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The research included 50 female students 22 to 25 years old, out of which 25 made experimental group and 25 of them made control group. The research was aimed at the effects of aerobic exercise model on transformation of fitness component. The exercise model was realized with frequency of three times a week, and total of 36 training sessions. Each training lasted 60 minutes and included following sessions: introductory session, aerobic session, strength exercises and end session. For evaluation of cardio respiratory fitness, the systolic and diastolic artery blood pressure was measured, qas well as rest and load heart rate and VO2max. Body composition was assessed using BMI, (Sigma) skin folds, Body fat %, Muscle Mass % i Lean Body Mass%. Flexibility and muscle fitness was assessed using deep forward bend on the bench, v sit reach flexibility test, Over-arm Flip, Sit Ups Test, Back extension test, i Single Leg Squat. the basic parameters of descriptive statistics were calculated and in order to determine the differences between measurements Cohen effect size (EC) was applied. the effects were determined using MANCOVA and ANCOVA. Data assessment was cacarried out with statistical package SPSS 18.0. ...

Conducted research was focused on obtaining relevant information about the level of physical activity, physical fitness and quality of life of elderly urban and rural women. A sample of 974 respondents, aged 60 to 80 years, divided into two subgroups, according to the place of residence (622 respondents from urban areas and 352 respondents from rural areas), and in relation to BMI into: women with normal weight (n=298), overweight (n=255), and obese women (n=10). The level of physical activity of women, estimated by international IPAQ questionnaire, which contained four types of physical activity: work-related, transport, housework/ poultry and leisure time. Physical fitness was assessed using the Senior fitness Test- SFT (containing: back scratch, chair sit and reach, 8 foot up and go, 30 seconds stand from chair, arm curl and 2-minute step test). Quality of life was assessed by shorter version of the questionnaire of the World Health Organization- WHOQOL, which contained 26 questions grouped into four domains: physical health, psychological health, social relations and environment. To determine differences between groups, we used a multivariate and univariate analysis of variance (Manova/Anova), a test was performed differences t- test. The impact of physical activity on physical fitness and quality of life was assessed by regression analysis. Based on the set of objects, objectives and tasks of the research concluded that in certain domains of physical activity, physical fitness and quality of life, there are differences between women and urban and rural areas, protects the nutritional level. Also, it was found that physical activity significantly affects the physical fitness and quality of life of elderly women and urban and rural areas. It is necessary to work on raising awareness about the importance of physical activity for the health of women and the importance of a healthy lifestyle, especially practicing regular physical activity in this population group.

The research was conducted with the aim to establish the level of motor potential and level of body characteristics of cadet and junior Slovenian national team memebers, aged 13 to 16. Also, to determine the differences between three groups of male and three group of female judokas and their dependence to three weight categories. To determine relations between body characteristics and motor potential. The sample for this research was conducted of 330 subjects. Moter potential was determined with 10 parameters, and body characteristcs with three, including age. Results have shown that there are partial statistical difference of level of motor potential, and statistical difference of body characeteristics between subsamples. Motor potential and body characteristics showed partialy significant relations.

The goal itself of this doctoral dissertation was to establish the effects of physical exercise with resistance on students muscle potential. The participants in this program were divided in two groups: experimental group, and control group. In the final measuring participated 127 students, divided into groups: male experimental group (n39), male control group(n=24), female experimental group (n=48) and female control group(n=16). The experimental sample was made of students by different study program of the Biomedical study department at State University of Novi Pazar, age 20±1 yrs. The exercise program durance was 8 weeks, two sessions a week, 45 do maximum 65 minutes. After eight weeks of exercise program, there was a change in explosive muscle power of the lower limbs (p=0.018) at male experimental group, as it was in female experimental group(p=0.0001). There were noted also, statistically important, changes at female experimental group in dimension of explosive power of upper limbs (p=0.000). While, in this measured dimension, at male experimental group, there were not noticed any statistically important differences (p=0.146 p>0.05). There were also noted statistically important changes in static strength of lower limbs at male experimental group (р=0.004), as in female experimental group (р=0.000). The changes in static strength of the upper limbs at the male experimental group are not statistically important, at the same time at female experimental group there were changes (р=0.000). At the control group, which did not exercise by specially organized physical activities, there were no statistically significant changes at none of the measured variables.

This paper describes the structural and optical properties of Cu-Se thin films. The surface morphology of thin films was investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Formation of Cu-Se thin films is concluded to proceed unevenly, in the form of islands which later grew into agglomerates. The structural characterization of Cu-Se thin film was investigated using X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD). The presence of two-phase system is observed. One is the solid solution of Cu in Se and the other is low-pressure modification of CuSe2. The Raman spectroscopy was used to identify and quantify the individual phases present in the Cu-Se films. Red shift and asymmetry of Raman mode characteristic for CuSe2 enable us to estimate nanocrystal dimension. In the analysis of the far infrared reflection spectra, numerical model for calculating the reflectivity coefficient of layered system, which includes film with nanocrystalite inclusions (modeled by Maxwell -Garnett approximation) and substrate, has been applied. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The aim of the doctoral dissertation was to present the historical development of methodology of scientific research in sport and physical education in Serbia. The presentation of historical aspects of methodology of scientific research was performed using quantitative and qualitative analysis of an ample body of scientific papers published in leading Serbian scientific journals: 1. Facta Universitatis, Series: Physical Education and Sport; 2. Serbian Journal of Sports Sciences; 3. Exercise and Quality of Life; 4. Physical Culture. The methodology of scientific research in sport and physical education was thus reviewed completely, establishing its dynamics and trends of development. The historical and descriptive methods were used in the study of historical aspects of scientific research in sport and physical education. An instrument was created for the purpose of the study, and used in the classification and profiling of scientific research papers published in journals of sport and physical education in Serbia. Based on the above instrument, all published papers were classified into defined categories, observing the following parameters: research field, type of scientific research work, characteristics of samples of examinees (gender, age, number, status), sample of measuring instruments (data collection methods), data processing methods (statistical analysis), and research design (longitudinal or cross-sectional study). In the last phase of the study, a chi-square test was used to assess the differences in methodology of scientific research between the periods and between the journals. In view of the fact that the papers, in accordance to the above criteria, were previously classified and represented in tables, the frequency of observed characteristics of methodology of scientific research was established (field of research, type of research, examinee sample, sample of measuring instruments, data processing methods, etc.), and then the differences were identified

Prepubescent age is a very sensitive developmental period. Development of physical characteristics is determined by many factors, and performance of motor tasks, among others, depends on the physical characteristics of children. One of the important aspects of development, which is associated with physical and motor development, is nutritional status. Nutritional status of children is one of the most important indicators of health, mental and physical capabilities and potential for normal and healthy growth and development. Increased body mass in overweight and obese children was often associated with a delay in motor development and creation of motor habits. Aims of this transversal study were to: 1) Determine the trend of changes in morpho-motoric status in subjects of different ages, depending on nutritional status; 2) Determine the differences in morpho-motoric status; 3) Determine the trend of relations of morphological characteristics and motor abilities. The overall sample consisted of 418 subjects, aged 7 to 10, who attended elementary schools in the town of Nis. Based on age, subjects were divided into four subsamples. Subjects were also divided into three groups, depending on nutritional status (BMI). The first group consisted of normal weight, the second of overweight, and the third of obese subjects. The evaluation of morphological characteristics was determined by measures of longitudinal dimensionality (body height, leg length, arm length), transversal dimensionality (shoulder width, pelvic width and hip width), circular dimensionality (thorax volume, upper arm volume, thigh volume and calf volume) and body weight, as well as with measures of subcutaneous fat tissue (triceps skin folds, sub-scapular skin folds, abdominal skin folds, thigh skin folds and medial calf skin folds). Motor abilities (explosive strength, coordination and speed), were determined by applying a battery of nine tests. For the assessment of explosive strength, measuring instrument

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of dry-land strength training on changes in muscle strength and power, swimming specific motor abilities, and swimming results in young swimmers. The participant sample comprised 60 swimmers aged 10-12 and 13-14 years, divided into two experimental and two control groups. Measures included 11 variables for strength and power assessment, 16 variables for the assessment of specific motor abilities, and 2 for assessing results in 100m crawl and breaststroke disciplines. The duration of the experimental training program was 12 weeks. Compared with the controls, the experimental groups had additional dry-land strength training for large muscle groups of the whole body. Following the application of the experimental program, statistically significant effects were identified in terms of enhanced leg muscle explosive strength, start speed up to 10m, swimming velocity at 10m, and turn length for breaststroke in swimmers aged 10-12. With swimmers aged 13-14 years, there was improvement in leg extensor muscle absolute strength, stroke efficiency, and swimming speed at 100m crawl. Regarding mutual correlation and influence, the greatest influence on the results obtained came from: arm and shoulder endurance in strength, arm and shoulder belt explosive and absolute strength, abdominal muscles endurance in strength, abdominal muscles endurance in strength, leg and back extensor muscle absolute and relative strength. Based on the total analysis, it is concluded that the applied experimental program should be modified in further training process by increasing the training load (intensity and range) with the aim of achieving greater training effects which would in turn transform and improve swimming results in swimmers aged 10-12 and 13-14 years.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of recreational soccer (SOC) compared to moderate-intensity continuous running (RUN) on all health-related physical fitness components in healthy untrained men. Sixty-nine participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: a soccer training group (SOC; n=20, 34±4 (means±SD) years, 78.1±8.3 kg, 179±4 cm); a running group (RUN; n=21, 32±4 years, 78.1±5.4 kg, 179±7 cm); or a passive control group (CON; n=23, 30±3 years, 76.6±12.0 kg, 178±8 cm). Sixty-four of the participants completed the programme. The training intervention lasted 12 weeks and consisted of three 60-min sessions per week. All participants were tested for each of the following physical fitness components: body composition, muscular fitness, cardiorespiratory fitness and flexibility. Over the 12 weeks, VO2max relative to body weight increased more (p<0.05) in SOC (24.2%, ES=1.20) and RUN (21.5%, ES=1.17) than in CON (-3.7%, ES=-0.18), partly due to large changes in body mass (-5.9, -5.7 and +2.6 kg, p<0.05 for SOC, RUN and CON, respectively). Over the 12 weeks, SJ and CMJ performance increased more (p<0.05) in SOC (14.8 and 12.1%, ES=0.81 and 1.08) than in RUN (3.3 and 3.0%, ES=0.19 and 0.23) and CON (0.3 and 0.2%), while flexibility also increased more (p<0.05) in SOC (94%, ES=0.97) than in RUN and CON (0–2%). In conclusion, untrained men displayed marked improvements in maximal aerobic power after 12 weeks of soccer training and moderate-intensity running, partly due to large decreases in body mass. Additionally soccer training induced pronounced positive effects on jump performance and flexibility, making soccer an effective broad-spectrum fitness training intervention.

ZnS nanoparticles were synthesized mechanochemically by high-energy milling. In order to investigate influence off milling time to sample properties, samples were produced in three different milling times (5 min, 10 min and 20 min). The morphology of samples has been investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). X-ray diffraction (XRD) investigation of synthesized nanocrystals identified cubic structure. From XRD, ZnS size of crystallites was estimated as 1.9 nm (after 5 min milling time), 2.3 nm (10 min) and 2.4 nm (20 min), implying that we are in strong confinement regime. The optical properties were studied by Raman spectroscopy, in spectral region 100-500 cm(-1), excitation source was 514.5 nm (E-L = 2.41 eV), which means that we are in off resonant regime. Dominant spectral structures, of comparable intensity, are registered in spectral region 130-180 cm(-1), around 265 cm(-1) and around 345 cm(-1). First two are assigned as second-order ZnS modes. A theoretical model of continuum medium was used to calculate frequencies of the confined optical phonons in ZnS. Satisfactory agreement with experimental results was found and mode at 345 cm(-)1 is assigned as LO type phonon confined in ZnS nanocrystal. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the implementation of the two training programs in the course of two weeks on the change in explosive strength parameters, as well as to determine whether the possible effects were caused by the vibration stimulation of muscles or whether these effects were just the results of the isometric training. The total subject sample in this research comprised 60 male subjects aged 21 ± 6 months, who were randomly divided into three groups. First experimental group (n=15) was comprised of subjects included into the specially programmed vibration training of low frequences with Flexi-bar, second experimental group (n=15) was comprised of subjects included into the specially programmed isometric training group and the third control group (n=30) was comprised of subjects who were not classified into any training program group. Subjects were tested at the beginning and in the end of the experimental program by the explosive strength evaluation tests for the upper and lower limbs. On the basis of the statistical significance it can be determined that the experimental program has partially influenced the explosive strength of the lower limbs, that is the variable time of eccentric contraction in the subjects who were included into the specially programmed vibration training. Analysis of the obtained research results shows that the application of the vibration training with Flexi-bar and the application of the isometric training do not show any statistically significant effect in the change of the other variables of the explosive strength of the upper and lower limbs, however there are changes in the mean values of the observed parameters.

Far-infrared reflectivity spectra, in spectral region 50-600 cm(-1) and temperature region 80-300 K, of CdS and Cd1-xMnxS nanocrystals embedded in hexametaphosphate, are presented. The analysis of the far-infrared experimental reflectivity spectrum was made by the fitting procedure. The Maxwell-Garnet effective medium theory is used for modeling an effective dielectric function as well as to separate respond from nanoparticles. To analyze spectra in CdS omega(TO)(approximate to 238 cm(-1)) to omega(TO)(approximate to 305 cm(-1)) spectral region, quantized dipolar modes in a spherical isotropic material quantum dot (QD) are considered in the framework of a continuum model. As to the mechanical boundary conditions rigid sphere is concerned. Experimental far-infrared reflectivity spectra of our samples are in general agreement with the predictions of this model. Experimentally registered and through fitting procedure located features for CdS nanoparticles in spectral region below CdS omega(TO) at: approximate to 102 cm(-1), approximate to 135 cm(-1), approximate to 170 cm(-1) and approximate to 210 cm(-1) are associated to defect induced modes, especially to defects located near the surface of CdS QD. In region over CdS omega(LO), modes are identified as multiphonons. In Cd1-xMnxS QD spectra new reflectivity peaks are at: approximate to 85 cm(-1), approximate to 110 cm(-1) and approximate to 180 cm(-1) in spectral region below CdS omega(TO), approximate to 270 cm(-1) inside CdS omega(TO)-omega(LO) spectral region and approximate to 356 cm(-1) and approximate to 376 cm(-1) in region over CdS omega(LO). First two registered modes are associated to both mass and force constant defects at the surface, and rest four modes are consequence of MnS phases present in the sample. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier B.V.

We have synthesized CdS and Cd0 7Mn0 3S nanocrystals with diameters of about 45 nm These materials have been studied using photoluminescence spectroscopy with various excitation energies in the temperature range from 1 8 to 300 K We registered surface and defect states as well as two Mn2+ energy levels that correspond to Mn2+ ions in two different crystal environments. In addition, the resonant behavior of one Mn state excited by 514.5 nm wavelength of laser light has been clearly observed in obtained spectra We proposed the scheme of energy levels and transitions that explain obtained experimental results (C) 2010 Elsevier B V. All rights reserved

The nanocomposite consisting of PbS quantum dots with average diameter of 26 A and polyvinyl alcohol was characterized using photoluminescence and far-infrared spectroscopy. Photoluminescence spectra of nanocomposite, measured in temperature range from 8 to 280 K, consists of broad peak which spans the energy range from 1.2 to 2.1 eV and can be connected with trap states inside the band gap. Far-infrared measurements are consistent with theoretical calculations that include mechanical boundary conditions at the quantum dot - host interface. Observed peak at 90 cm(-1) can be assigned to coupled modes with l(p) = 1, while broad peak at 275 cm(-1) is above any lattice frequency and is close to sum of the frequencies of the l(p) = 0 acoustic and l(p) = 0 coupled optical mode of PbS quantum dots. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A nanocomposite consisting of lead sulfide (PbS) nanoparticles (NPs) with average diameter of 26 angstrom, according to absorption threshold shift, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was characterized using far-infrared absorption spectroscopy. The experimental results are consistent with theoretical calculations that include proper mechanical boundary conditions at the nanocrystal-host interface.