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The article discusses the issue of optimizing the process of programming the development of agriculture in terms of livestock breeding based on the potential productivity in dairy cattle breeding. As is known, a significant part of the milk obtained from cows is formed due to the genetic characteristics of the animals. Therefore, the fastest result in increasing productivity can be achieved through the intensification of targeted breeding work. This is precisely what the state needs to focus on when leaving programs for the development of the agro-industrial complex. Increasing the genetic potential of a region (territory) and its use should be the basis for drawing up targeted programs. The purpose of the study is to formulate the concept of the genetic potential of the region and determine the possibility of increasing it through commodity lending. Among the instruments of state support for agriculture, the use of commodity lending in livestock farming will make it possible to quickly disseminate favorable breeding achievements throughout the region. For example, in the Samara region, out of 98.8 thousand heads 29.6 thousand cows belong to the population with low genetic potential (29.9%). According to calculations, with minimal financial investments it is possible to completely replace an unproductive herd in the region.

The relevance of the study is due to the fact that commodity lending is a fairly new procedure for agricultural producers in the field of state support, it is designed to ensure the stable development and support of the main agricultural producers, including livestock. The purpose of the study is to improve state support for the agro-industrial complex, taking into account commodity lending. Competent organization of the process of commodity lending, taking into account all possible directions for improving this activity, will ensure the smooth and efficient operation of SUE SR “Veles”, the Ministry of Agriculture of the region, agricultural producers of the agro-industrial complex in the field of commodity lending and, as a result, will strengthen the economy of the region as a whole. At the same time, in order to improve the efficiency of commodity lending in the agro-industrial complex of the Samara region, it is proposed to introduce a system of control over the use of funds allocated for commodity lending, according to grants, subsidies, state support, to optimize the targeting of the received funds for commodity lending, in order to prevent their further use for other purposes.

The article discusses the issues of restoration of biological resources in forestry in the Samara region. The proposed creation of farms for the reproduction of large animals that were subjected to barbaric extermination in the nineties will solve not only the environmental problem, but will provide the opportunity to create a base for providing hunting services to the population, reducing pressure from poachers, and increasing the profitability of forests as economic objects. One of the species subject to population restoration is red deer (Cervus elaphus L.). Its number decreased to 310 heads (1997). Currently it is 1190 heads (2022). In the Samara region, red deer are found annually in the territory of 6-7 municipal districts out of 27. The number and spatial distribution of deer, like other ungulates, have annual fluctuations and are a vector indicator of the relationship between natural and anthropogenic factors. Creation of a farm for 210 heads. It will allow you to annually raise up to 60 animals, which can be released into the wild. To provide feed, about 500 hectares of agricultural land will be required. Project efficiency indicators: - the payback period of the project was 77 months; - discounted payback period – 101 months; - net present value – 2419.0 thousand rubles; - internal rate of return – 13.06%.

Turning to green technologies in wastewater treatment is a well-known global trend. The use of natural sorbents of plant origin or phytosorbents in order to purify water from various types of pollutants is becoming more and more popular. This solves several important problems at once: the use of harmless natural materials, reducing the cost of processing, and waste disposal. Moreover, there is a global increase in waste in the agricultural, food, woodworking, and other industries. This review presents data on the modern use of natural materials, mainly vegetable waste, as sorbents in wastewater treatment technologies. Natural materials remove ion metals, dyes, crude oil and petroleum products, and other organic and non-organic contaminants. The techniques of obtaining phytosorbents from plant raw materials are considered. The methods for activation and modification of the various phytosorbents, which provide greater sorption efficiency, are presented. The adsorption mechanisms for various water contaminants are examined, and model descriptions are shown. It has been revealed that the effectiveness of sorption interaction mainly depends on the presence of functional groups. Studies over the past twenty years have shown good prospects for the use of such materials and technologies in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]