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Abstract Background The aim of this study was to compare and evaluate three AI-assisted cephalometric analysis platforms—CephX, WeDoCeph, and WebCeph—with the traditional digital tracing method using NemoCeph software. Material and method A total of 1500 lateral cephalometric films that met the inclusion criteria were classified as Class I, Class II, and Class III. Subsequently, 40 patients were randomly selected from each class. These selected films were uploaded to 3 AI-assisted cephalometric analysis platforms and analyzed without any manual intervention. The same films were also analyzed by an orthodontist using the NemoCeph program. Results The results revealed significant differences in key angular measurements (ANB, FMA, IMPA, and NLA) across Class I, II, and III patients when comparing the four cephalometric analysis methods (WebCeph, WeDoCeph, CephX, and NemoCeph). Notably, ANB (p

Background: In the postacute phase of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), survivors may have persistent symptoms, lung function abnormalities, and sequelae lesions on thoracic computed tomography (CT). This new entity has been defined as post-COVID interstitial lung disease (ILD) or residual disease. Aims: To evaluate the characteristics, risk factors and clinical significance of post-COVID ILD. Study Design: Multicenter cross-sectional analysis of data from a randomized clinical study. Methods: In this study, patients with persistent respiratory symptoms 3 months after recovery from COVID-19 were evaluated by two pulmonologists and a radiologist. post-COVID ILD was defined as the presence of respiratory symptoms, hypoxemia, restrictive defect on lung function tests, and interstitial changes on follow-up high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT). Results: At the three-month follow-up, 375 patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome were evaluated, and 262 patients were found to have post-COVID ILD. The most prevalent complaints were dyspnea (n = 238, 90.8%), exercise intolerance (n = 166, 63.4%), fatigue (n = 142, 54.2%), and cough (n = 136, 52%). The mean Medical Research Council dyspnea score was 2.1 ± 0.9, oxygen saturation was 92.2 ± 5.9%, and 6-minute walking distance was 360 ± 140 meters. The mean diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide was 58 ± 21, and the forced vital capacity was 70% ± 19%. Ground glass opacities and fibrotic bands were the most common findings on thoracic HRCT. Fibrosis-like lesions such as interlobular septal thickening and traction bronchiectasis were observed in 38.3% and 27.9% of the patients, respectively. No honeycomb cysts were observed. Active smoking [odds ratio (OR), 1.96; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.44-2.67), intensive care unit admission during the acute phase (OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.1-1.95), need for high-flow nasal oxygen (OR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.42-1.9) or non-invasive ventilation (OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 0.8-2.07), and elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase levels (OR, 1.23; 95% CI 1.18-1.28) were associated with the development of post-COVID ILD. At the 6-month follow-up, the respiratory symptoms and pulmonary functions had improved spontaneously without any specific treatment in 35 patients (13.4%). The radiological interstitial lesions had spontaneously regressed in 54 patients (20.6%). Conclusion: The co-existence of respiratory symptoms, radiological parenchymal lesions, and pulmonary functional abnormalities which suggest a restrictive ventilatory defect should be defined as post-COVID-19 ILD. However, the term “fibrosis” should be used carefully. Active smoking, severe COVID-19, and elevated lactate dehydrogenase level are the main risk factors of this condition. These post-COVID functional and radiological changes could disappear over time in 20% of the patients.

Stroke is a serious cerebrovascular disease that can cause disability and death if not diagnosed and treated early. Stroke is the leading cause of death among neurological diseases. In this case study, we describe the therapeutic history of decompression surgery in a 72-year-old patient with motor and cognitive function deficits after acute ischaemic stroke.

Background: Optic neuritis, myelitis, and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) have been associated with antibodies against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-immunoglobulin G (anti-MOG-IgG). Furthermore, patients with radiological and demographic features atypical for multiple sclerosis (MS) with optic neuritis and myelitis also demonstrate antibodies against aquaporin-4 and anti-MOG-IgG. However, data on the diagnosis, treatment, follow-up, and prognosis in patients with anti-MOG-IgG are limited. Aims: To evaluate the clinical, radiological, and demographic characteristics of patients with anti-MOG-IgG. Study Design: Multicenter, retrospective, observational study. Methods: Patients with blood samples demonstrating anti-MOG-IgG that had been evaluated at the Neuroimmunology laboratory at Ondokuz Mayıs University’s Faculty of Medicine were included in the study. Results: Of the 104 patients with anti-MOG-IgG, 56.7% were women and 43.3% were men. Approximately 2.4% of the patients were diagnosed with MS, 15.8% with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), 39.4% with NMOSD, 31.3% with isolated optic neuritis, and 11.1% with isolated myelitis. Approximately 53.1% of patients with spinal involvement at clinical onset demonstrated a clinical course of NMOSD. Thereafter, 8.8% of these patients demonstrated a clinical course similar to MS and ADEM, and 28.1% demonstrated a clinical course of isolated myelitis. The response to acute attack treatment was lower and the disability was higher in patients aged > 40 years than patients aged < 40 years at clinical onset. Oligoclonal band was detected in 15.5% of the patients. Conclusion: For patients with NMOSD and without anti-NMO antibodies, the diagnosis is supported by the presence of anti-MOG-IgG. Furthermore, advanced age at clinical onset, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score at clinical onset, spinal cord involvement, and number of attacks may be negative prognostic factors in patients with anti-MOG-IgG.

The CoCrFeNi high entropy alloy (HEA) with face-centered cubic (FCC) crystal structure exhibits excellent ductility values even at cryogenic temperatures. However, since this HEA is relatively weak in strength, it may not meet the requirements of industrial applications in terms of strength-ductility trade-off. Therefore, the systematic addition of yttrium (Y) into CoCrFeNi HEA was investigated in the present study to increase the strength by solid solution and second phase strengthening. The HEAs were produced by vacuum arc melting, suction casting, and subsequent homogenization at 1150 °C for 24 h. The structural development of the HEAs was investigated by using the X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique revealing the formation of a solid solution phase and Ni3Y-type hexagonal structure (HS) second phase. The corresponding microstructure of the HEAs was examined under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealing the transformation of the microstructure from elongated grains to nearly equiaxed grains with the increase of Y content from 2 at. % to 4 at. %. The mechanical properties of the HEAs were investigated by using hardness and compression tests. The results exhibited a dramatic increase in the hardness from 143 (±2) HV to 335 (±7) HV and in the yield strength from 130 MPa to 1025 MPa with 4 at. % Y addition. Our study has revealed that the addition of rare earth Y element results in further development in the strength of the CoCrFeNi for potential engineering applications.

Abstract Cotranslational protein folding depends on general chaperones that engage highly diverse nascent chains at the ribosomes. Here we discover a dedicated ribosome-associated chaperone, Chp1, that rewires the cotranslational folding machinery to assist in the challenging biogenesis of abundantly expressed eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1A (eEF1A). Our results indicate that during eEF1A synthesis, Chp1 is recruited to the ribosome with the help of the nascent polypeptide-associated complex (NAC), where it safeguards eEF1A biogenesis. Aberrant eEF1A production in the absence of Chp1 triggers instant proteolysis, widespread protein aggregation, activation of Hsf1 stress transcription and compromises cellular fitness. The expression of pathogenic eEF1A2 variants linked to epileptic-dyskinetic encephalopathy is protected by Chp1. Thus, eEF1A is a difficult-to-fold protein that necessitates a biogenesis pathway starting with dedicated folding factor Chp1 at the ribosome to protect the eukaryotic cell from proteostasis collapse.

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the frequency, clinical and genetic characteristics, and therapeutic options associated with Fabry disease (FD) in individuals with acute stroke and concomitant renal insufficiency. Material and Methods: An FD screening was performed on adult patients with renal dysfunction who were admitted to the neurology clinic due to acute stroke between 2015 and 2021. Screening was performed by a leukocyte α-galactosidase A (α-Gal A) enzyme activity assay using dried blood spot (DBS) samples from male patients. In cases where the enzyme activity was less than 2.5 nmol/ml/h, genetic analysis was performed. Female patients underwent direct genetic analysis. Results: Renal dysfunction was detected in 39 ischemic stroke patients and 5 hemorrhagic stroke patients out of a total of 401 cases. The enzyme level was found low in only one of the male patients. The c.680G>A (p.R227Q) mutation was observed in this male patient and a female patient. In the later stages of the study, it was realized with the help of pedigree analysis that these two cases were first-degree relatives. The same mutation was also detected in 13 first-degree and 2 second-degree relatives. The frequency of FD in our study group, which included patients with cerebral and renal involvement regardless of consanguinity, was 4.54%. Conclusion: Rapid detection of FD cases can be achieved by screening individuals presenting with multiple end-organ damages. To the best of our knowledge, this study highlights the underemphasized association between renal involvement and stroke in FD.

Skin cancer has emerged as a grave health concern leading to significant mortality rates. Diagnosis of this disease traditionally relies on specialist dermatologists who interpret dermoscopy images using the ABCD rule. However, the integration of computer-aided diagnosis technologies is gaining popularity as a means to assist clinicians in accurate skin cancer diagnosis, overcoming potential challenges associated with human error. The objective of this research is to develop a robust system for the detection of skin cancer by employing machine learning algorithms for skin lesion classification and detection. The proposed system utilizes Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), a highly accurate and efficient deep learning technique well-suited for image classification tasks. By using the power of CNN, this system effectively classifies various skin diseases in dermoscopic images associated with skin cancer The MNIST HAM10000 dataset, comprising 10015 images, serves as the foundation for this study. The dataset encompasses seven distinct skin diseases falling within the realm of skin cancer. In this study, diverse transfer learning methods were used and evaluated to enhance the performance of the system. By comparing and analyzing these approaches the highest accuracy rate was obtained using the MobileNetV2 model with a rate of 80.79% accuracy.

Background: The coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic has contributed to work-related psychosocial risks in healthcare workers. Aims: To evaluate the perceived need for mental health services and related factors in Turkish healthcare workers practicing in pandemic hospitals. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Data were collected from face-to-face interviews with healthcare workers at 19 pandemic hospitals in 13 provinces between September and November 2021. The study survey included the evaluation of the perceived need for and utilization of mental health services in the previous year, as well as sociodemographic, health-related, and work-related characteristics, the General Health Questionnaire-12, the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQoL-BREF) questionnaire, and the Fear of coronavirus disease-2019 scale (FCV-19S). Results: Of 1,556 participants, 522 (33.5%) reported a perceived need for mental health services, but only 133 (8.5%) reported receiving these services. Multiple logistic regression analysis of the perceived need for mental health services revealed significant relationships with lower age, female sex, being a current smoker, having a chronic disease, having a mental disorder, coronavirus disease-2019 contact within the last three months in settings other than the home or workplace, a positive coronavirus disease-2019 vaccination history, being a physician, being a non-physician healthcare professional, and coronavirus disease-2019 contact within the last three months at work. After adjustment for these characteristics, higher General Health Questionnaire-12 and FCV-19S scores and lower WHOQoL-BREF domain scores were related to the perceived need for mental health services in logistic regression analyses. Conclusion: The findings indicate a substantial need for mental health services amongst Turkish healthcare workers during the pandemic and outline participants’ characteristics regarding high-priority groups for the intervention. Future research may focus on developing actions and evaluating their efficiency.

Objective: Previous research suggests that high levels of fibrinogen and low levels of albumin are associated with the occurrence of ischemic stroke and the severity of the disease. As a recently described rational parameter, the fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio (FAR) has been studied in several conditions associated with inflammation and pro-coagulation, such as retinal venous occlusion, coronary artery disease, and cancers. This study aims to research the usefulness of FAR when diagnosing ischemic stroke and the prediction of its severity and prognosis. Materials and Methods: The study involved 52 patients with acute ischemic stroke and 39 control cases between the ages of 18 and 80. The demographics, medical history, primary diagnosis, examination findings, imaging findings, and laboratory tests of all patients were derived from our hospital records. Stroke severity was classified into three groups: mild, moderate, and severe. The FAR values were compared between the stroke and control groups and between the stroke severity groups. For statistical analysis, SPSS 23.0 (IBM) was used, and P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Fibrinogen levels and FAR values were significantly higher and albumin levels lower in the patients with stroke than in the control group (P < 0.001). The FAR cut-off value was 6.65 for the diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke; it was more sensitive and specific than albumin and fibrinogen. There were no significant differences between the severity stages of stroke, the etiologic subgroup of stroke, length of hospitalization, and short-term prognostic effect on patients with stroke in terms of FAR, fibrinogen, and albumin (P > 0.05). Conclusion: This study suggests that FAR would be an innovative, sensitive, and specific diagnostic marker for patients with acute ischemic stroke. However, it would be insufficient to predict stroke severity, etiology, and short-term prognosis.

Ti-6Al-4V alloy sheet is an engineering material that is widely used due to its superior properties such as high strength-to-density ratio besides high temperature and corrosion resistance. However, its low formability at room temperature limits its wider applications. In this study, a cylindrical cup was hydroformed using a female die to examine how the pulsating effect would result under frictional conditions. Initially, finite element simulations were performed to design a proper die geometry. Next, forming tests were run on Ti-6Al-4V blanks under pressure increased monotonically and with pulsation, and microstructural analyses were performed on the formed specimens. The effects of pulsation frequency, amplitude, and base pressure on the formability were investigated. The nose radius/thickness ratio, maximum thinning, bursting pressure, and die-filling ratio measured on the specimens formed under monotonic and pulsating loadings were compared, and the improvement in the formability was demonstrated. An increase of 38.5 % in bursting pressure occurred and the nose radius of the part was decreased up to 30 % with pulsating loading. The die-filling ratio was improved from 87.9 % to 95.3 % with optimized pulsation parameters. The underlying microstructural reasons for the improved formability were elaborated using XRD, SEM, and TEM analyses.

AbstractThe study aimed to determine the effects of using mechanically deboned chicken meat (MDCM) on the quality of bologna-type chicken sausage and chicken frankfurters. Sausages were formulated with control (0%), 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% MDCM replacing the chicken breast meat as raw material. The use of MDCM caused an increase in pH value of both sausage types. The use of MDCM up to 20% had no significant effect on TBARS value, while 40% MDCM and higher levels caused an increase in TBARS value. L* value of sausages was affected by MDCM. MDCM had no significant effect on a* value in bologna-type sausage, however, it increased a* value in frankfurters. A dispersion between the MDCM level and the textural properties in sausage types was determined by PCA, and the 20% MDCM group showed the closest relationship to control group in PCA. The results of heatmap of textural parameters showed that the use of more than 20% MDCM was not possible in bologna type sausage, although frankfurters were the same main cluster except 100% MDCM group. [Figure: see text]

Bu makalede Kur’an-sîret münasebetine ilişkin bir kaç husus üzerinde durulacak, bu hususların hem tefsir çalışmaları hem de sîret yazımı açısından önemine dikkat çekilecektir. Kur’an’ın uygulamalı tefsiri mesabesindeki sîret ve sünnet’in tefsirin temel kaynakları oldukları bilinmektedir. Diğer taraftan Kur’an da sîretin sahih kaynağı ve onun yazımı için mihver konumundadır. Buna karşılık bilimsel bir sîret yazımı doğru bir peygamber tasavvuruna, doğru bir peygamber tasavvuru ise Kur’an’ın hakemliğine ihtiyaç duymaktadır. Bu ise sîret/sünnet ile Kur’an arasında diyalektik bir ilişki ve iç içelik manasına gelmektedir. Kur’an’dan anlaşıldığına göre Hz. Peygamber’in sîreti, Kur’an ahlâkının onun şahsında bir hayat tarzı olarak şekillenmesi ve adalet ilkesinin onun uygulamalarında somutlaşmasıdır. Zira Hz. Peygamber’in söz, sükût ve davranışlarıyla şekillenen sîreti, aynı zamanda onun sünnetidir. Sünnetin Kur’an’ın uygulamalı tefsiri olduğunda ise ihtilaf yoktur. Bu bakımdan makalede Kur’an ile sîret arasında sıkı bir bağ olduğu konu edinilmiş, Kur’an’ın tamamının onun sîretinin vahye yansıyan kısmı olduğu üzerinde durulmuştur. Kur’an’da geçen günlük hâdiselere dair âyetlerden geçmiş peygamber kıssalarına ilişkin âyetlere kadar, bütün Kur’an’ın onun sîreti çerçevesinde değerlendirilmesi gerektiği savunulmuştur. Buna göre her tefsir çalışması, aynı zamanda büyük ölçüde bir sîret çalışmasıdır. Kanaatimizce bu husus, onun sîretine ilişkin tarihsel arka planı ele almadan ve diyalektik bir süreç işletmeden sağlıklı bir tefsir çalışmasının ve Kur’an’ın atmosferine giriş yapmanın mümkün olmayacağını göstermektedir.

A Hermeneutical Approach to the Holy Quran in the Context of Surah al-Mâûn Abstract Surah al-Mâûn is one of those disputed surahs of the Holy Quran. To begin with, it’s a matter of controversy whether the Surah belongs to the Mecca or Medina periods of Prophecy. Beside those who believe that the Surah, which consists of seven verses, was revealed at Medina in total, while there are also some mufassirs who think that three verses of the Surah were revealed at Mecca, and the remaining at Medina. It’s obvious that the origin of the dispute is the differentiation among various riwayats coming from the Sahabah. Furthermore, various arguments have been made about the meaning of such words as “sahûn” and “mâûn” included in the Surah; and the identity of the people mentioned in the Surah is a severely disputed question. This study prefers trying to understand the dispute by focusing on its historical background than solving it. By that, we analyze and understand the data, from which the dispute arises; thus, try to make it more comprehensible. The reason why we prefer focusing to understand the dispute than solving it is our wish to set forth an example of hermeneutical approach to the Holy Quran. By that example, our objective is to emphasize the significance of the comprehensive approach to the Quranic tafsir in general. As a matter of fact, such an endeavor will show that we need a new point of view not only for the Surah al-Mâûn but for any problems faced in the field of Quranic tafsir. We believe that this point of view is the original point of view of the first generation, whom history made us forgot. Keywords: Tafsir, Hermeneutics, Asbab al-Nuzûl (Circumstances of Revelation), Historicity, Surah al-Mâ’ûn el-Mâ‘ûn Sûresi Özelinde Bir Kur’ân Hermenötiği Denemesi Öz: Mâ’ûn sûresi etrafında pek çok ihtilafın bulunduğu sûrelerden biridir. Öncelikle sûrenin Mekkî-Medenîliği konusunda bir ihtilaf bulunmaktadır. Yedi âyetten müteşekkil olan sûrenin tamamının Mekke’de indiği görüşünde olanların yanında, ilk üç âyetinin Mekke’de, geri kalanının Medine’de indiği görüşünde olan müfessirler vardır. İhtilafların arkasında sahabeden gelen farklı rivâyetlerin olduğu görülmektedir. Ayrıca sûrede geçen “sâhûn” ve “mâ‘ûn” gibi sözcüklerin anlamı konusunda farklı görüşler olduğu gibi sûrede kendilerinden bahsedilenlerin kimler oldukları konusunda da ciddi görüş ayrılıkları bulunmaktadır. Biz bu çalışmamızda söz konusu ihtilafları çözmeye çalışmak yerine tarihsel arka planına odaklanarak anlamayı deneyeceğiz. Bununla ihtilaflara zemin teşkil eden verileri analiz ederek onları anlaşılır hale getirmeye çalışacağız. Bu çalışmanın sûredeki ihtilafları çözmek yerine onları anlamaya odaklanmasının nedeni, Kur’ân hermenötiğine dair bir örnek ortaya koymaktır. Bu örnekle, genel manada Kur’ân’ın anlaşılması ve tefsirinde anlamacı yaklaşımın önemini vurgulamış olacağız. Nitekim bu deneme sonucunda sadece Mâ’ûn sûresinde değil, genel manada Kur’ân tefsirinde karşılaşılan sorunlar için farklı bir bakış açısına ihtiyaç duyulduğu görülecektir. Bu bakış açısının tarihin bize unutturduğu ilk neslin özgün bakış açısı olduğu söylenebilir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Tefsir, Hermenötik, Sebeb-i Nüzûl, Tarihsellik, Mâ‘ûn Sûresi

Çevrimiçi ağ trafiği sınıflandırması, uzun vadeli ilginin odak noktası olmaya devam ediyor. Ağ trafiğini izleme ve ağ trafiği analizi birçok farklı yoldan yapılabilir. Ağ trafiğini izleme, hizmet kalitesi (QoS) için ham veri girişi sağlar ve bu da ağ analistine ağ kaynaklarını nasıl kullandığını anlama ve ağ performansını belirleme olanağı sağlar. Bu bilgi ile ağ analisti, ağ kaynaklarını kontrol etmek ve yönetmek için QoS politikalarını belirleyebilir. Ağ trafiğinin izlenmesi akademik araştırma için modeller oluşturmak için de kullanılabilir. Bu makalede derin öğrenme algoritması kullanılarak ağ trafiğini doğru şekilde sınıflandıran bir makine öğrenme yaklaşımı sunulmuştur. Aynı zamanda bu çalışmada diğer makine öğrenme algoritmaları ile karşılaştırmalar yapılmıştır. Çok Katmanlı Algılayıcı (MLP), ağın sınıflandırıcısını oluşturmak için kullanılmıştır. Deney sonuçları derin öğrenme algoritmasının diğer algoritmalardan daha iyi sonuç verdiğini ve sınıflandırmada %99,0233 Detection Rate (DR) değerine, %78,3941 doğruluğa (ACC) sahip olduğunu göstermiştir.

INTRODUCTION: With the increasing use of whole-exome sequencing, one of the challenges in identifying the causal allele for a Mendelian disease is the lack of availability of population-specific human genetic variation reference databases. The people of Turkey were not represented in GnomAD or other publicly available large databases until recently, when the first comprehensive genomic variation database, Turkish Variome (TRV), was published. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether TRV or other publicly available large genomic variation databases can reliably be used for rare disease variant evaluation in Turkish individuals. METHODS: Sixty non-disease-causing, non-synonymous variants (minor allele frequencies >1%) were identified in 58 genes that are known to be associated with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism from a large Turkish patient cohort. The allelic frequencies of these variants were then compared with those in various public genomic variation databases, including TRV. RESULTS: Our cohort variants showed the highest correlations with those in the TRV, Iranome, and The Greater Middle East Variome, in decreasing order. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the TRV is the appropriate database to use for rare genomic variant evaluations in the Turkish population. Our data also suggest that variomes from geographic neighborhoods may serve as substitute references for populations devoid of their own genomic variation databases.

Idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) is characterized by the absence of pubertal development and subsequent impaired fertility often due to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) deficits. Exome sequencing of two independent cohorts of IHH patients identified 12 rare missense variants in POU6F2 in 15 patients. POU6F2 encodes two distinct isoforms. In the adult mouse, expression of both isoform1 and isoform2 was detected in the brain, pituitary, and gonads. However, only isoform1 was detected in mouse primary GnRH cells and three immortalized GnRH cell lines, two mouse and one human. To date, the function of isoform2 has been verified as a transcription factor, while the function of isoform1 has been unknown. In the present report, bioinformatics and cell assays on a human-derived GnRH cell line reveal a novel function for isoform1, demonstrating it can act as a transcriptional regulator, decreasing GNRH1 expression. In addition, the impact of the two most prevalent POU6F2 variants, identified in five IHH patients, that were located at/or close to the DNA-binding domain was examined. Notably, one of these mutations prevented the repression of GnRH transcripts by isoform1. Normally, GnRH transcription increases as GnRH cells mature as they near migrate into the brain. Augmentation earlier during development can disrupt normal GnRH cell migration, consistent with some POU6F2 variants contributing to the IHH pathogenesis.

Within the scope of this study, seeds were collected from Gypsophila bicolor (Freyn&Sint.) Grossh plants in their natural environment and two different locations (Turkey). The research was carried out to determine the effects of paclobutrazol applied at different concentrations (0.6, 0.9, 1.2, 1.5- and 2.0-ml L-1) on the seedling height control in the cotyledon leaf stage of G. bicolor. As a result of the study, it was determined that the decrease in the number of leaves per plant was determined at a dose of 1.2 mg L-1 paclobutrazol. The effect of paclobutrazol treatments on the seedling height control of G. bicolor changed according to the genotype as well as the dose. As the dose of paclobutrazol applied increased, the number of side branches decreased. It was determined that the seedling stem thickness increased in 47.71% with the dose of 2.0 mg L-1 when compared to the control treatment. The application in which the highest chlorophyll (SPAD) value was obtained from the application with a dose of 1.5 mg L-1. The chlorophyll value of G2 (Genotype 2 (ERZ) (G2)) was higher than that of G1 (Genotype 1 (VAN)). Seedling biomass of G1 increased in 15.87% in 1.2 mg L-1 treatment when compared to control. In the present study, darker green leaves were obtained from the highest dose of paclobutrazol, 2.0 mg L-1. As a general result, it was concluded that 1.5 mg L-1 dose of paclobutrazol was sufficient for both genotypes for plant height control in the seedling period.