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Smallholder layer-chicken farming in Indonesia is essential to ensure national food production, food security, and economic resilience. During the COVID-19 pandemic, small-scale layer-chicken farming exhibited adaptability. This study aims to assess the smallholder layer-chicken farmers resilience in Indonesia during the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. This research employed cross-sectional data collected from February to July 2023 from 114 smallholder layer chicken farmers in West Java, Central Java, and East Java using a purposive sampling technique. Data analysis used descriptive statistics, financial analysis, and the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. The results showed that the COVID-19 pandemic impacted the decline in the population and production of layerchicken at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic but subsequently demonstrated an increase afterward. Financial analyses showed an increase in operational costs, specifically feed and labor, during the COVID-19 pandemic. The layer-chicken farms could adapt and maintain profitability amidst increasing operational costs. The findings showed that the COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted increasing feed costs (p<0.05) and labor costs (p<0.05). The revenue-cost ratio remained relatively stable. The study also showed significant differences in profit levels before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic (p<0.05). Profit levels decreased during the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic and recovered afterward, showcasing the smallholder layer chicken farmer's resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings offer valuable insights for policy formulation aimed at fortifying the resilience demonstrated by smallholder layer-chicken farming in Indonesia amidst the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic and other potential crises in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ayam leher gundul adalah ayam asli/lokal Indonesia yang belum banyak diketahui informasinya dalam hal sejarah, potensi, dan karakteristik; sehingga belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Ciri yang paling menonjol dari ayam leher gundul adalah tidak mempunyai bulu dibagian lehernya. Untuk mempertahankannya, metode konservasi yang telah dilakukan oleh Balai Penelitian Ternak (Balitnak) adalah dengan memelihara ternak hidup, akan tetapi dengan keterbatasan sarana dan prasarana tidak dapat dilanjutkan. Data performan ayam leher gundul yang dipelihara di Balitnak sudah terkumpul dan ditabulasi. Alternatif konservasi yang dilakukan oleh Balitnak untuk mempertahankan plasma nutfah ayam leher gundul adalah berupa primordial germ cell (PGC) yang dibekukan pada suhu -196 oC yang sewaktu-waktu dibutuhkan dapat ditransfer ke embrio resipien. Sumber PGC yang di koleksi adalah dari darah dan gonad embrio. Berdasarkan potensi yang dimilikinya, ayam leher gundul memiliki performan yang baik, sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai ayam lokal penghasil daging dan telur. Tulisan ini diharapkan dapat bermanfaat sebagai data pendukung bagi upaya pelestarian dan pengembangan ayam-ayam lokal yang ada di Indonesia, khususnya ayam leher gundul dan umumnya ayam-ayam lokal Indonesia lainnya.

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Objective: Different sources and levels of starch in the total mixed ration might result in different rumen fermentation profiles, rumen microbial composition, and enteric methane production. The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary starch intake on enteric methane production through a meta-analytical approach by integrating related published studies., Materials and Methods: Papers that provided study results on enteric methane production from cattle fed different sources and levels of starch were selected. A total of 52 publications were filtered based on some specified criteria, comprised of 73 studies focused on enteric methane production in cattle fed a basal diet supplemented with starch. The collected data were subjected to statistical meta-analysis through a mixed methodology model. The p -value and root mean square error (RMSE) were applied as the statistical models., Results: Results showed that increasing the level of dietary starch intake and its digestibility in the rumen as well as increasing propionate significantly decreased the acetate to propionate (A/P) ratio as well as enteric methane production ( p < 0.01)., Conclusions: It is concluded that the addition of starch to diets mitigates enteric methane production from cattle, primarily through two ways, i.e., manipulation of the protozoa population and alteration to a lower A/P ratio., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (Copyright: © Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research.)

Objective: This study aims to determine the protein profile based on molecular weight (MW) and testosterone levels in seminal plasma (SP) that correlates to the semen quality of candidate Madura bulls., Material and Methods: A total of 10 male candidate madura bulls underwent semen evaluation (motility, viability, membrane plasma integrity (MPI), and sperm concentration). The centrifuge was run at 1,200 rpm (4°C) for 20 min to collect SP. SP testosterone levels were measured using an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The characterization of SP proteins in Madura bulls was done using 1D sodium dodecyl-sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis. All parameters were analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis., Result: The results of the SDS-PAGE analysis found eight protein bands with the highest MW of 110 kDa and the lowest of 12 kDa. The mean and SD of SP testosterone levels were 20.58 ± 8.56 ng/ml, motility 59.32% ± 20.14%, viability 67.45% ± 20.22%, MPI 32.77% ± 16.52%, and sperm concentration 1,002.64 ± 429.33 10 6 /mm 3 . Proteins with MWs of 110 and 91 kDa significantly correlated with MPI, and 110 kDa negatively correlated with sperm concentration ( p < 0.05). Proteins with MWs of 73 and 36 kDa significantly correlated with SP testosterone levels, while proteins with MWs of 29 kDa significantly correlated with sperm viability ( p < 0.05)., Conclusion: The expressed protein fraction based on MW is closely related to the quality of semen, so it has the potential to be a biomarker of semen quality. Further research is needed to determine the specific proteins in certain fractions., Competing Interests: The authors declare there is no conflict of interest regarding the manuscript., (Copyright: © Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research.)