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New data have been obtained on the difference between morpho-biological and physiological characteristics and properties of H. grandiflorum seeds depending on the habitat of the parent plants. In 2009 and 2020, the dynamics of individual indicators of photosynthetic activity during the germination of H. grandiflorum indicates a certain relationship between the habitat conditions of the mother plant and the physiological state of germinating seeds. In seeds from CP 1 and CP 2, which were formed under conditions of limited ecotope resources, the intensity of photosynthesis, stomatal conductivity and the value of the A/Ci ratio were higher during germination, and the transpiration intensity was lower than during germination of CP 3 seeds. Correlation interactions of different strengths between individual indicators of photosynthesis and water exchange during seed germination have been established: a close negative relationship between the intensity of assimilation and the concentration of CO2 in the intercellular space (rs=-0.953 at P<0.05); weak positive relationship between assimilation intensity and stomatal conductivity for H2O (rs=0.326, P<0.05); close positive relationship between transpiration intensity and stomatal conductivity for H2O (rs=0.969, P<0.05); medium strength relationship between transpiration intensity and CO2 assimilation intensity (rs=0.5367, P<0.05); weak negative between transpiration intensity and intercellular CO2 concentration (rs= - 0.3301, P<0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared to the last century, when researchers were just beginning to think about it, technologies that allow for the rapid and commercially profitable disposal of organic waste have made a huge leap forward. The most technologically advanced and successful of them turned out to be methods of active biological processing, which provide much greater speed and quality of the final product compared to analogues. The article examines the most frequently used methods of active biological processing in modern conditions, which have successfully proven themselves in practice in the agricultural sector, their main features, advantages and the most effective areas of use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper considers methods for obtaining organic fertilizers and artificial soils, as well as waste used in these methods. The use of such technologies and the products produced due to them in peacetime can be used to restore land after chemical contamination, such as bottling of oil products, chemicals, as well as to increase productivity due to the complex replenishment of useful substances washed out and drawn out during plant growth. In wartime, the produced artificial soil is important from the point of view of the country's food security, allowing plants to be grown in lands not originally intended for agricultural purposes, as well as in greenhouses and isolated premises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Providing the population with vitamin products is possible only by introducing new high-intensity plantings into production. And this, in turn, requires the creation of fruit nurseries on a fundamentally new basis. In this regard, the need for high-quality planting material increases significantly, the production of which is restrained due to the duration of its cultivation. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the technology of growing seedlings that meet modern requirements on the basis of a comprehensive study of the biology of individual fruit and ornamental breeds, as well as agrotechnical techniques. In this regard, studies aimed at improving the effectiveness of soil preparation techniques and mineral fertilizers when growing seedlings of fruit and ornamental crops are relevant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the analysis of possible consequences around the desire to prevent an increase in greenhouse gas emissions and ensure the carbon balance on the territory of the country, the possibilities of solving these problems by scientifically sound legal and organizational and economic methods are shown. The increase of the role and importance of land management design in ensuring the carbon balance, as well as the organization of carbon landfills and farms is justified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Field experiments on ordinary chernozem showed that the introduction of biological products Flora-C, Fitop-Flora-C in combination with natural zeolites optimized soil density and soil hygroscopic moisture content, increased reproductive potential of spring durum wheat plants (T.durum). The conclusion is made that the leading factors in optimizing agrocenosis for soil of Orenburg region are inductors moisture saving and soil structuring, which include natural zeolites and biological products, as well as plants, growing on these soils, as the main element of artificial biocenosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analyzing the instructional methods for assessing soil fertility recorded in the documents of various governing bodies, their simplified content is noted, which does not ensure the completeness of the evaluation actions. However, the State Program of Involving unused agricultural lands in the turnover of fertility assessment requires soil, geobotanical, agrochemical, ecological-toxicological and phytosanitary surveys, which significantly improves the quality of evaluation work and consideration of environmental factors of fertility. Considering and analyzing various methods for assessing soil fertility, the authors note the universality of the method involving the calculation of the aggregate soil score, which, according to the authors, should be supplemented with indicators that take into account the ecological needs of plants and the manifestation of negative environmental factors. Specific recommendations are given to supplement and improve the evaluation actions with agroecological indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To identify the ability of the isolated strains to destroy organic waste, their preliminary selection was carried out by cultivation on manure agar for 14 days. It was found that the most intensive use of organic residues in laboratory models of the medium was possessed by strains No. 1,3,4,5,6,7,11,12,14,15, 21, 32 Lactococcus, Trichoderma, Sacharomyces, Candida, Pseudomonas, Lactobacillus. They were used for further experiments. All the studied microorganisms have amylolytic activity: strains No. 1, 6, 8, 9 and 10 hydrolyze starch by 100%; strain No. 4 - by 94.4%; No. 5 - by 84.8%; No. 7 and 12 - by 92.3%; strains No. 2, 3 and 11 – by 83.3 and 47.2%. The most pronounced proteolytic activity is shown by strains № 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 11 the width of the illumination zone ranged from 1 to 1.2 cm. Moderately pronounced proteolytic properties were noted in strains No. 6 and 8, the width of the enlightenment zone is from 0.4 to 0.5 cm. Strains No. 1, 9, 10 and 12 showed weak proteolytic properties. The zone of enlightenment of the medium during the growth of these microorganisms is practically absent. Of the isolated isolates, practically all microorganisms did not possess phytotoxic properties. Based on the conducted research, the selected strains of microorganisms will be used for possible biodegradation of organic waste in agriculture and for the greening of territories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article consists in revealing the influence of the action of fungicides, growth stimulants and microelements on sunflower under the conditions of the CDR, on the formation of the crop and the quality of sunflower. In 2022, in the production conditions of the Orenburg region, the largest increase was given by the growth stimulator Biosil, (an increase of 0.28 tons) and the growth stimulator Energia-M (an increase of 0.28 tons), and in 2021 - Energia-M (an increase of 1.3 tons) and growth stimulator Biosil (an increase of 1.1 tons). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article considers aspects of pre-sowing treatment of sunflower seeds in laboratory conditions. Data on the effect of the application of sunflower seed treatment with organic synthesis derivatives, organomineral fertilizers, organic fertilizers with regulatory properties on the growth energy, germination of plants in laboratory conditions are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]