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19. Integrated Basin-Scale Modelling for Sustainable Water Management Using MIKE HYDRO Basin Model: A Case Study of Parvati Basin, India.

Author

Agrawal, Abhishek, Kothari, Mahesh, Jaiswal, R. K., Gautam, Vinay Kumar, Pande, Chaitanya Baliram, Ahmed, Kaywan Othman, Refadah, Samyah Salem, Khan, Mohd Yawar Ali, Abdulqadim, Tuhami Jamil, and Đurin, Bojan

Subjects
WATER management, WATER use, WATER levels, IRRIGATION, WATER supply, WATERSHEDS
Abstract

Modelling at the basin scale offers crucial insights for policymakers as they make decisions regarding the optimal utilization of water resources. This study employed the MIKE HYDRO Basin model to analyse water demand and supply dynamics in the Parvati Basin of Rajasthan, India, for the period 2005–2020. The MIKE11 NAM model showcased strong alignment between simulated and observed runoff during both the calibration (NSE = 0.79, PBIAS = −2%, R2 = 0.79, RMSE = 4.95, RSR = 0.5, and KGE = 0.84) and validation (NSE = 0.67, PBIAS = −12.4%, R2 = 0.68, RMSE = 8.3, RSR = 0.62, and KGE = 0.67) phases. The MIKE HYDRO Basin model also exhibited excellent agreement between observed and simulated reservoir water levels, with R2, NSE, RMSE, PBIAS, RSR, and KGE values of 0.86, 0.81, 3.87, −2.30%, 0.43, and 0.88, respectively. The MIKE HYDRO Basin model was employed to create six distinct scenarios, considering conveyance efficiency, irrigation method, and conjunctive water use, to assess irrigation demands and deficits within the basin. In the initial simulation, featuring a conveyance efficiency of 45%, flood irrigation, and no groundwater utilization, the average water demand and deficit throughout the study period were estimated as 43.15 MCM and 3.45 MCM, respectively, resulting in a sustainability index of 0.506. Enhancing conveyance efficiency to 75% under flood irrigation and 5% conjunctive use could elevate the sustainability index to 0.92. Transitioning to sprinkler irrigation and a lift irrigation system could raise the system's sustainability index to 1. These developed models hold promise for real-time reservoir operation and irrigation planning across diverse climatic conditions and varying cropping patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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20. Advances in Hydrological Modelling: A Comprehensive Review of SWAT Applications and Developments.

Author

Nath, Nirmalya Kumar, Singh, Pradeep Kumar, Kothari, Mahesh, Bhakar, Sita Ram, Yadav, Kamal Kishore, and Panwar, Narayan Lal

Subjects
SOIL testing, WATER testing, COMPUTER simulation equipment, RUNOFF, SEDIMENTS, NUTRIENT cycles, WATERSHEDS
Abstract

The article explores the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), its features, applications and advancements that propelled the use of this hydrological modelling tool. Topics discussed include runoff modelling using SWAT, sediment yield modelling, nutrient cycle modelling, and limitations such as the need for extensive input data, simulation of runoff and sediment in certain months, and performance depending on the specific characteristics of the watershed being studied.

Published
2024
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31. Evaluation of water delivery performance of right main canal of Bhimsagar medium irrigation scheme, Rajasthan.

Author

Rajput, Jitendra, Kothari, Mahesh, Bhakar, S R, Dimple, Kushwaha, N L, Singh, P K, Paramaguru, Pradosh Kumar, Rai, Ashish, Elbeltagi, Ahmed, and Rana, Lalita

Subjects
GROWING season, IRRIGATION, WATER distribution, CANALS, WATER use, WATER supply
Abstract

This research investigation aims to evaluate the performance of the Right Main Canal (RMC) of the Bhimsagar medium irrigation scheme in Rajasthan, India, employing water delivery and water use indicators, such as adequacy, equity, dependability, relative water supply, and relative irrigation supply. The three minors chosen were Ratanpura at the head, Chaplada at the middle, and Maraita II at the tail reach on RMC. The volume of water diverted into the selected minors from the right main canal was measured during crop season, and crop water demand in the command area of each minor was computed using the CROPWAT 8.0 software. Overall, RMC adequacy was adequate at the head, and middle reach minors but inadequate for the tail reach minor. The water distribution system was determined to be unreliable regarding water supply concerning time, with a dependability value of 0.49. Overall equity was determined to be good to fair for the head and middle reach minors but poor for tail reach minor due to disparity in water distribution. In 2013–14, RWS and RIS showed insufficiency in the command system. The average values of RWS and RIS were found to be 1.00 and 1.43, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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32. Spatial mapping of groundwater quality using GIS for Jakham River basin of Southern Rajasthan

Author

Gautam, Vinay Kumar, Kothari, Mahesh, Singh, Pradeep Kumar, Bhakar, Sita Ram, Yadav, Kamal Kishore, Gautam, Vinay Kumar, Kothari, Mahesh, Singh, Pradeep Kumar, Bhakar, Sita Ram, and Yadav, Kamal Kishore

Abstract

The physico-chemical analysis of groundwater quality plays a significant role to manage the water resources for drinking as well as irrigation in the sub-humid and semi-arid agro-climatic areas. In this study, the hydrogeochemical analyses and spatial mapping of groundwater quality in the Jakham River Basin located in the southern part of Rajasthan were investigated.The groundwater quality samples were collected from 76 wells marked on the grid map of 5×5 km2 area.A spatial distribution in sampling location in the basin was prepared using GIS (Geographical information system) tool based on 6 physico-chemical parameters i.e., pH, EC, TDS, Cl, NO3and F.The groundwater quality data from the pre and post-monsoon seasons of 2019-20 were used to carry out a detailed analysis of water quality parameters.The water quality maps for the entire basin have been generated using anIDW interpolation technique for these parameters as per the identified location.The higher value of TDS and EC were found in the south-eastern part and along the roadside of study area, which were dominated by agriculture activities and industrial influence. The concentration was observed higher in the post-monsoon period. For EC and TDS, major part of the (>50%) of the study area comes under the safe limit of potable water. Major part of the basin witnessed fluoride concentration (0.40-80 mg/l) for both the season, which is lower than the permissible limit. Higher NO3 concentration was observed after the rainy season. The influence of geogenic activities could be clearly seen in the groundwater quality of the basin. Theresultant map shows that the entire basin has optimally goodgroundwater quality for human consumption. Hence, this study provides suggestion to prepare strategies for the proper management and augmentation of the groundwater condition in the Jakham River Basin.

Published
2022

33. Assessment of water footprint for a few major crops in Banas River Basin of Rajasthan

Author

Mehla, Mukesh Kumar, Kothari, Mahesh, Singh, Pradeep Kumar, Bhakar, Sita Ram, Yadav, Kamal Kishore, Mehla, Mukesh Kumar, Kothari, Mahesh, Singh, Pradeep Kumar, Bhakar, Sita Ram, and Yadav, Kamal Kishore

Abstract

Water security is essential for socio-economic development, ecosystem management, and environmental sustainability. An improved understanding of the relationships between water demand and supply is needed to mitigate the impacts of diminishing water resources. The present study aimed to assess the crop water footprint of sixteen major crops in the basin namely, bajra/ pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), cotton (Gossypium herbaceum L.), gram/chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.), guar/cluster beans (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.), jowar/ sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.), lentil/ masoor (Lens culinaris L.), maize (Zea mays L.), mungbean (Vigna radiata L.), rapeseed & mustard (Brassica napus L.), rice/paddy (Oryza sativa L.), sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), soybean (Glycine max L.), urad/ black gram (Vigna mungo L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was estimated during 2008-2020 in the Banas river basin of Rajasthan. The average annual water footprint of crop production varied from 11365.8-23131.5 MCM/yr (Mean 19254.5 MCM/yr) during the study period. Wheat, bajra, maize, rapeseed & mustard make up 67.4 % of the total average annual water footprint of crop production. The blue water footprint of crop production was 3942.1 MCM/yr, with wheat, rapeseed & mustard accounting for almost 87.0 % of the average annual blue water footprint. Blue, green and grey water footprints comprised 20.8, 69.7 and 9.5 % of the total WF of crop production in the basin, respectively. This assessment can play a significant role in developing better policies for properly managing water footprints for sustainable crop production in the basin.

Published
2022

38. Water footprint assessment and its importance in Indian context: a meta-review.

Author

Mehla, Mukesh Kumar, Kothari, Mahesh, Singh, Pardeep Kumar, Bhakar, Sita Ram, and Yadav, Kamal Kishore

Subjects
SUSTAINABILITY, NATURAL resources, WATER security, AGRICULTURAL productivity, WATER use
Abstract

With the increasing population and per capita demand for freshwater, the burden of natural resources has increased many folds. Indian agriculture is still largely dependent on conventional methods of crop production that are mainly inefficient. Water security is essential for social and economic development, having an indispensable role in enhancing health, well-being, and economic progress, particularly in a developing country like India. Water footprint (WF) is an important indicator that helps ascertain the direct and indirect use of water in any process. WF modeling in agriculture enables us to pinpoint the impacts and limitations of the current crop production system. Assessing vulnerabilities across various regions and time helps us prepare actions to improve water productivity and promote sustainable water use. There is considerable spatial variability in blue, green, and gray WF among the different states of India due to their varied climate, soil, and topographic characteristics. WF assessment is critical for developing water allocation strategies, planning water trade, making policies, and implementing remedial measures. This paper describes the significance of WF and its proper management for sustainable crop production in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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39. Groundwater quality analysis using different water quality indices in the hard rock aquifer region in semi-arid environment.

Author

Dimple, Singh, Pradeep Kumar, Kothari, Mahesh, Yadav, Kamal Kishore, and Bhakar, Sita Ram

Subjects
GROUNDWATER quality, GROUNDWATER analysis, WATER quality, AQUIFERS, ARID regions, ROCK music
Abstract

The present study aimed to assess the groundwater quality in the hard rock aquifer system of the Nand Samand catchment for irrigation use by employing distinct water quality indices (sodium adsorption ratio, per cent sodium, electrical conductivity, residual sodium carbonate, soluble sodium per cent, Kelly's ratio, and permeability index) and also, using graphical illustration techniques (United States Salinity Laboratory (USSL) diagram, Piper, Gibbs, Wilcox, and Chadha diagram, Rajasthan, India. Groundwater samples were collected in two seasons, i.e., pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons (for the years 2019 and 2020). Ninety-five samples were collected and analyzed to assess overall groundwater quality for irrigation use. The USSL diagram indicated that the maximum groundwater samples were classified under categories C3S1 and C4S1 during the pre-monsoon season, indicating groundwater suitable for irrigation. The major facies observed in groundwater are mixed Ca-Mg-Cl, CaHCO3, and Ca-Mg-Cl type. Gibbs's diagram depicts that the maximum groundwater samples belonged to the evaporation-crystallization zone, which raises salinity by raising sodium and chloride concerning the increase of total dissolved solids. The results showed that the majority of the samples are suitable for irrigation, and the suitability improves during the post-monsoon season. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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41. Diagnostic and Socio-economic Analysis of Bhimsagar Irrigation Scheme

Author

Rajput, Jitendra, Choudhary, Ramnarayan, Kothari, Mahesh, Al-Ansari, Nadhir, Dimple, Dimple, Makadiya, Kishan, Singh, Pradeep Kumar, Kushwaha, Nand Lal, Paramguru, Pradosh Kumar, Rai, Ashish, and Rana, Lalita

Subjects
Minor, Water quality and irrigation scheme, Crop water use efficiency, Jordbruksvetenskap, Diagnostic analysis, Socio-economic analysis, Agricultural Science, Conveyance efficiency
Abstract

Faulty operation and poor upkeep of irrigation infrastructures have caused low irrigation efficiency inmany major and medium schemes globally. Low performance is mainly caused due to poor physicalcondition and low maintenance. This study was done to carry out the diagnostic and socio-economic analysisof the Bhimsagar irrigation scheme. In the diagnostic analysis, operational problems in the entire canalnetwork of Bhimsagar irrigation project were assessed by conducting several field surveys and by holdingfarmers meeting. As agriculture developmental schemes in any area cause changes in the economic conditionof farmers. The socio-economic survey was undertaken on total of 600 families engaged in agriculture andcovering 3118 persons/farmers in the scheme’s entire command area. Results revealed that water deliveryand distribution system is not satisfactory. Head reach farmers utilize more water than the middle and tailend section without considering the actual crop water demand. Overall, irrigation efficiency was 27 %,emphasizing that current operational and maintenance policies should be changed to improve systemsperformance. Agriculture is the primary income source of people, and their living standard is inadequate.New technology adoption is rare due to poor education and knowledge on recent developments in agriculturetechnologies. Godkänd;2021;Nivå 0;2021-12-21 (johcin)

Published
2021

45. Personal energy management

Author

Kothari, Mahesh and Kleiner, Brian H.

Subjects
Management -- Methods, Physical fitness -- Management, Advertising, marketing and public relations, Business
Abstract

Individuals should learn how to harness and maximize their personal energy levels to survive the daily rigors of business. Personal energies, which help people utilize their creative potentials for productive activities, can work either positively or negatively. People should be able to discern between what they want to accomplish and the actual amount of energy that they have. Energy drains and blocks should be controlled to enhance goal achievement.

Published
1995

49. Comparative evaluation of different reference evapotranspiration models

Author

Arya, C. K., Purohit, R. C., Dashora, L. K., Singh, P. K., Kothari, Mahesh, Singh, Bhim, Arya, C. K., Purohit, R. C., Dashora, L. K., Singh, P. K., Kothari, Mahesh, and Singh, Bhim

Abstract

The study was carried out to select best alternative method for the estimation of reference evapotranspi-ration (ET0). Accurate estimation of potential evapotranspiration is a necessary step in water resource management. Recently, the FAO-56 version of Penman-Monteith equation has been established as a standard for calculating ref-erence evapotranspiration (ET0) which requires measurement of a number of meteorological parameters namely, air temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation, and wind speed which may not be available in most of the meteoro-logical stations. Still there are different approaches (requiring less data) which estimate ET0 closely to Penman- Monteith (P-M) method for different climatological conditions. The present study is based on analysis of long term of 13 years (2000 to 2012) climatic data to calculate monthly reference evapotranspiration for Capsicum production (September–March) and also to compare the performance of evapotranspiration equations for Jhalawar district of Rajasthan with the standard FAO-56 Penman-Monteith method on the basis of the least root mean square error (RMSE) analysis. Hargreaves method and Pan evaporation (E-Pan) method overestimated the values of ETo when compared with FAO-56 Penman-Monteith method. On the basis of lowest value of RMSE, Pan evaporation method is found best alternative method to FAO-56 Penman-Monteith method in the study area.

Published
2017

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