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1. Exploring code portability solutions for HEP with a particle tracking test code

Author

Ather, Hammad, Berkman, Sophie, Cerati, Giuseppe, Kortelainen, Matti, Kwok, Ka Hei Martin, Lantz, Steven, Lee, Seyong, Norris, Boyana, Reid, Michael, Hall, Allison Reinsvold, Riley, Daniel, Strelchenko, Alexei, and Wang, Cong

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

Traditionally, high energy physics (HEP) experiments have relied on x86 CPUs for the majority of their significant computing needs. As the field looks ahead to the next generation of experiments such as DUNE and the High-Luminosity LHC, the computing demands are expected to increase dramatically. To cope with this increase, it will be necessary to take advantage of all available computing resources, including GPUs from different vendors. A broad landscape of code portability tools -- including compiler pragma-based approaches, abstraction libraries, and other tools -- allow the same source code to run efficiently on multiple architectures. In this paper, we use a test code taken from a HEP tracking algorithm to compare the performance and experience of implementing different portability solutions.

Published
2024

4. Application of performance portability solutions for GPUs and many-core CPUs to track reconstruction kernels

Author

Kwok, Ka Hei Martin, Kortelainen, Matti, Cerati, Giuseppe, Strelchenko, Alexei, Gutsche, Oliver, Hall, Allison Reinsvold, Lantz, Steve, Reid, Michael, Riley, Daniel, Berkman, Sophie, Lee, Seyong, Ather, Hammad, Norris, Boyana, and Wang, Cong

Subjects
Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract

Next generation High-Energy Physics (HEP) experiments are presented with significant computational challenges, both in terms of data volume and processing power. Using compute accelerators, such as GPUs, is one of the promising ways to provide the necessary computational power to meet the challenge. The current programming models for compute accelerators often involve using architecture-specific programming languages promoted by the hardware vendors and hence limit the set of platforms that the code can run on. Developing software with platform restrictions is especially unfeasible for HEP communities as it takes significant effort to convert typical HEP algorithms into ones that are efficient for compute accelerators. Multiple performance portability solutions have recently emerged and provide an alternative path for using compute accelerators, which allow the code to be executed on hardware from different vendors. We apply several portability solutions, such as Kokkos, SYCL, C++17 std::execution::par and Alpaka, on two mini-apps extracted from the mkFit project: p2z and p2r. These apps include basic kernels for a Kalman filter track fit, such as propagation and update of track parameters, for detectors at a fixed z or fixed r position, respectively. The two mini-apps explore different memory layout formats. We report on the development experience with different portability solutions, as well as their performance on GPUs and many-core CPUs, measured as the throughput of the kernels from different GPU and CPU vendors such as NVIDIA, AMD and Intel., Comment: 26th Intl Conf Computing High Energy & Nuclear Phys (CHEP 2023)

Published
2024

5. High-precision mass measurements of neutron deficient silver isotopes probe the robustness of the $N$ = 50 shell closure

Author

Ge, Zhuang, Reponen, Mikael, Eronen, Tommi, Hu, Baishan, Kortelainen, Markus, Kankainen, Anu, Moore, Iain, Nesterenko, Dmitrii, Yuan, Cenxi, Beliuskina, Olga, Cañete, Laetitia, de Groote, Ruben, Delafosse, Celement, Delahaye, Pierre, Dickel, Timo, de Roubin, Antoine, Geldhof, Sarina, Gins, Wouter, Holt, Jason, Hukkanen, Marjut, Jaries, Arthur, Jokinen, Ari, Koszorús, Ágota, Kripkó-Koncz, Gabriella, Kujanpää, Sonja, Lam, Yihua, Nikas, Stylianos, Ortiz-Cortes, Alejandro, Penttilä, Heikki, Pitman-Weymouth, Daniel, Plaß, Wolfgang, Pohjalainen, Ilkka, Raggio, Andrea, Rinta-Antila, Sami, Romero, Jorge, Stryjczyk, Marek, Vilen, Markus, Virtanen, Ville, and Zadvornaya, Alexandra

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

High-precision mass measurements of exotic $^{95-97}$Ag isotopes close to the $N = Z$ line have been conducted with the JYFLTRAP double Penning trap mass spectrometer, with the silver ions produced using the recently commissioned inductively-heated hot cavity catcher laser ion source at the Ion Guide Isotope Separator On-Line facility. The atomic mass of $^{95}$Ag was directly determined for the first time. In addition, the atomic masses of $\beta$-decaying 2$^+$ and 8$^+$ states in $^{96}$Ag have been identified and measured for the first time, and the precision of the $^{97}$Ag mass has been improved. The newly measured masses, with a precision of $\approx$ 1 keV/c$^2$, have been used to investigate the $N =$ 50 neutron shell closure confirming it to be robust. Empirical shell-gap and pairing energies determined with the new ground-state mass data are compared with the state-of-the-art \textit{ab initio} calculations with various chiral effective field theory Hamiltonians. The precise determination of the excitation energy of the $^{96m}$Ag isomer in particular serves as a benchmark for \textit{ab initio} predictions of nuclear properties beyond the ground state, specifically for odd-odd nuclei situated in proximity to the proton dripline below $^{100}$Sn. In addition, density functional theory (DFT) calculations and configuration-interaction shell-model (CISM) calculations are compared with the experimental results. All theoretical approaches face challenges to reproduce the trend of nuclear ground-state properties in the silver isotopic chain across the $N =$50 neutron shell and toward the proton drip-line., Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures

Published
2024
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6. Generalizing mkFit and its Application to HL-LHC

Author

Cerati, Giuseppe, Elmer, Peter, Gartung, Patrick, Giannini, Leonardo, Kortelainen, Matti, Krutelyov, Vyacheslav, Lantz, Steven, Masciovecchio, Mario, Reid, Tres, Hall, Allison Reinsvold, Riley, Daniel, Tadel, Matevz, Vourliotis, Emmanouil, Wittich, Peter, and Yagil, Avi

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Computational Physics
Abstract

mkFit is an implementation of the Kalman filter-based track reconstruction algorithm that exploits both thread- and data-level parallelism. In the past few years the project transitioned from the R&D phase to deployment in the Run-3 offline workflow of the CMS experiment. The CMS tracking performs a series of iterations, targeting reconstruction of tracks of increasing difficulty after removing hits associated to tracks found in previous iterations. mkFit has been adopted for several of the tracking iterations, which contribute to the majority of reconstructed tracks. When tested in the standard conditions for production jobs, speedups in track pattern recognition are on average of the order of 3.5x for the iterations where it is used (3-7x depending on the iteration). Multiple factors contribute to the observed speedups, including vectorization and a lightweight geometry description, as well as improved memory management and single precision. Efficient vectorization is achieved with both the icc and the gcc (default in CMSSW) compilers and relies on a dedicated library for small matrix operations, Matriplex, which has recently been released in a public repository. While the mkFit geometry description already featured levels of abstraction from the actual Phase-1 CMS tracker, several components of the implementations were still tied to that specific geometry. We have further generalized the geometry description and the configuration of the run-time parameters, in order to enable support for the Phase-2 upgraded tracker geometry for the HL-LHC and potentially other detector configurations. The implementation strategy and high-level code changes required for the HL-LHC geometry are presented. Speedups in track building from mkFit imply that track fitting becomes a comparably time consuming step of the tracking chain.

Published
2023

7. Effects of Quasiparticle-Vibration Coupling on Gamow-Teller Strength and $\beta$ Decay with the Skyrme Proton-Neutron Finite-Amplitude Method

Author

Liu, Qunqun, Engel, Jonathan, Hinohara, Nobuo, and Kortelainen, Markus

Subjects
Nuclear Theory
Abstract

We adapt the proton-neutron finite-amplitude method, which in its original form is an efficient implementation of the Skyrme quasiparticle random phase approximation, to include the coupling of quasiparticles to like-particle phonons. The approach allows us to add beyond-QRPA correlations to computations of Gamow-Teller strength and $\beta$-decay rates in deformed nuclei for the first time. We test the approach in several deformed isotopes for which measured strength distributions are available. The additional correlations dramatically improve agreement with the data, and will lead to improved global $\beta$-decay rates., Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures

Published
2023

8. Evaluating Portable Parallelization Strategies for Heterogeneous Architectures in High Energy Physics

Author

Atif, Mohammad, Battacharya, Meghna, Calafiura, Paolo, Childers, Taylor, Dewing, Mark, Dong, Zhihua, Gutsche, Oliver, Habib, Salman, Knoepfel, Kyle, Kortelainen, Matti, Kwok, Ka Hei Martin, Leggett, Charles, Lin, Meifeng, Pascuzzi, Vincent, Strelchenko, Alexei, Tsulaia, Vakhtang, Viren, Brett, Wang, Tianle, Yeo, Beomki, and Yu, Haiwang

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Computer Science - Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing
Abstract

High-energy physics (HEP) experiments have developed millions of lines of code over decades that are optimized to run on traditional x86 CPU systems. However, we are seeing a rapidly increasing fraction of floating point computing power in leadership-class computing facilities and traditional data centers coming from new accelerator architectures, such as GPUs. HEP experiments are now faced with the untenable prospect of rewriting millions of lines of x86 CPU code, for the increasingly dominant architectures found in these computational accelerators. This task is made more challenging by the architecture-specific languages and APIs promoted by manufacturers such as NVIDIA, Intel and AMD. Producing multiple, architecture-specific implementations is not a viable scenario, given the available person power and code maintenance issues. The Portable Parallelization Strategies team of the HEP Center for Computational Excellence is investigating the use of Kokkos, SYCL, OpenMP, std::execution::parallel and alpaka as potential portability solutions that promise to execute on multiple architectures from the same source code, using representative use cases from major HEP experiments, including the DUNE experiment of the Long Baseline Neutrino Facility, and the ATLAS and CMS experiments of the Large Hadron Collider. This cross-cutting evaluation of portability solutions using real applications will help inform and guide the HEP community when choosing their software and hardware suites for the next generation of experimental frameworks. We present the outcomes of our studies, including performance metrics, porting challenges, API evaluations, and build system integration., Comment: 18 pages, 9 Figures, 2 Tables

Published
2023

9. Speeding up the CMS track reconstruction with a parallelized and vectorized Kalman-filter-based algorithm during the LHC Run 3

Author

Berkman, Sophie, Cerati, Giuseppe, Elmer, Peter, Gartung, Patrick, Giannini, Leonardo, Gravelle, Brian, Hall, Allison R., Kortelainen, Matti, Krutelyov, Vyacheslav, Lantz, Steve R., Masciovecchio, Mario, McDermott, Kevin, Norris, Boyana, Reid, Michael, Riley, Daniel S., Tadel, Matevž, Vourliotis, Emmanouil, Wang, Bei, Wittich, Peter, and Yagil, Avraham

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

One of the most challenging computational problems in the Run 3 of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and more so in the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) is expected to be finding and fitting charged-particle tracks during event reconstruction. The methods used so far at the LHC and in particular at the CMS experiment are based on the Kalman filter technique. Such methods have shown to be robust and to provide good physics performance, both in the trigger and offline. In order to improve computational performance, we explored Kalman-filter-based methods for track finding and fitting, adapted for many-core SIMD architectures. This adapted Kalman-filter-based software, called "mkFit", was shown to provide a significant speedup compared to the traditional algorithm, thanks to its parallelized and vectorized implementation. The mkFit software was recently integrated into the offline CMS software framework, in view of its exploitation during the Run 3 of the LHC. At the start of the LHC Run 3, mkFit will be used for track finding in a subset of the CMS offline track reconstruction iterations, allowing for significant improvements over the existing framework in terms of computational performance, while retaining comparable physics performance. The performance of the CMS track reconstruction using mkFit at the start of the LHC Run 3 is presented, together with prospects of further improvement in the upcoming years of data taking., Comment: Contribution to the ACAT 2022

Published
2023

10. Establishing fluvial silicon regimes and their stability across the Northern Hemisphere

Author

Keira Johnson, Kathi Jo Jankowski, Joanna Carey, Nicholas J. Lyon, William H. McDowell, Arial Shogren, Adam Wymore, Lienne Sethna, Wilfred M. Wollheim, Amanda E. Poste, Pirkko Kortelainen, Ruth Heindel, Hjalmar Laudon, Antti Räike, Jeremy B. Jones, Diane McKnight, Paul Julian, Sidney Bush, and Pamela L. Sullivan

Subjects
Oceanography, GC1-1581
Abstract

Abstract Fluvial silicon (Si) plays a critical role in controlling primary production, water quality, and carbon sequestration through supporting freshwater and marine diatom communities. Geological, biogeochemical, and hydrological processes, as well as climate and land use, dictate the amount of Si exported by streams. Understanding Si regimes—the seasonal patterns of Si concentrations—can help identify processes driving Si export. We analyzed Si concentrations from over 200 stream sites across the Northern Hemisphere to establish distinct Si regimes and evaluated how often sites moved among regimes over their period of record. We observed five distinct regimes across diverse stream sites, with nearly 60% of sites exhibiting multiple regime types over time. Our results indicate greater spatial and interannual variability in Si seasonality than previously recognized and highlight the need to characterize the watershed and climate variables that affect Si cycling across diverse ecosystems.

Published
2024
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11. Exploring code portability solutions for HEP with a particle tracking test code

Author

Hammad Ather, Sophie Berkman, Giuseppe Cerati, Matti J. Kortelainen, Ka Hei Martin Kwok, Steven Lantz, Seyong Lee, Boyana Norris, Michael Reid, Allison Reinsvold Hall, Daniel Riley, Alexei Strelchenko, and Cong Wang

Subjects
heterogeneous computing, portability solutions, heterogeneous architectures, code portability, particle tracking, Information technology, T58.5-58.64
Abstract

Traditionally, high energy physics (HEP) experiments have relied on x86 CPUs for the majority of their significant computing needs. As the field looks ahead to the next generation of experiments such as DUNE and the High-Luminosity LHC, the computing demands are expected to increase dramatically. To cope with this increase, it will be necessary to take advantage of all available computing resources, including GPUs from different vendors. A broad landscape of code portability tools—including compiler pragma-based approaches, abstraction libraries, and other tools—allow the same source code to run efficiently on multiple architectures. In this paper, we use a test code taken from a HEP tracking algorithm to compare the performance and experience of implementing different portability solutions. While in several cases portable implementations perform close to the reference code version, we find that the performance varies significantly depending on the details of the implementation. Achieving optimal performance is not easy, even for relatively simple applications such as the test codes considered in this work. Several factors can affect the performance, such as the choice of the memory layout, the memory pinning strategy, and the compiler used. The compilers and tools are being actively developed, so future developments may be critical for their deployment in HEP experiments.

Published
2024
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12. A sustainable artificial-intelligence-augmented digital care pathway for epilepsy: Automating seizure tracking based on electroencephalogram data using artificial intelligence

Author

Pantea Keikhosrokiani, Minna Isomursu, Johanna Uusimaa, and Jukka Kortelainen

Subjects
Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, R858-859.7
Abstract

Objective Scalp electroencephalograms (EEGs) are critical for neurological evaluations, particularly in epilepsy, yet they demand specialized expertise that is often lacking in many regions. Artificial intelligence (AI) offers potential solutions to this gap. While existing AI models address certain aspects of EEG analysis, a fully automated system for routine EEG interpretation is required for effective epilepsy management and healthcare professionals' decision-making. This study aims to develop an AI-augmented model for automating EEG seizure tracking, thereby supporting a sustainable digital care pathway for epilepsy (DCPE). The goal is to improve patient monitoring, facilitate collaborative decision-making, ensure timely medication adherence, and promote patient compliance. Method The study proposes an AI-augmented framework using machine learning, focusing on quantitative analysis of EEG data to automate DCPE. A focus group discussion was conducted with healthcare professionals to find the problem of the current digital care pathway and assess the feasibility, usability, and sustainability of the AI-augmented system in the digital care pathway. Results The study found that a combination of random forest with principal component analysis and support vector machines with KBest feature selection achieved high accuracy rates of 96.52% and 95.28%, respectively. Additionally, the convolutional neural networks model outperformed other deep learning algorithms with an accuracy of 97.65%. The focus group discussion revealed that automating the diagnostic process in digital care pathway could reduce the time needed to diagnose epilepsy. However, the sustainability of the AI-integrated framework depends on factors such as technological infrastructure, skilled personnel, training programs, patient digital literacy, financial resources, and regulatory compliance. Conclusion The proposed AI-augmented system could enhance epilepsy management by optimizing seizure tracking accuracy, improving monitoring and timely interventions, facilitating collaborative decision-making, and promoting patient-centered care, thereby making the digital care pathway more sustainable.

Published
2024
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13. Nuclear DFT electromagnetic moments in heavy deformed open-shell odd nuclei

Author

Bonnard, J., Dobaczewski, J., Danneaux, G., and Kortelainen, M.

Subjects
Nuclear Theory
Abstract

Within the nuclear DFT approach, we determined the magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moments for paired nuclear states corresponding to the proton (neutron) quasiparticles blocked in the p11/2- (n13/2+) intruder configurations. We performed calculations for all deformed open-shell odd nuclei with 63<=Z<=82 and 82<=N<=126. Time-reversal symmetry was broken in the intrinsic reference frame and self-consistent shape and spin core polarizations were established. We determined spectroscopic moments of angular-momentum-projected wave functions and compared them with available experimental data. We obtained good agreement with data without using effective g-factors or effective charges in the dipole or quadrupole operators, respectively. We also showed that the intrinsic magnetic dipole moments, or those obtained for conserved intrinsic time-reversal symmetry, do not represent viable approximations of the spectroscopic ones., Comment: 22 LaTex pages, 6 figures, Supplemental Material, Physics Letters B, in press

Published
2022
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14. Snowmass Computational Frontier: Topical Group Report on Experimental Algorithm Parallelization

Author

Cerati, G., Heitmann, K., Hopkins, W., Bennett, J., Chen, T. Y., Gligorov, V. V., Gutsche, O., Habib, S., Kortelainen, M., Leggett, C., Mandelbaum, R., Whitehorn, N., and Williams, M.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The substantial increase in data volume and complexity expected from future experiments will require significant investment to prepare experimental algorithms. These algorithms include physics object reconstruction, calibrations, and processing of observational data. In addition, the changing computing architecture landscape, which will be primarily composed of heterogeneous resources, will continue to pose major challenges with regard to algorithmic migration. Portable tools need to be developed that can be shared among the frontiers (e.g., for code execution on different platforms) and opportunities, such as forums or cross-experimental working groups, need to be provided where experiences and lessons learned can be shared between experiments and frontiers. At the same time, individual experiments also need to invest considerable resources to develop algorithms unique to their needs (e.g., for facilities dedicated to the experiment), and ensure that their specific algorithms will be able to efficiently exploit external heterogeneous computing facilities. Common software tools represent a cost-effective solution, providing ready-to-use software solutions as well as a platform for R\&D work. These are particularly important for small experiments which typically do not have dedicated resources needed to face the challenges imposed by the evolving computing technologies. Workforce development is a key concern across frontiers and experiments, and additional support is needed to provide career opportunities for researchers working in the field of experimental algorithm development. Finally, cross-discipline collaborations going beyond high-energy physics are a key ingredient to address the challenges ahead and more support for such collaborations needs to be created. This report targets future experiments, observations and experimental algorithm development for the next 10-15 years.

Published
2022

16. Contribution of brown carbon to light absorption in emissions of European residential biomass combustion appliances

Author

S. Basnet, A. Hartikainen, A. Virkkula, P. Yli-Pirilä, M. Kortelainen, H. Suhonen, L. Kilpeläinen, M. Ihalainen, S. Väätäinen, J. Louhisalmi, M. Somero, J. Tissari, G. Jakobi, R. Zimmermann, A. Kilpeläinen, and O. Sippula

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Residential biomass combustion significantly contributes to light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols in the atmosphere, impacting the earth's radiative balance at regional and global levels. This study investigates the contribution of brown carbon (BrC) to the total particulate light absorption in the wavelength range of 370–950 nm (BrC370–950) and the particulate absorption Ångström exponents (AAE470/950) in 15 different European residential combustion appliances using a variety of wood-based fuels. BrC370–950 was estimated to be from 1 % to 21 % for wood log stoves and 10 % for a fully automatized residential pellet boiler. Correlations between the ratio of organic to elemental carbon (OC / EC) and BrC370–950 indicated that a one-unit increase in OC / EC corresponded to approximately a 14 % increase in BrC370–950. Additionally, BrC370–950 was clearly influenced by the fuel moisture content and the combustion efficiency, while the effect of the combustion appliance type was less prominent. AAE470/950 of wood log combustion aerosols ranged from 1.06 to 1.61. By examining the correlation between AAE470/950 and OC / EC, an AAE470/950 close to unity was found for pure black carbon (BC) particles originating from residential wood combustion. This supports the common assumption used to differentiate light absorption caused by BC and BrC. Moreover, diesel aerosols exhibited an AAE470/950 of 1.02, with BrC contributing only 0.66 % to the total absorption, aligning with the assumption employed in source apportionment. These findings provide important data to assess the BrC from residential wood combustion with different emission characteristics and confirm that BrC can be a major contributor to particulate UV and near-UV light absorption for northern European wood stove emissions with relatively high OC / EC ratios.

Published
2024
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17. Portability: A Necessary Approach for Future Scientific Software

Author

Bhattacharya, Meghna, Calafiura, Paolo, Childers, Taylor, Dewing, Mark, Dong, Zhihua, Gutsche, Oliver, Habib, Salman, Ju, Xiangyang, Kirby, Michael, Knoepfel, Kyle, Kortelainen, Matti, Kwok, Martin, Leggett, Charles, Lin, Meifeng, Pascuzzi, Vincent R., Strelchenko, Alexei, Viren, Brett, Yeo, Beomki, and Yu, Haiwang

Subjects
Physics - Computational Physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

Today's world of scientific software for High Energy Physics (HEP) is powered by x86 code, while the future will be much more reliant on accelerators like GPUs and FPGAs. The portable parallelization strategies (PPS) project of the High Energy Physics Center for Computational Excellence (HEP/CCE) is investigating solutions for portability techniques that will allow the coding of an algorithm once, and the ability to execute it on a variety of hardware products from many vendors, especially including accelerators. We think without these solutions, the scientific success of our experiments and endeavors is in danger, as software development could be expert driven and costly to be able to run on available hardware infrastructure. We think the best solution for the community would be an extension to the C++ standard with a very low entry bar for users, supporting all hardware forms and vendors. We are very far from that ideal though. We argue that in the future, as a community, we need to request and work on portability solutions and strive to reach this ideal., Comment: 13 pages, 1 figure. Contribution to Snowmass 2021

Published
2022

18. Safety and Completeness in Flow Decompositions for RNA Assembly

Author

Khan, Shahbaz, Kortelainen, Milla, Cáceres, Manuel, Williams, Lucia, and Tomescu, Alexandru I.

Subjects
Computer Science - Data Structures and Algorithms, Quantitative Biology - Genomics
Abstract

Decomposing a network flow into weighted paths has numerous applications. Some applications require any decomposition that is optimal w.r.t. some property such as number of paths, robustness, or length. Many bioinformatic applications require a specific decomposition where the paths correspond to some underlying data that generated the flow. For real inputs, no optimization criteria guarantees to uniquely identify the correct decomposition. Therefore, we propose to report safe paths, i.e., subpaths of at least one path in every flow decomposition. Ma, Zheng, and Kingsford [WABI 2020] addressed the existence of multiple optimal solutions in a probabilistic framework, i.e., non-identifiability. Later [RECOMB 2021], they gave a quadratic-time algorithm based on a global criterion for solving a problem called AND-Quant, which generalizes the problem of reporting whether a given path is safe. We give the first local characterization of safe paths for flow decompositions in directed acyclic graphs (DAGs), leading to a practical algorithm for finding the complete set of safe paths. We evaluated our algorithms against the trivial safe algorithms (unitigs, extended unitigs) and the popularly used heuristic (greedy-width) for flow decomposition on RNA transcripts datasets. Despite maintaining perfect precision our algorithm reports significantly higher coverage ($\approx 50\%$ more) than trivial safe algorithms. The greedy-width algorithm though reporting a better coverage, has significantly lower precision on complex graphs. Overall, our algorithm outperforms (by $\approx 20\%$) greedy-width on a unified metric (F-Score) when the dataset has significant number of complex graphs. Moreover, it has superior time ($3-5\times$) and space efficiency ($1.2-2.2\times$), resulting in a better and more practical approach for bioinformatics applications of flow decomposition., Comment: RECOMB 2022. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2102.06480

Published
2022

19. Role of land cover in Finland’s greenhouse gas emissions

Author

Holmberg, Maria, Junttila, Virpi, Schulz, Torsti, Grönroos, Juha, Paunu, Ville-Veikko, Savolahti, Mikko, Minunno, Francesco, Ojanen, Paavo, Akujärvi, Anu, Karvosenoja, Niko, Kortelainen, Pirkko, Mäkelä, Annikki, Peltoniemi, Mikko, Petäjä, Jouko, Vanhala, Pekka, and Forsius, Martin

Published
2023
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20. Nuclear Charge Radii of the Nickel Isotopes $^{58-68,70}$Ni

Author

Malbrunot-Ettenauer, S., Kaufmann, S., Bacca, S., Barbieri, C., Billowes, J., Bissell, M. L., Blaum, K., Cheal, B., Duguet, T., Ruiz, R. F. Garcia, Gins, W., Gorges, C., Hagen, G., Heylen, H., Holt, J. D., Jansen, G. R., Kanellakopoulos, A., Kortelainen, M., Miyagi, T., Navrátil, P., Nazarewicz, W., Neugart, R., Neyens, G., Nörtershäuser, W., Novario, S. J., Papenbrock, T., Ratajczyk, T., Reinhard, P. -G., Rodríguez, L. V., Sánchez, R., Sailer, S., Schwenk, A., Simonis, J., Somà, V., Stroberg, S. R., Wehner, L., Wraith, C., Xie, L., Xu, Z. Y., Yang, X. F., and Yordanov, D. T.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

Collinear laser spectroscopy is performed on the nickel isotopes $^{58-68,70}$Ni, using a time-resolved photon counting system. From the measured isotope shifts, nuclear charge radii $R_c$ are extracted and compared to theoretical results. Three ab initio approaches all employ, among others, the chiral interaction NNLO$_{\rm sat}$, which allows an assessment of their accuracy. We find agreement with experiment in differential radii $\delta \left\langle r_\mathrm{c}^2 \right\rangle$ for all employed ab initio methods and interactions, while the absolute radii are consistent with data only for NNLO$_{\rm sat}$. Within nuclear density functional theory, the Skyrme functional SV-min matches experiment more closely than the Fayans functional Fy($\Delta r$,HFB).

Published
2021
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21. Universal trend of charge radii of even-even Ca-Zn nuclei

Author

Kortelainen, Markus, Sun, Zhonghao, Hagen, Gaute, Nazarewicz, Witold, Papenbrock, Thomas, and Reinhard, Paul-Gerhard

Subjects
Nuclear Theory
Abstract

Radii of nuclear charge distributions carry information about the strong and electromagnetic forces acting inside the atomic nucleus. While the global behavior of nuclear charge radii is governed by the bulk properties of nuclear matter, their local trends are affected by quantum motion of proton and neutron nuclear constituents. The measured differential charge radii $\delta\langle r^2_c\rangle$ between neutron numbers $N=28$ and $N=40$ exhibit a universal pattern as a function of $n=N-28$ that is independent of the atomic number. Here we analyze this remarkable behavior in even-even nuclei from calcium to zinc using two state-of-the-art theories based on quantified nuclear interactions: the ab-initio coupled cluster theory and nuclear density functional theory. Both theories reproduce the smooth rise of differential charge radii and their weak dependence on the atomic number. By considering a large set of isotopic chains, we show that this trend can be captured by just two parameters: the slope and curvature of ${\delta\langle r^2_c\rangle(n)}$. We demonstrate that these parameters show appreciable model dependence, and the statistical analysis indicates that they are not correlated with any single model property, i.e., they are impacted by both bulk nuclear properties as well as shell structure., Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures

Published
2021
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22. Assessing cardiovascular stress based on heart rate variability in female shift workers: a multiscale-multifractal analysis approach

Author

Raquel Delgado-Aranda, Guadalupe Dorantes-Méndez, Anna Maria Bianchi, Juha M. Kortelainen, Stefania Coelli, Jorge Jimenez-Cruz, and Martin O. Méndez

Subjects
cardiovascular stress, detrended fluctuation analysis, heart rate variability, shift work, sleep, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract

IntroductionSleep-wake cycle disruption caused by shift work may lead to cardiovascular stress, which is observed as an alteration in the behavior of heart rate variability (HRV). In particular, HRV exhibits complex patterns over different time scales that help to understand the regulatory mechanisms of the autonomic nervous system, and changes in the fractality of HRV may be associated with pathological conditions, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, or even psychological stress. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the multifractal-multiscale structure of HRV during sleep in healthy shift and non-shift workers to identify conditions of cardiovascular stress that may be associated with shift work.MethodsThe whole-sleep HRV signal was analyzed from female participants: eleven healthy shift workers and seven non-shift workers. The HRV signal was decomposed into intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) using the empirical mode decomposition method, and then the IMFs were analyzed using the multiscale-multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MMF-DFA) method. The MMF-DFA was applied to estimate the self-similarity coefficients, α(q, τ), considering moment orders (q) between –5 and +5 and scales (τ) between 8 and 2,048 s. Additionally, to describe the multifractality at each τ in a simple way, a multifractal index, MFI(τ), was computed.ResultsCompared to non-shift workers, shift workers presented an increase in the scaling exponent, α(q, τ), at short scales (τ < 64 s) with q < 0 in the high-frequency component (IMF1, 0.15–0.4 Hz) and low-frequency components (IMF2–IMF3, 0.04–0.15 Hz), and with q> 0 in the very low frequencies (IMF4, < 0.04 Hz). In addition, at large scales (τ> 1,024 s), a decrease in α(q, τ) was observed in IMF3, suggesting an alteration in the multifractal dynamic. MFI(τ) showed an increase at small scales and a decrease at large scales in IMFs of shift workers.ConclusionThis study helps to recognize the multifractality of HRV during sleep, beyond simply looking at indices based on means and variances. This analysis helps to identify that shift workers show alterations in fractal properties, mainly on short scales. These findings suggest a disturbance in the autonomic nervous system induced by the cardiovascular stress of shift work.

Published
2024
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23. Solution of universal nonrelativistic nuclear DFT equations in the Cartesian deformed harmonic-oscillator basis. (IX) HFODD (v3.06h): a new version of the program

Author

Dobaczewski, J., Bączyk, P., Becker, P., Bender, M., Bennaceur, K., Bonnard, J., Gao, Y., Idini, A., Konieczka, M., Kortelainen, M., Próchniak, L., Romero, A. M., Satuła, W., Shi, Y., Werner, T. R., and Yu, L. F.

Subjects
Nuclear Theory
Abstract

We describe the new version (v3.06h) of the code HFODD that solves the universal nonrelativistic nuclear DFT Hartree-Fock or Hartree-Fock-Bogolyubov problem by using the Cartesian deformed harmonic-oscillator basis. In the new version, we implemented the following new features: (i) zero-range three- and four-body central terms, (ii) zero-range three-body gradient terms, (iii) zero-range tensor terms, (iv) zero-range isospin-breaking terms, (v) finite-range higher-order regularized terms, (vi) finite-range separable terms, (vii) zero-range two-body pairing terms, (viii) multi-quasiparticle blocking, (ix) Pfaffian overlaps, (x) particle-number and parity symmetry restoration, (xi) axialization, (xii) Wigner functions, (xiii) choice of the harmonic-oscillator basis, (xiv) fixed Omega partitions, (xv) consistency formula between energy and fields, and we corrected several errors of the previous versions., Comment: 52 LaTeX pages, revised version

Published
2021
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24. Porting CMS Heterogeneous Pixel Reconstruction to Kokkos

Author

Childers, Taylor, Kortelainen, Matti J., Kwok, Martin, Strelchenko, Alexei, and Wang, Yunsong

Subjects
Physics - Computational Physics
Abstract

Programming for a diverse set of compute accelerators in addition to the CPU is a challenge. Maintaining separate source code for each architecture would require lots of effort, and development of new algorithms would be daunting if it had to be repeated many times. Fortunately there are several portability technologies on the market such as Alpaka, Kokkos, and SYCL. These technologies aim to improve the developer productivity by making it possible to use the same source code for many different architectures. In this paper we use heterogeneous pixel reconstruction code from the CMS experiment at the CERNL LHC as a realistic use case of a GPU-targeting HEP reconstruction software, and report experience from prototyping a portable version of it using Kokkos. The development was done in a standalone program that attempts to model many of the complexities of a HEP data processing framework such as CMSSW. We also compare the achieved event processing throughput to the original CUDA code and a CPU version of it., Comment: Submitted to 25th International Conference on Computing in High-Energy and Nuclear Physics (vCHEP 2021)

Published
2021

25. Parallelizing the Unpacking and Clustering of Detector Data for Reconstruction of Charged Particle Tracks on Multi-core CPUs and Many-core GPUs

Author

Cerati, Giuseppe, Elmer, Peter, Gravelle, Brian, Kortelainen, Matti, Krutelyov, Vyacheslav, Lantz, Steven, Masciovecchio, Mario, McDermott, Kevin, Norris, Boyana, Hall, Allison Reinsvold, Reid, Micheal, Riley, Daniel, Tadel, Matevž, Wittich, Peter, Wang, Bei, Würthwein, Frank, and Yagil, Avraham

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Computer Science - Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing
Abstract

We present results from parallelizing the unpacking and clustering steps of the raw data from the silicon strip modules for reconstruction of charged particle tracks. Throughput is further improved by concurrently processing multiple events using nested OpenMP parallelism on CPU or CUDA streams on GPU. The new implementation along with earlier work in developing a parallelized and vectorized implementation of the combinatoric Kalman filter algorithm has enabled efficient global reconstruction of the entire event on modern computer architectures. We demonstrate the performance of the new implementation on Intel Xeon and NVIDIA GPU architectures.

Published
2021

26. Charge radii of exotic potassium isotopes challenge nuclear theory and the magic character of $N = 32$

Author

Koszorús, Á., Yang, X. F., Jiang, W. G., Novario, S. J., Bai, S. W., Billowes, J., Binnersley, C. L., Bissell, M. L., Cocolios, T. E., Cooper, B. S., de Groote, R. P., Ekström, A., Flanagan, K. T., Forssén, C., Franchoo, S., Ruiz, R. F. Garcia, Gustafsson, F. P., Hagen, G., Jansen, G. R., Kanellakopoulos, A., Kortelainen, M., Nazarewicz, W., Neyens, G., Papenbrock, T., Reinhard, P. -G., Sahoo, B. K., Ricketts, C. M., Vernon, A. R., and Wilkins, S. G.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory, Physics - Atomic Physics
Abstract

Nuclear charge radii are sensitive probes of different aspects of the nucleon-nucleon interaction and the bulk properties of nuclear matter; thus, they provide a stringent test and challenge for nuclear theory. The calcium region has been of particular interest, as experimental evidence has suggested a new magic number at $N = 32$ [1-3], while the unexpectedly large increases in the charge radii [4,5] open new questions about the evolution of nuclear size in neutron-rich systems. By combining the collinear resonance ionization spectroscopy method with $\beta$-decay detection, we were able to extend the charge radii measurement of potassium ($Z =19$) isotopes up to the exotic $^{52}$K ($t_{1/2}$ = 110 ms), produced in minute quantities. Our work provides the first charge radii measurement beyond $N = 32$ in the region, revealing no signature of the magic character at this neutron number. The results are interpreted with two state-of-the-art nuclear theories. For the first time, a long sequence of isotopes could be calculated with coupled-cluster calculations based on newly developed nuclear interactions. The strong increase in the charge radii beyond $N = 28$ is not well captured by these calculations, but is well reproduced by Fayans nuclear density functional theory, which, however, overestimates the odd-even staggering effect. These findings highlight our limited understanding on the nuclear size of neutron-rich systems, and expose pressing problems that are present in some of the best current models of nuclear theory., Comment: submitted version; revision accepted in Nature Physics

Published
2020
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27. Widespread synchrony in phosphorus concentrations in northern lakes linked to winter temperature and summer precipitation

Author

Peter D. F. Isles, Irena F. Creed, Dag O. Hessen, Pirkko Kortelainen, Michael Paterson, Francesco Pomati, James A. Rusak, Jussi Vuorenmaa, and Ann‐Kristin Bergström

Subjects
Oceanography, GC1-1581
Abstract

Abstract In recent years, unexplained declines in lake total phosphorus (TP) concentrations have been observed at northern latitudes (> 42°N latitude) where most of the world's lakes are found. We compiled data from 389 lakes in Fennoscandia and eastern North America to investigate the effects of climate on lake TP concentrations. Synchrony in year‐to‐year variability is an indicator of climatic influences on lake TP, because other major influences on nutrients (e.g., land use change) are not likely to affect all lakes in the same year. We identified significant synchrony in lake TP both within and among different geographic regions. Using a bootstrapped random forest analysis, we identified winter temperature as the most important factor controlling annual TP, followed by summer precipitation. In Fennoscandia, TP was negatively correlated with the winter East Atlantic Pattern, which is associated with regionally warmer winters. Our results suggest that, in the absence of other overriding factors, lake TP and productivity may decline with continued winter warming in northern lakes.

Published
2023
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28. Search for CP violating top quark couplings in pp collisions at s $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 13 TeV

Author

The CMS collaboration, A. Tumasyan, W. Adam, T. Bergauer, M. Dragicevic, A. Escalante Del Valle, R. Frühwirth, M. Jeitler, N. Krammer, L. Lechner, D. Liko, I. Mikulec, F. M. Pitters, J. Schieck, R. Schöfbeck, M. Spanring, S. Templ, W. Waltenberger, C.-E. Wulz, M. Zarucki, M. R. Darwish, E. A. De Wolf, T. Janssen, T. Kello, A. Lelek, M. Pieters, H. Rejeb Sfar, P. Van Mechelen, S. Van Putte, N. Van Remortel, F. Blekman, E. S. Bols, J. D’Hondt, J. De Clercq, D. Lontkovskyi, S. Lowette, I. Marchesini, S. Moortgat, A. Morton, D. Müller, A. R. Sahasransu, S. Tavernier, W. Van Doninck, P. Van Mulders, D. Beghin, B. Bilin, B. Clerbaux, G. De Lentdecker, B. Dorney, L. Favart, A. Grebenyuk, A. K. Kalsi, K. Lee, I. Makarenko, L. Moureaux, L. Pétré, A. Popov, N. Postiau, E. Starling, L. Thomas, C. Vander Velde, P. Vanlaer, D. Vannerom, L. Wezenbeek, T. Cornelis, D. Dobur, M. Gruchala, I. Khvastunov, G. Mestdach, M. Niedziela, C. Roskas, K. Skovpen, M. Tytgat, W. Verbeke, B. Vermassen, M. Vit, A. Bethani, G. Bruno, F. Bury, C. Caputo, P. David, C. Delaere, M. Delcourt, I. S. Donertas, A. Giammanco, V. Lemaitre, K. Mondal, J. Prisciandaro, A. Taliercio, M. Teklishyn, P. Vischia, S. Wertz, S. Wuyckens, G. A. Alves, C. Hensel, A. Moraes, W. L. Aldá Júnior, E. Belchior Batista Das Chagas, H. BRANDAO MALBOUISSON, W. Carvalho, J. Chinellato, E. Coelho, E. M. Da Costa, G. G. Da Silveira, D. De Jesus Damiao, S. Fonseca De Souza, J. Martins, D. Matos Figueiredo, C. Mora Herrera, L. Mundim, H. Nogima, P. Rebello Teles, L. J. Sanchez Rosas, A. Santoro, S. M. Silva Do Amaral, A. Sznajder, M. Thiel, F. Torres Da Silva De Araujo, A. Vilela Pereira, C. A. Bernardes, L. Calligaris, T. R. Fernandez Perez Tomei, E. M. Gregores, D. S. Lemos, P. G. Mercadante, S. F. Novaes, Sandra S. Padula, A. Aleksandrov, G. Antchev, I. Atanassov, R. Hadjiiska, P. Iaydjiev, M. Misheva, M. Rodozov, M. Shopova, G. Sultanov, A. Dimitrov, T. Ivanov, L. Litov, B. Pavlov, P. Petkov, A. Petrov, T. Cheng, W. Fang, Q. Guo, M. Mittal, H. Wang, L. Yuan, M. Ahmad, G. Bauer, Z. Hu, Y. Wang, K. Yi, E. Chapon, G. M. Chen, H. S. Chen, M. Chen, T. Javaid, A. Kapoor, D. Leggat, H. Liao, Z.-A. Liu, R. Sharma, A. Spiezia, J. Tao, J. Thomas-Wilsker, J. Wang, H. Zhang, S. Zhang, J. Zhao, A. Agapitos, Y. Ban, C. Chen, Q. Huang, A. Levin, Q. Li, M. Lu, X. Lyu, Y. Mao, S. J. Qian, D. Wang, Q. Wang, J. Xiao, Z. You, X. Gao, H. Okawa, M. Xiao, C. Avila, A. Cabrera, C. Florez, J. Fraga, A. Sarkar, M. A. Segura Delgado, J. Jaramillo, J. Mejia Guisao, F. Ramirez, J. D. Ruiz Alvarez, C. A. Salazar González, N. Vanegas Arbelaez, D. Giljanovic, N. Godinovic, D. Lelas, I. Puljak, Z. Antunovic, M. Kovac, T. Sculac, V. Brigljevic, D. Ferencek, D. Majumder, M. Roguljic, A. Starodumov, T. Susa, M. W. Ather, A. Attikis, E. Erodotou, A. Ioannou, G. Kole, M. Kolosova, S. Konstantinou, J. Mousa, C. Nicolaou, F. Ptochos, P. A. Razis, H. Rykaczewski, H. Saka, D. Tsiakkouri, M. Finger, A. Kveton, J. Tomsa, E. Ayala, E. Carrera Jarrin, A. A. Abdelalim, S. Abu Zeid, S. Elgammal, A. Lotfy, M. A. Mahmoud, S. Bhowmik, A. Carvalho Antunes De Oliveira, R. K. Dewanjee, K. Ehataht, M. Kadastik, J. Pata, M. Raidal, C. Veelken, P. Eerola, L. Forthomme, H. Kirschenmann, K. Osterberg, M. Voutilainen, E. Brücken, F. Garcia, J. Havukainen, V. Karimäki, M. S. Kim, R. Kinnunen, T. Lampén, K. Lassila-Perini, S. Lehti, T. Lindén, H. Siikonen, E. Tuominen, J. Tuominiemi, P. Luukka, T. Tuuva, C. Amendola, M. Besancon, F. Couderc, M. Dejardin, D. Denegri, J. L. Faure, F. Ferri, S. Ganjour, A. Givernaud, P. Gras, G. Hamel de Monchenault, P. Jarry, B. Lenzi, E. Locci, J. Malcles, J. Rander, A. Rosowsky, M. Ö. Sahin, A. Savoy-Navarro, M. Titov, G. B. Yu, S. Ahuja, F. Beaudette, M. Bonanomi, A. Buchot Perraguin, P. Busson, C. Charlot, O. Davignon, B. Diab, G. Falmagne, R. Granier de Cassagnac, A. Hakimi, I. Kucher, A. Lobanov, C. Martin Perez, M. Nguyen, C. Ochando, P. Paganini, J. Rembser, R. Salerno, J. B. Sauvan, Y. Sirois, A. Zabi, A. Zghiche, J.-L. Agram, J. Andrea, D. Bloch, G. Bourgatte, J.-M. Brom, E. C. Chabert, C. Collard, J.-C. Fontaine, U. Goerlach, C. Grimault, A.-C. Le Bihan, P. Van Hove, E. Asilar, S. Beauceron, C. Bernet, G. Boudoul, C. Camen, A. Carle, N. Chanon, D. Contardo, P. Depasse, H. El Mamouni, J. Fay, S. Gascon, M. Gouzevitch, B. Ille, Sa. Jain, I. B. Laktineh, H. Lattaud, A. Lesauvage, M. Lethuillier, L. Mirabito, K. Shchablo, L. Torterotot, G. Touquet, M. Vander Donckt, S. Viret, A. Khvedelidze, Z. Tsamalaidze, L. Feld, K. Klein, M. Lipinski, D. Meuser, A. Pauls, M. P. Rauch, J. Schulz, M. Teroerde, D. Eliseev, M. Erdmann, P. Fackeldey, B. Fischer, S. Ghosh, T. Hebbeker, K. Hoepfner, H. Keller, L. Mastrolorenzo, M. Merschmeyer, A. Meyer, G. Mocellin, S. Mondal, S. Mukherjee, D. Noll, A. Novak, T. Pook, A. Pozdnyakov, Y. Rath, H. Reithler, J. Roemer, A. Schmidt, S. C. Schuler, A. Sharma, S. Wiedenbeck, S. Zaleski, C. Dziwok, G. Flügge, W. Haj Ahmad, O. Hlushchenko, T. Kress, A. Nowack, C. Pistone, O. Pooth, D. Roy, H. Sert, A. Stahl, T. Ziemons, H. Aarup Petersen, M. Aldaya Martin, P. Asmuss, I. Babounikau, S. Baxter, O. Behnke, A. Bermúdez Martínez, A. A. Bin Anuar, K. Borras, V. Botta, D. Brunner, A. Campbell, A. Cardini, P. Connor, S. Consuegra Rodríguez, V. Danilov, A. De Wit, M. M. Defranchis, L. Didukh, D. Domínguez Damiani, G. Eckerlin, D. Eckstein, L. I. Estevez Banos, E. Gallo, A. Geiser, A. Giraldi, A. Grohsjean, M. Guthoff, A. Harb, A. Jafari, N. Z. Jomhari, A. Kasem, M. Kasemann, H. Kaveh, C. Kleinwort, J. Knolle, D. Krücker, W. Lange, T. Lenz, J. Lidrych, K. Lipka, W. Lohmann, T. Madlener, R. Mankel, I.-A. Melzer-Pellmann, J. Metwally, A. B. Meyer, M. Meyer, J. Mnich, A. Mussgiller, V. Myronenko, Y. Otarid, D. Pérez Adán, S. K. Pflitsch, D. Pitzl, A. Raspereza, A. Saggio, A. Saibel, M. Savitskyi, V. Scheurer, C. Schwanenberger, A. Singh, R. E. Sosa Ricardo, N. Tonon, O. Turkot, A. Vagnerini, M. Van De Klundert, R. Walsh, D. Walter, Y. Wen, K. Wichmann, C. Wissing, S. Wuchterl, O. Zenaiev, R. Zlebcik, R. Aggleton, S. Bein, L. Benato, A. Benecke, K. De Leo, T. Dreyer, M. Eich, F. Feindt, A. Fröhlich, C. Garbers, E. Garutti, P. Gunnellini, J. Haller, A. Hinzmann, A. Karavdina, G. Kasieczka, R. Klanner, R. Kogler, V. Kutzner, J. Lange, T. Lange, A. Malara, C. E. N. Niemeyer, A. Nigamova, K. J. Pena Rodriguez, O. Rieger, P. Schleper, S. Schumann, J. Schwandt, D. Schwarz, J. Sonneveld, H. Stadie, G. Steinbrück, A. Tews, B. Vormwald, I. Zoi, J. Bechtel, T. Berger, E. Butz, R. Caspart, T. Chwalek, W. De Boer, A. Dierlamm, A. Droll, K. El Morabit, N. Faltermann, K. Flöh, M. Giffels, J. o. Gosewisch, A. Gottmann, F. Hartmann, C. Heidecker, U. Husemann, I. Katkov, P. Keicher, R. Koppenhöfer, S. Maier, M. Metzler, S. Mitra, Th. Müller, M. Musich, M. Neukum, G. Quast, K. Rabbertz, J. Rauser, D. Savoiu, D. Schäfer, M. Schnepf, M. Schröder, D. Seith, I. Shvetsov, H. J. Simonis, R. Ulrich, J. Van Der Linden, R. F. Von Cube, M. Wassmer, M. Weber, S. Wieland, R. Wolf, S. Wozniewski, S. Wunsch, G. Anagnostou, P. Asenov, G. Daskalakis, T. Geralis, A. Kyriakis, G. Paspalaki, A. Stakia, M. Diamantopoulou, D. Karasavvas, G. Karathanasis, P. Kontaxakis, C. K. Koraka, A. Manousakis-Katsikakis, A. Panagiotou, I. Papavergou, N. Saoulidou, K. Theofilatos, E. Tziaferi, K. Vellidis, E. Vourliotis, G. Bakas, K. Kousouris, I. Papakrivopoulos, G. Tsipolitis, A. Zacharopoulou, I. Evangelou, C. Foudas, P. Gianneios, P. Katsoulis, P. Kokkas, K. Manitara, N. Manthos, I. Papadopoulos, J. Strologas, M. Csanád, M. M. A. Gadallah, S. Lökös, P. Major, K. Mandal, A. Mehta, G. Pásztor, O. Surányi, G. I. Veres, M. Bartók, G. Bencze, C. Hajdu, D. Horvath, F. Sikler, V. Veszpremi, G. Vesztergombi, S. Czellar, J. Karancsi, J. Molnar, Z. Szillasi, D. Teyssier, P. Raics, Z. L. Trocsanyi, B. Ujvari, T. Csorgo, F. Nemes, T. Novak, S. Choudhury, J. R. Komaragiri, D. Kumar, L. Panwar, P. C. Tiwari, S. Bansal, S. B. Beri, V. Bhatnagar, G. Chaudhary, S. Chauhan, N. Dhingra, R. Gupta, A. Kaur, S. Kaur, P. Kumari, M. Meena, K. Sandeep, J. B. Singh, A. K. Virdi, A. Ahmed, A. Bhardwaj, B. C. Choudhary, R. B. Garg, M. Gola, S. Keshri, A. Kumar, M. Naimuddin, P. Priyanka, K. Ranjan, A. Shah, M. Bharti, R. Bhattacharya, S. Bhattacharya, D. Bhowmik, S. Dutta, B. Gomber, M. Maity, S. Nandan, P. Palit, P. K. Rout, G. Saha, B. Sahu, S. Sarkar, M. Sharan, B. Singh, S. Thakur, P. K. Behera, S. C. Behera, P. Kalbhor, A. Muhammad, R. Pradhan, P. R. Pujahari, A. K. Sikdar, D. Dutta, V. Jha, V. Kumar, D. K. Mishra, K. Naskar, P. K. Netrakanti, L. M. Pant, P. Shukla, T. Aziz, S. Dugad, G. B. Mohanty, U. Sarkar, S. Banerjee, S. Chatterjee, R. Chudasama, M. Guchait, S. Karmakar, S. Kumar, G. Majumder, K. Mazumdar, S. Bahinipati, D. Dash, C. Kar, P. Mal, T. Mishra, V. K. Muraleedharan Nair Bindhu, A. Nayak, N. Sur, S. K. Swain, S. Dube, B. Kansal, S. Pandey, A. Rane, A. Rastogi, S. Sharma, H. Bakhshiansohi, M. Zeinali, S. Chenarani, S. M. 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Rebassoo, D. Wright, E. Adams, A. Baden, O. Baron, A. Belloni, S. C. Eno, Y. Feng, N. J. Hadley, S. Jabeen, R. G. Kellogg, T. Koeth, A. C. Mignerey, S. Nabili, M. Seidel, A. Skuja, S. C. Tonwar, L. Wang, K. Wong, D. Abercrombie, R. Bi, S. Brandt, W. Busza, I. A. Cali, M. D’Alfonso, G. Gomez-Ceballos, M. Goncharov, P. Harris, M. Hu, M. Klute, D. Kovalskyi, J. Krupa, Y.-J. Lee, P. D. Luckey, B. Maier, A. C. Marini, C. Mironov, X. Niu, C. Paus, D. Rankin, C. Roland, G. Roland, Z. Shi, G. S. F. Stephans, K. Tatar, D. Velicanu, T. W. Wang, Z. Wang, B. Wyslouch, R. M. Chatterjee, A. Evans, P. Hansen, J. Hiltbrand, Sh. Jain, M. Krohn, Y. Kubota, Z. Lesko, J. Mans, M. Revering, R. Rusack, R. Saradhy, N. Schroeder, N. Strobbe, M. A. Wadud, J. G. Acosta, S. Oliveros, K. Bloom, M. Bryson, D. R. Claes, C. Fangmeier, L. Finco, F. Golf, J. R. González Fernández, C. Joo, I. Kravchenko, J. E. Siado, G. R. Snow, W. Tabb, F. Yan, G. Agarwal, H. Bandyopadhyay, L. Hay, I. Iashvili, A. Kharchilava, C. McLean, D. Nguyen, J. Pekkanen, S. Rappoccio, G. Alverson, E. Barberis, C. Freer, Y. Haddad, A. Hortiangtham, J. Li, G. Madigan, B. Marzocchi, D. M. Morse, V. Nguyen, T. Orimoto, A. Parker, L. Skinnari, A. Tishelman-Charny, T. Wamorkar, B. Wang, A. Wisecarver, D. Wood, J. Bueghly, Z. Chen, A. Gilbert, T. Gunter, K. A. Hahn, N. Odell, M. H. Schmitt, K. Sung, M. Velasco, R. Bucci, N. Dev, R. Goldouzian, M. Hildreth, K. Hurtado Anampa, C. Jessop, K. Lannon, N. Loukas, N. Marinelli, I. Mcalister, F. Meng, K. Mohrman, Y. Musienko, R. Ruchti, P. Siddireddy, M. Wayne, A. Wightman, M. Wolf, L. Zygala, J. Alimena, B. Bylsma, B. Cardwell, L. S. Durkin, B. Francis, C. Hill, A. Lefeld, B. L. Winer, B. R. Yates, F. M. Addesa, B. Bonham, P. Das, G. Dezoort, P. Elmer, A. Frankenthal, B. Greenberg, N. Haubrich, S. Higginbotham, A. Kalogeropoulos, G. Kopp, S. Kwan, D. Lange, M. T. Lucchini, D. Marlow, K. Mei, I. Ojalvo, J. Olsen, C. Palmer, P. Piroué, D. Stickland, C. Tully, S. Norberg, A. S. Bakshi, V. E. Barnes, R. Chawla, S. Das, L. Gutay, M. Jones, A. W. Jung, S. Karmarkar, M. Liu, G. Negro, N. Neumeister, C. C. Peng, S. Piperov, A. Purohit, J. F. Schulte, M. Stojanovic, F. Wang, A. Wildridge, R. Xiao, W. Xie, J. Dolen, N. Parashar, A. Baty, S. Dildick, K. M. Ecklund, S. Freed, F. J. M. Geurts, W. Li, B. P. Padley, R. Redjimi, J. Roberts, W. Shi, A. G. Stahl Leiton, A. Bodek, P. de Barbaro, R. Demina, J. L. Dulemba, C. Fallon, T. Ferbel, M. Galanti, A. Garcia-Bellido, O. Hindrichs, A. Khukhunaishvili, E. Ranken, R. Taus, B. Chiarito, J. P. Chou, A. Gandrakota, Y. Gershtein, E. Halkiadakis, A. Hart, M. Heindl, E. Hughes, S. Kaplan, O. Karacheban, I. Laflotte, A. Lath, R. Montalvo, K. Nash, M. Osherson, S. Salur, S. Schnetzer, S. Somalwar, R. Stone, S. A. Thayil, S. Thomas, H. Acharya, A. G. Delannoy, S. Spanier, O. Bouhali, M. Dalchenko, A. Delgado, R. Eusebi, J. Gilmore, T. Huang, T. Kamon, S. Luo, S. Malhotra, R. Mueller, D. Overton, D. Rathjens, A. Safonov, N. Akchurin, J. Damgov, V. Hegde, S. Kunori, K. Lamichhane, T. Mengke, S. Muthumuni, T. Peltola, S. Undleeb, I. Volobouev, A. Whitbeck, E. Appelt, S. Greene, A. Gurrola, W. Johns, C. Maguire, A. Melo, H. Ni, K. Padeken, F. Romeo, P. Sheldon, S. Tuo, J. Velkovska, M. W. Arenton, B. Cox, G. Cummings, J. Hakala, R. Hirosky, M. Joyce, A. Ledovskoy, A. Li, C. Neu, B. Tannenwald, E. Wolfe, P. E. Karchin, N. Poudyal, P. Thapa, K. Black, T. Bose, J. Buchanan, C. Caillol, S. Dasu, I. De Bruyn, P. Everaerts, C. Galloni, H. He, M. Herndon, A. Hervé, U. Hussain, A. Lanaro, A. Loeliger, R. Loveless, J. Madhusudanan Sreekala, A. Mallampalli, A. Mohammadi, D. Pinna, A. Savin, V. Shang, W. H. Smith, D. Teague, S. Trembath-Reichert, W. Vetens, S. Afanasiev, V. Andreev, Yu. Andreev, T. Aushev, M. Azarkin, A. Babaev, V. Blinov, E. Boos, V. Borchsh, D. Budkouski, V. Bunichev, P. Bunin, O. Bychkova, M. Chadeeva, V. Chekhovsky, A. Dermenev, T. Dimova, I. Dremin, M. Dubinin, L. Dudko, V. Epshteyn, A. Ershov, M. Gavrilenko, G. Gavrilov, V. Gavrilov, S. Gninenko, V. Golovtcov, N. Golubev, I. Golutvin, I. Gorbunov, A. Iuzhakov, V. Ivanchenko, Y. Ivanov, V. Kachanov, A. Kalinin, A. Kamenev, L. Kardapoltsev, V. Karjavine, A. Karneyeu, V. Kim, M. Kirakosyan, M. Kirsanov, V. Klyukhin, D. Konstantinov, N. Korneeva, N. Krasnikov, E. Kuznetsova, A. Lanev, A. Litomin, N. Lychkovskaya, V. Makarenko, A. Malakhov, V. Matveev, V. Murzin, A. Nikitenko, S. Obraztsov, V. Okhotnikov, V. Oreshkin, I. Ovtin, V. Palichik, A. Pashenkov, V. Perelygin, M. Perfilov, D. Philippov, G. Pivovarov, V. Popov, E. Popova, V. Rusinov, G. Safronov, M. Savina, V. Savrin, D. Seitova, V. Shalaev, S. Shmatov, S. Shulha, Y. Skovpen, I. Smirnov, V. Smirnov, D. Sosnov, A. Spiridonov, A. Stepennov, L. Sukhikh, V. Sulimov, E. Tcherniaev, A. Terkulov, O. Teryaev, D. Tlisov, M. Toms, A. Toropin, L. Uvarov, A. Uzunian, E. Vlasov, P. Volkov, S. Volkov, A. Vorobyev, N. Voytishin, A. Zarubin, I. Zhizhin, and A. Zhokin

Subjects
CP Violation, Hadron-Hadron Scattering, Top Physics, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract Results are presented from a search for CP violation in top quark pair production, using proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The data used for this analysis consist of final states with two charged leptons collected by the CMS experiment, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb −1. The search uses two observables, O $$ \mathcal{O} $$ 1 and O $$ \mathcal{O} $$ 3, which are Lorentz scalars. The observable O $$ \mathcal{O} $$ 1 is constructed from the four-momenta of the charged leptons and the reconstructed top quarks, while O $$ \mathcal{O} $$ 3 consists of the four-momenta of the charged leptons and the b quarks originating from the top quarks. Asymmetries in these observables are sensitive to CP violation, and their measurement is used to determine the chromoelectric dipole moment of the top quark. The results are consistent with the expectation from the standard model.

Published
2023
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29. Heterogeneous reconstruction of tracks and primary vertices with the CMS pixel tracker

Author

Bocci, Andrea, Kortelainen, Matti, Innocente, Vincenzo, Pantaleo, Felice, and Rovere, Marco

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The High-Luminosity upgrade of the LHC will see the accelerator reach an instantaneous luminosity of $7\times 10^{34} cm^{-2}s^{-1}$ with an average pileup of $200$ proton-proton collisions. These conditions will pose an unprecedented challenge to the online and offline reconstruction software developed by the experiments. The computational complexity will exceed by far the expected increase in processing power for conventional CPUs, demanding an alternative approach. Industry and High-Performance Computing (HPC) centres are successfully using heterogeneous computing platforms to achieve higher throughput and better energy efficiency by matching each job to the most appropriate architecture. In this paper we will describe the results of a heterogeneous implementation of pixel tracks and vertices reconstruction chain on Graphics Processing Units (GPUs). The framework has been designed and developed to be integrated in the CMS reconstruction software, CMSSW. The speed up achieved by leveraging GPUs allows for more complex algorithms to be executed, obtaining better physics output and a higher throughput.

Published
2020

30. Nucleon localization function in rotating nuclei

Author

Li, Tong, Chen, Mengzhi, Zhang, Chunli, Nazarewicz, Witold, and Kortelainen, Markus

Subjects
Nuclear Theory
Abstract

Background: An electron localization function was originally introduced to visualize bond structures in molecules. It became a useful tool to describe electron configurations in atoms, molecules and solids. In nuclear physics, a nucleon localization function (NLF) has been used to characterize clusters in light nuclei, fragment formation in fission and pasta phases in the inner crust of neutron stars. Purpose: We use the NLF to study the nuclear response to fast rotation. Methods: We generalize the NLF to the case of nuclear rotation. The extended expressions involve both time-even and time-odd local densities. Since current density and density gradient contribute to the NLF primarily at the surface, we propose a simpler spatial measure given by the kinetic-energy density. Illustrative calculations for the superdeformed yrast band of $^{152}$Dy were carried out by using the cranked Skyrme-Hartree-Fock method. We also employed the cranked harmonic-oscillator model to gain insights into patterns revealed by the NLF at high angular momentum. Results: In a deformed rotating nucleus, several NLFs can be introduced, depending on the definition of the spin-quantization axis and self-consistent symmetries of the system. The oscillating pattern of the NLF can be explained by a constructive interference between the kinetic-energy and particle densities. The nodal pattern seen in the NLF along the major axis of a rotating nucleus comes from single-particle orbits with large aligned angular momentum. The variation of the NLF along the minor axis is traced back to deformation-aligned orbits. Conclusions: The NLF allows a simple interpretation of the shell structure evolution in the rotating nucleus in terms of the angular-momentum alignment of individual nucleons. We expect that the NLF will be useful for the characterization of other collective modes and time-dependent processes., Comment: 14 pages, 20 figures

Published
2020
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31. Speeding up Particle Track Reconstruction using a Parallel Kalman Filter Algorithm

Author

Lantz, Steven, McDermott, Kevin, Reid, Michael, Riley, Daniel, Wittich, Peter, Berkman, Sophie, Cerati, Giuseppe, Kortelainen, Matti, Hall, Allison Reinsvold, Elmer, Peter, Wang, Bei, Giannini, Leonardo, Krutelyov, Vyacheslav, Masciovecchio, Mario, Tadel, Matevž, Würthwein, Frank, Yagil, Avraham, Gravelle, Brian, and Norris, Boyana

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

One of the most computationally challenging problems expected for the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) is determining the trajectory of charged particles during event reconstruction. Algorithms used at the LHC today rely on Kalman filtering, which builds physical trajectories incrementally while incorporating material effects and error estimation. Recognizing the need for faster computational throughput, we have adapted Kalman-filter-based methods for highly parallel, many-core SIMD architectures that are now prevalent in high-performance hardware. In this paper, we discuss the design and performance of the improved tracking algorithm, referred to as mkFit. A key piece of the algorithm is the Matriplex library, containing dedicated code to optimally vectorize operations on small matrices. The physics performance of the mkFit algorithm is comparable to the nominal CMS tracking algorithm when reconstructing tracks from simulated proton-proton collisions within the CMS detector. We study the scaling of the algorithm as a function of the parallel resources utilized and find large speedups both from vectorization and multi-threading. mkFit achieves a speedup of a factor of 6 compared to the nominal algorithm when run in a single-threaded application within the CMS software framework.

Published
2020
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32. Thouless-Valatin moment of inertia and removal of the spurious mode in the linear response theory

Author

Kortelainen, Markus

Subjects
Nuclear Theory
Abstract

Symmetry breaking at the mean-field level leads to an appearance of a symmetry restoring Nambu-Goldstone (NG) mode in the linear response theory. These modes represent a special kind of collective motion of the system. However, they can interfere with the calculated intrinsic physical excitations and, hence, they are often called as spurious modes. I discuss translational and rotational NG mode and the inertia parameter associated with these modes, by using the finite amplitude method formalism. I will also discuss how to remove spurious mode from the calculated transition strength function., Comment: Proceedings of the INPC 2019 conference

Published
2020
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33. Bringing heterogeneity to the CMS software framework

Author

Bocci, Andrea, Dagenhart, David, Innocente, Vincenzo, Jones, Christopher, Kortelainen, Matti, Pantaleo, Felice, and Rovere, Marco

Subjects
Physics - Computational Physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The advent of computing resources with co-processors, for example Graphics Processing Units (GPU) or Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA), for use cases like the CMS High-Level Trigger (HLT) or data processing at leadership-class supercomputers imposes challenges for the current data processing frameworks. These challenges include developing a model for algorithms to offload their computations on the co-processors as well as keeping the traditional CPU busy doing other work. The CMS data processing framework, CMSSW, implements multithreading using the Intel Threading Building Blocks (TBB) library, that utilizes tasks as concurrent units of work. In this paper we will discuss a generic mechanism to interact effectively with non-CPU resources that has been implemented in CMSSW. In addition, configuring such a heterogeneous system is challenging. In CMSSW an application is configured with a configuration file written in the Python language. The algorithm types are part of the configuration. The challenge therefore is to unify the CPU and co-processor settings while allowing their implementations to be separate. We will explain how we solved these challenges while minimizing the necessary changes to the CMSSW framework. We will also discuss on a concrete example how algorithms would offload work to NVIDIA GPUs using directly the CUDA API., Comment: Submitted to proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics (CHEP 2019)

Published
2020
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34. Properties of spherical and deformed nuclei using regularized pseudopotentials in nuclear DFT

Author

Bennaceur, K., Dobaczewski, J., Haverinen, T., and Kortelainen, M.

Subjects
Nuclear Theory
Abstract

We developed new parameterizations of local regularized finite-range pseudopotentials up to next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order (N3LO), used as generators of nuclear density functionals. When supplemented with zero-range spin-orbit and density-dependent terms, they provide a correct single-reference description of binding energies and radii of spherical and deformed nuclei. We compared the obtained results to experimental data and discussed benchmarks against the standard well-established Gogny D1S functional., Comment: 25 LaTeX pages, 15 figures, Fig. 14 modified

Published
2020
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35. Reconstruction of Charged Particle Tracks in Realistic Detector Geometry Using a Vectorized and Parallelized Kalman Filter Algorithm

Author

Cerati, Giuseppe, Elmer, Peter, Gravelle, Brian, Kortelainen, Matti, Krutelyov, Vyacheslav, Lantz, Steven, Masciovecchio, Mario, McDermott, Kevin, Norris, Boyana, Hall, Allison Reinsvold, Reid, Michael, Riley, Daniel, Tadel, Matevž, Wittich, Peter, Wang, Bei, Würthwein, Frank, and Yagil, Avraham

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

One of the most computationally challenging problems expected for the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) is finding and fitting particle tracks during event reconstruction. Algorithms used at the LHC today rely on Kalman filtering, which builds physical trajectories incrementally while incorporating material effects and error estimation. Recognizing the need for faster computational throughput, we have adapted Kalman-filter-based methods for highly parallel, many-core SIMD and SIMT architectures that are now prevalent in high-performance hardware. Previously we observed significant parallel speedups, with physics performance comparable to CMS standard tracking, on Intel Xeon, Intel Xeon Phi, and (to a limited extent) NVIDIA GPUs. While early tests were based on artificial events occurring inside an idealized barrel detector, we showed subsequently that our mkFit software builds tracks successfully from complex simulated events (including detector pileup) occurring inside a geometrically accurate representation of the CMS-2017 tracker. Here, we report on advances in both the computational and physics performance of mkFit, as well as progress toward integration with CMS production software. Recently we have improved the overall efficiency of the algorithm by preserving short track candidates at a relatively early stage rather than attempting to extend them over many layers. Moreover, mkFit formerly produced an excess of duplicate tracks; these are now explicitly removed in an additional processing step. We demonstrate that with these enhancements, mkFit becomes a suitable choice for the first iteration of CMS tracking, and eventually for later iterations as well. We plan to test this capability in the CMS High Level Trigger during Run 3 of the LHC, with an ultimate goal of using it in both the CMS HLT and offline reconstruction for the HL-LHC CMS tracker.

Published
2020
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36. Two-particle azimuthal correlations in γp interactions using pPb collisions at sNN=8.16TeV

Author

A. Tumasyan, W. Adam, T. Bergauer, M. Dragicevic, A. Escalante Del Valle, R. Frühwirth, M. Jeitler, N. Krammer, L. Lechner, D. Liko, I. Mikulec, F.M. Pitters, N. Rad, J. Schieck, R. Schöfbeck, M. Spanring, S. Templ, W. Waltenberger, C.-E. Wulz, M. Zarucki, M.R. Darwish, E.A. De Wolf, T. Janssen, T. Kello, A. Lelek, M. Pieters, H. Rejeb Sfar, P. Van Mechelen, S. Van Putte, N. Van Remortel, F. Blekman, E.S. Bols, S.S. Chhibra, J. D'Hondt, J. De Clercq, D. Lontkovskyi, S. Lowette, I. Marchesini, S. Moortgat, A. Morton, D. Müller, Q. Python, S. Tavernier, W. Van Doninck, P. Van Mulders, D. Beghin, B. Bilin, B. Clerbaux, G. De Lentdecker, B. Dorney, L. Favart, A. Grebenyuk, A.K. Kalsi, I. Makarenko, L. Moureaux, L. Pétré, A. Popov, N. Postiau, E. Starling, L. Thomas, C. Vander Velde, P. Vanlaer, D. Vannerom, L. Wezenbeek, T. Cornelis, D. Dobur, M. Gruchala, I. Khvastunov, G. Mestdach, M. Niedziela, C. Roskas, K. Skovpen, M. Tytgat, W. Verbeke, B. Vermassen, M. Vit, A. Bethani, G. Bruno, F. Bury, C. Caputo, P. David, C. Delaere, M. Delcourt, I.S. Donertas, A. Giammanco, V. Lemaitre, K. Mondal, J. Prisciandaro, A. Taliercio, M. Teklishyn, P. Vischia, S. Wertz, S. Wuyckens, G.A. Alves, C. Hensel, A. Moraes, W.L. Aldá Júnior, E. Belchior Batista Das Chagas, H. Brandao Malbouisson, W. Carvalho, J. Chinellato, E. Coelho, E.M. Da Costa, G.G. Da Silveira, D. De Jesus Damiao, S. Fonseca De Souza, J. Martins, D. Matos Figueiredo, M. Medina Jaime, C. Mora Herrera, L. Mundim, H. Nogima, P. Rebello Teles, L.J. Sanchez Rosas, A. Santoro, S.M. Silva Do Amaral, A. Sznajder, M. Thiel, F. Torres Da Silva De Araujo, A. Vilela Pereira, C.A. Bernardes, L. Calligaris, T.R. Fernandez Perez Tomei, E.M. Gregores, D.S. Lemos, P.G. Mercadante, S.F. Novaes, Sandra S. Padula, A. Aleksandrov, G. Antchev, I. Atanassov, R. Hadjiiska, P. Iaydjiev, M. Misheva, M. Rodozov, M. Shopova, G. Sultanov, A. Dimitrov, T. Ivanov, L. Litov, B. Pavlov, P. Petkov, A. Petrov, T. Cheng, W. Fang, Q. Guo, M. Mittal, H. Wang, L. Yuan, M. Ahmad, G. Bauer, Z. Hu, Y. Wang, K. Yi, E. Chapon, G.M. Chen, H.S. Chen, M. Chen, T. Javaid, A. Kapoor, D. Leggat, H. Liao, Z.-A. Liu, R. Sharma, A. Spiezia, J. Tao, J. Thomas-Wilsker, J. Wang, H. Zhang, S. Zhang, J. Zhao, A. Agapitos, Y. Ban, C. Chen, Q. Huang, A. Levin, Q. Li, M. Lu, X. Lyu, Y. Mao, S.J. Qian, D. Wang, Q. Wang, J. Xiao, Z. You, X. Gao, M. Xiao, C. Avila, A. Cabrera, C. Florez, J. Fraga, A. Sarkar, M.A. Segura Delgado, J. Jaramillo, J. Mejia Guisao, F. Ramirez, J.D. Ruiz Alvarez, C.A. Salazar González, N. Vanegas Arbelaez, D. Giljanovic, N. Godinovic, D. Lelas, I. Puljak, Z. Antunovic, M. Kovac, T. Sculac, V. Brigljevic, D. Ferencek, D. Majumder, M. Roguljic, A. Starodumov, T. Susa, M.W. Ather, A. Attikis, E. Erodotou, A. Ioannou, G. Kole, M. Kolosova, S. Konstantinou, J. Mousa, C. Nicolaou, F. Ptochos, P.A. Razis, H. Rykaczewski, H. Saka, D. Tsiakkouri, M. Finger, M. Finger, Jr., A. Kveton, J. Tomsa, E. Ayala, E. Carrera Jarrin, S. Abu Zeid, Y. Assran, E. Salama, A. Lotfy, M.A. Mahmoud, S. Bhowmik, A. Carvalho Antunes De Oliveira, R.K. Dewanjee, K. Ehataht, M. Kadastik, J. Pata, M. Raidal, C. Veelken, P. Eerola, L. Forthomme, H. Kirschenmann, K. Osterberg, M. Voutilainen, E. Brücken, F. Garcia, J. Havukainen, V. Karimäki, M.S. Kim, R. Kinnunen, T. Lampén, K. Lassila-Perini, S. Lehti, T. Lindén, H. Siikonen, E. Tuominen, J. Tuominiemi, P. Luukka, T. Tuuva, C. Amendola, M. Besancon, F. Couderc, M. Dejardin, D. Denegri, J.L. Faure, F. Ferri, S. Ganjour, A. Givernaud, P. Gras, G. Hamel de Monchenault, P. Jarry, B. Lenzi, E. Locci, J. Malcles, J. Rander, A. Rosowsky, M.Ö. Sahin, A. Savoy-Navarro, M. Titov, G.B. Yu, S. Ahuja, F. Beaudette, M. Bonanomi, A. Buchot Perraguin, P. Busson, C. Charlot, O. Davignon, B. Diab, G. Falmagne, R. Granier de Cassagnac, A. Hakimi, I. Kucher, A. Lobanov, C. Martin Perez, M. Nguyen, C. Ochando, P. Paganini, J. Rembser, R. Salerno, J.B. Sauvan, Y. Sirois, A. Zabi, A. Zghiche, J.-L. Agram, J. Andrea, D. Bloch, G. Bourgatte, J.-M. Brom, E.C. Chabert, C. Collard, J.-C. Fontaine, D. Gelé, U. Goerlach, C. Grimault, A.-C. Le Bihan, P. Van Hove, E. Asilar, S. Beauceron, C. Bernet, G. Boudoul, C. Camen, A. Carle, N. Chanon, D. Contardo, P. Depasse, H. El Mamouni, J. Fay, S. Gascon, M. Gouzevitch, B. Ille, Sa. Jain, I.B. Laktineh, H. Lattaud, A. Lesauvage, M. Lethuillier, L. Mirabito, K. Shchablo, L. Torterotot, G. Touquet, M. Vander Donckt, S. Viret, G. Adamov, Z. Tsamalaidze, L. Feld, K. Klein, M. Lipinski, D. Meuser, A. Pauls, M.P. Rauch, J. Schulz, M. Teroerde, D. Eliseev, M. Erdmann, P. Fackeldey, B. Fischer, S. Ghosh, T. Hebbeker, K. Hoepfner, H. Keller, L. Mastrolorenzo, M. Merschmeyer, A. Meyer, G. Mocellin, S. Mondal, S. Mukherjee, D. Noll, A. Novak, T. Pook, A. Pozdnyakov, Y. Rath, H. Reithler, J. Roemer, A. Schmidt, S.C. Schuler, A. Sharma, S. Wiedenbeck, S. Zaleski, C. Dziwok, G. Flügge, W. Haj Ahmad, O. Hlushchenko, T. Kress, A. Nowack, C. Pistone, O. Pooth, D. Roy, H. Sert, A. Stahl, T. Ziemons, H. Aarup Petersen, M. Aldaya Martin, P. Asmuss, I. Babounikau, S. Baxter, O. Behnke, A. Bermúdez Martínez, A.A. Bin Anuar, K. Borras, V. Botta, D. Brunner, A. Campbell, A. Cardini, P. Connor, S. Consuegra Rodríguez, V. Danilov, A. De Wit, M.M. Defranchis, L. Didukh, D. Domínguez Damiani, G. Eckerlin, D. Eckstein, L.I. Estevez Banos, E. Gallo, A. Geiser, A. Giraldi, A. Grohsjean, M. Guthoff, A. Harb, A. Jafari, N.Z. Jomhari, A. Kasem, M. Kasemann, H. Kaveh, C. Kleinwort, J. Knolle, D. Krücker, W. Lange, T. Lenz, J. Lidrych, K. Lipka, W. Lohmann, T. Madlener, R. Mankel, I.-A. Melzer-Pellmann, J. Metwally, A.B. Meyer, M. Meyer, J. Mnich, A. Mussgiller, V. Myronenko, Y. Otarid, D. Pérez Adán, S.K. Pflitsch, D. Pitzl, A. Raspereza, A. Saggio, A. Saibel, M. Savitskyi, V. Scheurer, C. Schwanenberger, A. Singh, R.E. Sosa Ricardo, N. Tonon, O. Turkot, A. Vagnerini, M. Van De Klundert, R. Walsh, D. Walter, Y. Wen, K. Wichmann, C. Wissing, S. Wuchterl, O. 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Ngadiuba, T.Q. Nguyen, M. Spiropulu, J.R. Vlimant, C. Wang, S. Xie, Z. Zhang, R.Y. Zhu, J. Alison, M.B. Andrews, T. Ferguson, T. Mudholkar, M. Paulini, I. Vorobiev, J.P. Cumalat, W.T. Ford, E. MacDonald, R. Patel, A. Perloff, K. Stenson, K.A. Ulmer, S.R. Wagner, J. Alexander, Y. Cheng, J. Chu, D.J. Cranshaw, A. Datta, A. Frankenthal, K. Mcdermott, J. Monroy, J.R. Patterson, D. Quach, A. Ryd, W. Sun, S.M. Tan, Z. Tao, J. Thom, P. Wittich, M. Zientek, M. Albrow, M. Alyari, G. Apollinari, A. Apresyan, A. Apyan, L.A.T. Bauerdick, A. Beretvas, D. Berry, J. Berryhill, P.C. Bhat, K. Burkett, J.N. Butler, A. Canepa, G.B. Cerati, H.W.K. Cheung, F. Chlebana, M. Cremonesi, V.D. Elvira, J. Freeman, Z. Gecse, L. Gray, D. Green, S. Grünendahl, O. Gutsche, R.M. Harris, S. Hasegawa, R. Heller, T.C. Herwig, J. Hirschauer, B. Jayatilaka, S. Jindariani, M. Johnson, U. Joshi, P. Klabbers, T. Klijnsma, B. Klima, M.J. Kortelainen, S. Lammel, D. Lincoln, R. Lipton, T. Liu, J. Lykken, K. Maeshima, D. Mason, P. McBride, P. Merkel, S. Mrenna, S. Nahn, V. O'Dell, V. Papadimitriou, K. Pedro, C. Pena, O. Prokofyev, F. Ravera, A. Reinsvold Hall, L. Ristori, B. Schneider, E. Sexton-Kennedy, N. Smith, A. Soha, W.J. Spalding, L. Spiegel, J. Strait, L. Taylor, S. Tkaczyk, N.V. Tran, L. Uplegger, E.W. Vaandering, H.A. Weber, A. Woodard, D. Acosta, P. Avery, D. Bourilkov, L. Cadamuro, V. Cherepanov, F. Errico, R.D. Field, D. Guerrero, B.M. Joshi, M. Kim, J. Konigsberg, A. Korytov, K.H. Lo, K. Matchev, N. Menendez, G. Mitselmakher, D. Rosenzweig, K. Shi, J. Sturdy, X. Zuo, T. Adams, A. Askew, D. Diaz, R. Habibullah, S. Hagopian, V. Hagopian, K.F. Johnson, R. Khurana, T. Kolberg, G. Martinez, H. Prosper, C. Schiber, R. Yohay, J. Zhang, M.M. Baarmand, S. Butalla, T. Elkafrawy, M. Hohlmann, R. Kumar Verma, D. Noonan, M. Rahmani, M. Saunders, F. Yumiceva, M.R. Adams, L. Apanasevich, H. Becerril Gonzalez, R. Cavanaugh, X. Chen, S. Dittmer, O. Evdokimov, C.E. Gerber, D.A. Hangal, D.J. Hofman, C. Mills, G. Oh, T. Roy, M.B. Tonjes, N. Varelas, J. Viinikainen, X. Wang, Z. Wu, Z. Ye, M. Alhusseini, K. Dilsiz, S. Durgut, R.P. Gandrajula, M. Haytmyradov, V. Khristenko, O.K. Köseyan, J.-P. Merlo, A. Mestvirishvili, A. Moeller, J. Nachtman, H. Ogul, Y. Onel, F. Ozok, A. Penzo, C. Snyder, E. Tiras, J. Wetzel, O. Amram, B. Blumenfeld, L. Corcodilos, M. Eminizer, A.V. Gritsan, S. Kyriacou, P. Maksimovic, C. Mantilla, J. Roskes, M. Swartz, T.Á. Vámi, C. Baldenegro Barrera, P. Baringer, A. Bean, A. Bylinkin, T. Isidori, S. Khalil, J. King, G. Krintiras, A. Kropivnitskaya, C. Lindsey, N. Minafra, M. Murray, C. Rogan, C. Royon, S. Sanders, E. Schmitz, J.D. Tapia Takaki, J. Williams, G. Wilson, S. Duric, A. Ivanov, K. Kaadze, D. Kim, Y. Maravin, T. Mitchell, A. Modak, A. Mohammadi, F. Rebassoo, D. Wright, E. Adams, A. Baden, O. Baron, A. Belloni, S.C. Eno, Y. Feng, N.J. Hadley, S. Jabeen, G.Y. Jeng, R.G. Kellogg, T. Koeth, A.C. Mignerey, S. Nabili, M. Seidel, A. Skuja, S.C. Tonwar, L. Wang, K. Wong, D. Abercrombie, B. Allen, R. Bi, S. Brandt, W. Busza, I.A. Cali, M. D'Alfonso, G. Gomez-Ceballos, M. Goncharov, P. Harris, D. Hsu, M. Hu, M. Klute, D. Kovalskyi, J. Krupa, Y.-J. Lee, P.D. Luckey, B. Maier, A.C. Marini, C. Mironov, S. Narayanan, X. Niu, C. Paus, D. Rankin, C. Roland, G. Roland, Z. Shi, G.S.F. Stephans, K. Tatar, D. Velicanu, T.W. Wang, Z. Wang, B. Wyslouch, R.M. Chatterjee, A. Evans, P. Hansen, J. Hiltbrand, Sh. Jain, M. Krohn, Y. Kubota, Z. Lesko, J. Mans, M. Revering, R. Rusack, R. Saradhy, N. Schroeder, N. Strobbe, M.A. Wadud, J.G. Acosta, S. Oliveros, K. Bloom, M. Bryson, D.R. Claes, C. Fangmeier, L. Finco, F. Golf, J.R. González Fernández, C. Joo, I. Kravchenko, J.E. Siado, G.R. Snow, W. Tabb, F. Yan, G. Agarwal, H. Bandyopadhyay, L. Hay, I. Iashvili, A. Kharchilava, C. McLean, D. Nguyen, J. Pekkanen, S. Rappoccio, G. Alverson, E. Barberis, C. Freer, Y. Haddad, A. Hortiangtham, J. Li, G. Madigan, B. Marzocchi, D.M. Morse, V. Nguyen, T. Orimoto, A. Parker, L. Skinnari, A. Tishelman-Charny, T. Wamorkar, B. Wang, A. Wisecarver, D. Wood, J. Bueghly, Z. Chen, A. Gilbert, T. Gunter, K.A. Hahn, N. Odell, M.H. Schmitt, K. Sung, M. Velasco, R. Bucci, N. Dev, R. Goldouzian, M. Hildreth, K. Hurtado Anampa, C. Jessop, K. Lannon, N. Loukas, N. Marinelli, I. Mcalister, F. Meng, K. Mohrman, Y. Musienko, R. Ruchti, P. Siddireddy, M. Wayne, A. Wightman, M. Wolf, L. Zygala, J. Alimena, B. Bylsma, B. Cardwell, L.S. Durkin, B. Francis, C. Hill, A. Lefeld, B.L. Winer, B.R. Yates, F.M. Addesa, B. Bonham, P. Das, G. Dezoort, P. Elmer, B. Greenberg, N. Haubrich, S. Higginbotham, A. Kalogeropoulos, G. Kopp, S. Kwan, D. Lange, M.T. Lucchini, D. Marlow, K. Mei, I. Ojalvo, J. Olsen, C. Palmer, P. Piroué, D. Stickland, C. Tully, S. Norberg, A.S. Bakshi, V.E. Barnes, R. Chawla, S. Das, L. Gutay, M. Jones, A.W. Jung, S. Karmarkar, M. Liu, G. Negro, N. Neumeister, C.C. Peng, S. Piperov, A. Purohit, J.F. Schulte, M. Stojanovic, N. Trevisani, F. Wang, A. Wildridge, R. Xiao, W. Xie, J. Dolen, N. Parashar, A. Baty, S. Dildick, K.M. Ecklund, S. Freed, F.J.M. Geurts, W. Li, B.P. Padley, R. Redjimi, J. Roberts, J. Rorie, W. Shi, A.G. Stahl Leiton, A. Bodek, P. de Barbaro, R. Demina, J.L. Dulemba, C. Fallon, T. Ferbel, M. Galanti, A. Garcia-Bellido, O. Hindrichs, A. Khukhunaishvili, E. Ranken, R. Taus, B. Chiarito, J.P. Chou, A. Gandrakota, Y. Gershtein, E. Halkiadakis, A. Hart, M. Heindl, E. Hughes, S. Kaplan, O. Karacheban, I. Laflotte, A. Lath, R. Montalvo, K. Nash, M. Osherson, S. Salur, S. Schnetzer, S. Somalwar, R. Stone, S.A. Thayil, S. Thomas, H. Acharya, A.G. Delannoy, S. Spanier, O. Bouhali, M. Dalchenko, A. Delgado, R. Eusebi, J. Gilmore, T. Huang, T. Kamon, S. Luo, S. Malhotra, R. Mueller, D. Overton, L. Perniè, D. Rathjens, A. Safonov, N. Akchurin, J. Damgov, V. Hegde, S. Kunori, K. Lamichhane, T. Mengke, S. Muthumuni, T. Peltola, S. Undleeb, I. Volobouev, A. Whitbeck, E. Appelt, S. Greene, A. Gurrola, R. Janjam, W. Johns, C. Maguire, A. Melo, H. Ni, K. Padeken, F. Romeo, P. Sheldon, S. Tuo, J. Velkovska, M.W. Arenton, B. Cox, G. Cummings, J. Hakala, R. Hirosky, M. Joyce, A. Ledovskoy, A. Li, C. Neu, B. Tannenwald, E. Wolfe, P.E. Karchin, N. Poudyal, P. Thapa, K. Black, T. Bose, J. Buchanan, C. Caillol, S. Dasu, I. De Bruyn, P. Everaerts, C. Galloni, H. He, M. Herndon, A. Hervé, U. Hussain, A. Lanaro, A. Loeliger, R. Loveless, J. Madhusudanan Sreekala, A. Mallampalli, D. Pinna, A. Savin, V. Shang, W.H. Smith, D. Teague, S. Trembath-Reichert, W. Vetens, S. Afanasiev, V. Andreev, Yu. Andreev, T. Aushev, M. Azarkin, A. Babaev, V. Blinov, E. Boos, V. Borchsh, P. Bunin, O. Bychkova, M. Chadeeva, V. Chekhovsky, A. Dermenev, T. Dimova, I. Dremin, V. Epshteyn, A. Ershov, M. Gavrilenko, G. Gavrilov, V. Gavrilov, S. Gninenko, V. Golovtcov, N. Golubev, I. Golutvin, I. Gorbunov, A. Iuzhakov, V. Ivanchenko, Y. Ivanov, V. Kachanov, A. Kalinin, A. Kamenev, L. Kardapoltsev, V. Karjavine, A. Karneyeu, L. Khein, V. Kim, M. Kirakosyan, M. Kirsanov, O. Kodolova, D. Konstantinov, V. Korotkikh, N. Krasnikov, E. Kuznetsova, A. Lanev, A. Litomin, O. Lukina, N. Lychkovskaya, V. Makarenko, A. Malakhov, V. Matveev, V. Murzin, A. Nikitenko, S. Obraztsov, V. Okhotnikov, V. Oreshkin, I. Ovtin, V. Palichik, A. Pashenkov, V. Perelygin, S. Petrushanko, D. Philippov, G. Pivovarov, V. Popov, E. Popova, V. Rusinov, G. Safronov, M. Savina, V. Savrin, D. Seitova, V. Shalaev, S. Shmatov, S. Shulha, Y. Skovpen, I. Smirnov, V. Smirnov, A. Snigirev, D. Sosnov, A. Spiridonov, A. Stepennov, J. Suarez Gonzalez, L. Sukhikh, V. Sulimov, E. Tcherniaev, A. Terkulov, O. Teryaev, D. Tlisov, M. Toms, A. Toropin, L. Uvarov, A. Uzunian, I. Vardanyan, E. Vlasov, S. Volkov, A. Vorobyev, N. Voytishin, A. Zarubin, I. Zhizhin, and A. Zhokin

Subjects
CMS, Photon-proton, Collectivity, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

The first measurements of the Fourier coefficients (VnΔ) of the azimuthal distributions of charged hadrons emitted from photon-proton (γp) interactions are presented. The data are extracted from 68.8 nb−1 of ultra-peripheral proton-lead (pPb) collisions at sNN=8.16TeV using the CMS detector. The high energy lead ions produce a flux of photons that can interact with the oncoming proton. This γp system provides a set of unique initial conditions with multiplicity lower than in photon-lead collisions but comparable to recent electron-positron and electron-proton data. The VnΔ coefficients are presented in ranges of event multiplicity and transverse momentum (pT) and are compared to corresponding hadronic minimum bias pPb results. For a given multiplicity range, the mean pT of charged particles is smaller in γp than in pPb collisions. For both the γp and pPb samples, V1Δ is negative, V2Δ is positive, and V3Δ consistent with 0. For each multiplicity and pT range, V2Δ is larger for γp events. The γp data are consistent with model predictions that have no collective effects.

Published
2023
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37. Regularized pseudopotential for mean-field calculations

Author

Bennaceur, K., Dobaczewski, J., Haverinen, T., and Kortelainen, M.

Subjects
Nuclear Theory
Abstract

We present preliminary results obtained with a finite-range two-body pseudopotential complemented with zero-range spin-orbit and density-dependent terms. After discussing the penalty function used to adjust parameters, we discuss predictions for binding energies of spherical nuclei calculated at the mean-field level, and we compare them with those obtained using the standard Gogny D1S finite-range effective interaction., Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures, contribution to the conference proceedings for INPC 2019 (Glasgow)

Published
2019
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38. Small amplitude collective modes of a finite-size unitary Fermi gas in deformed traps

Author

Fei, Na, Pei, Junchen, Wang, Kai, and Kortelainen, M.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases
Abstract

We have investigated collective breathing modes of a unitary Fermi gas in deformed harmonic traps. The ground state is studied by the Superfluid Local Density Approximation (SLDA) and small-amplitude collective modes are studied by the iterative Quasiparticle Random Phase Approximation (QRPA). The results illustrate the evolutions of collective modes of a small system in traps from spherical to elongated or pancake deformations. For small spherical systems, the influences of different SLDA parameters are significant, and, in particular, a large pairing strength can shift up the oscillation frequency of collective mode. The transition currents from QRPA show that the compressional flow patterns are nontrivial and dependent on the deformation. Finally, the finite size effects are demonstrated to be reasonable when progressing towards larger systems. Our studies indicate that experiments on small and medium systems are valuable for understanding effective interactions in systems with varying sizes and trap deformations., Comment: 10 pages, 10 figures

Published
2019
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39. Speeding up Particle Track Reconstruction in the CMS Detector using a Vectorized and Parallelized Kalman Filter Algorithm

Author

Cerati, Giuseppe, Elmer, Peter, Gravelle, Brian, Kortelainen, Matti, Krutelyov, Vyacheslav, Lantz, Steven, Masciovecchio, Mario, McDermott, Kevin, Norris, Boyana, Reid, Michael, Hall, Allison Reinsvold, Riley, Daniel, Tadel, Matevž, Wittich, Peter, Würthwein, Frank, and Yagil, Avi

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Computational Physics
Abstract

Building particle tracks is the most computationally intense step of event reconstruction at the LHC. With the increased instantaneous luminosity and associated increase in pileup expected from the High-Luminosity LHC, the computational challenge of track finding and fitting requires novel solutions. The current track reconstruction algorithms used at the LHC are based on Kalman filter methods that achieve good physics performance. By adapting the Kalman filter techniques for use on many-core SIMD architectures such as the Intel Xeon and Intel Xeon Phi and (to a limited degree) NVIDIA GPUs, we are able to obtain significant speedups and comparable physics performance. New optimizations, including a dedicated post-processing step to remove duplicate tracks, have improved the algorithm's performance even further. Here we report on the current structure and performance of the code and future plans for the algorithm., Comment: Submitted to proceedings of the 2019 Connecting the Dots and Workshop on Intelligent Trackers (CTD/WIT 2019); 6 pages, 4 figures

Published
2019

40. Parallelized Kalman-Filter-Based Reconstruction of Particle Tracks on Many-Core Architectures with the CMS Detector

Author

Cerati, Giuseppe, Elmer, Peter, Gravelle, Brian, Kortelainen, Matti, Krutelyov, Vyacheslav, Lantz, Steven, Masciovecchio, Mario, McDermott, Kevin, Norris, Boyana, Hall, Allison Reinsvold, Riley, Daniel, Tadel, Matevž, Wittich, Peter, Würthwein, Frank, and Yagil, Avi

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Computational Physics
Abstract

In the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC), one of the most challenging computational problems is expected to be finding and fitting charged-particle tracks during event reconstruction. The methods currently in use at the LHC are based on the Kalman filter. Such methods have shown to be robust and to provide good physics performance, both in the trigger and offline. In order to improve computational performance, we explored Kalman-filter-based methods for track finding and fitting, adapted for many-core SIMD and SIMT architectures. Our adapted Kalman-filter-based software has obtained significant parallel speedups using such processors, e.g., Intel Xeon Phi, Intel Xeon SP (Scalable Processors) and (to a limited degree) NVIDIA GPUs. Recently, an effort has started towards the integration of our software into the CMS software framework, in view of its exploitation for the Run III of the LHC. Prior reports have shown that our software allows in fact for some significant improvements over the existing framework in terms of computational performance with comparable physics performance, even when applied to realistic detector configurations and event complexity. Here, we demonstrate that in such conditions physics performance can be further improved with respect to our prior reports, while retaining the improvements in computational performance, by making use of the knowledge of the detector and its geometry., Comment: Submitted to proceedings of 19th International Workshop on Advanced Computing and Analysis Techniques in Physics Research (ACAT 2019); 6 pages, 5 figures

Published
2019
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41. Search for CP violating top quark couplings in pp collisions at s = 13 TeV

Author

Tumasyan, A., Adam, W., Bergauer, T., Dragicevic, M., Escalante Del Valle, A., Frühwirth, R., Jeitler, M., Krammer, N., Lechner, L., Liko, D., Mikulec, I., Pitters, F. M., Schieck, J., Schöfbeck, R., Spanring, M., Templ, S., Waltenberger, W., Wulz, C.-E., Zarucki, M., Darwish, M. R., De Wolf, E. A., Janssen, T., Kello, T., Lelek, A., Pieters, M., Rejeb Sfar, H., Van Mechelen, P., Van Putte, S., Van Remortel, N., Blekman, F., Bols, E. S., D’Hondt, J., De Clercq, J., Lontkovskyi, D., Lowette, S., Marchesini, I., Moortgat, S., Morton, A., Müller, D., Sahasransu, A. R., Tavernier, S., Van Doninck, W., Van Mulders, P., Beghin, D., Bilin, B., Clerbaux, B., De Lentdecker, G., Dorney, B., Favart, L., Grebenyuk, A., Kalsi, A. K., Lee, K., Makarenko, I., Moureaux, L., Pétré, L., Popov, A., Postiau, N., Starling, E., Thomas, L., Vander Velde, C., Vanlaer, P., Vannerom, D., Wezenbeek, L., Cornelis, T., Dobur, D., Gruchala, M., Khvastunov, I., Mestdach, G., Niedziela, M., Roskas, C., Skovpen, K., Tytgat, M., Verbeke, W., Vermassen, B., Vit, M., Bethani, A., Bruno, G., Bury, F., Caputo, C., David, P., Delaere, C., Delcourt, M., Donertas, I. S., Giammanco, A., Lemaitre, V., Mondal, K., Prisciandaro, J., Taliercio, A., Teklishyn, M., Vischia, P., Wertz, S., Wuyckens, S., Alves, G. A., Hensel, C., Moraes, A., Aldá Júnior, W. L., Belchior Batista Das Chagas, E., BRANDAO MALBOUISSON, H., Carvalho, W., Chinellato, J., Coelho, E., Da Costa, E. M., Da Silveira, G. G., De Jesus Damiao, D., Fonseca De Souza, S., Martins, J., Matos Figueiredo, D., Mora Herrera, C., Mundim, L., Nogima, H., Rebello Teles, P., Sanchez Rosas, L. J., Santoro, A., Silva Do Amaral, S. M., Sznajder, A., Thiel, M., Torres Da Silva De Araujo, F., Vilela Pereira, A., Bernardes, C. A., Calligaris, L., Fernandez Perez Tomei, T. R., Gregores, E. M., Lemos, D. S., Mercadante, P. G., Novaes, S. F., Padula, Sandra S., Aleksandrov, A., Antchev, G., Atanassov, I., Hadjiiska, R., Iaydjiev, P., Misheva, M., Rodozov, M., Shopova, M., Sultanov, G., Dimitrov, A., Ivanov, T., Litov, L., Pavlov, B., Petkov, P., Petrov, A., Cheng, T., Fang, W., Guo, Q., Mittal, M., Wang, H., Yuan, L., Ahmad, M., Bauer, G., Hu, Z., Wang, Y., Yi, K., Chapon, E., Chen, G. M., Chen, H. S., Chen, M., Javaid, T., Kapoor, A., Leggat, D., Liao, H., Liu, Z.-A., Sharma, R., Spiezia, A., Tao, J., Thomas-Wilsker, J., Wang, J., Zhang, H., Zhang, S., Zhao, J., Agapitos, A., Ban, Y., Chen, C., Huang, Q., Levin, A., Li, Q., Lu, M., Lyu, X., Mao, Y., Qian, S. J., Wang, D., Wang, Q., Xiao, J., You, Z., Gao, X., Okawa, H., Xiao, M., Avila, C., Cabrera, A., Florez, C., Fraga, J., Sarkar, A., Segura Delgado, M. A., Jaramillo, J., Mejia Guisao, J., Ramirez, F., Ruiz Alvarez, J. D., Salazar González, C. A., Vanegas Arbelaez, N., Giljanovic, D., Godinovic, N., Lelas, D., Puljak, I., Antunovic, Z., Kovac, M., Sculac, T., Brigljevic, V., Ferencek, D., Majumder, D., Roguljic, M., Starodumov, A., Susa, T., Ather, M. W., Attikis, A., Erodotou, E., Ioannou, A., Kole, G., Kolosova, M., Konstantinou, S., Mousa, J., Nicolaou, C., Ptochos, F., Razis, P. A., Rykaczewski, H., Saka, H., Tsiakkouri, D., Finger, M., Finger, Jr., M., Kveton, A., Tomsa, J., Ayala, E., Carrera Jarrin, E., Abdelalim, A. A., Abu Zeid, S., Elgammal, S., Lotfy, A., Mahmoud, M. A., Bhowmik, S., Carvalho Antunes De Oliveira, A., Dewanjee, R. K., Ehataht, K., Kadastik, M., Pata, J., Raidal, M., Veelken, C., Eerola, P., Forthomme, L., Kirschenmann, H., Osterberg, K., Voutilainen, M., Brücken, E., Garcia, F., Havukainen, J., Karimäki, V., Kim, M. 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2023
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42. Erratum: Measurement of prompt and nonprompt charmonium suppression in PbPb collisions at 5.02 TeV

Author

A. M. Sirunyan, A. Tumasyan, W. Adam, F. Ambrogi, E. Asilar, T. Bergauer, J. Brandstetter, E. Brondolin, M. Dragicevic, J. Erö, A. Escalante Del Valle, M. Flechl, M. Friedl, R. Frühwirth, V. M. Ghete, J. Grossmann, J. Hrubec, M. Jeitler, A. König, N. Krammer, I. Krätschmer, D. Liko, T. Madlener, I. Mikulec, E. Pree, N. Rad, H. Rohringer, J. Schieck, R. Schöfbeck, M. Spanring, D. Spitzbart, W. Waltenberger, J. Wittmann, C.-E. Wulz, M. Zarucki, V. Chekhovsky, V. Mossolov, J. Suarez Gonzalez, E. A. De Wolf, D. Di Croce, X. Janssen, J. Lauwers, M. Van De Klundert, H. Van Haevermaet, P. Van Mechelen, N. Van Remortel, S. Abu Zeid, F. Blekman, J. D’Hondt, I. De Bruyn, J. De Clercq, K. Deroover, G. Flouris, D. Lontkovskyi, S. Lowette, I. Marchesini, S. Moortgat, L. Moreels, Q. Python, K. Skovpen, S. Tavernier, W. Van Doninck, P. Van Mulders, I. Van Parijs, D. Beghin, B. Bilin, H. Brun, B. Clerbaux, G. De Lentdecker, H. Delannoy, B. Dorney, G. Fasanella, L. Favart, R. Goldouzian, A. Grebenyuk, A. K. Kalsi, T. Lenzi, J. Luetic, T. Maerschalk, A. Marinov, T. Seva, E. Starling, C. Vander Velde, P. Vanlaer, D. Vannerom, R. Yonamine, F. Zenoni, T. Cornelis, D. Dobur, A. Fagot, M. Gul, I. Khvastunov, D. Poyraz, C. Roskas, S. Salva, M. Tytgat, W. Verbeke, N. Zaganidis, H. Bakhshiansohi, O. Bondu, S. Brochet, G. Bruno, C. Caputo, A. Caudron, P. David, S. De Visscher, C. Delaere, M. Delcourt, B. Francois, A. Giammanco, M. Komm, G. Krintiras, V. Lemaitre, A. Magitteri, A. Mertens, M. Musich, K. Piotrzkowski, L. Quertenmont, A. Saggio, M. Vidal Marono, S. Wertz, J. Zobec, W. L. Aldá Júnior, F. L. Alves, G. A. Alves, L. Brito, M. Correa Martins Junior, C. Hensel, A. Moraes, M. E. Pol, P. Rebello Teles, E. Belchior Batista Das Chagas, W. Carvalho, J. Chinellato, E. Coelho, E. M. Da Costa, G. G. Da Silveira, D. De Jesus Damiao, S. Fonseca De Souza, L. M. Huertas Guativa, H. Malbouisson, M. Melo De Almeida, C. Mora Herrera, L. Mundim, H. Nogima, L. J. Sanchez Rosas, A. 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Kyriacou, A. Lath, R. Montalvo, K. Nash, M. Osherson, H. Saka, S. Salur, S. Schnetzer, D. Sheffield, S. Somalwar, R. Stone, S. Thomas, P. Thomassen, M. Walker, A. G. Delannoy, J. Heideman, G. Riley, K. Rose, S. Spanier, K. Thapa, O. Bouhali, A. Castaneda Hernandez, A. Celik, M. Dalchenko, M. De Mattia, A. Delgado, S. Dildick, R. Eusebi, J. Gilmore, T. Huang, T. Kamon, R. Mueller, Y. Pakhotin, R. Patel, A. Perloff, L. Perniè, D. Rathjens, A. Safonov, A. Tatarinov, K. A. Ulmer, N. Akchurin, J. Damgov, F. De Guio, P. R. Dudero, J. Faulkner, E. Gurpinar, S. Kunori, K. Lamichhane, T. Libeiro, T. Mengke, S. Muthumuni, T. Peltola, S. Undleeb, I. Volobouev, S. Greene, A. Gurrola, R. Janjam, W. Johns, C. Maguire, A. Melo, H. Ni, K. Padeken, P. Sheldon, S. Tuo, J. Velkovska, Q. Xu, M. W. Arenton, P. Barria, B. Cox, R. Hirosky, M. Joyce, A. Ledovskoy, H. Li, C. Neu, T. Sinthuprasith, E. Wolfe, F. Xia, R. Harr, P. E. Karchin, N. Poudyal, J. Sturdy, P. Thapa, S. Zaleski, M. Brodski, J. Buchanan, C. Caillol, S. Dasu, L. Dodd, S. Duric, B. Gomber, M. Grothe, M. Herndon, A. Hervé, U. Hussain, P. Klabbers, A. Lanaro, A. Levine, K. Long, R. Loveless, T. Ruggles, A. Savin, N. Smith, W. H. Smith, D. Taylor, N. Woods, and CMS Collaboration

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Published
2023
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43. Measurements of the associated production of a W boson and a charm quark in proton–proton collisions at $$\sqrt{s}=8\,\text {TeV} $$ s = 8 TeV

Author

A. Tumasyan, W. Adam, T. Bergauer, M. Dragicevic, J. Erö, A. Escalante Del Valle, R. Frühwirth, M. Jeitler, N. Krammer, L. Lechner, D. Liko, T. Madlener, I. Mikulec, F. M. Pitters, N. Rad, J. Schieck, R. Schöfbeck, M. Spanring, S. Templ, W. Waltenberger, C.-E. Wulz, M. Zarucki, V. Chekhovsky, A. Litomin, V. Makarenko, J. Suarez Gonzalez, M. R. Darwish, E. A. De Wolf, D. Di Croce, T. Janssen, T. Kello, A. Lelek, M. Pieters, H. Rejeb Sfar, H. Van Haevermaet, P. Van Mechelen, S. Van Putte, N. Van Remortel, F. Blekman, E. S. Bols, S. S. Chhibra, J. D’Hondt, J. De Clercq, D. Lontkovskyi, S. Lowette, I. Marchesini, S. Moortgat, A. Morton, Q. Python, S. Tavernier, W. Van Doninck, P. Van Mulders, D. Beghin, B. Bilin, B. Clerbaux, G. De Lentdecker, B. Dorney, L. Favart, A. Grebenyuk, A. K. Kalsi, I. Makarenko, L. Moureaux, L. Pétré, A. Popov, N. Postiau, E. Starling, L. Thomas, C. Vander Velde, P. Vanlaer, D. Vannerom, L. Wezenbeek, T. Cornelis, D. Dobur, M. Gruchala, I. Khvastunov, M. Niedziela, C. Roskas, K. Skovpen, M. Tytgat, W. Verbeke, B. Vermassen, M. Vit, G. Bruno, F. Bury, C. Caputo, P. David, C. Delaere, M. Delcourt, I. S. Donertas, A. Giammanco, V. Lemaitre, K. Mondal, J. Prisciandaro, A. Taliercio, M. Teklishyn, P. Vischia, S. Wuyckens, J. Zobec, G. A. Alves, C. Hensel, A. Moraes, W. L. Aldá Júnior, E. Belchior Batista Das Chagas, H. BRANDAO MALBOUISSON, W. Carvalho, J. Chinellato, E. Coelho, E. M. Da Costa, G. G. Da Silveira, D. De JesusDamiao, S. Fonseca De Souza, J. Martins, D. Matos Figueiredo, M. Medina Jaime, C. Mora Herrera, L. Mundim, H. Nogima, P. Rebello Teles, L. J. Sanchez Rosas, A. Santoro, S. M. Silva Do Amaral, A. Sznajder, M. Thiel, F. Torres Da Silva DeAraujo, A. Vilela Pereira, C. A. Bernardes, L. Calligaris, T. R. Fernandez Perez Tomei, E. M. Gregores, D. S. Lemos, P. G. Mercadante, S. F. Novaes, Sandra S. Padula, A. Aleksandrov, G. Antchev, I. Atanassov, R. Hadjiiska, P. Iaydjiev, M. Misheva, M. Rodozov, M. Shopova, G. Sultanov, M. Bonchev, A. Dimitrov, T. Ivanov, L. Litov, B. Pavlov, P. Petkov, A. Petrov, W. Fang, Q. Guo, H. Wang, L. Yuan, M. Ahmad, Z. Hu, Y. Wang, E. Chapon, G. M. Chen, H. S. Chen, M. Chen, T. Javaid, A. Kapoor, D. Leggat, H. Liao, Z.-A. Liu, R. Sharma, A. Spiezia, J. Tao, J. Thomas-Wilsker, J. Wang, H. Zhang, S. Zhang, J. Zhao, A. Agapitos, Y. Ban, C. Chen, Q. Huang, A. Levin, Q. Li, M. Lu, X. Lyu, Y. Mao, S. J. Qian, D. Wang, Q. Wang, J. Xiao, Z. You, X. Gao, M. Xiao, C. Avila, A. Cabrera, C. Florez, J. Fraga, A. Sarkar, M. A. Segura Delgado, J. Jaramillo, J. Mejia Guisao, F. Ramirez, J. D. Ruiz Alvarez, C. A. Salazar González, N. Vanegas Arbelaez, D. Giljanovic, N. Godinovic, D. Lelas, I. Puljak, T. Sculac, Z. Antunovic, M. Kovac, V. Brigljevic, D. Ferencek, D. Majumder, M. Roguljic, A. Starodumov, T. Susa, M. W. Ather, A. Attikis, E. Erodotou, A. Ioannou, G. Kole, M. Kolosova, S. Konstantinou, G. Mavromanolakis, J. Mousa, C. Nicolaou, F. Ptochos, P. A. Razis, H. Rykaczewski, H. Saka, D. 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Clare, J. W. Gary, S. M. A. Ghiasi Shirazi, G. Hanson, G. Karapostoli, O. R. Long, N. Manganelli, M. Olmedo Negrete, M. I. Paneva, W. Si, S. Wimpenny, Y. Zhang, J. G. Branson, S. Cittolin, S. Cooperstein, N. Deelen, J. Duarte, R. Gerosa, D. Gilbert, V. Krutelyov, J. Letts, M. Masciovecchio, S. May, S. Padhi, M. Pieri, V. Sharma, M. Tadel, F. Würthwein, A. Yagil, N. Amin, C. Campagnari, M. Citron, A. Dorsett, V. Dutta, J. Incandela, B. Marsh, H. Mei, A. Ovcharova, H. Qu, M. Quinnan, J. Richman, U. Sarica, D. Stuart, S. Wang, D. Anderson, A. Bornheim, O. Cerri, I. Dutta, J. M. Lawhorn, N. Lu, J. Mao, H. B. Newman, T. Q. Nguyen, J. Pata, M. Spiropulu, J. R. Vlimant, S. Xie, Z. Zhang, R. Y. Zhu, J. Alison, M. B. Andrews, T. Ferguson, T. Mudholkar, M. Paulini, M. Sun, I. Vorobiev, J. P. Cumalat, W. T. Ford, E. MacDonald, T. Mulholland, R. Patel, A. Perloff, K. Stenson, K. A. Ulmer, S. R. Wagner, J. Alexander, Y. Cheng, J. Chu, D. J. Cranshaw, A. Datta, A. Frankenthal, K. Mcdermott, J. Monroy, J. R. Patterson, D. Quach, A. Ryd, W. Sun, S. M. Tan, Z. Tao, J. Thom, P. Wittich, M. Zientek, S. Abdullin, M. Albrow, M. Alyari, G. Apollinari, A. Apresyan, A. Apyan, L. A. T. Bauerdick, A. Beretvas, D. Berry, J. Berryhill, P. C. Bhat, K. Burkett, J. N. Butler, A. Canepa, G. B. Cerati, H. W. K. Cheung, F. Chlebana, M. Cremonesi, V. D. Elvira, J. Freeman, Z. Gecse, E. Gottschalk, L. Gray, D. Green, S. Grünendahl, O. Gutsche, R. M. Harris, S. Hasegawa, R. Heller, T. C. Herwig, J. Hirschauer, B. Jayatilaka, S. Jindariani, M. Johnson, U. Joshi, P. Klabbers, T. Klijnsma, B. Klima, M. J. Kortelainen, S. Lammel, D. Lincoln, R. Lipton, M. Liu, T. Liu, J. Lykken, K. Maeshima, D. Mason, P. McBride, P. Merkel, S. Mrenna, S. Nahn, V. O’Dell, V. Papadimitriou, K. Pedro, C. Pena, O. Prokofyev, F. Ravera, A. Reinsvold Hall, L. Ristori, B. Schneider, E. Sexton-Kennedy, N. Smith, A. Soha, W. J. Spalding, L. Spiegel, S. Stoynev, J. Strait, L. Taylor, S. Tkaczyk, N. V. Tran, L. Uplegger, E. W. Vaandering, H. A. Weber, A. Woodard, D. Acosta, P. Avery, D. Bourilkov, L. Cadamuro, V. Cherepanov, F. Errico, R. D. Field, D. Guerrero, B. M. Joshi, M. Kim, J. Konigsberg, A. Korytov, K. H. Lo, K. Matchev, N. Menendez, G. Mitselmakher, D. Rosenzweig, K. Shi, X. Zuo, T. Adams, A. Askew, D. Diaz, R. Habibullah, S. Hagopian, V. Hagopian, K. F. Johnson, R. Khurana, T. Kolberg, G. Martinez, H. Prosper, C. Schiber, R. Yohay, J. Zhang, M. M. Baarmand, S. Butalla, T. Elkafrawy, M. Hohlmann, D. Noonan, M. Rahmani, M. Saunders, F. Yumiceva, M. R. Adams, L. Apanasevich, H. Becerril Gonzalez, R. Cavanaugh, X. Chen, S. Dittmer, O. Evdokimov, C. E. Gerber, D. A. Hangal, D. J. Hofman, C. Mills, G. Oh, T. Roy, M. B. Tonjes, N. Varelas, J. Viinikainen, X. Wang, Z. Wu, M. Alhusseini, K. Dilsiz, S. Durgut, R. P. Gandrajula, M. Haytmyradov, V. Khristenko, O. K. Köseyan, J. -P. Merlo, A. Mestvirishvili, A. Moeller, J. Nachtman, H. Ogul, Y. Onel, F. Ozok, A. Penzo, C. Snyder, E. Tiras, J. Wetzel, K. Yi, O. Amram, B. Blumenfeld, L. Corcodilos, M. Eminizer, A. V. Gritsan, S. Kyriacou, P. Maksimovic, C. Mantilla, J. Roskes, M. Swartz, T.Á. Vámi, C. Baldenegro Barrera, P. Baringer, A. Bean, A. Bylinkin, T. Isidori, S. Khalil, J. King, G. Krintiras, A. Kropivnitskaya, C. Lindsey, N. Minafra, M. Murray, C. Rogan, C. Royon, S. Sanders, E. Schmitz, J. D. Tapia Takaki, J. Williams, G. Wilson, S. Duric, A. Ivanov, K. Kaadze, D. Kim, Y. Maravin, T. Mitchell, A. Modak, A. Mohammadi, F. Rebassoo, D. Wright, E. Adams, A. Baden, O. Baron, A. Belloni, S. C. Eno, Y. Feng, N. J. Hadley, S. Jabeen, G. Y. Jeng, R. G. Kellogg, T. Koeth, A. C. Mignerey, S. Nabili, M. Seidel, A. Skuja, S. C. Tonwar, L. Wang, K. Wong, D. Abercrombie, B. Allen, R. Bi, S. Brandt, W. Busza, I. A. Cali, M. D’Alfonso, G. Gomez Ceballos, M. Goncharov, P. Harris, D. Hsu, M. Hu, M. Klute, D. Kovalskyi, J. Krupa, Y.-J. Lee, P. D. Luckey, B. Maier, A. C. Marini, C. Mcginn, C. Mironov, S. Narayanan, X. Niu, C. Paus, D. Rankin, C. Roland, G. Roland, Z. Shi, G. S. F. Stephans, K. Sumorok, K. Tatar, D. Velicanu, T. W. Wang, Z. Wang, B. Wyslouch, R. M. Chatterjee, A. Evans, S. Guts, P. Hansen, J. Hiltbrand, Sh. Jain, M. Krohn, Y. Kubota, Z. Lesko, J. Mans, M. Revering, R. Rusack, R. Saradhy, N. Schroeder, N. Strobbe, M. A. Wadud, J. G. Acosta, S. Oliveros, K. Bloom, D. R. Claes, C. Fangmeier, L. Finco, F. Golf, J. R. González Fernández, I. Kravchenko, J. E. Siado, G. R. Snow, B. Stieger, W. Tabb, F. Yan, G. Agarwal, H. Bandyopadhyay, C. Harrington, L. Hay, I. Iashvili, A. Kharchilava, C. McLean, D. Nguyen, J. Pekkanen, S. Rappoccio, B. Roozbahani, G. Alverson, E. Barberis, C. Freer, Y. Haddad, A. Hortiangtham, J. Li, G. Madigan, B. Marzocchi, D. M. Morse, V. Nguyen, T. Orimoto, A. Parker, L. Skinnari, A. Tishelman-Charny, T. Wamorkar, B. Wang, A. Wisecarver, D. Wood, J. Bueghly, Z. Chen, A. Gilbert, T. Gunter, K. A. Hahn, N. Odell, M. H. Schmitt, K. Sung, M. Velasco, R. Bucci, N. Dev, R. Goldouzian, M. Hildreth, K. Hurtado Anampa, C. Jessop, D. J. Karmgard, K. Lannon, N. Loukas, N. Marinelli, I. Mcalister, F. Meng, K. Mohrman, Y. Musienko, R. Ruchti, P. Siddireddy, S. Taroni, M. Wayne, A. Wightman, M. Wolf, L. Zygala, J. Alimena, B. Bylsma, B. Cardwell, L. S. Durkin, B. Francis, C. Hill, A. Lefeld, B. L. Winer, B. R. Yates, P. Das, G. Dezoort, P. Elmer, B. Greenberg, N. Haubrich, S. Higginbotham, A. Kalogeropoulos, G. Kopp, S. Kwan, D. Lange, M. T. Lucchini, J. Luo, D. Marlow, K. Mei, I. Ojalvo, J. Olsen, C. Palmer, P. Piroué, D. Stickland, C. Tully, S. Norberg, V. E. Barnes, R. Chawla, S. Das, L. Gutay, M. Jones, A. W. Jung, B. Mahakud, G. Negro, N. Neumeister, C. C. Peng, S. Piperov, H. Qiu, J. F. Schulte, M. Stojanovic, N. Trevisani, F. Wang, R. Xiao, W. Xie, T. Cheng, J. Dolen, N. Parashar, A. Baty, S. Dildick, K. M. Ecklund, S. Freed, F. J. M. Geurts, M. Kilpatrick, W. Li, B. P. Padley, R. Redjimi, J. Roberts, J. Rorie, W. Shi, A. G. Stahl Leiton, A. Bodek, P. de Barbaro, R. Demina, J. L. Dulemba, C. Fallon, T. Ferbel, M. Galanti, A. Garcia-Bellido, O. Hindrichs, A. Khukhunaishvili, E. Ranken, R. Taus, B. Chiarito, J. P. Chou, A. Gandrakota, Y. Gershtein, E. Halkiadakis, A. Hart, M. Heindl, E. Hughes, S. Kaplan, O. Karacheban, I. Laflotte, A. Lath, R. Montalvo, K. Nash, M. Osherson, S. Salur, S. Schnetzer, S. Somalwar, R. Stone, S. A. Thayil, S. Thomas, H. Acharya, A. G. Delannoy, S. Spanier, O. Bouhali, M. Dalchenko, A. Delgado, R. Eusebi, J. Gilmore, T. Huang, T. Kamon, S. Luo, S. Malhotra, R. Mueller, D. Overton, L. Perniè, D. Rathjens, A. Safonov, J. Sturdy, N. Akchurin, J. Damgov, V. Hegde, S. Kunori, K. Lamichhane, T. Mengke, S. Muthumuni, T. Peltola, S. Undleeb, I. Volobouev, A. Whitbeck, E. Appelt, S. Greene, A. Gurrola, R. Janjam, W. Johns, C. Maguire, A. Melo, H. Ni, K. Padeken, F. Romeo, P. Sheldon, S. Tuo, J. Velkovska, M. Verweij, M. W. Arenton, B. Cox, G. Cummings, J. Hakala, R. Hirosky, M. Joyce, A. Ledovskoy, A. Li, C. Neu, B. Tannenwald, E. Wolfe, F. Xia, P. E. Karchin, N. Poudyal, P. Thapa, K. Black, T. Bose, J. Buchanan, C. Caillol, S. Dasu, I. De Bruyn, P. Everaerts, C. Galloni, H. He, M. Herndon, A. Hervé, U. Hussain, A. Lanaro, A. Loeliger, R. Loveless, J. Madhusudanan Sreekala, A. Mallampalli, D. Pinna, T. Ruggles, A. Savin, V. Shang, W. H. Smith, D. Teague, S. Trembath-Reichert, W. Vetens, and CMS Collaboration

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract Measurements of the associated production of a W boson and a charm ( $${\text {c}}$$ c ) quark in proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 $$\,\text {TeV}$$ TeV are reported. The analysis uses a data sample corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 19.7 $$\,\text {fb}^{-1}$$ fb - 1 collected by the CMS detector at the LHC. The W bosons are identified through their leptonic decays to an electron or a muon, and a neutrino. Charm quark jets are selected using distinctive signatures of charm hadron decays. The product of the cross section and branching fraction $$\sigma (\text {p}\text {p}\rightarrow \text {W}+ {\text {c}}+ \text {X}) {\mathcal {B}}(\text {W}\rightarrow \ell \upnu )$$ σ ( pp → W + c + X ) B ( W → ℓ ν ) , where $$\ell = \text {e}$$ ℓ = e or $$\upmu $$ μ , and the cross section ratio $$\sigma (\text {p}\text {p}\rightarrow {{\text {W}}^{+} + \bar{{\text {c}}} + \text {X}}) / \sigma (\text {p}\text {p}\rightarrow {{\text {W}}^{-} + {\text {c}}+ \text {X}})$$ σ ( pp → W + + c ¯ + X ) / σ ( pp → W - + c + X ) are measured in a fiducial volume and differentially as functions of the pseudorapidity and of the transverse momentum of the lepton from the W boson decay. The results are compared with theoretical predictions. The impact of these measurements on the determination of the strange quark distribution is assessed.

Published
2022
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44. The Impact of Digital Pedagogy Training on In-Service Teachers' Attitudes towards Digital Technologies

Author

Pongsakdi, Nonmanut, Kortelainen, Arto, and Veermans, Marjaana

Abstract

To prepare schools for the demands of the twenty-first century, teachers have been challenged to expand their use of digital technologies in their teaching. This study is a part of OpenDigi, which aimed to create teachers' communities for enhancing digital pedagogy skills and the use of digital assessment tools. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of digital pedagogy training on in-service teachers' attitudes towards digital technologies. Self-report questionnaires were collected from 98 elementary and lower secondary school in-service teachers in southern Finland. A total of 22 in-service teachers completed both pre- and post-test. The results showed that the impact of the digital pedagogy training depended on teachers' ICT confidence level. Teachers who had low confidence in ICT use showed an increased ICT confidence level after the programme, while teachers who already had high confidence in ICT use showed no significant changes in their confidence level. Moreover, the results indicated that the need for ICT support was lower after the training for the teachers in high confidence group, while there were no significant changes in the need for ICT support for the teachers in the low confidence group. These results suggested that the training could fulfil teachers' needs for ICT support, particularly for the teachers in the high confidence group. The challenges teachers face in expanding the use of digital technologies in practice and their commitment to the digital culture are discussed.

Published
2021
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45. Erratum to: Searches for long-lived charged particles in pp collisions at s $$ \sqrt{\textrm{s}} $$ = 7 and 8 TeV

Author

The CMS collaboration, S. Chatrchyan, V. Khachatryan, A. M. Sirunyan, A. Tumasyan, W. Adam, T. Bergauer, M. Dragicevic, J. Erö, C. Fabjan, M. Friedl, R. Frühwirth, V. M. Ghete, N. Hörmann, J. Hrubec, M. Jeitler, W. Kiesenhofer, V. Knünz, M. Krammer, I. Krätschmer, D. Liko, I. Mikulec, D. Rabady, B. Rahbaran, C. Rohringer, H. Rohringer, R. Schöfbeck, J. Strauss, A. Taurok, W. Treberer-Treberspurg, W. Waltenberger, C.-E. Wulz, V. Mossolov, N. Shumeiko, J. Suarez Gonzalez, S. Alderweireldt, M. Bansal, S. Bansal, T. Cornelis, E. A. De Wolf, X. Janssen, A. Knutsson, S. Luyckx, L. Mucibello, S. Ochesanu, B. Roland, R. Rougny, H. Van Haevermaet, P. Van Mechelen, N. Van Remortel, A. Van Spilbeeck, F. Blekman, S. Blyweert, J. D’Hondt, A. Kalogeropoulos, J. Keaveney, M. Maes, A. Olbrechts, S. Tavernier, W. Van Doninck, P. Van Mulders, G. P. Van Onsem, I. Villella, B. Clerbaux, G. De Lentdecker, L. Favart, A. P. R. Gay, T. Hreus, A. Léonard, P. E. Marage, A. Mohammadi, L. Perniè, T. Reis, T. Seva, L. Thomas, C. Vander Velde, P. Vanlaer, J. Wang, V. Adler, K. Beernaert, L. Benucci, A. Cimmino, S. Costantini, S. Dildick, G. Garcia, B. Klein, J. Lellouch, A. Marinov, J. Mccartin, A. A. Ocampo Rios, D. Ryckbosch, M. Sigamani, N. Strobbe, F. Thyssen, M. Tytgat, S. Walsh, E. Yazgan, N. Zaganidis, S. Basegmez, C. Beluffi, G. Bruno, R. Castello, A. Caudron, L. Ceard, C. Delaere, T. du Pree, D. Favart, L. Forthomme, A. Giammanco, J. Hollar, P. Jez, V. Lemaitre, J. Liao, O. Militaru, C. Nuttens, D. Pagano, A. Pin, K. Piotrzkowski, A. Popov, M. Selvaggi, J. M. Vizan Garcia, N. Beliy, T. Caebergs, E. Daubie, G. H. Hammad, G. A. Alves, M. Correa Martins Junior, T. Martins, M. E. Pol, M. H. G. Souza, W. L. Aldá Júnior, W. Carvalho, J. Chinellato, A. Custódio, E. M. Da Costa, D. De Jesus Damiao, C. De Oliveira Martins, S. Fonseca De Souza, H. Malbouisson, M. Malek, D. Matos Figueiredo, L. Mundim, H. Nogima, W. L. Prado Da Silva, A. Santoro, A. Sznajder, E. J. Tonelli Manganote, A. Vilela Pereira, C. A. Bernardes, F. A. Dias, T. R. Fernandez Perez Tomei, E. M. Gregores, C. Lagana, F. Marinho, P. G. Mercadante, S. F. Novaes, Sandra S. Padula, V. Genchev, P. Iaydjiev, S. Piperov, M. Rodozov, G. Sultanov, M. Vutova, A. Dimitrov, R. Hadjiiska, V. Kozhuharov, L. Litov, B. Pavlov, P. Petkov, J. G. Bian, G. M. Chen, H. S. Chen, C. H. Jiang, D. Liang, S. Liang, X. Meng, J. Tao, X. Wang, Z. Wang, H. Xiao, M. Xu, C. Asawatangtrakuldee, Y. Ban, Y. Guo, W. Li, S. Liu, Y. Mao, S. J. Qian, H. Teng, D. Wang, L. Zhang, W. Zou, C. Avila, C. A. Carrillo Montoya, J. P. Gomez, B. Gomez Moreno, J. C. Sanabria, N. Godinovic, D. Lelas, R. Plestina, D. Polic, I. Puljak, Z. Antunovic, M. Kovac, V. Brigljevic, S. Duric, K. Kadija, J. Luetic, D. Mekterovic, S. Morovic, L. Tikvica, A. Attikis, G. Mavromanolakis, J. Mousa, C. Nicolaou, F. Ptochos, P. A. Razis, M. Finger, Y. Assran, A. Ellithi Kamel, M. A. Mahmoud, A. Mahrous, A. Radi, M. Kadastik, M. Müntel, M. Murumaa, M. Raidal, L. 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Asavapibhop, N. Srimanobhas, A. Adiguzel, M. N. Bakirci, S. Cerci, C. Dozen, I. Dumanoglu, E. Eskut, S. Girgis, G. Gokbulut, E. Gurpinar, I. Hos, E. E. Kangal, A. Kayis Topaksu, G. Onengut, K. Ozdemir, S. Ozturk, A. Polatoz, K. Sogut, D. Sunar Cerci, B. Tali, H. Topakli, M. Vergili, I. V. Akin, T. Aliev, B. Bilin, S. Bilmis, M. Deniz, H. Gamsizkan, A. M. Guler, G. Karapinar, K. Ocalan, A. Ozpineci, M. Serin, R. Sever, U. E. Surat, M. Yalvac, M. Zeyrek, E. Gülmez, B. Isildak, M. Kaya, O. Kaya, S. Ozkorucuklu, N. Sonmez, H. Bahtiyar, E. Barlas, K. Cankocak, Y. O. Günaydin, F. I. Vardarli, M. Yücel, L. Levchuk, P. Sorokin, J. J. Brooke, E. Clement, D. Cussans, H. Flacher, R. Frazier, J. Goldstein, M. Grimes, G. P. Heath, H. F. Heath, L. Kreczko, S. Metson, D. M. Newbold, K. Nirunpong, A. Poll, S. Senkin, V. J. Smith, T. Williams, L. Basso, K. W. Bell, C. Brew, R. M. Brown, D. J. A. Cockerill, J. A. Coughlan, K. Harder, S. Harper, J. Jackson, E. Olaiya, D. Petyt, B. C. Radburn-Smith, C. H. Shepherd-Themistocleous, I. R. Tomalin, W. J. Womersley, R. Bainbridge, O. Buchmuller, D. Burton, D. Colling, N. Cripps, M. Cutajar, P. Dauncey, G. Davies, M. Della Negra, W. Ferguson, J. Fulcher, D. Futyan, A. Gilbert, A. Guneratne Bryer, G. Hall, Z. Hatherell, J. Hays, G. Iles, M. Jarvis, G. Karapostoli, M. Kenzie, R. Lane, R. Lucas, L. Lyons, A.-M. Magnan, J. Marrouche, B. Mathias, R. Nandi, J. Nash, A. Nikitenko, J. Pela, M. Pesaresi, K. Petridis, M. Pioppi, D. M. Raymond, S. Rogerson, A. Rose, C. Seez, P. Sharp, A. Sparrow, A. Tapper, M. Vazquez Acosta, T. Virdee, S. Wakefield, N. Wardle, T. Whyntie, M. Chadwick, J. E. Cole, P. R. Hobson, A. Khan, P. Kyberd, D. Leggat, D. Leslie, W. Martin, I. D. Reid, P. Symonds, L. Teodorescu, M. Turner, J. Dittmann, K. Hatakeyama, A. Kasmi, H. Liu, T. Scarborough, O. Charaf, S. I. Cooper, C. Henderson, P. Rumerio, A. Avetisyan, T. Bose, C. Fantasia, A. Heister, P. Lawson, D. Lazic, J. Rohlf, D. Sperka, J. St. John, L. Sulak, J. Alimena, G. Christopher, D. Cutts, Z. Demiragli, A. Ferapontov, A. Garabedian, U. Heintz, G. Kukartsev, E. Laird, G. Landsberg, M. Luk, M. Narain, M. Segala, T. Sinthuprasith, T. Speer, R. Breedon, G. Breto, M. Calderon De La Barca Sanchez, S. Chauhan, M. Chertok, J. Conway, R. Conway, P. T. Cox, R. Erbacher, M. Gardner, R. Houtz, W. Ko, A. Kopecky, R. Lander, O. Mall, T. Miceli, R. Nelson, D. Pellett, F. Ricci-Tam, B. Rutherford, M. Searle, J. Smith, M. Squires, M. Tripathi, S. Wilbur, R. Yohay, D. Cline, R. Cousins, S. Erhan, P. Everaerts, C. Farrell, M. Felcini, J. Hauser, M. Ignatenko, C. Jarvis, G. Rakness, P. Schlein, E. Takasugi, P. Traczyk, V. Valuev, J. Babb, R. Clare, M. E. Dinardo, J. Ellison, J. W. Gary, G. Hanson, O. R. Long, A. Luthra, H. Nguyen, S. Paramesvaran, J. Sturdy, S. Sumowidagdo, R. Wilken, S. Wimpenny, W. Andrews, J. G. Branson, G. B. Cerati, S. Cittolin, D. Evans, A. Holzner, R. Kelley, M. Lebourgeois, J. Letts, I. Macneill, B. Mangano, S. Padhi, C. Palmer, G. Petrucciani, M. Pieri, M. Sani, S. Simon, E. Sudano, M. Tadel, Y. Tu, A. Vartak, S. Wasserbaech, F. Würthwein, A. Yagil, J. Yoo, D. Barge, R. Bellan, C. Campagnari, M. D’Alfonso, T. Danielson, K. Flowers, P. Geffert, C. George, F. Golf, J. Incandela, C. Justus, P. Kalavase, D. Kovalskyi, V. Krutelyov, S. Lowette, R. Magaña Villalba, N. Mccoll, V. Pavlunin, J. Ribnik, J. Richman, R. Rossin, D. Stuart, W. To, C. West, A. Apresyan, A. Bornheim, J. Bunn, Y. Chen, E. Di Marco, J. Duarte, D. Kcira, Y. Ma, A. Mott, H. B. Newman, C. Rogan, M. Spiropulu, V. Timciuc, J. Veverka, R. Wilkinson, S. Xie, Y. Yang, R. Y. Zhu, V. Azzolini, A. Calamba, R. Carroll, T. Ferguson, Y. Iiyama, D. W. Jang, Y. F. Liu, M. Paulini, J. Russ, H. Vogel, I. Vorobiev, J. P. Cumalat, B. R. Drell, W. T. Ford, A. Gaz, E. Luiggi Lopez, U. Nauenberg, J. G. Smith, K. Stenson, K. A. Ulmer, S. R. Wagner, J. Alexander, A. Chatterjee, N. Eggert, L. K. Gibbons, W. Hopkins, A. Khukhunaishvili, B. Kreis, N. Mirman, G. Nicolas Kaufman, J. R. Patterson, A. Ryd, E. Salvati, W. Sun, W. D. Teo, J. Thom, J. Thompson, J. Tucker, Y. Weng, L. Winstrom, P. Wittich, D. Winn, S. Abdullin, M. Albrow, J. Anderson, G. Apollinari, L. A. T. Bauerdick, A. Beretvas, J. Berryhill, P. C. Bhat, K. Burkett, J. N. Butler, V. Chetluru, H. W. K. Cheung, F. Chlebana, S. Cihangir, V. D. Elvira, I. Fisk, J. Freeman, Y. Gao, E. Gottschalk, L. Gray, D. Green, O. Gutsche, D. Hare, R. M. Harris, J. Hirschauer, B. Hooberman, S. Jindariani, M. Johnson, U. Joshi, B. Klima, S. Kunori, S. Kwan, C. Leonidopoulos, J. Linacre, D. Lincoln, R. Lipton, J. Lykken, K. Maeshima, J. M. Marraffino, V. I. Martinez Outschoorn, S. Maruyama, D. Mason, P. McBride, K. Mishra, S. Mrenna, Y. Musienko, C. Newman-Holmes, V. O’Dell, O. Prokofyev, N. Ratnikova, E. Sexton-Kennedy, S. Sharma, W. J. Spalding, L. Spiegel, L. Taylor, S. Tkaczyk, N. V. Tran, L. Uplegger, E. W. Vaandering, R. Vidal, J. Whitmore, W. Wu, F. Yang, J. C. Yun, D. Acosta, P. Avery, D. Bourilkov, M. Chen, T. Cheng, S. Das, M. De Gruttola, G. P. Di Giovanni, D. Dobur, A. Drozdetskiy, R. D. Field, M. Fisher, Y. Fu, I. K. Furic, J. Hugon, B. Kim, J. Konigsberg, A. Korytov, A. Kropivnitskaya, T. Kypreos, J. F. Low, K. Matchev, P. Milenovic, G. Mitselmakher, L. Muniz, R. Remington, A. Rinkevicius, N. Skhirtladze, M. Snowball, J. Yelton, M. Zakaria, V. Gaultney, S. Hewamanage, L. M. Lebolo, S. Linn, P. Markowitz, G. Martinez, J. L. Rodriguez, T. Adams, A. Askew, J. Bochenek, J. Chen, B. Diamond, S. V. Gleyzer, J. Haas, S. Hagopian, V. Hagopian, K. F. Johnson, H. Prosper, V. Veeraraghavan, M. Weinberg, M. M. Baarmand, B. Dorney, M. Hohlmann, H. Kalakhety, F. Yumiceva, M. R. Adams, L. Apanasevich, V. E. Bazterra, R. R. Betts, I. Bucinskaite, J. Callner, R. Cavanaugh, O. Evdokimov, L. Gauthier, C. E. Gerber, D. J. Hofman, S. Khalatyan, P. Kurt, F. Lacroix, D. H. Moon, C. O’Brien, C. Silkworth, D. Strom, P. Turner, N. Varelas, U. Akgun, E. A. Albayrak, B. Bilki, W. Clarida, K. Dilsiz, F. Duru, S. Griffiths, J.-P. Merlo, H. Mermerkaya, A. Mestvirishvili, A. Moeller, J. Nachtman, C. R. Newsom, H. Ogul, Y. Onel, F. Ozok, S. Sen, P. Tan, E. Tiras, J. Wetzel, T. Yetkin, K. Yi, B. A. Barnett, B. Blumenfeld, S. Bolognesi, D. Fehling, G. Giurgiu, A. V. Gritsan, Z. J. Guo, G. Hu, P. Maksimovic, M. Swartz, A. Whitbeck, P. Baringer, A. Bean, G. Benelli, R. P. Kenny, M. Murray, D. Noonan, S. Sanders, R. Stringer, J. S. Wood, A. F. Barfuss, I. Chakaberia, A. Ivanov, S. Khalil, M. Makouski, Y. Maravin, S. Shrestha, I. Svintradze, J. Gronberg, D. Lange, F. Rebassoo, D. Wright, A. Baden, B. Calvert, S. C. Eno, J. A. Gomez, N. J. Hadley, R. G. Kellogg, T. Kolberg, Y. Lu, M. Marionneau, A. C. Mignerey, K. Pedro, A. Peterman, A. Skuja, J. Temple, M. B. Tonjes, S. C. Tonwar, A. Apyan, G. Bauer, W. Busza, E. Butz, I. A. Cali, M. Chan, V. Dutta, G. Gomez Ceballos, M. Goncharov, Y. Kim, M. Klute, Y. S. Lai, A. Levin, P. D. Luckey, T. Ma, S. Nahn, C. Paus, D. Ralph, C. Roland, G. Roland, G. S. F. Stephans, F. Stöckli, K. Sumorok, K. Sung, D. Velicanu, R. Wolf, B. Wyslouch, M. Yang, Y. Yilmaz, A. S. Yoon, M. Zanetti, V. Zhukova, B. Dahmes, A. De Benedetti, G. Franzoni, A. Gude, J. Haupt, S. C. Kao, K. Klapoetke, Y. Kubota, J. Mans, N. Pastika, R. Rusack, M. Sasseville, A. Singovsky, N. Tambe, J. Turkewitz, L. M. Cremaldi, R. Kroeger, L. Perera, R. Rahmat, D. A. Sanders, D. Summers, E. Avdeeva, K. Bloom, S. Bose, D. R. Claes, A. Dominguez, M. Eads, R. Gonzalez Suarez, J. Keller, I. Kravchenko, J. Lazo-Flores, S. Malik, F. Meier, G. R. Snow, J. Dolen, A. Godshalk, I. Iashvili, S. Jain, A. Kharchilava, A. Kumar, S. Rappoccio, Z. Wan, G. Alverson, E. Barberis, D. Baumgartel, M. Chasco, J. Haley, A. Massironi, D. Nash, T. Orimoto, D. Trocino, D. Wood, J. Zhang, A. Anastassov, K. A. Hahn, A. Kubik, L. Lusito, N. Mucia, N. Odell, B. Pollack, A. Pozdnyakov, M. Schmitt, S. Stoynev, M. Velasco, S. Won, D. Berry, A. Brinkerhoff, K. M. Chan, M. Hildreth, C. Jessop, D. J. Karmgard, J. Kolb, K. Lannon, W. Luo, S. Lynch, N. Marinelli, D. M. Morse, T. Pearson, M. Planer, R. Ruchti, J. Slaunwhite, N. Valls, M. Wayne, M. Wolf, L. Antonelli, B. Bylsma, L. S. Durkin, C. Hill, R. Hughes, K. Kotov, T. Y. Ling, D. Puigh, M. Rodenburg, G. Smith, C. Vuosalo, G. Williams, B. L. Winer, H. Wolfe, E. Berry, P. Elmer, V. Halyo, P. Hebda, J. Hegeman, A. Hunt, P. Jindal, S. A. Koay, D. Lopes Pegna, P. Lujan, D. Marlow, T. Medvedeva, M. Mooney, J. Olsen, P. Piroué, X. Quan, A. Raval, H. Saka, D. Stickland, C. Tully, J. S. Werner, S. C. Zenz, A. Zuranski, E. Brownson, A. Lopez, H. Mendez, J. E. Ramirez Vargas, E. Alagoz, D. Benedetti, G. Bolla, D. Bortoletto, M. De Mattia, A. Everett, Z. Hu, M. Jones, K. Jung, O. Koybasi, M. Kress, N. Leonardo, V. Maroussov, P. Merkel, D. H. Miller, N. Neumeister, I. Shipsey, D. Silvers, A. Svyatkovskiy, M. Vidal Marono, F. Wang, L. Xu, H. D. Yoo, J. Zablocki, Y. Zheng, S. Guragain, N. Parashar, A. Adair, B. Akgun, K. M. Ecklund, F. J. M. Geurts, B. P. Padley, R. Redjimi, J. Roberts, J. Zabel, B. Betchart, A. Bodek, R. Covarelli, P. de Barbaro, R. Demina, Y. Eshaq, T. Ferbel, A. Garcia-Bellido, P. Goldenzweig, J. Han, A. Harel, D. C. Miner, G. Petrillo, D. Vishnevskiy, M. Zielinski, A. Bhatti, R. Ciesielski, L. Demortier, K. Goulianos, G. Lungu, C. Mesropian, S. Arora, A. Barker, J. P. Chou, C. Contreras-Campana, E. Contreras-Campana, D. Duggan, D. Ferencek, Y. Gershtein, R. Gray, E. Halkiadakis, D. Hidas, A. Lath, S. Panwalkar, M. Park, R. Patel, V. Rekovic, J. Robles, K. Rose, S. Salur, S. Schnetzer, C. Seitz, S. Somalwar, R. Stone, S. Thomas, M. Walker, G. Cerizza, M. Hollingsworth, S. Spanier, Z. C. Yang, A. York, R. Eusebi, W. Flanagan, J. Gilmore, T. Kamon, V. Khotilovich, R. Montalvo, I. Osipenkov, Y. Pakhotin, A. Perloff, J. Roe, A. Safonov, T. Sakuma, I. Suarez, A. Tatarinov, D. Toback, N. Akchurin, J. Damgov, C. Dragoiu, P. R. Dudero, C. Jeong, K. Kovitanggoon, S. W. Lee, T. Libeiro, I. Volobouev, E. Appelt, A. G. Delannoy, S. Greene, A. Gurrola, W. Johns, C. Maguire, A. Melo, M. Sharma, P. Sheldon, B. Snook, S. Tuo, J. Velkovska, M. W. Arenton, S. Boutle, B. Cox, B. Francis, J. Goodell, R. Hirosky, A. Ledovskoy, C. Lin, C. Neu, J. Wood, S. Gollapinni, R. Harr, P. E. Karchin, C. Kottachchi Kankanamge Don, P. Lamichhane, A. Sakharov, M. Anderson, D. A. Belknap, L. Borrello, D. Carlsmith, M. Cepeda, S. Dasu, E. Friis, K. S. Grogg, M. Grothe, R. Hall-Wilton, M. Herndon, A. Hervé, K. Kaadze, P. Klabbers, J. Klukas, A. Lanaro, C. Lazaridis, R. Loveless, A. Mohapatra, M. U. Mozer, I. Ojalvo, G. A. Pierro, I. Ross, A. Savin, W. H. Smith, and J. Swanson

Subjects
Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Published
2022
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46. Public Librarians as Partners in Problem-Based Learning in Secondary Schools: A Case Study in Finland

Author

Pietikäinen, Virpi, Kortelainen, Terttu, and Siklander, Pirkko

Abstract

Introduction: Teachers in Finland are demanded to develop students' competencies in information literacy. However, they can meet this demand only by collaborating with public librarians. The aim in this case study was to explore the perspectives of teachers, librarians and students in a problem-based project and to analyse the advantages and challenges of collaboration between teachers and librarians. Methods: Teachers and librarians together designed and implemented a learning project in a secondary school, where triangulation of data collection took place--group interviews with four teachers and two librarians and a questionnaire for forty students. Analysis: The interviews and questionnaires were categorized and analysed by means of qualitative content analysis, using QSR NVivo 10. The categorization followed theory-based procedures. Results: The study reveals that collaboration between teachers and librarians was rewarding, especially in joint teaching situations. Challenges were related to lack of planning time, students' diverse skill levels and, to some degree, to the unclear roles of teachers and librarians. The study resulted in a model for integrating information literacy with problem-based learning. Conclusion: The new model produces new understanding of the characteristics and critical points of the collaboration and clarifies how information and communications technology (ICT) can be used to support student-centred, problem-based learning processes facilitated and instructed by teachers and public librarians located in physically separated places. [Note: The volume number (23) on the PDF is incorrect. The correct volume number is 22.]

Published
2017

47. Nuclear DFT electromagnetic moments in heavy deformed open-shell odd nuclei

Author

J. Bonnard, J. Dobaczewski, G. Danneaux, and M. Kortelainen

Subjects
Mean field, Electromagnetic moments, Symmetry restoration, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

Within the nuclear DFT approach, we determined the magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moments for paired nuclear states corresponding to the proton (neutron) quasiparticles blocked in the π11/2− (ν13/2+) intruder configurations. We performed calculations for all deformed open-shell odd nuclei with 63≤Z≤82 and 82≤N≤126. Time-reversal symmetry was broken in the intrinsic reference frame and self-consistent shape and spin core polarizations were established. We determined spectroscopic moments of angular-momentum-projected wave functions and compared them with available experimental data. We obtained good agreement with data without using effective g-factors or effective charges in the dipole or quadrupole operators, respectively. We also showed that the intrinsic magnetic dipole moments, or those obtained for conserved intrinsic time-reversal symmetry, do not represent viable approximations of the spectroscopic ones.

Published
2023
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48. Generalizing mkFit and its Application to HL-LHC

Author

Cerati Giuseppe, Elmer Peter, Gartung Patrick, Giannini Leonardo, Kortelainen Matti, Krutelyov Vyacheslav, Lantz Steven, Masciovecchio Mario, Reid Tres, Reinsvold Hall Allison, Riley Daniel, Tadel Matevž, Vourliotis Emmanouil, Wittich Peter, and Yagil Avi

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

mkFit is an implementation of the Kalman filter-based track reconstruction algorithm that exploits both threadand data-level parallelism. In the past few years the project transitioned from the R&D phase to deployment in the Run-3 offline workflow of the CMS experiment. The CMS tracking performs a series of iterations, targeting reconstruction of tracks of increasing difficulty after removing hits associated to tracks found in previous iterations. mkFit has been adopted for several of the tracking iterations, which contribute to the majority of reconstructed tracks. When tested in the standard conditions for production jobs, speedups in track pattern recognition are on average of the order of 3.5x for the iterations where it is used (3-7x depending on the iteration). Multiple factors contribute to the observed speedups, including vectorization and a lightweight geometry description, as well as improved memory management and single precision. Efficient vectorization is achieved with both the icc and the gcc (default in CMSSW) compilers and relies on a dedicated library for small matrix operations, Matriplex, which has recently been released in a public repository. While the mkFit geometry description already featured levels of abstraction from the actual Phase-1 CMS tracker, several components of the implementations were still tied to that specific geometry. We have further generalized the geometry description and the configuration of the run-time parameters, in order to enable support for the Phase-2 upgraded tracker geometry for the HL-LHC and potentially other detector configurations. The implementation strategy and high-level code changes required for the HL-LHC geometry are presented. Speedups in track building from mkFit imply that track fitting becomes a comparably time consuming step of the tracking chain. Prospects for an mkFit implementation of the track fit are also discussed.

Published
2024
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49. Performance of Heterogeneous Algorithm Scheduling in CMSSW

Author

Bocci Andrea, Jones Christopher, and Kortelainen Matti J.

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

The CMS experiment started to utilize Graphics Processing Units (GPU) to accelerate the online reconstruction and event selection running on its High Level Trigger (HLT) farm in the 2022 data taking period. The projections of the HLT farm to the High-Luminosity LHC foresee a significant use of compute accelerators in the LHC Run 4 and onwards in order to keep the cost, size, and power budget of the farm under control. This direction of leveraging compute accelerators has synergies with the increasing use of HPC resources in HEP computing, as HPC machines are employing more and more compute accelerators that are predominantly GPUs today. In this work we review the features developed for the CMS data processing framework, CMSSW, to support the effective utilization of both compute accelerators and many-core CPUs within a highly concurrent task-based framework. We measure the impact of various design choices for the scheduling of heterogeneous algorithms on the event processing throughput, using the Run-3 HLT application as a realistic use case.

Published
2024
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50. Evaluating Performance Portability with the CMS Heterogeneous Pixel Reconstruction code

Author

Andriotis Nikolaos, Bocci Andrea, Cano Eric, Cappelli Laura, Di Pilato Tony, Ferragina Luca, Hugo Gabrielle, Kortelainen Matti J., Kwok Martin, Olivera Loyola Juan Jose, Pantaleo Felice, Perego Aurora, Redjeb Wahid, Dewing Mark, and Esseiva Julien

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

In the past years the landscape of tools for expressing parallel algorithms in a portable way across various compute accelerators has continued to evolve significantly. There are many technologies on the market that provide portability between CPU, GPUs from several vendors, and in some cases even FPGAs. These technologies include C++ libraries such as Alpaka and Kokkos, compiler directives such as OpenMP, the SYCL open specification that can be implemented as a library or in a compiler, and standard C++ where the compiler is solely responsible for the offloading. Given this developing landscape, users have to choose the technology that best fits their applications and constraints. For example, in the CMS experiment the experience so far in heterogeneous reconstruction algorithms suggests that the full application contains a large number of relatively short computational kernels and memory transfer operations. In this work we use a stand-alone version of the CMS heterogeneous pixel reconstruction code as a realistic use case of HEP reconstruction software that is capable of leveraging GPUs effectively. We summarize the experience of porting this code base from CUDA to Alpaka, Kokkos, SYCL, std::par, and OpenMP offloading. We compare the event processing throughput achieved by each version on NVIDIA and AMD GPUs as well as on a CPU, and compare those to what a native version of the code achieves on each platform.

Published
2024
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