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A rapid procedure for determining adducts of sulfur mustard (SM) with blood plasma proteins is developed and validated. The procedure is based on the isolation, washing, and drying of proteins from 0.5 mL of blood plasma, the hydrolysis of dry proteins with conc. hydrochloric acid, the addition of naphthalene-D.sub.8 as an internal standard, the extraction of SM and naphthalene-D.sub.8 with hexane, and the concentration of the extract under nitrogen to 0.05 mL followed by -an analysis by GC-MS/MS. The procedure showed good linearity for the analyte concentrations 1-100 ng mL.sup.-1, acceptable reproducibility, and proven selectivity (no matrix effects were observed). The limit of detection and the limit of quantitation for spiked plasma samples were 0.5 and 1 ng mL.sup.-1, respectively. The developed procedure was used to investigate the stability of blood plasma exposed to SM after 35 days of storage at 4 and 30°C. A possibility of the detection of SM in blood plasma in concentrations from 5 to 50 ng mL.sup.-1 was maintained for 35 days regardless of the sample storage temperature., Author(s): M. D. Shachneva [sup.1] , N. L. Koryagina [sup.1] , E. I. Savelieva [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) Research Institute of Hygiene, Occupational Pathology, and Human Ecology, Federal Medical-Biological Agency [...]

The review considers and summarizes separation and preconcentration methods used in the determination of toxicants of the 1st hazard class, namely, organophosphorus nerve agents (a group of Vx isomers, sarin, cyclosarin, soman, and tabun) and blister agents (sulfur mustard)., Author(s): M. A. Leninskii [sup.1], M. D. Shachneva [sup.1], E. I. Savel'eva [sup.1], N. L. Koryagina [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.465277.5, Research Institute of Hygiene, Occupational Pathology, and Human Ecology, [...]

The need to screen the kinetic characteristics of pharmaceuticals in early development stages is justified. The advantages and limitations of cassette dosing in pharmacokinetic investigations are discussed. The dose and the presence or absence of pharmaceutical interactions are shown to be the critical factors affecting the reliability of pharmacokinetic parameters assessed by the cassette method. The hypothesis that toxicokinetic cassette screening of compounds capable of interacting is appropriate for describing the slow elimination phase was verified by comparing lewisite excretion parameters after injection into laboratory animals of lewisite and a mustard-gas-lewisite mixture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Review substantiates the key role of gas chromatography mass spectrometry in determining organophosphorus chemical warfare agents and products of their transformations in the environment. Modern methods used in sample preparation for analysis, solid-phase and liquid extraction techniques, are presented. The problem of identification of organophosphorus chemical agents and their decomposition products and precursors in complex matrices in the untargeted analysis mode is considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A direct approach for the determination of a specific hydrolysis product of organophosphorus nerve agents such as methylphosphonic acid (MPA) in urine by ion chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (IC-MS/MS) has been developed. The first advantage of the proposed approach is a rapid and simple sample preparation, which does not require a large sample volume, complicated and laborious preconcentration and derivatization steps, and takes less than 7min per sample. The second advantage is the fast and selective IC determination of MPA carried out on a noncommercial anion exchanger based on a poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) (PS-DVB) substrate with a high degree of crosslinking and a covalently-bonded branched functional layer, which enables complete resolution of MPA from major urine matrix components and allows one to overcome matrix effects. Hyphenation of IC with tandem mass spectrometry results in highly sensitive and reliable MPA determination with the lowest detection limit (4ngmL -1 ) reported so far for HPLC determination of MPA in urine. The proposed approach is successfully applied for the analysis of urine from rats exposed to nonlethal doses of organophosphorus nerve agents such as sarin, soman, and VR in up to 13days after initial exposure, which shows the possibility to verify the nerve agent exposure after a long period of time., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)