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The article provides a historical overview of the formation and development of the essential oil industry. The main attention is paid to the history of scientific research of essential oil and medicinal plants. Our ancestors may have instinctively selected certain herbs for healing, just as sick animals today seek out plants they wouldn't normally eat. Based on an analysis of the current state, the need has been determined and the priority tasks have been formed for a full-scale revival of essential oil production in the Russian Federation.The problem tatement: in the republics of the former USSR, a number of essential oil plants were cultivated: coriander, lavender, essential oil rose, sage and others. In the 1970-80s the area of cultivation of essential oil plants exceeded 200 thousand hectares. At the same time, the demand for essential oils and other essential oil products was not fully satisfied. With the collapse of the USSR, the essential oil industry declined. The growing areas for most of the essential oil crops ended up on the territory of the newly formed independent states. The cultivation and processing of essential oils in Russia decreased significantly.The goal of the research is substantiation and acquisition of knowledge about the history of emergence and development of essential oil plants, herbal medicine, active substances as a tool for developing a common problem and combining the scientific, industrial and innovative potential of all interested parties.The research methods used are source study, historical-typological and biographical methods. The research results: the opportunity to gain new knowledge about the history of the origin and distribution of essential oil plants, and the creation of a huge food base for animals and people.

The Pashyian Regional stage (horizon) is the main productive unit of the middle Devonian clastic succession of the South Tatar arch. This article presents, for the first time, maps of the lower and upper parts of the Pashyian, including data on sand-shale ratio, number of sand layers (reservoirs) and thickness, based on the analysis of logging data from 25,000 wells. The maps were created by spatial interpolation of Natural Neighbor and ArcGIS Pro software.The model of sedimentation of the Pashyian Regional stage reflects the interpretation of the plotted maps as well as the synthesis of the results of detailed core investigations (lithological, sedimentological, ichnotextural, petrophysical, etc.) and analysis of archive and published materials.The main points of the proposed model are as follows. The Pashyian sediments were formed in a marine basin, in an environment comparable to that of the middle shelf of modern seas – in an offshore zone dominated by current activity. The basin floor was a relatively flat plateau, on which sandy, silty and clay sediments were simultaneously accumulated. Sediments of all types accumulated during sea transgression. Sea regression caused erosion and destruction of the already formed sediments.Positive landforms of seabed relief, composed predominantly of sandy well-sorted material, comprised autochthonous underwater sand bars, formed by constant currents parallel to the bathymetric contour of the seabed. Underwater sand bars formed extensive systems nearly throughout the entire territory of the modern South Tatar arch. At the same time, allochthonous, poorly sorted, less mature sediments were formed in underwater troughs produced by transversal currents (directed from the shore towards the sea).The proposed model explains the consistent thickness of the Pashyian Regional stage, the mosaic distribution of sand bodies over the area, and the lens-like shape of the sand and siltstone reservoirs. The model can be extrapolated to other stratigraphic intervals of the Devonian clastic succession with similar sedimentological features.

The petrological and geochemical characteristics of intrusive rocks, sources of magmatic melts, as well as the composition of minerals of near-ore metasomatites and ores of the Karagaikul gold-porphyry ore occurrence located in the Main Ural fault zone in the South Urals have been studied. The content of petrogenic oxides was determined by the silicate method, rare elements – using ICP-MS analysis on a quadrupole mass spectrometer ELAH 9000. The composition of minerals was studied using electron microscopic analysis on a scanning electron microscope REMMA-202M. It was found that gabbro, gabbro-diorite and diorite of the ore-bearing dyke series of the Karagaikul ore occurrence are suprasubduction magmatites of normal alkalinity belonging to the transitional and calc-alkaline petrogenetic series. They were formed from fluid-saturated melts. The main source of melts for intrusive rocks was most likely spinel peridotites of the suprasubduction lithospheric mantle, previously metasomatized by aquatic fluids that arose during the dehydration of rocks of the subducting oceanic plate. The dykes underwent propylitization of the biotite-actinolite facies in a near-ore halo (paragenesis: biotite + actinolite + epidote + orthoclase + albite + quartz + chlorite + pumpelliite), and the host serpentinized ultrabasites – carbonatization (chromogenesis: dolomite + magnesite). According to the chlorite geothermometer, the temperature of propylite formation is 287–317 °С. Sulfide minerals in goldbearing stockworks are represented by pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena, pentlandite, pyrrhotine, and violarite.

A mathematical model of the in-line control of the insulation resistance state for cathodically polarized main pipelines according to electrometry data is considered. The relevance of the work is caused by the opportunity to create in-line internal isolation defects indicators of the main pipelines for transported liquids that are good conductors and expand the functionality of monitoring and controlling cathodic protection systems of the main pipelines. Features of the mathematical model are: consideration of the electric conductivity of transported liquid influence on electric field distribution; consideration of the influence of external and internal insulating coating resistance; use of the electric field of an in-line diagnostic probe for quality control of internal insulation. Practical significance consists in the development of modeling methods for control subsystems of main pipeline protection against corrosion and the development of special mathematical and algorithmic support systems for monitoring and controlling the operating modes of the cathodic protection station of main pipelines.

Background/Objectives: The global emergence of antibiotic-resistant zooanthroponotic Escherichia coli strains, producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL-E) and persisting in the intestines of farm animals, has now led to the development of a pandemic of extra-intestinal infectious diseases in humans. The search for innovative probiotic microorganisms that eliminate ESBL-E from the intestines of humans and animals is relevant. Previously, we received three isolates of bifidobacteria: from milk of a calved cow (BLLT1), feces of a newborn calf (BLLT2) and feces of a three-year-old child who received fresh milk from this calved cow (BLLT3). Our goal was to evaluate the genetic identity of BLLT1, BLLT2, BLLT3 isolates using genomic DNA fingerprinting (GDF), to study the tolerance, adhesion, homeostatic and antibacterial activity of BLLT1 against ESBL-E. Methods: We used a complex of microbiological, molecular biological, and immunological methods, including next generation sequencing (NGS). Results: GDF showed that DNA fragments of BLLT2 and BLLT3 isolates were identical in number and size to DNA fragments of BLLT1. These data show for the first time the possibility of natural horizontal transmission of BLLT1 through with the milk of a calved cow into the intestines of a calf and the intestines of a child. BLLT1 was resistant to gastric and intestinal stresses and exhibited high adhesive activity to calf, pig, chicken, and human enterocytes. This indicates the unique ability of BLLT1 to inhabit the intestines of animals and humans. We are the first to show that BLLT1 has antibacterial activity against ESBL-E strains that persist in humans and animals. BLLT1 produced 145 ± 8 mM of acetic acid, which reduced the pH of the nutrient medium from 6.8 to 5.2. This had an antibacterial effect on ESBL-E. The genome of BLLT1 contains ABC-type carbohydrate transporter gene clusters responsible for the synthesis of acetic acid with its antibacterial activity against ESBL-E. BLLT1 inhibited TLR4 mRNA expression induced by ESBL-E in HT-29 enterocytes, and protected the enterocyte monolayers used in this study as a bio-model of the intestinal barrier. BLLT1 increased intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) as one of the main molecular factors providing intestinal homeostasis. Conclusions: BLLT1 shows promise for the creation of innovative functional nutritional products for humans and feed additives for farm animals that will reduce the spread of ESBL-E strains in the food chain.

The aim of the study was to evaluate associations between content of surfactant proteins SP-A and SP-D and blood lipid parameters in men and women in Novosibirsk. Material and methods. In 2022, 174 people (87 men and 87 women), aged 45 to 69 years, randomly selected from the residents of Novosibirsk, were examined. Content of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG) in blood was determined by direct enzymatic method, concentration of surfactant proteins SP-A and SP-D – by enzyme immunoassay. Results. It was found that in the general sample of examined individuals, the content of SP-A in the blood is directly related to the level of HDL cholesterol and negative with the concentration of TG and hypertriglyceridemia; in men it was positively correlated with the level of HDL cholesterol, and in women it was positively correlated with low levels of HDL cholesterol (hypoHDL cholesterol). According to the results of ROC and multivariate analyze, it was found that blood SP-A level of at least 1642 pg/ml has a diagnostic value in the detection of hypo HDL-C in women (sensitivity is 56.3 %, specificity is 81.7 %,) and increases the risk of having hypo HDL-С in the total sample of the examined persons and in the women by 3.4 and 7.4 times, respectively. Using multivariate analysis, the reverse effect of blood SP-A content on hypertriglyceridemia was determined in the total sample of men and women in Novosibirsk. No associations were found between SP-D concentration and the studied lipid characteristics of the blood. One of the possible mechanisms of the SP-A influence on lipid metabolism (level of HDL-C, TG, hypoHDL-C, hypertriglyceridemia) in men and women in Novosibirsk is its effect on cell membranes, inducing the redistribution of the CD36 scavenger receptor, as well as changes in expression of this receptor.

The purpose of the study is to associate alcohol consumption with the level of surfactant proteins SP-A and SP-D in Novosibirsk population. Material and methods. 174 people (87 men and 87 women) aged from 45 to 69 were examined. The study participants were randomly selected. Alcohol consumption was assessed using the AUDIT test. The content of surfactant proteins SP-A and SP-D in blood serum was determined by enzyme immunoassay using standard ELISA test sets. Statistical analysis was performed using parametric and nonparametric methods of descriptive statistics, correlation analysis was performed using Spearman criterion, and multivariate analysis was performed using binary logistic regression. ROC analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic significance of the variables and to determine sensitivity and specificity. The critical level of significance for the null hypothesis (p) was accepted to be 0.05 in all statistical analysis procedures. Results. A typical single dose of alcohol consumed of 7–9 alcohol units (TSDAC) was inversely associated with SP-A content (r = –0.154, p = 0.043) in a general sample of men and women aged 45–59 years in Novosibirsk. By means of ROC analysis, SP-A was found to be a marker (area under the ROC curve equals 71.2 %) of alcohol intake in TSDAC. With a SP-A level not more than 921 pg/ml, its sensitivity to the determination of alcohol consumption in TSDAC is 68.7 %, the specificity is 87.5 %. Regression analysis showed that the variable “TSDAC” directly affects the presence of SP-A in a concentration not preceding 921 pg/ml (Exp (B) = 13.0; 95 % CI = 1.5; 111.0, p = 0.019) regardless of age and sex. In the general sample of men and women in Novosibirsk aged 45–69 years, as well as in men, inverse associations of Sp-D content with the presence of >0 points were found in the answer to the AUDIT test question “How often during the last year have you not done something that was expected of you?”. It was determined that women had a higher level of SP-A in the blood than men. Perhaps this is due to the fact that women smoked less often than men (10.3 and 23.0 %, respectively, p = 0.020). So, it was established that a high TSDAC is an independent factor directly influencing the presence of SP-A level in the blood not exceeding 921 pg/ml for men and women aged 45–69 years in Novosibirsk.

Dose-intensive cytostatic therapy and antibiotic treatment in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) cause severe abnormalities in a composition of gut microbiota as well as the emergence of antibiotic resistance. The data on the longitudinal recovery of major bacterial phyla and the expansion of genes associated with antibiotic resistance are limited. We collected regular stool samples during the first year after allo-HSCT from 12 adult patients with oncohematological disorders after allo-HSCT and performed 16SrRNA sequencing, multiplex PCR, conventional bacteriology and CHROMagar testing. We observed a decline in Shannon microbiota diversity index as early as day 0 of allo-HSCT (p = 0.034) before any administration of antibiotics, which persisted up to 1 year after transplantation, when the Shannon index returned to pre-transplant levels (p = 0.91). The study confirmed the previously shown decline in Bacillota (Firmicutes) genera and the expansion of E. coli/Shigella, Klebsiella and Enterococci. The recovery of Firmicutes was slower than that of other phyla and occurred only a year post-transplant. A positive correlation was observed between the expansion of E. coli/Shigella genera and blaKPC, blaCTX-M-1 and blaTEM (p < 0.001), Klebsiella spp. and blaOXA-48-like, blaNDM, blaCTX-M-1, blaTEM, and blaSHV (p < 0.001), Pseudomonas spp. and blaNDM (p = 0.002), Enterococcus spp. and blaOXA-48-like, blaNDM, blaCTX-M-1, blaSHV (p < 0.01). The correlation was observed between the expansion of Enterobacterales and and carbapenemase-positive CHROMagar samples (p < 0.001). Samples positive for carbapenem-resitant bacteria were at their maximum levels on day +30, and were gradually diminishing one year after allo-HSCT. From day +30 to +60, all isolated K. pneumoniae strains in fecal samples proved to be resistant to the main antibiotic groups (carbapenems, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, third-generation cephalosporins). One year after HSCT, we documented the spontaneous decolonization of K. pneumoniae. The sensitivity of molecular biology techniques in the search for total and antibiotic-resistant Klebsiella seems to be superior to common bacteriological cultures. Future studies should be focused on searching for novel approaches to the efficient reconstitution and/or maintenance of strictly anaerobic microbiota in oncological patients.

Surfactant proteins SP-A and SP-D, which belong to the family of collagen-containing type C lectins, are used as diagnostic and prognostic markers for many acute and chronic respiratory diseases. The aim of the study is to assess the impact of conventional risk factors for chronic non-infectious diseases on SP-A and SP-D protein levels by means of systemic and structural analysis on the basis of relevant publications from international databases and official WHO reports. This analytical review concludes that widespread expression of SP-A and SP-D is documented in numerous studies, and, although the lungs remain the main site of synthesis of surfactant proteins, one can expect its significant impact on the immune and inflammatory response in many organs and tissues. The authors note that there are several known extrapulmonary effects of these proteins. However, many mechanisms of additional cellular effects of SP-A and SP-D outside the bronchopulmonary system still remain unstudied, which indicates the prospects for further research in this area.

Link for citation: Gavrilov V.L., Nemova N.A., Reznik A.V., Kosarev N.S., Kolesnikov A.A. On the need for a comprehensive geoecological assessment of lands disturbed by mining. Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Аssets Engineering, 2023, vol. 334, no. 10, рр. 76-87. In Rus. The relevance of the study is caused by the need to systematize information on the methods and procedure for obtaining data for a comprehensive geoecological assessment of territories disturbed by mining, based on the initial state of natural and modified components of the environment with the processes and phenomena occurring in it. This enables us to obtain information about the territories required for the development of methods and techniques for the subsequent reclamation of lands disturbed by mining. Objective: using various methods and techniques, to analyze methodological approaches that allow generating the necessary and sufficient volume of primary and required information synthesized on its basis, to proceed from a general to a comprehensive and detailed geoecological assessment of territories and areas disturbed and/or planned to be disturbed by mining operations. Objects: territories of Russia in mining regions disturbed by mining operations. Methods. Pre-selection of materials published in various publications since 2000 was carried out. Russian (E-library, VINITI RAS) and international (Scopus, GeoRef) information systems, websites of specialized and general scientific journals, library collections, and authors’ materials were used. When querying, the following basic terms and phrases were used in various combinations: «geoecological assessment», «assessment methods», «territories disturbed by mining», «remote sensing», «environmental condition». Of more than 1000 pre-identified publications, mostly Russian, devoted to various aspects of collecting and obtaining information on assessing the environmental condition in mining areas, more than 150 were selected. Publications were analyzed taking into account the most complete representation by region and publication. Additionally, materials published by federal and regional management and control authorities were used. The most important and representative ones were included in the review. Results. Existing and promising methods for collecting various data used in the geoecological assessment of territories disturbed by mining are considered. If required, these data will be further processed. Environmental, economic and social problems caused by the influence of mining operations are identified, the solution of these problems requires the generation of various information. The role of reliable and representative primary data measured on various scales is formulated to make a correct assessment of their impact on basic environmental components. The influence of the conditions of mining coal and ore deposits on environmental situation of the territories is considered. The necessity of using a set of methods for collecting and processing information, selected with regard to peculiarities of each mining area and mining specifics of various mineral deposits, is shown.

The article raises the general question of training and education in higher medical school. The shortcomings in the pedagogical process were critically reviewed.

Modern society cannot do without high quality geospatial data. This need constantly strengthens with the growth of the information society and the emerging cyber society. Validity and quality of geospatial data is strongly connected to the level of its metrological service. It is necessary to conduct National metrological comparisons, in order to maintain an effective measuring infrastructure both inside a single country and in the whole Europe. The main result of such a comparison is a validation of actual values of key parameters of state standards. The article presents results of a conversion of unit of length of the state standard of the Czech Republic to the geodetic baseline Javoriv (Ukraine), as performed by the staff of the Research Institute of Geodesy, Topography and Cartography (RIGTC). The conversion was realised in cooperation with Lviv Polytechnic National University (Ukraine). High-precision measuring equipment used during the conversion includes: the Leica AT401 laser tracker and the Leica Nova MS50 electronic total station. A comparison of the measured length sections of the geodetic baseline Javoriv, performed by VUGTK employees, with the measurement results performed on a geodetic baseline Javoriv by specialists of the National Science Center (NSC) Institute of Metrology, gave a very good consistency. This is a sign of high quality results of comparative international measurement. It is planned to continue with the common efforts in the field of comparative international measurements between the Czech Republic and Ukraine in order to determine the actual values of the length sections of the geodetic baseline Javoriv.

In veterinary practice, gastrointestinal diseases of newborn calves, caused by the association of pathogenic bacteria, in particular Clostridium perfringens and Escherichia coli, are often observed. The results of our research have shown that in the Volga Federal District of the Russian Federation, anaerobic enterotoxemia in newborn calves is most often caused by Clostridium perfringens serotypes A, C, D. For the specific prevention of this form of pathology, an associated vaccine has been developed containing inactivated antigens of Clostridium perfringens serotypes A, C, D and Escherichia coli, which produce adhesion factors K99 and A20. Clinical trials of the effectiveness of the vaccine on cattle were carried out in 3 large agricultural enterprises of the Republic of Tatarstan for the production of milk, permanently dysfunctional for clostridiosis and escherichiosis of newborn calves. Disease prevention began with the immunization of pregnant cows and heifers 60 days before the expected calving. The animals were vaccinated twice with an interval of 14 days at a dose of 10 cm3. Calves obtained from immunized cows were vaccinated twice subcutaneously at a dose of 3 cm3 at the age of 18- 20 days. A total of 3156 cows and heifers were vaccinated in three dairy complexes. It was found that the associated vaccine is harmless for deepwalled cows and heifers, does not cause post-vaccination complications. Immunization of animals in the last months of pregnancy contributes to the accumulation of specific antibodies in colostrum, the intake of which provides passive protection of the newborn calf from infection with Cl. perfringens and E. coli bacteria.

Research materials on the development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the determination of specific antibodies to Cl. perfringens bacteria were presented. Strains of Cl. perfringens were used as production strains: No. 28 (type A), LD-1 (type B), No. 392 (type C), No. 213 (type D). To obtain antigen, a daily suspension of Cl perfringens bacteria, containing 20 billion microbial cells in 1 cm3 (5 billion microbial cells of each serotype), was sounded on an ultrasonic disintegrator at a frequency of 20 MHz for 15 minutes at 4 °C, then the endotoxin was precipitated with ammonium sulfate and purified by differential dissolution of the precipitate in 0.02 M phosphate buffer, followed by dialysis against tap water. Control positive serum with specific antibodies of at least 1:12800 to antigens of Cl. perfringens bacteria was obtained by hyperimmunization of cattle with corpuscular antigens and toxoids. The basic conditions of the ELISA reaction were standardized. Determination of the concentration of sorption of the antigen was carried out by parallel testing of various dilutions of the conjugate. The most acceptable titer of the blood serum of animals was found at a dilution of the conjugate of 1:2500 and a concentration of the sorbed antigen of 5-8 μg/cm3. The production test of the enzyme immunoassay test system was carried out in cattle farms in three regions of the Russian Federation, unfavorable for anaerobic enterotoxemia in calves.

Previously, the protective role of the S-layer protein 2 (Slp2) of the vaginal Lactobacillus crispatus 2029 (LC2029) strain against foodborne pathogens Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis, and Escherichia coli O157:H was demonstrated. We demonstrate the new roles of the Slp2-positive LC2029 strain and soluble Slp2 against C. albicans infections. We show that LC2029 bacteria can adhere to the surface of the cervical epithelial HeLa cells, prevent their contact with C. albicans, and block yeast transition to a pathogenic hyphal form. Surface-bound Slp2 provides the ability for LC2029 to co-aggregate with various C. albicans strains, including clinical isolates. C. albicans-induced necrotizing epithelial damage is reduced by colonization with the Slp2-positive LC2029 strain. Slp2 inhibits the adhesion of various strains of C. albicans to different human epithelial cells, blocks yeast transition to a pathogenic hyphal form, and prevents the colonization and pathogenic infiltration of mucosal barriers. Only Slp2 and LC2029 bacteria stimulate the production of protective human β-defensin 3 in various epithelial cells. These findings support the anti-Candida albicans potential of the probiotic LC2029 strain and Slp2 and form the basis for further research on their ability to prevent and manage invasive Candida infections.

Laser processing is an effective post-treatment method for modifying the structure and improving the properties of cold-sprayed coatings. In the present work, the possibility of fabricating a hard and wear-resistant Ti-based cermet coating by cold spray followed by laser remelting was studied. A mixture of titanium and chromium carbide powders in a ratio of 60/40 wt.% was deposited by cold spray onto a titanium alloy substrate, which ensured the formation of a composite coating with a residual chromium carbide content of about 12–13 wt.%. The optimal values of laser beam power (2 kW) and scanning speed (75 mm/s) leading to the qualitative fusion of the coating with the substrate with minimal porosity and absence of defects were revealed. The microstructure and phase composition of as-sprayed and remelted coatings were examined with SEM, EDS and XRD analysis. It was shown that the phase composition of the as-sprayed coating did not change compared to the feedstock mixture, while the remelted coating was transformed into a β-Ti(Cr) solid solution with uniformly distributed nonstoichiometric TiCx particles. Due to the change in microstructure and phase composition, the remelted coating was characterized by an attractive combination of higher microhardness (437 HV0.1) and lower specific wear rate (0.25 × 10−3 mm3/N × m) under dry sliding wear conditions compared to the as-sprayed coating and substrate. Laser remelting of the coating resulted in a change in the dominant wear mechanism from oxidative–abrasive to oxidative–adhesive with delamination.

Limosilactobacillus fermentum strain 3872 (LF3872) was originally isolated from the breast milk of a healthy woman during lactation and the breastfeeding of a child. Ligilactobacillus salivarius strain 7247 (LS7247) was isolated at the same time from the intestines and reproductive system of a healthy woman. The genomes of these strains contain genes responsible for the production of peptidoglycan-degrading enzymes and factors that increase the permeability of the outer membrane of Gram-negative pathogens. In this work, the anti-Salmonella and intestinal homeostatic features of the LF3872 and LS7247 consortium were studied. A multi-drug resistant (MDR) strain of Salmonella enteritidis (SE) was used in the experiments. The consortium effectively inhibited the adhesion of SE to intact and activated human, porcine, and chicken enterocytes and reduced invasion. The consortium had a bactericidal effect on SE in 6 h of co-culturing. A gene expression analysis of SE showed that the cell-free supernatant (CFS) of the consortium inhibited the expression of virulence genes critical for the colonization of human and animal enterocytes. The CFS stimulated the production of an intestinal homeostatic factor—intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP)—in Caco-2 and HT-29 enterocytes. The consortium decreased the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-8, TNF-α, and IL-1β, and TLR4 mRNA expression in human and animal enterocytes. It stimulated the expression of TLR9 in human and porcine enterocytes and stimulated the expression of TLR21 in chicken enterocytes. The consortium also protected the intestinal barrier functions through the increase of transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and the inhibition of paracellular permeability in the monolayers of human and animal enterocytes. The results obtained suggest that a LF3872 and LS7247 consortium can be used as an innovative feed additive to reduce the spread of MDR SE among the population and farm animals.