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2. Effectiveness of neem seed oil (Azadirachta indica A. Juss: Meliaceae) on Syllepte derogata Fabricius, Lepidoptera: Pyralidae

Author

Ganda, Haffizou, Togbé, Euloge C., Houndété, Thomas A., Boukari, Elisabeth T. Zannou, Gogan, Mohamed, Dagbénonbakin, Gustave D., and Kossou, Dansou K.

Subjects
Phyllophagous pest, integrated pest management, leaf-dipping method, larval immersion, Lethal Concentration
Abstract

Objective: Synthetic insecticides have long been used for cotton protection, resulting in pest resistance, toxicity and environmental pollution. Biopesticides have been suggested as alternatives to synthetic pesticides. Both field and laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of neem oil in controlling Syllepte derogata (Fabricius), a cotton phyllophagous pest.Methodology and Results: In the field trials, effect of neem oil was compared to that of conventional insecticides; while in the laboratory direct larval immersion and leaf dip method using EMA SUPER 56DC and neem oil were tested. Decrease in damage by S. derogata for about 63 and 86% was recorded with neem oil and synthetic insecticides. In the laboratory, the mortality of S. derogata after 24 hours exposure to neem oil and Ema Super was significantly higher (2.5 to 100%) than that of the control. The mortality of larvae of S. derogata was positively correlated with the concentration of neem oil and exposure time. Lethal Concentration (LC50) after 24 hours exposure of larvae was respectively 4.03 104 ml/l and 51.13 ml/l forleaf dipping method and larval immersion.Conclusion and application of results: Overall, these results showed the efficacy of neem oil in controlling S. derogata, as a biopesticide. This oil could also constitute a successful alternative to synthetic pesticides. However, the effectiveness of neem oil appeared to be weakened by the rapid degradation of the active substances, azadirachtin in particular. Indeed, azadirachtin, the main active ingredient of neem is photo and heat labile. It easily degrades under high solar radiations and high temperatures, hence the need for stabilization.Keywords: Phyllophagous pest, integrated pest management, leaf-dipping method, larval immersion, Lethal Concentration.

Published
2019

17. Efficacy of plant extracts against the cowpea beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus.

Author

Boeke, Sara J, Barnaud, Cécile, van Loon, Joop JA, Kossou, Dansou K, van Huis, Arnold, and Dicke, Marcel

Subjects
COWPEA weevil, PLANT extracts, PEST control, ESSENTIAL oils, LEGUME diseases & pests, PLANT products
Abstract

Traditionally used African plant powders, with a known effect against the cowpea beetle Callosobruchus maculatus in stored cowpea, were extracted with water. The extracts, 13 volatile oils, 2 non-volatile oils and 8 slurries, were evaluated for their toxic and repellent effects against the beetle. Application of volatile oils led in most cases to a reduced number of eggs on treated beans. The volatile oils of Cymbopogon nardus and C. schoenanthus caused the majority of the eggs not to develop into adult beetles. Repellent effects were found for Clausena anisata , Cymbopogon citratus , Cymbopogon nardus , a mixture of Cymbopogon citratus and Cymbopogon flexuosus , Hyptis spicigera , Tagetes minuta and for two samples of Ocimum basilicum. Non-volatile oils were not repellent and had no effect on the number of eggs laid, but the development of these eggs was hampered, most so by Azadirachta indica oil. None of the slurries had a toxic effect on the beetles, but the slurries obtained from Carica papaya , Dracaena arborea and Tephrosia vogelii were repellent, whereas the slurry from Azadirachta indica leaves was attractive. Oils, both volatile and non-volatile, were easily extracted from plant material and showed promising results as a protective agent for stored cowpea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2004
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