Sheldon, B. C., Simmons, L. W., Rhonda Snook, Stockley, P., and Zuk, M.

28. Summary for policymakers of the assessment report on land degradation and restoration of the Intergovernmental SciencePolicy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services

Author

IPBES, Scholes, R., Montanarella, L., Brainich, A., Barger, N., Brink, B. T., Cantele, M., Erasmus, B., Gardner, T., Holland, T. G., Kohler, F., Kotiaho, J. S., Von Maltitz, G., Nangendo, G., Pandit, R., Parrotta, J., Prince, S., Sankaran, M., and Willemen, L.

Subjects
Land Degradation and Restoration Assessment, IPBES, Summary for Policymakers
Abstract

The Assessment Report on Land Degradation and Restoration by the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) provides a critical analysis of the state of knowledge regarding the importance, drivers, status, and trends of terrestrial ecosystems. The Report recognizes that combatting land degradation, which is a pervasive, systemic phenomenon occurring in all parts of the world, is an urgent priority in order to protect the biodiversity and ecosystem services that are vital to all life on Earth and to ensure human well-being. The Report identifies a mix of governance options, policies and management practices that can help support stakeholders working at all levels to reduce the negative environmental, social and economic consequences of land degradation and to rehabilitate and restore degraded land. The Report encompasses all the terrestrial regions and biomes of the world, recognizing that land degradation drivers and processes can vary in severity within regions and countries as much as between them, and includes the full range of human-altered systems, including but not limited to drylands, agricultural and agroforestry systems, savannahs and forests and aquatic systems associated with these areas. &nbsp

Published
2018
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29. Embracing diverse worldviews to share planet Earth.

Author

Kohler F, Holland TG, Kotiaho JS, Desrousseaux M, and Potts MD

Subjects
Earth, Planet, Humans, Social Justice, Conservation of Natural Resources, Ecosystem
Abstract

Leading societies toward a more sustainable, equitably shared, and environmentally just future requires elevating and strengthening conversations on the nonmaterial and perhaps unquantifiable values of nonhuman nature to humanity. Debates among conservationists relating to the appropriateness of valuing ecosystems in terms of their human utility have eclipsed the more important and impactful task of expressing conservation concerns in terms that are meaningful to diverse stakeholders. We considered the wide global diversity of perspectives on the biosocial complex-the relationships and interactions between all living species on Earth-and argue that humanity's best chance for effective conservation is to take a pluralistic approach that engages seriously with the worldviews of all stakeholders. Many worldviews-particularly those in indigenous cultures-place a higher value on the spiritual and nonmaterial aspects than what is often represented by the discourse surrounding Western conservation policy. Alternative framings of the biosocial complex that recognize nature's intrinsic value can be powerful motivators for social change and for local-scale conservation efforts. At a national and international level, changing ethical framings of human relationships with nature have started influencing conceptions of human rights relating to the environment and of the rights of nature itself. This change has led to an increased role of the judiciary in promoting environmental sustainability and promoting justice for groups who are most often affected by environmental harms. We hope our essay will motivate the scientific community to change its own perception of what a sound and sustainable relationship between humanity and other species should be and will help citizens become active environmental subjects, connected to the ecosystems around them., (© 2019 Society for Conservation Biology.)

Published
2019
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30. Costs of sexual traits: a mismatch between theoretical considerations and empirical evidence.

Author

Kotiaho JS

Subjects
Amphibians, Animals, Birds, Fishes, Insecta, Models, Theoretical, Research, Sex Characteristics
Abstract

Costs of sexual traits are of central importance to the theory of sexual selection. To qualify as a cost in line with theoretical models, empirical studies must demonstrate that sexual traits cause negative effects on one component of fitness of the trait bearer. Moreover, it must be demonstrated that the costs are differential such that negative effects on fitness are more severe for individuals in poor condition than for individuals in good condition. However, in the current literature, there is confusion over what qualifies as a cost, and costs are often anticipated based on findings of increased expenditure. Consequently, it seems that the generally accepted notion that sexual traits are costly is in fact based almost exclusively on indirect evidence and that direct empirical evidence is very scarce.

Published
2001
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31. Towards a resolution of the lek paradox.

Author

Kotiaho JS, Simmons LW, and Tomkins JL

Subjects
Animals, Coleoptera physiology, Courtship, Female, Food, Male, Models, Biological, Biological Evolution, Coleoptera genetics, Genetic Variation, Sexual Behavior, Animal
Abstract

Genetic benefits in the shape of 'good genes' have been invoked to explain costly female choice in the absence of direct fitness benefits. Little genetic variance in fitness traits is expected, however, because directional selection tends to drive beneficial alleles to fixation. There seems to be little potential, therefore, for female choice to result in genetic benefits, giving rise to the 'lek paradox'. Nevertheless, evidence shows that genetic variance persists despite directional selection and genetic benefits of female choice are frequently reported. A theoretical solution to the lek paradox has been proposed on the basis of two assumptions: that traits are condition-dependent, and that condition shows high genetic variance. The observed genetic variability in sexual traits will be accounted for, because a proportion of the genetic variance in condition will be captured and expressed in the trait. Here we report results from experiments showing that male courtship rate in the dung beetle Onthophagus taurus is a condition-dependent trait that is preferred by females. More importantly, male condition has high genetic variance and is genetically correlated with courtship rate. Our results thereby represent a significant step towards a resolution of the lek paradox.

Published
2001
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