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Phospholipids (PLs), essential components of cell membranes, play significant roles in maintaining the structural integrity and functionality of joint tissues. One of the main components of synovial joint fluid (SJF) is PLs. Structures such as PLs that are found in low amounts in biological fluids may need to be selectively enriched to be analyzed. Monodisperse-mesoporous SiO2 microspheres were synthesized by a multi-step hydrolysis condensation method for the selective enrichment and separation of PLs in the SJF. The microspheres were characterized by SEM, XPS, XRD, and BET analyses. SiO2 microspheres had a 161.5 m2/g surface area, 1.1 cm3/g pore volume, and 6.7 nm pore diameter, which were efficient in the enrichment of PLs in the SJF. The extracted PLs with sorbents were analyzed using Q-TOF LC/MS in a gradient elution mode with a C18 column [2.1 × 100 mm, 2.5 μM, Xbridge Waters (Milford, MA, USA)]. An untargeted lipidomic approach was performed, and the phospholipid enrichment was successfully carried out using the proposed solid-phase extraction (SPE) protocol. Recovery of the SPE extraction of PLs using sorbents was compared to the classical liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) procedure for lipid extraction. The results showed that monodisperse-mesoporous SiO2 microspheres were eligible for selective enrichment of PLs in SJF samples. These microspheres can be used to identify PLs changes in articular joint cartilage (AJC) in physiological and pathological conditions including osteoarthritis (OA) research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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To elucidate referrals from sports medicine clinic (SMC) to orthopedics, consensus rates among physicians and surgeons on surgical need in these patients, and reasoning of the patients who refused to have surgery despite the recommendations by both groups in non-emergency sports injury patients. We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis by using the administrative and referral records of a sports medicine clinic for the 15 months between October 2017 and January 2019. Gender, age, diagnosis, and type of sport were compared between two groups (patients referred to orthopedics vs patients treated in SMC). Agreement between orthopedics and SMC on surgical need in those patients who were referred to orthopedics was evaluated. We additionally screened the hospital archive for surgery reports of patients recommended surgery, and, if a patient did not have a surgery record, we investigated the reasons by telephone interview and categorized these reasons. Surgical evaluation needed for 4.7% (n = 155) of the patients. Patients referred to orthopedics were younger (median: 22.0 years), mostly male (n = 119, 76.8%), and involved in contact sports (n = 108, 69.7%) (p < 0.001 for all) compared to patients treated conservatively. Majority of the consultations were made owing to certain diagnoses such as cruciate/collateral ligament sprain (n = 70, 45.2%), meniscal tear (n = 21, 13.5%), and cartilage injuries (n = 15, 9.7%). Most of the patients diagnosed with Achilles tendon rupture (n = 2, 100%) and patellar instability (n = 13, 81.3%) were referred to surgery. Orthopedics agreed with the sports medicine physicians' opinions in most cases (n = 110, 71.0%). Thirty-four patients (30.9%) recommended surgery by the surgeon postponed/refused the treatment for various reasons or had surgery in another hospital. Most non-emergency sports injuries can be treated conservatively. Young and male patients participating in contact sports are more likely to need surgical treatment. Non-surgeon musculoskeletal health-care providers may consider referring patients to orthopedics considering the data demonstrated in this study. Nevertheless, patient's motivation to undergo an operation should be considered before referring to orthopedics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]