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1. The SNO+ Experiment

Author

Collaboration, SNO, Albanese, V., Alves, R., Anderson, M. R., Andringa, S., Anselmo, L., Arushanova, E., Asahi, S., Askins, M., Auty, D. J., Back, A. R., Back, S., Barão, F., Barnard, Z., Barr, A., Barros, N., Bartlett, D., Bayes, R., Beaudoin, C., Beier, E. W., Berardi, G., Bialek, A., Biller, S. D., Blucher, E., Bonventre, R., Boulay, M., Braid, D., Caden, E., Callaghan, E. J., Caravaca, J., Carvalho, J., Cavalli, L., Chauhan, D., Chen, M., Chkvorets, O., Clark, K. J., Cleveland, B., Connors, C., Cookman, D., Coulter, I. T., Cox, M. A., Cressy, D., Dai, X., Darrach, C., Davis-Purcell, B., Deluce, C., Depatie, M. M., Descamps, F., Di Lodovico, F., Dittmer, J., Doxtator, A., Duhaime, N., Duncan, F., Dunger, J., Earle, A. D., Fabris, D., Falk, E., Farrugia, A., Fatemighomi, N., Felber, C., Fischer, V., Fletcher, E., Ford, R., Frankiewicz, K., Gagnon, N., Gaur, A., Gauthier, J., Gibson-Foster, A., Gilje, K., González-Reina, O. I., Gooding, D., Gorel, P., Graham, K., Grant, C., Grove, J., Grullon, S., Guillian, E., Hall, S., Hallin, A. L., Hallman, D., Hans, S., Hartnell, J., Harvey, P., Hedayatipour, M., Heintzelman, W. J., Heise, J., Helmer, R. L., Hodak, B., Hodak, M., Hood, M., Horne, D., Hreljac, B., Hu, J., Hussain, S. M. A., Iida, T., Inácio, A. S., Jackson, C. M., Jelley, N. A., Jillings, C. J., Jones, C., Jones, P. G., Kamdin, K., Kaptanoglu, T., Kaspar, J., Keeter, K., Kefelian, C., Khaghani, P., Kippenbrock, L., Klein, J. R., Knapik, R., Kofron, J., Kormos, L. L., Korte, S., Krar, B., Kraus, C., Krauss, C. B., Kroupová, T., Labe, K., Lafleur, F., Lam, I., Lan, C., Land, B. J., Lane, R., Langrock, S., Larochelle, P., Larose, S., LaTorre, A., Lawson, I., Lebanowski, L., Lefeuvre, G. M., Leming, E. J., Li, A., Li, O., Lidgard, J., Liggins, B., Liimatainen, P., Lin, Y. H., Liu, X., Liu, Y., Lozza, V., Luo, M., Maguire, S., Maio, A., Majumdar, K., Manecki, S., Maneira, J., Martin, R. D., Marzec, E., Mastbaum, A., Mathewson, A., McCauley, N., McDonald, A. B., McFarlane, K., Mekarski, P., Meyer, M., Miller, C., Mills, C., Mlejnek, M., Mony, E., Morissette, B., Morton-Blake, I., Mottram, M. J., Nae, S., Nirkko, M., Nolan, L. J., Novikov, V. M., O'Keeffe, H. M., O'Sullivan, E., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Parnell, M. J., Paton, J., Peeters, S. J. M., Pershing, T., Petriw, Z., Petzoldt, J., Pickard, L., Pracsovics, D., Prior, G., Prouty, J. C., Quirk, S., Read, S., Reichold, A., Riccetto, S., Richardson, R., Rigan, M., Ritchie, I., Robertson, A., Robertson, B. C., Rose, J., Rosero, R., Rost, P. M., Rumleskie, J., Schumaker, M. A., Schwendener, M. H., Scislowski, D., Secrest, J., Seddighin, M., Segui, L., Seibert, S., Semenec, I., Shaker, F., Shantz, T., Sharma, M. K., Shokair, T. M., Sibley, L., Sinclair, J. R., Singh, K., Skensved, P., Smiley, M., Sonley, T., Sörensen, A., St-Amant, M., Stainforth, R., Stankiewicz, S., Strait, M., Stringer, M. I., Stripay, A., Svoboda, R., Tacchino, S., Tam, B., Tanguay, C., Tatar, J., Tian, L., Tolich, N., Tseng, J., Tseung, H. W. C., Turner, E., Van Berg, R., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Veinot, J. G. C., Virtue, C. J., von Krosigk, B., Walker, J. M. G., Walker, M., Wallig, J., Walton, S. C., Wang, J., Ward, M., Wasalski, O., Waterfield, J., Weigand, J. J., White, R. F., Wilson, J. R., Winchester, T. J., Woosaree, P., Wright, A., Yanez, J. P., Yeh, M., Zhang, T., Zhang, Y., Zhao, T., Zuber, K., and Zummo, A.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The SNO+ experiment is located 2 km underground at SNOLAB in Sudbury, Canada. A low background search for neutrinoless double beta ($0\nu\beta\beta$) decay will be conducted using 780 tonnes of liquid scintillator loaded with 3.9 tonnes of natural tellurium, corresponding to 1.3 tonnes of $^{130}$Te. This paper provides a general overview of the SNO+ experiment, including detector design, construction of process plants, commissioning efforts, electronics upgrades, data acquisition systems, and calibration techniques. The SNO+ collaboration is reusing the acrylic vessel, PMT array, and electronics of the SNO detector, having made a number of experimental upgrades and essential adaptations for use with the liquid scintillator. With low backgrounds and a low energy threshold, the SNO+ collaboration will also pursue a rich physics program beyond the search for $0\nu\beta\beta$ decay, including studies of geo- and reactor antineutrinos, supernova and solar neutrinos, and exotic physics such as the search for invisible nucleon decay. The SNO+ approach to the search for $0\nu\beta\beta$ decay is scalable: a future phase with high $^{130}$Te-loading is envisioned to probe an effective Majorana mass in the inverted mass ordering region., Comment: 61 pages, 23 figures, 4 tables

Published
2021
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2. Development, characterisation, and deployment of the SNO+ liquid scintillator

Author

Collaboration, SNO, Anderson, M. R., Andringa, S., Anselmo, L., Arushanova, E., Asahi, S., Askins, M., Auty, D. J., Back, A. R., Barnard, Z., Barros, N., Bartlett, D., Barão, F., Bayes, R., Beier, E. W., Bialek, A., Biller, S. D., Blucher, E., Bonventre, R., Boulay, M., Braid, D., Caden, E., Callaghan, E. J., Caravaca, J., Carvalho, J., Cavalli, L., Chauhan, D., Chen, M., Chkvorets, O., Clark, K. J., Cleveland, B., Cookman, D., Connors, C., Coulter, I. T., Cox, M. A., Cressy, D., Dai, X., Darrach, C., Davis-Purcell, B., Deluce, C., Depatie, M. M., Descamps, F., Dittmer, J., Di Lodovico, F., Duhaime, N., Duncan, F., Dunger, J., Earle, A. D., Fabris, D., Falk, E., Farrugia, A., Fatemighomi, N., Fischer, V., Fletcher, E., Ford, R., Frankiewicz, K., Gagnon, N., Gaur, A., Gilje, K., González-Reina, O. I., Gooding, D., Gorel, P., Graham, K., Grant, C., Grove, J., Grullon, S., Guillian, E., Hall, S., Hallin, A. L., Hallman, D., Hans, S., Hartnell, J., Harvey, P., Hedayatipour, M., Heintzelman, W. J., Heise, J., Helmer, R. L., Horne, D., Hreljac, B., Hu, J., Hussain, A. S. M., Iida, T., Inácio, A. S., Jackson, M., Jelley, N. A., Jillings, C. J., Jones, C., Jones, P. G., Kamdin, K., Kaptanoglu, T., Kaspar, J., Keeter, K., Kefelian, C., Khaghani, P., Kippenbrock, L., Klein, J. R., Knapik, R., Kofron, J., Kormos, L. L., Korte, S., Krar, B., Kraus, C., Krauss, C. B., Kroupova, T., Labe, K., Lafleur, F., Lam, I., Lan, C., Land, B. J., Lane, R., Langrock, S., LaTorre, A., Lawson, I., Lebanowski, L., Lefeuvre, G. M., Leming, E. J., Li, A., Lidgard, J., Liggins, B., Lin, Y. H., Liu, X., Liu, Y., Lozza, V., Luo, M., Maguire, S., Maio, A., Majumdar, K., Manecki, S., Maneira, J., Martin, R. D., Marzec, E., Mastbaum, A., Mauel, J., McCauley, N., McDonald, A. B., Mekarski, P., Meyer, M., Miller, C., Mills, C., Mlejnek, M., Mony, E., Morton-Blake, I., Mottram, M. J., Nae, S., Nirkko, M., Nolan, L. J., Novikov, V. M., O'Keeffe, H. M., O'Sullivan, E., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Parnell, M. J., Paton, J., Peeters, S. J. M., Pershing, T., Petriw, Z., Petzoldt, J., Pickard, L., Pracsovics, D., Prior, G., Prouty, J. C., Quirk, S., Reichold, A., Riccetto, S., Richardson, R., Rigan, M., Robertson, A., Rose, J., Rosero, R., Rost, P. M., Rumleskie, J., Schumaker, M. A., Schwendener, M. H., Scislowski, D., Secrest, J., Seddighin, M., Segui, L., Seibert, S., Semenec, I., Shaker, F., Shantz, T., Sharma, M. K., Shokair, T. M., Sibley, L., Sinclair, J. R., Singh, K., Skensved, P., Smiley, M., Sonley, T., Stainforth, R., Strait, M., Stringer, M. I., Svoboda, R., Sörensen, A., Tam, B., Tatar, J., Tian, L., Tolich, N., Tseng, J., Tseung, H. W. C., Turner, E., Van Berg, R., Veinot, J. G. C., Virtue, C. J., von Krosigk, B., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Walker, J. M. G., Walker, M., Walton, S. C., Wang, J., Ward, M., Wasalski, O., Waterfield, J., Weigand, J. J., White, R. F., Wilson, J. R., Winchester, T. J., Woosaree, P., Wright, A., Yanez, J. P., Yeh, M., Zhang, T., Zhang, Y., Zhao, T., Zuber, K., and Zummo, A.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

A liquid scintillator consisting of linear alkylbenzene as the solvent and 2,5-diphenyloxazole as the fluor was developed for the SNO+ experiment. This mixture was chosen as it is compatible with acrylic and has a competitive light yield to pre-existing liquid scintillators while conferring other advantages including longer attenuation lengths, superior safety characteristics, chemical simplicity, ease of handling, and logistical availability. Its properties have been extensively characterized and are presented here. This liquid scintillator is now used in several neutrino physics experiments in addition to SNO+., Comment: 21 pages, 10 figures

Published
2020
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3. Development, characterisation, and deployment of the SNO+ liquid scintillator

Author

Anderson, MR, Andringa, S, Anselmo, L, Arushanova, E, Asahi, S, Askins, M, Auty, DJ, Back, AR, Barnard, Z, Barros, N, Bartlett, D, Barão, F, Bayes, R, Beier, EW, Bialek, A, Biller, SD, Blucher, E, Bonventre, R, Boulay, M, Braid, D, Caden, E, Callaghan, EJ, Caravaca, J, Carvalho, J, Cavalli, L, Chauhan, D, Chen, M, Chkvorets, O, Clark, KJ, Cleveland, B, Cookman, D, Connors, C, Coulter, IT, Cox, MA, Cressy, D, Dai, X, Darrach, C, Davis-Purcell, B, Deluce, C, Depatie, MM, Descamps, F, Dittmer, J, Di Lodovico, F, Duhaime, N, Duncan, F, Dunger, J, Earle, AD, Fabris, D, Falk, E, Farrugia, A, Fatemighomi, N, Fischer, V, Fletcher, E, Ford, R, Frankiewicz, K, Gagnon, N, Gaur, A, Gilje, K, González-Reina, OI, Gooding, D, Gorel, P, Graham, K, Grant, C, Grove, J, Grullon, S, Guillian, E, Hall, S, Hallin, AL, Hallman, D, Hans, S, Hartnell, J, Harvey, P, Hedayatipour, M, Heintzelman, WJ, Heise, J, Helmer, RL, Horne, D, Hreljac, B, Hu, J, Hussain, SMA, Iida, T, Inácio, AS, Jackson, CM, Jelley, NA, Jillings, CJ, Jones, C, Jones, PG, Kamdin, K, Kaptanoglu, T, Kaspar, J, Keeter, K, Kefelian, C, Khaghani, P, Kippenbrock, L, Klein, JR, Knapik, R, Kofron, J, Kormos, LL, Korte, S, and Krar, B

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Physical Sciences, Double-beta decay detectors, Neutrino detectors, Scintillators, scintillation and light emission processes (solid, gas and liquid scintillators), Engineering, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Physical sciences
Abstract

A liquid scintillator consisting of linear alkylbenzene as the solvent and 2,5-diphenyloxazole as the fluor was developed for the SNO+ experiment. This mixture was chosen as it is compatible with acrylic and has a competitive light yield to pre-existing liquid scintillators while conferring other advantages including longer attenuation lengths, superior safety characteristics, chemical simplicity, ease of handling, and logistical availability. Its properties have been extensively characterized and are presented here. This liquid scintillator is now used in several neutrino physics experiments in addition to SNO+.

Published
2021

4. Emotional reactivity and cognitive performance in aversively motivated tasks: a comparison between four rat strains

Author

van Reenen Cornelis G, Schuurman Teun, van der Staay F Josef, and Korte S Mechiel

Subjects
Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract

Abstract Background Cognitive function might be affected by the subjects' emotional reactivity. We assessed whether behavior in different tests of emotional reactivity is correlated with performance in aversively motivated learning tasks, using four strains of rats generally considered to have a different emotional reactivity. Methods The performance of male Brown Norway, Lewis, Fischer 344, and Wistar Kyoto rats in open field (OF), elevated plus-maze (EPM), and circular light-dark preference box (cLDB) tasks, which are believed to provide measures of emotional reactivity, was evaluated. Spatial working and reference memory were assessed in two aversively motivated learning and memory tasks: the standard and the "repeated acquisition" versions of the Morris water maze escape task, respectively. All rats were also tested in a passive avoidance task. At the end of the study, levels of serotonin (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, and 5-HT turnover in the hippocampus and frontal cortex were determined. Results Strain differences showed a complex pattern across behavioral tests and serotonergic measures. Fischer 344 rats had the poorest performance in both versions of the Morris water escape task, whereas Brown Norway rats performed these tasks very well but the passive avoidance task poorly. Neither correlation analysis nor principal component analysis provided convincing support for the notion that OF, EPM, and cLDB tasks measure the same underlying trait. Conclusions Our findings do not support the hypothesis that the level of emotional reactivity modulates cognitive performance in aversively motivated tasks. Concepts such as "emotional reactivity" and "learning and memory" cannot adequately be tapped with only one behavioral test. Our results emphasize the need for multiple testing.

Published
2009
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5. Four-point probe measurements using current probes with voltage feedback to measure electric potentials

Author

Lüpke, F., Cuma, D., Korte, S., Cherepanov, V., and Voigtländer, B.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Condensed Matter - Other Condensed Matter
Abstract

We present a four-point probe resistance measurement technique which uses four equivalent current measuring units, resulting in minimal hardware requirements and corresponding sources of noise. Local sample potentials are measured by a software feedback loop which adjusts the corresponding tip voltage such that no current flows to the sample. The resulting tip voltage is then equivalent to the sample potential at the tip position. We implement this measurement method into a multi-tip scanning tunneling microscope setup such that potentials can also be measured in tunneling contact, allowing in principle truly non-invasive four-probe measurements. The resulting measurement capabilities are demonstrated for BiSbTe$_3$ and Si$(111)-(7\times7)$ samples.

Published
2017
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6. Scanning tunneling potentiometry implemented into a multi-tip setup by software

Author

Lüpke, F., Korte, S., Cherepanov, V., and Voigtländer, B.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

We present a multi-tip scanning tunneling potentiometry technique that can be implemented into existing multi-tip scanning tunneling microscopes without hardware changes. The resulting setup allows flexible in situ contacting of samples under UHV conditions and subsequent measurement of the sample topography and local electric potential with resolution down to \AA\ and \mu V, respectively. The performance of the potentiometry feedback is demonstrated by thermovoltage measurements on the Ag/Si$(111)-(\sqrt3\times\sqrt3)\rm R30^{\circ}$ surface by resolving a standing wave pattern. Subsequently, the ability to map the local transport field as a result of a lateral current through the sample surface is shown on Ag/Si$(111)-(\sqrt3\times\sqrt3)\rm R30^{\circ}$ and Si$(111)-(7\times7)$ surfaces.

Published
2015
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7. Current Status and Future Prospects of the SNO+ Experiment

Author

Collaboration, SNO, Andringa, S., Arushanova, E., Asahi, S., Askins, M., Auty, D. J., Back, A. R., Barnard, Z., Barros, N., Beier, E. W., Bialek, A., Biller, S. D., Blucher, E., Bonventre, R., Braid, D., Caden, E., Callaghan, E., Caravaca, J., Carvalho, J., Cavalli, L., Chauhan, D., Chen, M., Chkvorets, O., Clark, K., Cleveland, B., Coulter, I. T., Cressy, D., Dai, X., Darrach, C., Davis-Purcell, B., Deen, R., Depatie, M. M., Descamps, F., Di Lodovico, F., Duhaime, N., Duncan, F., Dunger, J., Falk, E., Fatemighomi, N., Ford, R., Gorel, P., Grant, C., Grullon, S., Guillian, E., Hallin, A. L., Hallman, D., Hans, S., Hartnell, J., Harvey, P., Hedayatipour, M., Heintzelman, W. J., Helmer, R. L., Hreljac, B., Hu, J., Iida, T., Jackson, C. M., Jelley, N. A., Jillings, C., Jones, C., Jones, P. G., Kamdin, K., Kaptanoglu, T., Kaspar, J., Keener, P., Khaghani, P., Kippenbrock, L., Klein, J. R., Knapik, R., Kofron, J. N., Kormos, L. L., Korte, S., Kraus, C., Krauss, C. B., Labe, K., Lam, I., Lan, C., Land, B. J., Langrock, S., LaTorre, A., Lawson, I., Lefeuvre, G. M., Leming, E. J., Lidgard, J., Liu, X., Liu, Y., Lozza, V., Maguire, S., Maio, A., Majumdar, K., Manecki, S., Maneira, J., Marzec, E., Mastbaum, A., McCauley, N., McDonald, A. B., McMillan, J. E., Mekarski, P., Miller, C., Mohan, Y., Mony, E., Mottram, M. J., Novikov, V., O'Keeffe, H. M., O'Sullivan, E., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Parnell, M. J., Peeters, S. J. M., Pershing, T., Petriw, Z., Prior, G., Prouty, J. C., Quirk, S., Reichold, A., Robertson, A., Rose, J., Rosero, R., Rost, P. M., Rumleskie, J., Schumaker, M. A., Schwendener, M. H., Scislowski, D., Secrest, J., Seddighin, M., Segui, L., Seibert, S., Shantz, T., Shokair, T. M., Sibley, L., Sinclair, J. R., Singh, K., Skensved, P., Soerensen, A., Sonley, T., Stainforth, R., Strait, M., Stringer, M. I., Svoboda, R., Tatar, J., Tian, L., Tolich, N., Tseng, J., Tseung, H. W. C., Van Berg, R., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Virtue, C., von Krosigk, B., Walker, J. M. G., Walker, M., Wasalski, O., Waterfield, J., White, R. F., Wilson, J. R., Winchester, T. J., Wright, A., Yeh, M., Zhao, T., and Zuber, K.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

SNO+ is a large liquid scintillator-based experiment located 2km underground at SNOLAB, Sudbury, Canada. It reuses the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory detector, consisting of a 12m diameter acrylic vessel which will be filled with about 780 tonnes of ultra-pure liquid scintillator. Designed as a multipurpose neutrino experiment, the primary goal of SNO+ is a search for the neutrinoless double-beta decay (0$\nu\beta\beta$) of 130Te. In Phase I, the detector will be loaded with 0.3% natural tellurium, corresponding to nearly 800 kg of 130Te, with an expected effective Majorana neutrino mass sensitivity in the region of 55-133 meV, just above the inverted mass hierarchy. Recently, the possibility of deploying up to ten times more natural tellurium has been investigated, which would enable SNO+ to achieve sensitivity deep into the parameter space for the inverted neutrino mass hierarchy in the future. Additionally, SNO+ aims to measure reactor antineutrino oscillations, low-energy solar neutrinos, and geoneutrinos, to be sensitive to supernova neutrinos, and to search for exotic physics. A first phase with the detector filled with water will begin soon, with the scintillator phase expected to start after a few months of water data taking. The 0$\nu\beta\beta$ Phase I is foreseen for 2017., Comment: Published in "Neutrino Masses and Oscillations" of Advances in High Energy Physics (Hindawi)

Published
2015
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8. Current Status and Future Prospects of the SNO+ Experiment

Author

Andringa, S, Arushanova, E, Asahi, S, Askins, M, Auty, DJ, Back, AR, Barnard, Z, Barros, N, Beier, EW, Bialek, A, Biller, SD, Blucher, E, Bonventre, R, Braid, D, Caden, E, Callaghan, E, Caravaca, J, Carvalho, J, Cavalli, L, Chauhan, D, Chen, M, Chkvorets, O, Clark, K, Cleveland, B, Coulter, IT, Cressy, D, Dai, X, Darrach, C, Davis-Purcell, B, Deen, R, Depatie, MM, Descamps, F, Di Lodovico, F, Duhaime, N, Duncan, F, Dunger, J, Falk, E, Fatemighomi, N, Ford, R, Gorel, P, Grant, C, Grullon, S, Guillian, E, Hallin, AL, Hallman, D, Hans, S, Hartnell, J, Harvey, P, Hedayatipour, M, Heintzelman, WJ, Helmer, RL, Hreljac, B, Hu, J, Iida, T, Jackson, CM, Jelley, NA, Jillings, C, Jones, C, Jones, PG, Kamdin, K, Kaptanoglu, T, Kaspar, J, Keener, P, Khaghani, P, Kippenbrock, L, Klein, JR, Knapik, R, Kofron, JN, Kormos, LL, Korte, S, Kraus, C, Krauss, CB, Labe, K, Lam, I, Lan, C, Land, BJ, Langrock, S, LaTorre, A, Lawson, I, Lefeuvre, GM, Leming, EJ, Lidgard, J, Liu, X, Liu, Y, Lozza, V, Maguire, S, Maio, A, Majumdar, K, Manecki, S, Maneira, J, Marzec, E, Mastbaum, A, McCauley, N, McDonald, AB, McMillan, JE, Mekarski, P, Miller, C, Mohan, Y, Mony, E, and Mottram, MJ

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, physics.ins-det, hep-ex, Mathematical Sciences, Mathematical sciences, Physical sciences
Abstract

SNO+ is a large liquid scintillator-based experiment located 2 km underground at SNOLAB, Sudbury, Canada. It reuses the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory detector, consisting of a 12 m diameter acrylic vessel which will be filled with about 780 tonnes of ultra-pure liquid scintillator. Designed as a multipurpose neutrino experiment, the primary goal of SNO+ is a search for the neutrinoless double-beta decay (0ββ) of 130Te. In Phase I, the detector will be loaded with 0.3% natural tellurium, corresponding to nearly 800 kg of 130Te, with an expected effective Majorana neutrino mass sensitivity in the region of 55-133 meV, just above the inverted mass hierarchy. Recently, the possibility of deploying up to ten times more natural tellurium has been investigated, which would enable SNO+ to achieve sensitivity deep into the parameter space for the inverted neutrino mass hierarchy in the future. Additionally, SNO+ aims to measure reactor antineutrino oscillations, low energy solar neutrinos, and geoneutrinos, to be sensitive to supernova neutrinos, and to search for exotic physics. A first phase with the detector filled with water will begin soon, with the scintillator phase expected to start after a few months of water data taking. The 0νββ Phase I is foreseen for 2017.

Published
2016

9. Etched graphene quantum dots on hexagonal boron nitride

Author

Engels, S., Epping, A., Volk, C., Korte, S., Voigtländer, B., Watanabe, K., Taniguchi, T., Trellenkamp, S., and Stampfer, C.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

We report on the fabrication and characterization of etched graphene quantum dots (QDs) on hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) and SiO2 with different island diameters. We perform a statistical analysis of Coulomb peak spacings over a wide energy range. For graphene QDs on hBN, the standard deviation of the normalized peak spacing distribution decreases with increasing QD diameter, whereas for QDs on SiO2 no diameter dependency is observed. In addition, QDs on hBN are more stable under the influence of perpendicular magnetic fields up to 9T. Both results indicate a substantially reduced substrate induced disorder potential in graphene QDs on hBN.

Published
2013
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12. A transnational comparative study of teachers’ experiences of remote teaching and learning during COVID-19 pandemic

Author

Korte, S.-M. (Satu-Maarit), Körkkö, M. (Minna), Kyrö-Ämmälä, O. (Outi), Hast, M. (Miia), Mommo, S. (Sanna), Paksuniemi, M. (Merja), Maxwell, G. (Gregor), Beaton, M. (Mhairi), Keskitalo, P. (Pigga), Korte, S.-M. (Satu-Maarit), Körkkö, M. (Minna), Kyrö-Ämmälä, O. (Outi), Hast, M. (Miia), Mommo, S. (Sanna), Paksuniemi, M. (Merja), Maxwell, G. (Gregor), Beaton, M. (Mhairi), and Keskitalo, P. (Pigga)

Abstract

This article presents the findings of an international comparative multiple-case study that examined the sudden change from classroom to remote online teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study specifically explored the experiences of teachers in Northern Finland, England, and Norway to provide new information about the education situation and to guide the description of the areas that should guide the education of future teachers. The data were collected in three different ways in three different contexts: via an online survey of in-service teachers in Lapland, Finland (N = 164), and through different semi-structured interviews with teachers in England (N = 20) and Northern Norway (N = 30). The data analysis was conducted in two phases. The first phase focused on teachers’ experiences in teaching and learning and the second phase on teachers’ challenges. The results voice the teachers’ desire for more education on online pedagogy and practicals, the pedagogical use of technology, and the significance of teacher collaboration. The findings can be used for the development of teacher education to ensure the dynamic digitalization of future teacher education programmes and policies.

Published
2023

13. Professional educators in the Circumpolar North:a model for the digital competence of future teachers

Author

Korte, S.-M. (Satu-Maarit), Körkkö, M. (Minna), Maxwell, G. (Gregor), Beaton, M. C. (Mhairi C.), Keskitalo, P. (Pigga), Hast, M. (Miia), Kyrö-Ämmälä, O. (Outi), Mommo, S. (Sanna), Korte, S.-M. (Satu-Maarit), Körkkö, M. (Minna), Maxwell, G. (Gregor), Beaton, M. C. (Mhairi C.), Keskitalo, P. (Pigga), Hast, M. (Miia), Kyrö-Ämmälä, O. (Outi), and Mommo, S. (Sanna)

Abstract

This article is based on a study that considers future teachers’ digital competencies in the Arctic education context with special attention to the necessary cultural and contextual dimensions of teachers’ work. This study explored the professional competencies teachers require when teaching diverse and multicultural pupils in the Circumpolar North drawing on the multiple affordances offered by the digital world. Previous research draws attention to specific teaching and teacher competencies required for rural schools in the Circumpolar North considering the unique assets and characteristics of rural places in this region. This study presents a model of Digital Competence for Future Teachers (DCFT) that illustrates the competencies required by teachers in rural schools in the Arctic. Within the proposed model, four types of digital knowledge-based competencies necessary for holistic education were identified: techno-cultural, intercultural, self-cultural, and micro-cultural. The model was created through a process of analysis of existing models of teachers’ digital competencies: MAP-, TPACK- and PEAT-models which are then reflected on the findings of an earlier international comparative multiple-case study by the same authors examining the sudden change to remote online teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the Cultural Competence for Equity and Inclusion (CCEI) framework. Although the presented study focused on the Circumpolar North, the findings have implications for teacher education and policy production more widely in national and international educational environments.

Published
2023

14. Professional educators in the Circumpolar North: A model for the digital competence of future teachers

Author

Korte, S-M, Körkkö, M, Maxwell, G, Beaton, M, Keskitalo, P, Hast, M, Kyrö-Ämmälä, O, Mommo, S, Korte, S-M, Körkkö, M, Maxwell, G, Beaton, M, Keskitalo, P, Hast, M, Kyrö-Ämmälä, O, and Mommo, S

Abstract

This article is based on a study that considers future teachers’ digital competencies in the Arctic education context with special attention to the necessary cultural and contextual dimensions of teachers’ work. This study explored the professional competencies teachers require when teaching diverse and multicultural pupils in the Circumpolar North drawing on the multiple affordances offered by the digital world. Previous research draws attention to specific teaching and teacher competencies required for rural schools in the Circumpolar North considering the unique assets and characteristics of rural places in this region. This study presents a model of Digital Competence for Future Teachers (DCFT) that illustrates the competencies required by teachers in rural schools in the Arctic. Within the proposed model, four types of digital knowledge-based competencies necessary for holistic education were identified: techno-cultural, intercultural, self-cultural, and micro-cultural. The model was created through a process of analysis of existing models of teachers’ digital competencies: MAP-, TPACK- and PEAT-models which are then reflected on the findings of an earlier international comparative multiple-case study by the same authors examining the sudden change to remote online teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the Cultural Competence for Equity and Inclusion (CCEI) framework. Although the presented study focused on the Circumpolar North, the findings have implications for teacher education and policy production more widely in national and international educational environments.

Published
2023

19. Teacher Education in the Frontline: Improving Teachers' Future Digital Competencies for the Enhancement of Learning Outcomes and to Promote Equality: Invited Policy Brief

Author

Korte, S-M, Burton, S, Keskitalo, P, Turunen, T, Beaton, M, Lee, C-KJ, Kong, S-C, Wang, L, Smith, D, Munday, J, Korte, S-M, Burton, S, Keskitalo, P, Turunen, T, Beaton, M, Lee, C-KJ, Kong, S-C, Wang, L, Smith, D, and Munday, J

Abstract

The rapid move to remote learning in 2020 caused by the COVID-19 pandemic created a challenge for all educational institutions. The pedagogy of online teaching is not usually included in teacher education, and the recent experiences of online education have revealed that many teachers have a lack of knowledge in online pedagogy and digital tools. There is also a variation in how educational institutions and personnel value the importance of digital education, with factors such as media, city or regional setting and community opinion often influencing educational decisions. Furthermore, even if teachers’ digital competencies are appreciated, the availability of digital devices varies substantially between schools. To achieve meaningful learning and improved learning outcomes through online education, future teachers need competencies in using digital tools and online pedagogical methods. In addition, they need to understand the move from web1.0 to web2.0 and the maker-culture in which the children and young people are living. Rural and Indigenous communities should have a strong presence in teacher education. Local languages and culture can be lost in English speaking online environments, and this is further hampered by expensive or limited access to the Internet. With these competencies and a critical understanding of the realities of online teaching and learning, future teachers can be equipped for their working lives in the coming decades and will be able to ensure educational equality for their students.

Published
2022

20. Touching the untouchables:pre-service teachers’ views about the rights of the child based on focus group discussions

Author

Paksuniemi, M. (Merja), Körkkö, M. (Minna), Korte, S.-M. (Satu-Maarit), Joona, T. (Tanja), Keskitalo, P. (Pigga), Paksuniemi, M. (Merja), Körkkö, M. (Minna), Korte, S.-M. (Satu-Maarit), Joona, T. (Tanja), and Keskitalo, P. (Pigga)

Abstract

This chapter discusses pre-service teachers’ views about the United Nations (UN) Convention on the Rights of the Child and how teachers perceive their connection to the educational context and their work. The authors argue that pre-service teachers’ perceptions determine how successfully human rights education is implemented in practice. The data were collected from workshops and focus group discussions conducted with 82 primary school pre-service teachers in Northern Finland. The participants noted that children’s rights are important and deeply connected to their work. However, they were insufficiently familiar with HRE concepts, and they were uncertain about whether it was acceptable to physically restrain children to protect them or others, as this could undermine a child’s rights. To adhere to the principles in the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, the topic must be included in the pre-service study syllabus, more clearly added to the curriculum, and implemented in teacher practice.

Published
2022

21. Pohjois-Suomen opettajien kokemuksia etäopetuksesta, teknologis-pedagogisesta osaamisesta sekä työn kuormittavuudesta COVID-19 pandemian aikana

Author

Korte, S.-M. (Satu-Maarit), Körkkö, M. (Minna), Paksuniemi, M. (Merja), Hast, M. (Miia), Mommo, S. (Sanna), Selkälä, A. (Arto), Keskitalo, P. (Pigga), Korte, S.-M. (Satu-Maarit), Körkkö, M. (Minna), Paksuniemi, M. (Merja), Hast, M. (Miia), Mommo, S. (Sanna), Selkälä, A. (Arto), and Keskitalo, P. (Pigga)

Abstract

Tiivistelmä Tässä artikkelissa tarkastelemme Lapin alueen opettajien etäopetukseen liittyviä kokemuksia COVID-19 -pandemian aikana. Opettajien etäopetuksen osaamistarpeiden tunnistamiseksi tutkimuksessa hyödynnetään kyselyaineistoa (N=164), joka on kerätty perusasteen ja toisen asteen opettajilta aikana, jolloin opettajat kohtasivat uusia pedagogisia haasteita etäopetukseen liittyen. Tutkimuksen tuloksia reflektoidaan teknologis-pedagogis-sisällöllisen tietämyksen mallin (TPACK) valossa. Tavoitteena on selvittää etäopetuksen toteuttamisen edellytyksiä ja haasteita opettajien osaamisen kannalta. Opettajien vastauksista voidaan päätellä, että kunnat olivat varautuneet etäopetukseen varsin eri tavoin. Joistakin kunnista etäopetuksen mahdollistavat työvälineet puuttuivat kokonaan. Opettajien työmäärän lisääntyminen ja heidän kokema työtyytyväisyys olivat yhteydessä käytössä olleisiin työnantajan antamiin digitaalisiin työvälineisiin. Opettajan perus- ja täydennyskoulutuksessa tulisi kiinnittää huomiota opettajien monipuolisen teknologis-pedagogista osaamisen kehittämiseen, jotta opettajat pystyvät toimimaan aktiivisesti erilaisissa muuttuvissa opetus- ja oppimiskonteksteissa. Tutkimus selventää opettajien teknologis-pedagogisen osaamisen ulottuvuuksia, joita kehitettiin edelleen TPACK-mallin pohjalta.

Published
2022

22. Experiences of remote teaching, technological pedagogical competencies and workload of teachers in northern Finland during the COVID-19 pandemic

Author

Korte, S.-M. (Satu-Maarit), Körkkö, M. (Minna), Paksuniemi, M. (Merja), Hast, M. (Miia), Mommo, S. (Sanna), Selkälä, A. (Arto), Keskitalo, P. (Pigga), Korte, S.-M. (Satu-Maarit), Körkkö, M. (Minna), Paksuniemi, M. (Merja), Hast, M. (Miia), Mommo, S. (Sanna), Selkälä, A. (Arto), and Keskitalo, P. (Pigga)

Abstract

In this study, we examine the experiences of teachers, particularly in relation to their remote teaching competencies, in the county of Lapland, North Finland, during the COVID-19 pandemic, as they face new pedagogical challenges in remote teaching. To identify the teachers’ competency needs in remote teaching, the study uses questionnaire data (N=164) collected from primary, secondary and upper secondary school teachers. The results of the systematic representative survey study are analysed using the technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) model to investigate the preconditions for and challenges in implementing remote teaching in terms of teachers’ competencies. The participants’ responses indicate that different municipalities prepared for remote teaching and learning in quite diverse ways. Some municipalities lacked the necessary tools for remote learning, and the workload increase and job satisfaction experienced by teachers were related to the digital tools provided by their employers. The development of teachers’ diverse competencies is pivotal in teacher education and in-service teacher training so that they can acquire the ability to take initiative and function well in diverse and changing educational contexts. This study outlines the dimensions of teachers’ technological pedagogical competencies that were further developed from the TPACK framework.

Published
2022

38. The SNO+ experiment

Author

Albanese, V., additional, Alves, R., additional, Anderson, M.R., additional, Andringa, S., additional, Anselmo, L., additional, Arushanova, E., additional, Asahi, S., additional, Askins, M., additional, Auty, D.J., additional, Back, A.R., additional, Back, S., additional, Barão, F., additional, Barnard, Z., additional, Barr, A., additional, Barros, N., additional, Bartlett, D., additional, Bayes, R., additional, Beaudoin, C., additional, Beier, E.W., additional, Berardi, G., additional, Bialek, A., additional, Biller, S.D., additional, Blucher, E., additional, Bonventre, R., additional, Boulay, M., additional, Braid, D., additional, Caden, E., additional, Callaghan, E.J., additional, Caravaca, J., additional, Carvalho, J., additional, Cavalli, L., additional, Chauhan, D., additional, Chen, M., additional, Chkvorets, O., additional, Clark, K.J., additional, Cleveland, B., additional, Connors, C., additional, Cookman, D., additional, Coulter, I.T., additional, Cox, M.A., additional, Cressy, D., additional, Dai, X., additional, Darrach, C., additional, Davis-Purcell, B., additional, Deluce, C., additional, Depatie, M.M., additional, Descamps, F., additional, Di Lodovico, F., additional, Dittmer, J., additional, Doxtator, A., additional, Duhaime, N., additional, Duncan, F., additional, Dunger, J., additional, Earle, A.D., additional, Fabris, D., additional, Falk, E., additional, Farrugia, A., additional, Fatemighomi, N., additional, Felber, C., additional, Fischer, V., additional, Fletcher, E., additional, Ford, R., additional, Frankiewicz, K., additional, Gagnon, N., additional, Gaur, A., additional, Gauthier, J., additional, Gibson-Foster, A., additional, Gilje, K., additional, González-Reina, O.I., additional, Gooding, D., additional, Gorel, P., additional, Graham, K., additional, Grant, C., additional, Grove, J., additional, Grullon, S., additional, Guillian, E., additional, Hall, S., additional, Hallin, A.L., additional, Hallman, D., additional, Hans, S., additional, Hartnell, J., additional, Harvey, P., additional, Hedayatipour, M., additional, Heintzelman, W.J., additional, Heise, J., additional, Helmer, R.L., additional, Hodak, B., additional, Hodak, M., additional, Hood, M., additional, Horne, D., additional, Hreljac, B., additional, Hu, J., additional, Hussain, S.M.A., additional, Iida, T., additional, Inácio, A.S., additional, Jackson, C.M., additional, Jelley, N.A., additional, Jillings, C.J., additional, Jones, C., additional, Jones, P.G., additional, Kamdin, K., additional, Kaptanoglu, T., additional, Kaspar, J., additional, Keeter, K., additional, Kefelian, C., additional, Khaghani, P., additional, Kippenbrock, L., additional, Klein, J.R., additional, Knapik, R., additional, Kofron, J., additional, Kormos, L.L., additional, Korte, S., additional, Krar, B., additional, Kraus, C., additional, Krauss, C.B., additional, Kroupová, T., additional, Labe, K., additional, Lafleur, F., additional, Lam, I., additional, Lan, C., additional, Land, B.J., additional, Lane, R., additional, Langrock, S., additional, Larochelle, P., additional, Larose, S., additional, LaTorre, A., additional, Lawson, I., additional, Lebanowski, L., additional, Lefeuvre, G.M., additional, Leming, E.J., additional, Li, A., additional, Li, O., additional, Lidgard, J., additional, Liggins, B., additional, Liimatainen, P., additional, Lin, Y.H., additional, Liu, X., additional, Liu, Y., additional, Lozza, V., additional, Luo, M., additional, Maguire, S., additional, Maio, A., additional, Majumdar, K., additional, Manecki, S., additional, Maneira, J., additional, Martin, R.D., additional, Marzec, E., additional, Mastbaum, A., additional, Mathewson, A., additional, McCauley, N., additional, McDonald, A.B., additional, McFarlane, K., additional, Mekarski, P., additional, Meyer, M., additional, Miller, C., additional, Mills, C., additional, Mlejnek, M., additional, Mony, E., additional, Morissette, B., additional, Morton-Blake, I., additional, Mottram, M.J., additional, Nae, S., additional, Nirkko, M., additional, Nolan, L.J., additional, Novikov, V.M., additional, O'Keeffe, H.M., additional, O'Sullivan, E., additional, Orebi Gann, G.D., additional, Parnell, M.J., additional, Paton, J., additional, Peeters, S.J.M., additional, Pershing, T., additional, Petriw, Z., additional, Petzoldt, J., additional, Pickard, L., additional, Pracsovics, D., additional, Prior, G., additional, Prouty, J.C., additional, Quirk, S., additional, Read, S., additional, Reichold, A., additional, Riccetto, S., additional, Richardson, R., additional, Rigan, M., additional, Ritchie, I., additional, Robertson, A., additional, Robertson, B.C., additional, Rose, J., additional, Rosero, R., additional, Rost, P.M., additional, Rumleskie, J., additional, Schumaker, M.A., additional, Schwendener, M.H., additional, Scislowski, D., additional, Secrest, J., additional, Seddighin, M., additional, Segui, L., additional, Seibert, S., additional, Semenec, I., additional, Shaker, F., additional, Shantz, T., additional, Sharma, M.K., additional, Shokair, T.M., additional, Sibley, L., additional, Sinclair, J.R., additional, Singh, K., additional, Skensved, P., additional, Smiley, M., additional, Sonley, T., additional, Sörensen, A., additional, St-Amant, M., additional, Stainforth, R., additional, Stankiewicz, S., additional, Strait, M., additional, Stringer, M.I., additional, Stripay, A., additional, Svoboda, R., additional, Tacchino, S., additional, Tam, B., additional, Tanguay, C., additional, Tatar, J., additional, Tian, L., additional, Tolich, N., additional, Tseng, J., additional, Tseung, H.W.C., additional, Turner, E., additional, Van Berg, R., additional, Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., additional, Veinot, J.G.C., additional, Virtue, C.J., additional, von Krosigk, B., additional, Walker, J.M.G., additional, Walker, M., additional, Wallig, J., additional, Walton, S.C., additional, Wang, J., additional, Ward, M., additional, Wasalski, O., additional, Waterfield, J., additional, Weigand, J.J., additional, White, R.F., additional, Wilson, J.R., additional, Winchester, T.J., additional, Woosaree, P., additional, Wright, A., additional, Yanez, J.P., additional, Yeh, M., additional, Zhang, T., additional, Zhang, Y., additional, Zhao, T., additional, Zuber, K., additional, and Zummo, A., additional

Published
2021
Full Text
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39. The continued need for animals to advance brain research

Author

Homberg, Judith R., primary, Adan, Roger A.H., additional, Alenina, Natalia, additional, Asiminas, Antonis, additional, Bader, Michael, additional, Beckers, Tom, additional, Begg, Denovan P., additional, Blokland, Arjan, additional, Burger, Marilise E., additional, van Dijk, Gertjan, additional, Eisel, Ulrich L.M., additional, Elgersma, Ype, additional, Englitz, Bernhard, additional, Fernandez-Ruiz, Antonio, additional, Fitzsimons, Carlos P., additional, van Dam, Anne-Marie, additional, Gass, Peter, additional, Grandjean, Joanes, additional, Havekes, Robbert, additional, Henckens, Marloes J.A.G., additional, Herden, Christiane, additional, Hut, Roelof A., additional, Jarrett, Wendy, additional, Jeffrey, Kate, additional, Jezova, Daniela, additional, Kalsbeek, Andries, additional, Kamermans, Maarten, additional, Kas, Martien J., additional, Kasri, Nael Nadif, additional, Kiliaan, Amanda J., additional, Kolk, Sharon M., additional, Korosi, Aniko, additional, Korte, S. Mechiel, additional, Kozicz, Tamas, additional, Kushner, Steven A., additional, Leech, Kirk, additional, Lesch, Klaus-Peter, additional, Lesscher, Heidi, additional, Lucassen, Paul J., additional, Luthi, Anita, additional, Ma, Liya, additional, Mallien, Anne S., additional, Meerlo, Peter, additional, Mejias, Jorge F., additional, Meye, Frank J., additional, Mitchell, Anna S., additional, Mul, Joram D., additional, Olcese, Umberto, additional, González, Azahara Oliva, additional, Olivier, Jocelien D.A., additional, Pasqualetti, Massimo, additional, Pennartz, Cyriel M.A., additional, Popik, Piotr, additional, Prickaerts, Jos, additional, de la Prida, Liset M., additional, Ribeiro, Sidarta, additional, Roozendaal, Benno, additional, Rossato, Janine I., additional, Salari, Ali-Akbar, additional, Schoemaker, Regien G., additional, Smit, August B., additional, Vanderschuren, Louk J.M.J., additional, Takeuchi, Tomonori, additional, van der Veen, Rixt, additional, Smidt, Marten P., additional, Vyazovskiy, Vladyslav V., additional, Wiesmann, Maximilian, additional, Wierenga, Corette J., additional, Williams, Bella, additional, Willuhn, Ingo, additional, Wöhr, Markus, additional, Wolvekamp, Monique, additional, van der Zee, Eddy A., additional, and Genzel, Lisa, additional

Published
2021
Full Text
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40. The SNO+ Experiment

Author

Collaboration, SNO+, Albanese, V., Alves, R., Anderson, M. R., Andringa, S., Anselmo, L., Arushanova, E., Asahi, S., Askins, M., Auty, D. J., Back, A. R., Back, S., Bar��o, F., Barnard, Z., Barr, A., Barros, N., Bartlett, D., Bayes, R., Beaudoin, C., Beier, E. W., Berardi, G., Bialek, A., Biller, S. D., Blucher, E., Bonventre, R., Boulay, M., Braid, D., Caden, E., Callaghan, E. J., Caravaca, J., Carvalho, J., Cavalli, L., Chauhan, D., Chen, M., Chkvorets, O., Clark, K. J., Cleveland, B., Connors, C., Cookman, D., Coulter, I. T., Cox, M. A., Cressy, D., Dai, X., Darrach, C., Davis-Purcell, B., Deluce, C., Depatie, M. M., Descamps, F., Di Lodovico, F., Dittmer, J., Doxtator, A., Duhaime, N., Duncan, F., Dunger, J., Earle, A. D., Fabris, D., Falk, E., Farrugia, A., Fatemighomi, N., Felber, C., Fischer, V., Fletcher, E., Ford, R., Frankiewicz, K., Gagnon, N., Gaur, A., Gauthier, J., Gibson-Foster, A., Gilje, K., Gonz��lez-Reina, O. I., Gooding, D., Gorel, P., Graham, K., Grant, C., Grove, J., Grullon, S., Guillian, E., Hall, S., Hallin, A. L., Hallman, D., Hans, S., Hartnell, J., Harvey, P., Hedayatipour, M., Heintzelman, W. J., Heise, J., Helmer, R. L., Hodak, B., Hodak, M., Hood, M., Horne, D., Hreljac, B., Hu, J., Hussain, S. M. A., Iida, T., In��cio, A. S., Jackson, C. M., Jelley, N. A., Jillings, C. J., Jones, C., Jones, P. G., Kamdin, K., Kaptanoglu, T., Kaspar, J., Keeter, K., Kefelian, C., Khaghani, P., Kippenbrock, L., Klein, J. R., Knapik, R., Kofron, J., Kormos, L. L., Korte, S., Krar, B., Kraus, C., Krauss, C. B., Kroupov��, T., Labe, K., Lafleur, F., Lam, I., Lan, C., Land, B. J., Lane, R., Langrock, S., Larochelle, P., Larose, S., LaTorre, A., Lawson, I., Lebanowski, L., Lefeuvre, G. M., Leming, E. J., Li, A., Li, O., Lidgard, J., Liggins, B., Liimatainen, P., Lin, Y. H., Liu, X., Liu, Y., Lozza, V., Luo, M., Maguire, S., Maio, A., Majumdar, K., Manecki, S., Maneira, J., Martin, R. D., Marzec, E., Mastbaum, A., Mathewson, A., McCauley, N., McDonald, A. B., McFarlane, K., Mekarski, P., Meyer, M., Miller, C., Mills, C., Mlejnek, M., Mony, E., Morissette, B., Morton-Blake, I., Mottram, M. J., Nae, S., Nirkko, M., Nolan, L. J., Novikov, V. M., O'Keeffe, H. M., O'Sullivan, E., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Parnell, M. J., Paton, J., Peeters, S. J. M., Pershing, T., Petriw, Z., Petzoldt, J., Pickard, L., Pracsovics, D., Prior, G., Prouty, J. C., Quirk, S., Read, S., Reichold, A., Riccetto, S., Richardson, R., Rigan, M., Ritchie, I., Robertson, A., Robertson, B. C., Rose, J., Rosero, R., Rost, P. M., Rumleskie, J., Schumaker, M. A., Schwendener, M. H., Scislowski, D., Secrest, J., Seddighin, M., Segui, L., Seibert, S., Semenec, I., Shaker, F., Shantz, T., Sharma, M. K., Shokair, T. M., Sibley, L., Sinclair, J. R., Singh, K., Skensved, P., Smiley, M., Sonley, T., S��rensen, A., St-Amant, M., Stainforth, R., Stankiewicz, S., Strait, M., Stringer, M. I., Stripay, A., Svoboda, R., Tacchino, S., Tam, B., Tanguay, C., Tatar, J., Tian, L., Tolich, N., Tseng, J., Tseung, H. W. C., Turner, E., Van Berg, R., V��zquez-J��uregui, E., Veinot, J. G. C., Virtue, C. J., von Krosigk, B., Walker, J. M. G., Walker, M., Wallig, J., Walton, S. C., Wang, J., Ward, M., Wasalski, O., Waterfield, J., Weigand, J. J., White, R. F., Wilson, J. R., Winchester, T. J., Woosaree, P., Wright, A., Yanez, J. P., Yeh, M., Zhang, T., Zhang, Y., Zhao, T., Zuber, K., and Zummo, A.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The SNO+ experiment is located 2 km underground at SNOLAB in Sudbury, Canada. A low background search for neutrinoless double beta ($0������$) decay will be conducted using 780 tonnes of liquid scintillator loaded with 3.9 tonnes of natural tellurium, corresponding to 1.3 tonnes of $^{130}$Te. This paper provides a general overview of the SNO+ experiment, including detector design, construction of process plants, commissioning efforts, electronics upgrades, data acquisition systems, and calibration techniques. The SNO+ collaboration is reusing the acrylic vessel, PMT array, and electronics of the SNO detector, having made a number of experimental upgrades and essential adaptations for use with the liquid scintillator. With low backgrounds and a low energy threshold, the SNO+ collaboration will also pursue a rich physics program beyond the search for $0������$ decay, including studies of geo- and reactor antineutrinos, supernova and solar neutrinos, and exotic physics such as the search for invisible nucleon decay. The SNO+ approach to the search for $0������$ decay is scalable: a future phase with high $^{130}$Te-loading is envisioned to probe an effective Majorana mass in the inverted mass ordering region., 61 pages, 23 figures, 4 tables

Published
2021
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41. The continued need for animals to advance brain research

Author

Homberg, Judith R, Adan, Roger A H, Alenina, Natalia, Asiminas, Antonis, Bader, Michael, Beckers, Tom, Begg, Denovan P, Blokland, Arjan, Burger, Marilise E, van Dijk, Gertjan, Eisel, Ulrich L M, Elgersma, Ype, Englitz, Bernhard, Fernandez-Ruiz, Antonio, Fitzsimons, Carlos P, van Dam, Anne-Marie, Gass, Peter, Grandjean, Joanes, Havekes, Robbert, Henckens, Marloes J A G, Herden, Christiane, Hut, Roelof A, Jarrett, Wendy, Jeffrey, Kate, Jezova, Daniela, Kalsbeek, Andries, Kamermans, Maarten, Kas, Martien J, Kasri, Nael Nadif, Kiliaan, Amanda J, Kolk, Sharon M, Korosi, Aniko, Korte, S Mechiel, Kozicz, Tamas, Kushner, Steven A, Leech, Kirk, Lesch, Klaus-Peter, Lesscher, Heidi, Lucassen, Paul J, Luthi, Anita, Ma, Liya, Mallien, Anne S, Meerlo, Peter, Mejias, Jorge F, Meye, Frank J, Mitchell, Anna S, Mul, Joram D, Olcese, Umberto, González, Azahara Oliva, Olivier, Jocelien D A, Pasqualetti, Massimo, Pennartz, Cyriel M A, Popik, Piotr, Prickaerts, Jos, de la Prida, Liset M, Ribeiro, Sidarta, Roozendaal, Benno, Rossato, Janine I, Salari, Ali-Akbar, Schoemaker, Regien G, Smit, August B, Vanderschuren, Louk J M J, Takeuchi, Tomonori, van der Veen, Rixt, Smidt, Marten P, Vyazovskiy, Vladyslav V, Wiesmann, Maximilian, Wierenga, Corette J, Williams, Bella, Willuhn, Ingo, Wöhr, Markus, Wolvekamp, Monique, van der Zee, Eddy A, Genzel, Lisa, Homberg, Judith R, Adan, Roger A H, Alenina, Natalia, Asiminas, Antonis, Bader, Michael, Beckers, Tom, Begg, Denovan P, Blokland, Arjan, Burger, Marilise E, van Dijk, Gertjan, Eisel, Ulrich L M, Elgersma, Ype, Englitz, Bernhard, Fernandez-Ruiz, Antonio, Fitzsimons, Carlos P, van Dam, Anne-Marie, Gass, Peter, Grandjean, Joanes, Havekes, Robbert, Henckens, Marloes J A G, Herden, Christiane, Hut, Roelof A, Jarrett, Wendy, Jeffrey, Kate, Jezova, Daniela, Kalsbeek, Andries, Kamermans, Maarten, Kas, Martien J, Kasri, Nael Nadif, Kiliaan, Amanda J, Kolk, Sharon M, Korosi, Aniko, Korte, S Mechiel, Kozicz, Tamas, Kushner, Steven A, Leech, Kirk, Lesch, Klaus-Peter, Lesscher, Heidi, Lucassen, Paul J, Luthi, Anita, Ma, Liya, Mallien, Anne S, Meerlo, Peter, Mejias, Jorge F, Meye, Frank J, Mitchell, Anna S, Mul, Joram D, Olcese, Umberto, González, Azahara Oliva, Olivier, Jocelien D A, Pasqualetti, Massimo, Pennartz, Cyriel M A, Popik, Piotr, Prickaerts, Jos, de la Prida, Liset M, Ribeiro, Sidarta, Roozendaal, Benno, Rossato, Janine I, Salari, Ali-Akbar, Schoemaker, Regien G, Smit, August B, Vanderschuren, Louk J M J, Takeuchi, Tomonori, van der Veen, Rixt, Smidt, Marten P, Vyazovskiy, Vladyslav V, Wiesmann, Maximilian, Wierenga, Corette J, Williams, Bella, Willuhn, Ingo, Wöhr, Markus, Wolvekamp, Monique, van der Zee, Eddy A, and Genzel, Lisa

Abstract

Policymakers aim to move toward animal-free alternatives for scientific research and have introduced very strict regulations for animal research. We argue that, for neuroscience research, until viable and translational alternatives become available and the value of these alternatives has been proven, the use of animals should not be compromised.

Published
2021

42. Development, characterisation, and deployment of the SNO+ liquid scintillator

Author

Anderson, Anderson, MR, Andringa, S, Anselmo, L, Arushanova, E, Asahi, S, Askins, M, Auty, DJ, Back, AR, Barnard, Z, Barros, N, Bartlett, D, Barao, F, Bayes, R, Beier, EW, Bialek, A, Biller, SD, Blucher, E, Bonventre, R, Boulay, M, Braid, D, Caden, E, Callaghan, EJ, Caravaca, J, Carvalho, J, Cavalli, L, Chauhan, D, Chen, M, Chkvorets, O, Clark, KJ, Cleveland, B, Cookman, D, Connors, C, Coulter, IT, Cox, MA, Cressy, D, Dai, X, Darrach, C, Davis-Purcell, B, Deluce, C, Depatie, MM, Descamps, F, Dittmer, J, Di Lodovico, F, Duhaime, N, Duncan, F, Dunger, J, Earle, AD, Fabris, D, Falk, E, Farrugia, A, Fatemighomi, N, Fischer, V, Fletcher, E, Ford, R, Frankiewicz, K, Gagnon, N, Gaur, A, Gilje, K, González-Reina, OI, Gooding, D, Gorel, P, Graham, K, Grant, C, Grove, J, Grullon, S, Guillian, E, Hall, S, Hallin, AL, Hallman, D, Hans, S, Hartnell, J, Harvey, P, Hedayatipour, M, Heintzelman, WJ, Heise, J, Helmer, RL, Horne, D, Hreljac, B, Hu, J, Hussain, SMA, Iida, T, Inácio, AS, Jackson, CM, Jelley, NA, Jillings, CJ, Jones, C, Jones, PG, Kamdin, K, Kaptanoglu, T, Kaspar, J, Keeter, K, Kefelian, C, Khaghani, P, Kippenbrock, L, Klein, JR, Knapik, R, Kofron, J, Kormos, LL, Korte, S, Krar, B, Anderson, Anderson, MR, Andringa, S, Anselmo, L, Arushanova, E, Asahi, S, Askins, M, Auty, DJ, Back, AR, Barnard, Z, Barros, N, Bartlett, D, Barao, F, Bayes, R, Beier, EW, Bialek, A, Biller, SD, Blucher, E, Bonventre, R, Boulay, M, Braid, D, Caden, E, Callaghan, EJ, Caravaca, J, Carvalho, J, Cavalli, L, Chauhan, D, Chen, M, Chkvorets, O, Clark, KJ, Cleveland, B, Cookman, D, Connors, C, Coulter, IT, Cox, MA, Cressy, D, Dai, X, Darrach, C, Davis-Purcell, B, Deluce, C, Depatie, MM, Descamps, F, Dittmer, J, Di Lodovico, F, Duhaime, N, Duncan, F, Dunger, J, Earle, AD, Fabris, D, Falk, E, Farrugia, A, Fatemighomi, N, Fischer, V, Fletcher, E, Ford, R, Frankiewicz, K, Gagnon, N, Gaur, A, Gilje, K, González-Reina, OI, Gooding, D, Gorel, P, Graham, K, Grant, C, Grove, J, Grullon, S, Guillian, E, Hall, S, Hallin, AL, Hallman, D, Hans, S, Hartnell, J, Harvey, P, Hedayatipour, M, Heintzelman, WJ, Heise, J, Helmer, RL, Horne, D, Hreljac, B, Hu, J, Hussain, SMA, Iida, T, Inácio, AS, Jackson, CM, Jelley, NA, Jillings, CJ, Jones, C, Jones, PG, Kamdin, K, Kaptanoglu, T, Kaspar, J, Keeter, K, Kefelian, C, Khaghani, P, Kippenbrock, L, Klein, JR, Knapik, R, Kofron, J, Kormos, LL, Korte, S, and Krar, B

Abstract

A liquid scintillator consisting of linear alkylbenzene as the solvent and 2,5-diphenyloxazole as the fluor was developed for the SNO+ experiment. This mixture was chosen as it is compatible with acrylic and has a competitive light yield to pre-existing liquid scintillators while conferring other advantages including longer attenuation lengths, superior safety characteristics, chemical simplicity, ease of handling, and logistical availability. Its properties have been extensively characterized and are presented here. This liquid scintillator is now used in several neutrino physics experiments in addition to SNO+.

Published
2021

43. The continued need for animals to advance brain research

Author

Afd Pharmacology, AISS Behaviour Neuroscience, dASS BW-1, Sub Cell Biology, Pharmacology, Celbiologie, Homberg, Judith R, Adan, Roger A H, Alenina, Natalia, Asiminas, Antonis, Bader, Michael, Beckers, Tom, Begg, Denovan P, Blokland, Arjan, Burger, Marilise E, van Dijk, Gertjan, Eisel, Ulrich L M, Elgersma, Ype, Englitz, Bernhard, Fernandez-Ruiz, Antonio, Fitzsimons, Carlos P, van Dam, Anne-Marie, Gass, Peter, Grandjean, Joanes, Havekes, Robbert, Henckens, Marloes J A G, Herden, Christiane, Hut, Roelof A, Jarrett, Wendy, Jeffrey, Kate, Jezova, Daniela, Kalsbeek, Andries, Kamermans, Maarten, Kas, Martien J, Kasri, Nael Nadif, Kiliaan, Amanda J, Kolk, Sharon M, Korosi, Aniko, Korte, S Mechiel, Kozicz, Tamas, Kushner, Steven A, Leech, Kirk, Lesch, Klaus-Peter, Lesscher, Heidi, Lucassen, Paul J, Luthi, Anita, Ma, Liya, Mallien, Anne S, Meerlo, Peter, Mejias, Jorge F, Meye, Frank J, Mitchell, Anna S, Mul, Joram D, Olcese, Umberto, González, Azahara Oliva, Olivier, Jocelien D A, Pasqualetti, Massimo, Pennartz, Cyriel M A, Popik, Piotr, Prickaerts, Jos, de la Prida, Liset M, Ribeiro, Sidarta, Roozendaal, Benno, Rossato, Janine I, Salari, Ali-Akbar, Schoemaker, Regien G, Smit, August B, Vanderschuren, Louk J M J, Takeuchi, Tomonori, van der Veen, Rixt, Smidt, Marten P, Vyazovskiy, Vladyslav V, Wiesmann, Maximilian, Wierenga, Corette J, Williams, Bella, Willuhn, Ingo, Wöhr, Markus, Wolvekamp, Monique, van der Zee, Eddy A, Genzel, Lisa, Afd Pharmacology, AISS Behaviour Neuroscience, dASS BW-1, Sub Cell Biology, Pharmacology, Celbiologie, Homberg, Judith R, Adan, Roger A H, Alenina, Natalia, Asiminas, Antonis, Bader, Michael, Beckers, Tom, Begg, Denovan P, Blokland, Arjan, Burger, Marilise E, van Dijk, Gertjan, Eisel, Ulrich L M, Elgersma, Ype, Englitz, Bernhard, Fernandez-Ruiz, Antonio, Fitzsimons, Carlos P, van Dam, Anne-Marie, Gass, Peter, Grandjean, Joanes, Havekes, Robbert, Henckens, Marloes J A G, Herden, Christiane, Hut, Roelof A, Jarrett, Wendy, Jeffrey, Kate, Jezova, Daniela, Kalsbeek, Andries, Kamermans, Maarten, Kas, Martien J, Kasri, Nael Nadif, Kiliaan, Amanda J, Kolk, Sharon M, Korosi, Aniko, Korte, S Mechiel, Kozicz, Tamas, Kushner, Steven A, Leech, Kirk, Lesch, Klaus-Peter, Lesscher, Heidi, Lucassen, Paul J, Luthi, Anita, Ma, Liya, Mallien, Anne S, Meerlo, Peter, Mejias, Jorge F, Meye, Frank J, Mitchell, Anna S, Mul, Joram D, Olcese, Umberto, González, Azahara Oliva, Olivier, Jocelien D A, Pasqualetti, Massimo, Pennartz, Cyriel M A, Popik, Piotr, Prickaerts, Jos, de la Prida, Liset M, Ribeiro, Sidarta, Roozendaal, Benno, Rossato, Janine I, Salari, Ali-Akbar, Schoemaker, Regien G, Smit, August B, Vanderschuren, Louk J M J, Takeuchi, Tomonori, van der Veen, Rixt, Smidt, Marten P, Vyazovskiy, Vladyslav V, Wiesmann, Maximilian, Wierenga, Corette J, Williams, Bella, Willuhn, Ingo, Wöhr, Markus, Wolvekamp, Monique, van der Zee, Eddy A, and Genzel, Lisa

Published
2021

44. The continued need for animals to advance brain research

Author

Homberg, Judith R., Adan, Roger A. H., Alenina, Natalia, Asiminas, Antonis, Bader, Michael, Beckers, Tom, Begg, Denovan P., Blokland, Arjan, Burger, Marilise E., van Dijk, Gertjan, Eisel, Ulrich L. M., Elgersma, Ype, Englitz, Bernhard, Fernandez-Ruiz, Antonio, Fitzsimons, Carlos P., van Dam, Anne-Marie, Gass, Peter, Grandjean, Joanes, Havekes, Robbert, Henckens, Marloes J. A. G., Herden, Christiane, Hut, Roelof A., Jarrett, Wendy, Jeffrey, Kate, Jezova, Daniela, Kalsbeek, Andries, Kamermans, Maarten, Kas, Martien J., Kasri, Nael Nadif, Kiliaan, Amanda J., Kolk, Sharon M., Korosi, Aniko, Korte, S. Mechiel, Kozicz, Tamas, Kushner, Steven A., Leech, Kirk, Leech, Klaus-Peter, Lesscher, Heidi, Lucassen, Paul J., Luthi, Anita, Ma, Liya, Mallien, Anne S., Meerlo, Peter, Mejias, Jorge F., Meye, Frank J., Mitchell, Anna S., Mul, Joram D., Olcese, Umberto, Gonzalez, Azahara Oliva, Oliver, Jocelien D. A., Pasqualetti, Massimo, Pennartz, CyrielM. A., Popik, Piotr, Prickaerts, Jos, de la Prida, Liset M., Ribeiro, Sidarta, Roozendaal, Benn, Rossato, Janine I., Salari, Ali-Akbar, Schoemaker, Regien G., Smit, August B., Takeuchi, Tomonori, van der Veen, Rixt, Smidt, Marten P., V. Vyazovskiy, Vladyslav, Wiesmann, Maximilian, Wierenga, Corette J., Williams, Bella, Willuhn, Ingo, Woehr, Markus, Wolvekamp, Monique, van der Zee, Eddy A., Genzel, Lisa, Vanderschuren, Louk J. M. J., Homberg, Judith R., Adan, Roger A. H., Alenina, Natalia, Asiminas, Antonis, Bader, Michael, Beckers, Tom, Begg, Denovan P., Blokland, Arjan, Burger, Marilise E., van Dijk, Gertjan, Eisel, Ulrich L. M., Elgersma, Ype, Englitz, Bernhard, Fernandez-Ruiz, Antonio, Fitzsimons, Carlos P., van Dam, Anne-Marie, Gass, Peter, Grandjean, Joanes, Havekes, Robbert, Henckens, Marloes J. A. G., Herden, Christiane, Hut, Roelof A., Jarrett, Wendy, Jeffrey, Kate, Jezova, Daniela, Kalsbeek, Andries, Kamermans, Maarten, Kas, Martien J., Kasri, Nael Nadif, Kiliaan, Amanda J., Kolk, Sharon M., Korosi, Aniko, Korte, S. Mechiel, Kozicz, Tamas, Kushner, Steven A., Leech, Kirk, Leech, Klaus-Peter, Lesscher, Heidi, Lucassen, Paul J., Luthi, Anita, Ma, Liya, Mallien, Anne S., Meerlo, Peter, Mejias, Jorge F., Meye, Frank J., Mitchell, Anna S., Mul, Joram D., Olcese, Umberto, Gonzalez, Azahara Oliva, Oliver, Jocelien D. A., Pasqualetti, Massimo, Pennartz, CyrielM. A., Popik, Piotr, Prickaerts, Jos, de la Prida, Liset M., Ribeiro, Sidarta, Roozendaal, Benn, Rossato, Janine I., Salari, Ali-Akbar, Schoemaker, Regien G., Smit, August B., Takeuchi, Tomonori, van der Veen, Rixt, Smidt, Marten P., V. Vyazovskiy, Vladyslav, Wiesmann, Maximilian, Wierenga, Corette J., Williams, Bella, Willuhn, Ingo, Woehr, Markus, Wolvekamp, Monique, van der Zee, Eddy A., Genzel, Lisa, and Vanderschuren, Louk J. M. J.

Abstract

C Policymakers aim to move toward animal-free alternatives for scientific research and have introduced very strict regulations for animal research. We argue that, for neuroscience research, until viable and translational alternatives become available and the value of these alternatives has been proven, the use of animals should not be compromised.

Published
2021

45. The continued need for animals to advance brain research

Author

TN groep Adan, Brain, TN groep Meye, Homberg, Judith R, Adan, Roger A H, Alenina, Natalia, Asiminas, Antonis, Bader, Michael, Beckers, Tom, Begg, Denovan P, Blokland, Arjan, Burger, Marilise E, van Dijk, Gertjan, Eisel, Ulrich L M, Elgersma, Ype, Englitz, Bernhard, Fernandez-Ruiz, Antonio, Fitzsimons, Carlos P, van Dam, Anne-Marie, Gass, Peter, Grandjean, Joanes, Havekes, Robbert, Henckens, Marloes J A G, Herden, Christiane, Hut, Roelof A, Jarrett, Wendy, Jeffrey, Kate, Jezova, Daniela, Kalsbeek, Andries, Kamermans, Maarten, Kas, Martien J, Kasri, Nael Nadif, Kiliaan, Amanda J, Kolk, Sharon M, Korosi, Aniko, Korte, S Mechiel, Kozicz, Tamas, Kushner, Steven A, Leech, Kirk, Lesch, Klaus-Peter, Lesscher, Heidi, Lucassen, Paul J, Luthi, Anita, Ma, Liya, Mallien, Anne S, Meerlo, Peter, Mejias, Jorge F, Meye, Frank J, Mitchell, Anna S, Mul, Joram D, Olcese, Umberto, González, Azahara Oliva, Olivier, Jocelien D A, Pasqualetti, Massimo, Pennartz, Cyriel M A, Popik, Piotr, Prickaerts, Jos, de la Prida, Liset M, Ribeiro, Sidarta, Roozendaal, Benno, Rossato, Janine I, Salari, Ali-Akbar, Schoemaker, Regien G, Smit, August B, Vanderschuren, Louk J M J, Takeuchi, Tomonori, van der Veen, Rixt, Smidt, Marten P, Vyazovskiy, Vladyslav V, Wiesmann, Maximilian, Wierenga, Corette J, Williams, Bella, Willuhn, Ingo, Wöhr, Markus, Wolvekamp, Monique, van der Zee, Eddy A, Genzel, Lisa, TN groep Adan, Brain, TN groep Meye, Homberg, Judith R, Adan, Roger A H, Alenina, Natalia, Asiminas, Antonis, Bader, Michael, Beckers, Tom, Begg, Denovan P, Blokland, Arjan, Burger, Marilise E, van Dijk, Gertjan, Eisel, Ulrich L M, Elgersma, Ype, Englitz, Bernhard, Fernandez-Ruiz, Antonio, Fitzsimons, Carlos P, van Dam, Anne-Marie, Gass, Peter, Grandjean, Joanes, Havekes, Robbert, Henckens, Marloes J A G, Herden, Christiane, Hut, Roelof A, Jarrett, Wendy, Jeffrey, Kate, Jezova, Daniela, Kalsbeek, Andries, Kamermans, Maarten, Kas, Martien J, Kasri, Nael Nadif, Kiliaan, Amanda J, Kolk, Sharon M, Korosi, Aniko, Korte, S Mechiel, Kozicz, Tamas, Kushner, Steven A, Leech, Kirk, Lesch, Klaus-Peter, Lesscher, Heidi, Lucassen, Paul J, Luthi, Anita, Ma, Liya, Mallien, Anne S, Meerlo, Peter, Mejias, Jorge F, Meye, Frank J, Mitchell, Anna S, Mul, Joram D, Olcese, Umberto, González, Azahara Oliva, Olivier, Jocelien D A, Pasqualetti, Massimo, Pennartz, Cyriel M A, Popik, Piotr, Prickaerts, Jos, de la Prida, Liset M, Ribeiro, Sidarta, Roozendaal, Benno, Rossato, Janine I, Salari, Ali-Akbar, Schoemaker, Regien G, Smit, August B, Vanderschuren, Louk J M J, Takeuchi, Tomonori, van der Veen, Rixt, Smidt, Marten P, Vyazovskiy, Vladyslav V, Wiesmann, Maximilian, Wierenga, Corette J, Williams, Bella, Willuhn, Ingo, Wöhr, Markus, Wolvekamp, Monique, van der Zee, Eddy A, and Genzel, Lisa

Published
2021

49. The need for a transparent, ethical, and successful relationship between academic scientists and the pharmaceutical industry: a view of the Group for the Respect of Ethics and Excellence in Science (GREES)

Author

Bruyere, O., Kanis, J. A., Ibar-Abadie, M.-E., Alsayed, N., Brandi, M. L., Burlet, N., Cahall, D. L., Chines, A., Devogelaer, J.-P., Dere, W., Goel, N., Hughes, N., Kaufman, J.-M., Korte, S., Mitlak, B. H., Niese, D., Rizzoli, R., Rovati, L. C., and Reginster, J.-Y.

Published
2010
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