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Teachers’ professional identity is a component of professionality closely linked to students’ learning. It is both a provisional state and a living process (Gohier et al., 2001). Due to their disciplinary and cross-disciplinary dimensions, languages and cultures contribute to research into professional identity as a dynamic system (Cicurel, 2011; Muller, 2021). The professional identity of teachers of (foreign) languages and cultures deserves to be considered in the light of diverse multilingual and societal contexts, as well as the issues linked to every student’s academic achievement, as suggested by recent international reports (OECD, 2022).Our study is based on the end-of-module assessment of language didactics students in the first year of a master’s degree in primary education (in France). The assessment situation invited the students to reflect on their future professional activity by highlighting the role of languages and cultures. We analyzed the range of interrelationships between the various indicators derived from the examination papers in order to reveal traces of a professional identity and their unique manifestations for these students.

This article seeks to identify the potential and limitations of using authentic virtual reality (VR) resources to learn English by a public from the Language for Specialists in Other Disciplines (LANSOD) sector, in a self-access centre (SAC) at the University of Lorraine. The study set up, within the framework of workshops intended to discover 360° immersive videos through different digital tools, is interested in the perceptions and feedback of a cohort of students in Master 2 of French as a foreign language in an informal situation of oral comprehension in English. A questionnaire and a phenomenologically inspired methodology were used to collect the data. The results show the potential of these resources for learning extra-language knowledge as well as language knowledge in a foreign language leisure situation. They also reveal the effects of the technologies used, the resource scenarios and multimodality on the learning observed. These elements are all criteria for curating VR resources in SAC. Finally, perspectives on the necessary cognitive support needed for the relevant use of VR in SAC are suggested.

Abstract: This work studies structural and various electrical properties of polycrystalline La0.7Sr0.25 Na0.05 Mn0.9Ti0.1O3 (LSNMTi), which were prepared by standard solid state reaction technique. The formation of a single phase rhombohedral structure of the composition was confirmed by the X-ray diffraction study. The electrical behavior of sintered pellets investigated by impedance spectra has shown frequency dependent behavior. Both conductivity and electric modulus formalisms have been used to study the relaxation dynamics of charge carriers. The variation of ac conductivity with frequency at different temperatures obeys the universal Jonscher׳s power law (σ ac αw). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This study was conducted in order to identify the failure rate of the first arterio-venous fistula (AVF) in patients starting hemodialysis (HD) with a central venous catheter (CVC) and to search for factors responsible for this failure. A retrospective study was conducted on 85 patients on chronic HD in Abidjan, from March 15 th to April 15 th , 2007. Factors that could poten-tially influence the failure of the first AVF were collected. Statistical analysis was used for com-parison between groups. Among the study subjects, 7.14% had AVF at the start of their dialysis as against 92.86% who had CVC. About 50% of the patients starting dialysis with CVC failed to have an AVF created within 90 days of commencing dialysis. The number of catheters inserted was significantly higher in patients with failed first AVF as compared to their counterparts (49.29 % versus 30.77%) (p< 0.001). Similarly, the number of attempts at AVF creation, within 90 days of starting HD, was significantly higher in patients with failed first AVF (81.48% versus 18.52%) (p< 0.001). Multivariate analysis did not reveal any specific factor(s) that influenced the failure rate of the first AVF. Our study suggests that a very small number of patients in Ivory Coast started dialysis with an AVF. The failure rate of the first AVF in patients starting dialysis on CVC is about 50%.

Two-year-old Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) seedlings were exposed to traffic emissions along roadsides with three different traffic densities and speed limits; highway, street and a quiet local road. The responses of the exposed seedlings as a host plant and those of spruce shoot aphid (Cinara pilicornis Hartig) were studied. The concentrations of soluble N and free amino acids, defence chemicals (total phenolics, monoterpenes) were analysed, and aphid growth and reproduction were studied. Along the highway, street and at the local roadcontrol site, the atmospheric concentrations of black carbon (BC) and oxides of N (NOx) were measured for 1 week during the experiment. The BC data indicate deposition of organic particulate compounds along the highway and street. The NOx concentrationsalong the highway and street showed great diurnal variation, but theaverage NOx concentrations were relatively low. Thus, no changes in N metabolism or growth of the exposed Norway spruce seedlings were found. Along the street, the concentrations of many individual free amino acids, such as proline, as well as total amino acid concentrations, were lower than at the associated control site. Correspondingly, there was also no increase in spruce shoot aphid mean relative growth rate. The aphid reproduction, however, increased along the highway and is suggested to be due to more conducive microclimatic conditions at the exposure site or lack of natural enemies. No changes in defence chemicals (total phenolics, monoterpenes) in relation to the traffic exposure were found. Instead, the microclimatic conditions(temperature, solar irradiation) seemed to affect the concentration of total phenolics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of motor vehicle exhaust gas on Norway spruce seedlings (Picea abies (L.) Karst) and plant/insect interaction of spruce shootaphid (Cinara pilicornis Hartig) was studied. The exhaust gas concentrations in the fumigation chambers were monitored and controlled by measuring the concentration of nitrogen oxides (NOx) with a computer aided feedback system. The concentrations of major exhaustgas components (black carbon [BC], fine particles, VOCs and carbonylcompounds) in the chamber air were also measured. Reponses of Norwayspruce seedlings to a 2 and 3-week exhaust gas exposure and subsequent performance of spruce shoot aphid were studied using realistic exposure regimes; 50, 100 and 200 ppb NOx. The feedback control system based on NOx concentrations proved an adequate and practical means for controlling the concentration of exhaust gasesand studying plant responses in controlled environment chambers. Theexhaust exposure resulted in increased concentrations of proline, glutamine, threonine, aspartic acid, glycine and phenylalanine and decreased concentration of arginine, serine, alanine and glycine in youngneedles. No changes in soluble N concentrations were observed. The results are interpreted as a stress response rather than use of NOx as a nitrogen source. No changes in total phenolics and onlytransient changes in some individual terpene concentrations were detected. The exhaust gas exposure stressed the exposed seedlings, but had no significant effect on N metabolism or the production of defencechemicals. Aphid performance was not significantly affected. SolubleN, secondary metabolism and aphid performance were not sensitive to exhaust gas exposure during shoot elongation in Norway spruce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reveals the crucial structural, magnetic, and electrical properties of La 0.7 Sr 0.25 Na 0.05 Mn 0.8 Ti 0.2 O 3 (LSNMTO) manganite, highlighting the significance of this material in the field of materials science. Gain a deeper understanding of the promising properties of LSNMTO and its potential for technological advancement by delving into this informative article. The X-ray diffraction data of the LSNMTO indicate that this ceramic solid solution crystallizes in the R 3̄ c rhombohedral structure. The magnetic results confidently demonstrate that the LSNMTO ceramic undergoes a transition from paramagnetic to ferromagnetic phases around 125 K. This significant finding could pave the way for further progress in the field of materials science. The DC conductivity response confirms the semiconductor nature of the elaborated compound over the studied temperature domain. Such behavior is linked to the contribution of the small polaron hopping mechanism at elevated temperatures and the Shklovskii Efros variable range hopping process at low temperatures. In the limit of the AC regime, the temperature-dependent AC conductivity confirms the appearance of a metal-semiconductor behavior at T M-S = 120 K that confirms the strong correlations between the transport and the magnetic properties of the sample. Over the explored temperature domain, the conductivity spectra follow a power law-like behavior. The scaled conductivity curve of LSNMTO is not superimposed on the particle grains' restricted reaction area. The Summerfield scaling of the electrical conductivity confirms with confidence the significant contribution of carrier concentration to the overall conduction of the material., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing fnancial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to infuence the work reported in this paper., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

Objectives: The aim was to evaluate the ability of baseline multi-biomarker disease activity (MBDA) score to discriminate between patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in remission who are at high risk versus low risk of relapse after TNF-inhibitor (TNFi) tapering., Methods: The study is a post-hoc analysis of patients who completed the Spacing of TNFi injections in Rheumatoid ArthritiS Study (STRASS), a multicentre 18-month equivalence randomised controlled study, of TNFi tapering in RA patients in remission, and had baseline serum samples available for MBDA testing. The primary endpoint of this study was the ability of the baseline MBDA score to predict relapse at any time during the 18 months following initiation of TNFi tapering. Secondary endpoints were the ability of baseline MBDA score to predict TNFi discontinuation at Month 18, and structural damage progression on x-rays assessed by the change in total van der Heijde-modified Sharp score from baseline to month 18., Results: 64 and 73 patients were included in the spacing (S)-arm and maintenance (M)-arm, respectively. In the M-arm, the mean MBDA score at baseline was higher among patients who relapsed during the 18-month follow-up than those who did not relapse: 32.5 compared to 27.2 (p=0.053) whereas no difference in the MBDA score was observed in the S-arm between patients who relapsed or not 27 compared to 26.2 (p=0.57) 13 patients (21.3%) of the S-arm were able to discontinue TNFi, for which the predictive value of the MBDA score was low (AUC=0.560). Radiographic progression in both arms, although low (n=9) was not correlated with the MBDA score at baseline with a poor discriminative value in both arms (AUC=0.558)., Conclusions: In our study MBDA score in baseline was not predictive of relapse, discontinuation of TNFi in patients with long-standing RA patients tapering TNFi.

The vibrational and optical properties of an La 0.7 Sr 0.25 Na 0.05 Mn 0.7 Ti 0.3 O 3 (LSNMT) polycrystalline sample produced via a solid-state reaction were studied. The Raman spectrum at room temperature reveals the chemical disorder in our compound. The optical gap and Urbach energy were estimated on the basis of the absorption spectrum. Moreover, the polycrystalline manganite radiates in the near-infrared light (1000 nm) with 514.5 nm light excitation and in the temperature range from 10 K to 300 K. Crystal field analysis suggests that only the Mn 4+ luminescent center is found in LSNMT. The measured activation proves that our compound possesses good thermostability. The chromaticity coordinates prove that the emission of the LSNMT sample occurs in the near-infrared region. All analytical findings demonstrate that LSNMT manganite has substantial prospective applications in white luminescent devices., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

In the present work, structural and dielectrics properties of polycrystalline sample Ba 0.97 Bi 0.02 Ti 0.9 Zr 0.05 Nb 0.04 O 3 (BBTZN) prepared by a molten-salt method were investigated. X-ray diffraction analyses revealed the formation of a single-phase pseudocubic structure with a Pm 3̄ m space group. Unlike the trend observed in classic ferroelectrics, the temperature dependence of the dielectric constants showed the presence of three sequences of structural phase transitions. In fact, the local disorder provides a frequency dependent relaxor like behaviours attributed to the dynamic of polar nanoregions (PNRs). The diffuse phase transition (DPT) analyzed using the modified Curie-Weiss law and Lorenz formula confirms the presence of short-range association between the nanopolar domains. The obtained values of the degree of diffuseness are found to be in the range of 1.58-1.78 due to the existence of different states of polarization and, hence, different relaxation times in different regions. The frequency dependence of temperature at dielectric maxima, which is governed by the production of PNRs at a high temperature, satisfies the Vogel-Fulcher (V-F) law. The temperature dependence of the electric modulus for various frequencies indicating a thermally activated relaxation ascribed to the Maxwell-Wagner (M-W) space charge relaxation phenomenon., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

The dielectric properties of Ca 0.85 Er 0.1 Ti 1- x Co 4 x /3 O 3 (CETCo x ) ( x = 0.00, 0.05 and 0.10), prepared by a sol-gel method, were systematically characterized. The temperature and frequency dependence of the dielectric properties showed a major effect of the grain and grain boundary. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss of CETCo x decreased sharply with increasing frequency. This is referred to as the Maxwell-Wagner type of polarization in accordance with Koop's theory. As a function of temperature, the dielectric loss and the real part of permittivity decreased with increasing frequency as well as Co rate. Indeed, a classical ferroelectric behavior was observed for x = 0.00. The non-ferroelectric state of the grain boundary and its correlation with structure, however, proved the existence of a relaxor behavior for x = 0.05 and 0.10. The complex electric modulus analysis M* ( ω ) confirmed that the relaxation process is thermally activated. The normalized imaginary part of the modulus indicated that the relaxation process is dominated by the short range movement of charge carriers., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

Objectives: Primary inefficacy of TNF inhibitors (TNFi) for axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is infrequent. The objective of this study was to assess the long-term evolution and final diagnosis of patients with primary inefficacy of TNFi for axSpA., Methods: This was a systematic retrospective study of all patients receiving a TNFi for axSpA in one tertiary referral centre. Patients had axSpA confirmed by a rheumatologist and were started on a first course of TNFi according to usual practice. If the rheumatologist interrupted treatment at 3 months for inefficacy, this was defined as primary inefficacy. Five to 10 years later, these patients were re-evaluated., Results: Of 222 patients receiving a first TNFi for axSpA, 27 (12%) were considered as having primary inefficacy. These patients were more often females (48 vs 27%, P = 0.04), had higher functional impairment [BASDAI (0-100) 68 vs 42, P = 0.001] and less increased CRP (50 vs 78%, P = 0.008.) At the follow-up, 25 (92%) patients were re-evaluated: the diagnosis of axSpA was confirmed for 21/25 (84%) patients according to the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis criteria and 20/25 (80%) patients according to the rheumatologist; but 18/25 (72%) had at least one other cause of their symptoms from among OA, widespread pain syndrome or depression. A second TNFi was prescribed for 16 patients and was efficacious for 9 (56%)., Conclusion: Most patients with primary inefficacy had a confirmed diagnosis of axSpA, but they often had other causes of pain. We suggest that patients with primary inefficacy to TNFi should be screened for comorbidities that may interfere with axSpA activity assessment., (© The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Rheumatology. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com)