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1. Improved large-area forest increment information in Europe through harmonisation of National Forest Inventories

Author

European Commission, Gschwantner, Thomas [0000-0001-9043-6884], Adame, P. [0000-0002-0559-8713], Aguirre, Ana [0000-0001-7723-2078], Alberdi, Iciar [0000-0003-1338-8465], Avitabile, V. [0000-0003-3646-052X], Cañellas, Isabel [0000-0002-9716-7776], Di Cosmo, Lucio [0000-0002-0611-1292], Freudenschuss, A. [0000-0002-6080-2051], Gasparini, P. [0000-0001-8801-0980], Korhonen, Kari T. [0000-0002-6198-853X], Marin, Gheorghe [0000-0003-2720-3038], Maslo, Jan [0009-0001-2188-1105], Mionskowski, Marcin [0000-0002-9222-521X], Morneau, François [0000-0002-6145-6031], Mubareka, S.[0000-0001-9504-4409], Schadauer, K. [0009-0007-9292-7004], Talarczyk, Andrzej [0000-0001-9073-4136], Westerlund, Bertil [0000-0002-1073-8434], Gschwantner, Thomas, Riedel, Thomas, Henning, Lea, Adame, P., Adolt, Radim, Aguirre, Ana, Alberdi, Iciar, Avitabile, V., Cañellas, Isabel, Di Cosmo, Lucio, Fischer, Christoph, Freudenschuss, A., Gasparini, P., Henttonen, Helena M., Korhonen, Kari T., Kucera, Milos, Marin, Gheorghe, Maslo, Jan, Mionskowski, Marcin, Morneau, François, Mubareka, S., Neagu, Stefan, Nilsson, Mats, Pesty, B., Schadauer, K., Sroga, Radosław, Talarczyk, Andrzej, Westerlund, Bertil, European Commission, Gschwantner, Thomas [0000-0001-9043-6884], Adame, P. [0000-0002-0559-8713], Aguirre, Ana [0000-0001-7723-2078], Alberdi, Iciar [0000-0003-1338-8465], Avitabile, V. [0000-0003-3646-052X], Cañellas, Isabel [0000-0002-9716-7776], Di Cosmo, Lucio [0000-0002-0611-1292], Freudenschuss, A. [0000-0002-6080-2051], Gasparini, P. [0000-0001-8801-0980], Korhonen, Kari T. [0000-0002-6198-853X], Marin, Gheorghe [0000-0003-2720-3038], Maslo, Jan [0009-0001-2188-1105], Mionskowski, Marcin [0000-0002-9222-521X], Morneau, François [0000-0002-6145-6031], Mubareka, S.[0000-0001-9504-4409], Schadauer, K. [0009-0007-9292-7004], Talarczyk, Andrzej [0000-0001-9073-4136], Westerlund, Bertil [0000-0002-1073-8434], Gschwantner, Thomas, Riedel, Thomas, Henning, Lea, Adame, P., Adolt, Radim, Aguirre, Ana, Alberdi, Iciar, Avitabile, V., Cañellas, Isabel, Di Cosmo, Lucio, Fischer, Christoph, Freudenschuss, A., Gasparini, P., Henttonen, Helena M., Korhonen, Kari T., Kucera, Milos, Marin, Gheorghe, Maslo, Jan, Mionskowski, Marcin, Morneau, François, Mubareka, S., Neagu, Stefan, Nilsson, Mats, Pesty, B., Schadauer, K., Sroga, Radosław, Talarczyk, Andrzej, and Westerlund, Bertil

Abstract

Consistent knowledge about the increment in European forests gained amplified importance in European policies and decision processes related to forest-based bioeconomy, carbon sequestration, sustainable forest management and environmental changes. Until now, large-area increment information from European countries was lacking international comparability. In this study we present a harmonisation framework in accordance with the principles and the approach established for the harmonisation of National Forest Inventories (NFIs) in Europe. 11 European NFIs, representing a broad range of increment measurement and estimation methods, developed unified reference definitions and methods that were subsequently implemented to provide harmonised increment estimates by NUTS regions (Nomenclature of territorial units for statistics of the European Union), main forest types and tree species groups, and to rate the impact of harmonisation measures. The main emphasis was on gross annual increment (GAI), however, also annual natural losses (ANL) and net annual increment (NAI) were estimated. The data from the latest available NFI cycles were processed. The participating countries represent a forest area of about 130 million ha, and 82% of the European Unions’ (EU) forest area, respectively. The increments were estimated in terms of volume (m³ year−1, m³ ha−1 year−1) and above-ground biomass (t year−1, t ha−1 year−1). The harmonised GAI volume estimates deviate in a range of +12.3% to −26.5% from the estimates according to the national definitions and estimation methods. Within the study area, the harmonised estimates show a considerable range over the NUTS regions for GAI, from 0.6 to 12.3 m³ ha−1 year−1, and 0.8–6.4 t ha−1 year−1, of volume and above-ground biomass, respectively. The largest increment estimates are found in Central Europe and gradually decrease towards the North, South, West and East. In most countries coniferous forests show larger increment estimates per hectare

Published
2024

2. Harmonised statistics and maps of forest biomass and increment in Europe

Author

European Commission, Avitabile, V. [0000-0003-3646-052X], Pilli, Roberto [0000-0003-4541-7056], Migliavacca, Mirco [0000-0003-3546-8407], Duveiller, Gregory [0000-0002-6471-8404], Blujdea, V. [0000-0002-7932-8484], Alberdi, Iciar [0000-0003-1338-8465], Barreiro, Susana [0000-0003-0174-854X], Bender, Susann [0000-0002-3029-9475], Borota, Dragan [0000-0001-6825-2085], Bosela, Michal [0000-0001-6706-8614], Bouriaud, Olivier [0000-0002-8046-466X], Cañellas, Isabel [0000-0002-9716-7776], Di Cosmo, Lucio [0000-0002-0611-1292], Donis, Janis [0000-0002-3365-0566], Fischer, Christoph [0000-0002-7202-148X], Freudenschuss, A. [0000-0002-6080-2051], Fridman, Jonas [0000-0002-8295-665X], Gasparini, P. [0000-0003-2298-770X], Gschwantner, Thomas [0000-0001-9043-6884], Hernández, Laura [0000-0002-0915-9830], Korhonen, Kari T. [0000-0002-6198-853X], Kulbokas, Gintaras [0009-0009-9805-7411], Kvist, Vivian [0000-0002-1268-9787], Latte, Nicolas [0000-0002-3822-315X], Lazdins, Andis [0000-0002-7169-2011], Lejeune, Philippe [0000-0001-9987-9673], Makovskis, Kristaps [0000-0003-4943-1912], Marin, Gheorghe [0000-0003-2720-3038], Maslo, Jan [0009-0001-2188-1105], Mionskowski, Marcin [0000-0002-9222-521X], Morneau, François [0000-0002-6145-6031], Myszkowski, Marcin [0009-0009-8192-1912], Nagy, Kinga [0000-0002-0582-7133], Nord-Larsen, Thomas [0000-0002-5341-6435], Pantic, Damjan [0000-0003-2523-9619], Perin, Jerôme [0000-0001-7463-2615], Sebeň, Vladimír [0000-0003-3692-446X], Skudnik, Mitja [0000-0002-4120-6748], Snorrason, A. [0000-0002-7184-6826], Stoyanov, Todor [0000-0002-1276-6527], Talarczyk, Andrzej [0000-0001-9073-4136], Thürig, E. [0000-0002-7942-0395], Uva, José [0000-0003-1990-0888], Mubareka, S. [0000-0001-9504-4409], Avitabile, V., Pilli, Roberto, Migliavacca, Mirco, Duveiller, Gregory, Camia, Andrea, Blujdea, V., Adolt, Radim, Alberdi, Iciar, Barreiro, Susana, Bender, Susann, Borota, Dragan, Bosela, Michal, Bouriaud, Olivier, Breidenbach, Johannes, Cañellas, Isabel, Čavlović, Jura, Colin, A., Di Cosmo, Lucio, Donis, Janis, Fischer, Christoph, Freudenschuss, A., Fridman, Jonas, Gasparini, P., Gschwantner, Thomas, Hernández, Laura, Korhonen, Kari T., Kulbokas, Gintaras, Kvist, Vivian, Latte, Nicolas, Lazdins, Andis, Lejeune, Philippe, Makovskis, Kristaps, Marin, Gheorghe, Maslo, Jan, Michorczyk, Artur, Mionskowski, Marcin, Morneau, François, Myszkowski, Marcin, Nagy, Kinga, Nilsson, Mats, Nord-Larsen, Thomas, Pantic, Damjan, Perin, Jerôme, Redmond, John, Rizzo, M., Sebeň, Vladimír, Skudnik, Mitja, Snorrason, A., Sroga, Radosław, Stoyanov, Todor, Svensson, Arvid, Talarczyk, Andrzej, Teeuwen, Sander, Thürig, E., Uva, José, Mubareka, S., European Commission, Avitabile, V. [0000-0003-3646-052X], Pilli, Roberto [0000-0003-4541-7056], Migliavacca, Mirco [0000-0003-3546-8407], Duveiller, Gregory [0000-0002-6471-8404], Blujdea, V. [0000-0002-7932-8484], Alberdi, Iciar [0000-0003-1338-8465], Barreiro, Susana [0000-0003-0174-854X], Bender, Susann [0000-0002-3029-9475], Borota, Dragan [0000-0001-6825-2085], Bosela, Michal [0000-0001-6706-8614], Bouriaud, Olivier [0000-0002-8046-466X], Cañellas, Isabel [0000-0002-9716-7776], Di Cosmo, Lucio [0000-0002-0611-1292], Donis, Janis [0000-0002-3365-0566], Fischer, Christoph [0000-0002-7202-148X], Freudenschuss, A. [0000-0002-6080-2051], Fridman, Jonas [0000-0002-8295-665X], Gasparini, P. [0000-0003-2298-770X], Gschwantner, Thomas [0000-0001-9043-6884], Hernández, Laura [0000-0002-0915-9830], Korhonen, Kari T. [0000-0002-6198-853X], Kulbokas, Gintaras [0009-0009-9805-7411], Kvist, Vivian [0000-0002-1268-9787], Latte, Nicolas [0000-0002-3822-315X], Lazdins, Andis [0000-0002-7169-2011], Lejeune, Philippe [0000-0001-9987-9673], Makovskis, Kristaps [0000-0003-4943-1912], Marin, Gheorghe [0000-0003-2720-3038], Maslo, Jan [0009-0001-2188-1105], Mionskowski, Marcin [0000-0002-9222-521X], Morneau, François [0000-0002-6145-6031], Myszkowski, Marcin [0009-0009-8192-1912], Nagy, Kinga [0000-0002-0582-7133], Nord-Larsen, Thomas [0000-0002-5341-6435], Pantic, Damjan [0000-0003-2523-9619], Perin, Jerôme [0000-0001-7463-2615], Sebeň, Vladimír [0000-0003-3692-446X], Skudnik, Mitja [0000-0002-4120-6748], Snorrason, A. [0000-0002-7184-6826], Stoyanov, Todor [0000-0002-1276-6527], Talarczyk, Andrzej [0000-0001-9073-4136], Thürig, E. [0000-0002-7942-0395], Uva, José [0000-0003-1990-0888], Mubareka, S. [0000-0001-9504-4409], Avitabile, V., Pilli, Roberto, Migliavacca, Mirco, Duveiller, Gregory, Camia, Andrea, Blujdea, V., Adolt, Radim, Alberdi, Iciar, Barreiro, Susana, Bender, Susann, Borota, Dragan, Bosela, Michal, Bouriaud, Olivier, Breidenbach, Johannes, Cañellas, Isabel, Čavlović, Jura, Colin, A., Di Cosmo, Lucio, Donis, Janis, Fischer, Christoph, Freudenschuss, A., Fridman, Jonas, Gasparini, P., Gschwantner, Thomas, Hernández, Laura, Korhonen, Kari T., Kulbokas, Gintaras, Kvist, Vivian, Latte, Nicolas, Lazdins, Andis, Lejeune, Philippe, Makovskis, Kristaps, Marin, Gheorghe, Maslo, Jan, Michorczyk, Artur, Mionskowski, Marcin, Morneau, François, Myszkowski, Marcin, Nagy, Kinga, Nilsson, Mats, Nord-Larsen, Thomas, Pantic, Damjan, Perin, Jerôme, Redmond, John, Rizzo, M., Sebeň, Vladimír, Skudnik, Mitja, Snorrason, A., Sroga, Radosław, Stoyanov, Todor, Svensson, Arvid, Talarczyk, Andrzej, Teeuwen, Sander, Thürig, E., Uva, José, and Mubareka, S.

Abstract

Forest biomass is an essential resource in relation to the green transition and its assessment is key for the sustainable management of forest resources. Here, we present a forest biomass dataset for Europe based on the best available inventory and satellite data, with a higher level of harmonisation and spatial resolution than other existing data. This database provides statistics and maps of the forest area, biomass stock and their share available for wood supply in the year 2020, and statistics on gross and net volume increment in 2010-2020, for 38 European countries. The statistics of most countries are available at a sub-national scale and are derived from National Forest Inventory data, harmonised using common reference definitions and estimation methodology, and updated to a common year using a modelling approach. For those counties without harmonised statistics, data were derived from the State of Europe's Forest 2020 Report at the national scale. The maps are coherent with the statistics and depict the spatial distribution of the forest variables at 100 m resolution.

Published
2024

3. Drivers of snag fall rates in Fennoscandian boreal forests.

Author

Aakala, Tuomas, Storaunet, Ken Olaf, Jonsson, Bengt Gunnar, and Korhonen, Kari T.

Subjects
COARSE woody debris, TAIGAS, DEAD trees, FOREST surveys, FOREST management, SCOTS pine
Abstract

Persistence of standing dead trees (snags) is an important determinant for their role for biodiversity and dead wood associated carbon fluxes. How fast snags fall varies widely among species and regions and is further influenced by a variety of stand‐ and tree‐level factors. However, our understanding of this variation is fragmentary at best, partly due to lack of empirical data.Here, we took advantage of the accruing time series of snag observations in the Finnish, Norwegian and Swedish National Forest Inventories that have been followed in these programs since the mid‐1990s. We first harmonized observations from slightly different inventory protocols and then, using this harmonized dataset of ca. 43,000 observations that had a consistent 5‐year census interval, we modelled the probability of snags of the main boreal tree species Pinus sylvestris, Picea abies and Betula spp. falling, as a function of tree‐ and stand‐level variables, using Bayesian logistic regression modelling.The models were moderately good at predicting snags remaining standing or falling, with a correct classification rate ranging from 68% to 75% among species.In general, snag persistence increased with tree size and climatic wetness, and decreased with temperature sum, advancing stage of decay, site productivity and disturbance intensity (mainly harvesting).Synthesis and applications: The effect of harvesting demonstrates that an efficient avenue to increase the amount of snags in managed forests is protecting them during silvicultural operations. In the warmer future, negative relationship between snag persistence and temperature suggests decreasing the time snags remain standing and hence decreasing habitat availability for associated species. As decomposition rates generally increase after fall, decreasing snag persistence also implies substantially faster release of carbon from dead wood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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5. Improved large-area forest increment information in Europe through harmonisation of National Forest Inventories

Author

Gschwantner, Thomas, primary, Riedel, Thomas, additional, Henning, Lea, additional, Adame, Patricia, additional, Adolt, Radim, additional, Aguirre, Ana, additional, Alberdi, Iciar, additional, Avitabile, Valerio, additional, Cañellas, Isabel, additional, Di Cosmo, Lucio, additional, Fischer, Christoph, additional, Freudenschuß, Alexandra, additional, Gasparini, Patrizia, additional, Henttonen, Helena M., additional, Korhonen, Kari T., additional, Kučera, Miloš, additional, Marin, Gheorghe, additional, Máslo, Jan, additional, Mionskowski, Marcin, additional, Morneau, François, additional, Mubareka, Sarah, additional, Neagu, Stefan, additional, Nilsson, Mats, additional, Pesty, Benoit, additional, Schadauer, Klemens, additional, Sroga, Radosław, additional, Talarczyk, Andrzej, additional, and Westerlund, Bertil, additional

Published
2024
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6. Access to exact National Forest Inventory plot locations must be carefully evaluated

Author

Schadauer, Klemens, Astrup, Rasmus, Breidenbach, Johannes, Fridman, Jonas, Gräber, Stephan, Köhl, Michael, Korhonen, Kari T., Johannsen, Vivian Kvist, Morneau, Francois, Päivinen, Risto, Riedel, Thomas, Schadauer, Klemens, Astrup, Rasmus, Breidenbach, Johannes, Fridman, Jonas, Gräber, Stephan, Köhl, Michael, Korhonen, Kari T., Johannsen, Vivian Kvist, Morneau, Francois, Päivinen, Risto, and Riedel, Thomas

Published
2024

8. Current state of mixed forests available for wood supply in Finland and Sweden

Author

Natural Resources Institute Finland, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lee, Daesung [0000-0003-1586-9385], Holmström, Emma [0000-0003-2025-1942], Hynynen, J. [0000-0002-9132-8612], Nilsson, U. [0000-0002-7624-4031], Korhonen, Kari T. [0000-0002-6198-853X], Westerlund, Bertil [0000-0002-1073-8434], Bianchi, Simone [0000-0001-9544-7400], Aldea, Jorge [0000-0003-2568-5192], Huuskonen, Saija [0000-0001-8630-3982], Lee, Daesung, Holmström, Emma, Hynynen, J., Nilsson, U., Korhonen, Kari T., Westerlund, Bertil, Bianchi, Simone, Aldea, Jorge, Huuskonen, Saija, Natural Resources Institute Finland, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lee, Daesung [0000-0003-1586-9385], Holmström, Emma [0000-0003-2025-1942], Hynynen, J. [0000-0002-9132-8612], Nilsson, U. [0000-0002-7624-4031], Korhonen, Kari T. [0000-0002-6198-853X], Westerlund, Bertil [0000-0002-1073-8434], Bianchi, Simone [0000-0001-9544-7400], Aldea, Jorge [0000-0003-2568-5192], Huuskonen, Saija [0000-0001-8630-3982], Lee, Daesung, Holmström, Emma, Hynynen, J., Nilsson, U., Korhonen, Kari T., Westerlund, Bertil, Bianchi, Simone, Aldea, Jorge, and Huuskonen, Saija

Abstract

This study’s objectives were to suggest harmonised criteria for the definition of mixed forests for two Nordic countries, describe their principal mixture types, and provide an overview of their current extent. We used national forest inventory data compiled in Finland and Sweden, considering the forest available for wood supply (FAWS), excluding seedling and sapling plots before canopy closure. The definition of the mixed forest was based on the threshold criteria, which indicate the basal area proportion of the dominant tree species of the total in a stand. The proportion of mixed forests increased with higher threshold criteria: 21% to 42% in Finland and 24% to 49% in Sweden, as the threshold criterion was changed from 65% to 85%. With a threshold criterion of 75%, the area of mixed FAWS was 5.6 million ha (31% of FAWS) in Finland and 6.5 million ha (36%) in Sweden. The dominant mixture type was the pine-spruce-birches mixture (31%) in Finland and the pine-spruce mixture (29%) in Sweden. The proportion of peatland forest of mixed forests was similar in the countries: 9–10%. The mixed forests proportion increased from north boreal to hemiboreal, increasing with more mature development classes.

Published
2023

9. Finland

Author

Packalen, Tuula, Korhonen, Kari T., Salminen, Olli, von Gadow, Klaus, Series editor, Pukkala, Timo, Series editor, Tomé, Margarida, Series editor, Barreiro, Susana, editor, Schelhaas, Mart-Jan, editor, McRoberts, Ronald E., editor, and Kändler, Gerald, editor

Published
2017
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12. Finland

Author

Korhonen, Kari T., Vidal, Claude, editor, Alberdi, Iciar A., editor, Hernández Mateo, Laura, editor, and Redmond, John J., editor

Published
2016
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13. Progress Towards Harmonised Assessment of Availability and Use of Wood Resources in Europe

Author

Vidal, Claude, Gschwantner, Thomas, Korhonen, Kari T., Alberdi, Iciar, Gasparini, Patrizia, Redmond, John, Ginzler, Christian, Fischer, Christoph, Hervé, Jean Christophe, Waser, Lars T., Kuliešis, Andrius, Kasperavičius, Albertas, Bosela, Michal, Adolt, Radim, Petráš, Rudolf, Kučera, Miloš, Fridman, Jonas, Schadauer, Klemens, Vidal, Claude, editor, Alberdi, Iciar A., editor, Hernández Mateo, Laura, editor, and Redmond, John J., editor

Published
2016
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16. Ensure forest-data integrity for climate change studies

Author

Päivinen, Risto, primary, Astrup, Rasmus, additional, Birdsey, Richard A., additional, Breidenbach, Johannes, additional, Fridman, Jonas, additional, Kangas, Annika, additional, Kauppi, Pekka E., additional, Köhl, Michael, additional, Korhonen, Kari T., additional, Johannsen, Vivian Kvist, additional, Morneau, François, additional, Riedel, Thomas, additional, Schadauer, Klemens, additional, and Wernick, Iddo K., additional

Published
2023
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17. Ensure forest-data integrity for climate change studies

Author

Päivinen, Risto, Astrup, Rasmus, Birdsey, Richard A., Breidenbach, Johannes, Fridman, Jonas, Kangas, Annika, Kauppi, Pekka E., Köhl, Michael, Korhonen, Kari T., Johannsen, Vivian Kvist, Morneau, François, Riedel, Thomas, Schadauer, Klemens, Wernick, Iddo K., Päivinen, Risto, Astrup, Rasmus, Birdsey, Richard A., Breidenbach, Johannes, Fridman, Jonas, Kangas, Annika, Kauppi, Pekka E., Köhl, Michael, Korhonen, Kari T., Johannsen, Vivian Kvist, Morneau, François, Riedel, Thomas, Schadauer, Klemens, and Wernick, Iddo K.

Published
2023

19. Current state of mixed forests available for wood supply in Finland and Sweden.

Author

Daesung Lee, Holmström, Emma, Hynynen, Jari, Nilsson, Urban, Korhonen, Kari T., Westerlund, Bertil, Bianchi, Simone, Aldea, Jorge, and Huuskonen, Saija

Subjects
MIXED forests, FORESTS & forestry, FOREST reserves, FOREST surveys, CONIFEROUS forests
Abstract

This study's objectives were to suggest harmonised criteria for the definition of mixed forests for two Nordic countries, describe their principal mixture types, and provide an overview of their current extent. We used national forest inventory data compiled in Finland and Sweden, considering the forest available for wood supply (FAWS), excluding seedling and sapling plots before canopy closure. The definition of the mixed forest was based on the threshold criteria, which indicate the basal area proportion of the dominant tree species of the total in a stand. The proportion of mixed forests increased with higher threshold criteria: 21% to 42% in Finland and 24% to 49% in Sweden, as the threshold criterion was changed from 65% to 85%. With a threshold criterion of 75%, the area of mixed FAWS was 5.6 million ha (31% of FAWS) in Finland and 6.5 million ha (36%) in Sweden. The dominant mixture type was the pine-spruce-birches mixture (31%) in Finland and the pine-spruce mixture (29%) in Sweden. The proportion of peatland forest of mixed forests was similar in the countries: 9-10%. The mixed forests proportion increased from north boreal to hemiboreal, increasing with more mature development classes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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21. EU wood production vs. biodiversity goals – possible reconciliation in Finland?

Author

Räty, Minna, Juutinen, Artti, Korhonen, Kari T., Syrjänen, Kimmo, and Kärkkäinen, Leena

Subjects
WOOD, LOGGING, NET present value, FOREST management, FOREST protection, ECOLOGICAL impact, FOREST productivity
Abstract

According to protection targets of EU Biodiversity Strategy 2030, 30% of EU's land and sea area should be legally protected by 2030. While the actual targets and even terms are still to be defined, the strategy's possible impacts can be simulated for policy support purposes. The strategy aims to increase protection by setting aside forests and extending closer-to-nature forest management practices. We simulated Finland's forest resources with the European Forestry Dynamics Model (EFDM) considering the protection targets. According to our simulations, the total growing stock and net present value will be lower with the additional protection than by carrying on the business-as-usual management. The additional protection resulted in intensified harvesting in the remaining forest area available for wood supply with the current harvest level. This may weaken the positive ecological impacts of protection. Reducing the harvest level from the current level is not a likely alternative either, because the demand for biomass is predicted to increase in the future, while the supply is insufficient, and EU policies aim to avoid shifting the negative impacts of resource extraction outside the EU. The feasibility of the additional protection depends on the actual implementation and definitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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22. Generalizing Sample Tree Information

Author

Lappi, Juha, Mehtätalo, Lauri, Korhonen, Kari T., Klaus von, Gadow, editor, Timo, Pukkala, editor, Margarida, Tomé, editor, Kangas, Annika, editor, and Maltamo, Matti, editor

Published
2006
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23. Inventory by Compartments

Author

Koivuniemi, Jyrki, Korhonen, Kari T., Klaus von, Gadow, editor, Timo, Pukkala, editor, Margarida, Tomé, editor, Kangas, Annika, editor, and Maltamo, Matti, editor

Published
2006
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24. Growing stock monitoring by European National Forest Inventories:Historical origins, current methods and harmonisation

Author

Gschwantner, Thomas, Alberdi, Iciar, Bauwens, Sébastien, Bender, Susann, Borota, Dragan, Bosela, Michal, Bouriaud, Olivier, Breidenbach, Johannes, Donis, Jānis, Fischer, Christoph, Gasparini, Patrizia, Heffernan, Luke, Hervé, Jean Christophe, Kolozs, László, Korhonen, Kari T., Koutsias, Nikos, Kovácsevics, Pál, Kučera, Miloš, Kulbokas, Gintaras, Kuliešis, Andrius, Lanz, Adrian, Lejeune, Philippe, Lind, Torgny, Marin, Gheorghe, Morneau, François, Nord-Larsen, Thomas, Nunes, Leónia, Pantić, Damjan, Redmond, John, Rego, Francisco C., Riedel, Thomas, Šebeň, Vladimír, Sims, Allan, Skudnik, Mitja, Tomter, Stein M., Gschwantner, Thomas, Alberdi, Iciar, Bauwens, Sébastien, Bender, Susann, Borota, Dragan, Bosela, Michal, Bouriaud, Olivier, Breidenbach, Johannes, Donis, Jānis, Fischer, Christoph, Gasparini, Patrizia, Heffernan, Luke, Hervé, Jean Christophe, Kolozs, László, Korhonen, Kari T., Koutsias, Nikos, Kovácsevics, Pál, Kučera, Miloš, Kulbokas, Gintaras, Kuliešis, Andrius, Lanz, Adrian, Lejeune, Philippe, Lind, Torgny, Marin, Gheorghe, Morneau, François, Nord-Larsen, Thomas, Nunes, Leónia, Pantić, Damjan, Redmond, John, Rego, Francisco C., Riedel, Thomas, Šebeň, Vladimír, Sims, Allan, Skudnik, Mitja, and Tomter, Stein M.

Abstract

Wood resources have been essential for human welfare throughout history. Also nowadays, the volume of growing stock (GS) is considered one of the most important forest attributes monitored by National Forest Inventories (NFIs) to inform policy decisions and forest management planning. The origins of forest inventories closely relate to times of early wood shortage in Europe causing the need to explore and plan the utilisation of GS in the catchment areas of mines, saltworks and settlements. Over time, forest surveys became more detailed and their scope turned to larger areas, although they were still conceived as stand-wise inventories. In the 1920s, the first sample-based NFIs were introduced in the northern European countries. Since the earliest beginnings, GS monitoring approaches have considerably evolved. Current NFI methods differ due to country-specific conditions, inventory traditions, and information needs. Consequently, GS estimates were lacking international comparability and were therefore subject to recent harmonisation efforts to meet the increasing demand for consistent forest resource information at European level. As primary large-area monitoring programmes in most European countries, NFIs assess a multitude of variables, describing various aspects of sustainable forest management, including for example wood supply, carbon sequestration, and biodiversity. Many of these contemporary subject matters involve considerations about GS and its changes, at different geographic levels and time frames from past to future developments according to scenario simulations. Due to its historical, continued and currently increasing importance, we provide an up-to-date review focussing on large-area GS monitoring where we i) describe the origins and historical development of European NFIs, ii) address the terminology and present GS definitions of NFIs, iii) summarise the current methods of 23 European NFIs including sampling methods, tree measurements, volume mode

Published
2022

25. Growing stock monitoring by European National Forest Inventories: Historical origins, current methods and harmonisation

Author

Gschwantner, Thomas, Alberdi, Iciar, Bauwens, Sebastien, Bender, Susann, Borota, Dragan, Bosela, Michal, Bouriaud, Olivier, Breidenbach, Johannes, Donis, Janis, Fischer, Christoph, Gasparini, Patrizia, Heffernan, Luke, Kolozs, Laszlo, Korhonen, Kari T., Koutsias, Nikos, Kovacsevics, Pal, Kucera, Milos, Kulbokas, Gintaras, Kuliesis, Andrius, Lanz, Adrian, Lejeune, Philippe, Lind, Torgny, Marin, Gheorghe, Morneau, Francois, Nord-Larsen, Thomas, Nunes, Leonia, Pantic, Damjan, Redmond, John, Rego, Francisco C., Riedel, Thomas, Seben, Vladimir, Sims, Allan, Skudnik, Mitja, and Tomter, Stein M.

Subjects
Forest Science
Abstract

Wood resources have been essential for human welfare throughout history. Also nowadays, the volume of growing stock (GS) is considered one of the most important forest attributes monitored by National Forest Inventories (NFIs) to inform policy decisions and forest management planning. The origins of forest inventories closely relate to times of early wood shortage in Europe causing the need to explore and plan the utilisation of GS in the catchment areas of mines, saltworks and settlements. Over time, forest surveys became more detailed and their scope turned to larger areas, although they were still conceived as stand-wise inventories. In the 1920s, the first sample-based NFIs were introduced in the northern European countries. Since the earliest beginnings, GS monitoring approaches have considerably evolved. Current NFI methods differ due to country-specific conditions, inventory traditions, and information needs. Consequently, GS estimates were lacking international comparability and were therefore subject to recent harmonisation efforts to meet the increasing demand for consistent forest resource information at European level. As primary large-area monitoring programmes in most European countries, NFIs assess a multitude of variables, describing various aspects of sustainable forest management, including for example wood supply, carbon sequestration, and biodiversity. Many of these contemporary subject matters involve considerations about GS and its changes, at different geographic levels and time frames from past to future developments according to scenario simulations. Due to its historical, continued and currently increasing importance, we provide an up-to-date review focussing on large-area GS monitoring where we i) describe the origins and historical development of European NFIs, ii) address the terminology and present GS definitions of NFIs, iii) summarise the current methods of 23 European NFIs including sampling methods, tree measurements, volume models, estimators, uncertainty components, and the use of air-and space-borne data sources, iv) present the recent progress in NFI harmonisation in Europe, and v) provide an outlook under changing climate and forest-based bioeconomy objectives.

Published
2022

27. Europe’s Forest Sink Obsession

Author

Ellison, David, primary, Petersson, Hans, additional, Fridman, Jonas, additional, Korhonen, Kari T., additional, Hentonnen, Helena, additional, Appiah Mensah, Alex, additional, and Wallerman, Jörgen, additional

Published
2022
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29. Growing stock monitoring by European National Forest Inventories: Historical origins, current methods and harmonisation

Author

Gschwantner, Thomas, primary, Alberdi, Iciar, additional, Bauwens, Sébastien, additional, Bender, Susann, additional, Borota, Dragan, additional, Bosela, Michal, additional, Bouriaud, Olivier, additional, Breidenbach, Johannes, additional, Donis, Jānis, additional, Fischer, Christoph, additional, Gasparini, Patrizia, additional, Heffernan, Luke, additional, Hervé, Jean-Christophe, additional, Kolozs, László, additional, Korhonen, Kari T., additional, Koutsias, Nikos, additional, Kovácsevics, Pál, additional, Kučera, Miloš, additional, Kulbokas, Gintaras, additional, Kuliešis, Andrius, additional, Lanz, Adrian, additional, Lejeune, Philippe, additional, Lind, Torgny, additional, Marin, Gheorghe, additional, Morneau, François, additional, Nord-Larsen, Thomas, additional, Nunes, Leónia, additional, Pantić, Damjan, additional, Redmond, John, additional, Rego, Francisco C., additional, Riedel, Thomas, additional, Šebeň, Vladimír, additional, Sims, Allan, additional, Skudnik, Mitja, additional, and Tomter, Stein M., additional

Published
2022
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31. Harvested area did not increase abruptly – How advancements in satellite-based mapping led to erroneous conclusions

Author

Breidenbach, Johannes, Ellison, David, Petersson, Hans, Korhonen, Kari T., Henttonen, Helena M., Wallerman, Jörgen, Fridman, Jonas, Gobakken, Terje, Astrup, Rasmus, and Næsset, Erik

Subjects
Europe, greenhouse gas inventory, national forest inventory, forest carbon emissions
Abstract

Using satellite-based maps, Ceccherini et al. (2020) report abruptly increasing harvested area estimates in several EU-countries beginning in 2015. They identify Finland and Sweden as countries with the largest harvest increases and the biggest potential effect on the EU’s climate policy strategy. Using more than 120,000 field reference observations to analyze the satellite-based map employed by Ceccherini et al. (2020) we found that the map’s ability to detect harvested areas abruptly increases after 2015. While the abrupt detected increase in harvest is merely an artifact, Ceccherini et al. (2020) interpret this difference as an indicator of increasing intensity in forest management and harvesting practice. In their response to comments, Ceccherini et al. (2021) revised their estimates to some degree but still used inadequate methods leading to an overestimation of harvested area in Finland and Sweden. Ceccherini, G. et al. (2020). Abrupt increase in harvested forest area over Europe after 2015. Nature 583, 72-77. Ceccherini, G., et al. (2021). Reply to Wernick, IK et al.; Palahí, M. et al. Nature 592(7856): E18-E23., Includes smaller additions to the text compared to version 1.0

Published
2021
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32. Harvested area did not increase abruptly – How an inconsistency in satellite-based mapping led to erroneous conclusions

Author

Breidenbach, Johannes, Ellison, David, Petersson, Hans, Korhonen, Kari T., Henttonen, Helena M., Wallerman, Jörgen, Fridman, Jonas, Gobakken, Terje, Astrup, Rasmus, and Næsset , Erik

Subjects
Europe, greenhouse gas inventory, national forest inventory, forest carbon emissions
Abstract

Using satellite-based maps, Ceccherini et al. report abruptly increasing harvested area estimates in several EU26-countries beginning in 2015. They identify Finland and Sweden as countries with the largest harvest increases and the biggest potential effect on the EU’s climate policy strategy. Using more than 120,000 field reference observations to analyze the satellite-based map employed by Ceccherini et al. we found that the map’s ability to detect harvested areas abruptly increases after 2015. While the abrupt detected increase in harvest is merely an artifact, Ceccherini et al. interpret this difference as an indicator of increasing intensity in forest management and harvesting practice. Ceccherini, G. et al. Abrupt increase in harvested forest area over Europe after 2015. Nature 583, 72-77 (2020).

Published
2021
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35. Growing stock monitoring by European National Forest Inventories: Historical origins, current methods and harmonisation

Author

European Commission, Ministerio de Transición Ecológica (España), CSIC - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Slovak Research and Development Agency, Alberdi, Iciar [0000-0003-1338-8465], Gasparini, P. [0000-0001-8801-0980], Nunes, Leónia [0000-0002-2617-0468], Sebeň, Vladimír [0000-0003-3692-446X], Castro Rego, Francisco [0000-0003-0060-5192], Alberdi, Iciar, Gschwantner, Thomas, Bauwens, Sebastien, Bender, Susann, Borota, Dragan, Bosela, Michal, Bouriaud, Olivier, Breidenbach, Johannes, Donis, Janis, Fischer, Christoph, Gasparini, P., Heffernan, Luke, Hervé, Jean-Christophe, Kolozs, Laszlo, Korhonen, Kari T., Koutsias, Nikos, Kovacsevics, Pál, Kucera, Milos, Kulbokas, Gintaras, Kuliesis, Andrius, Lanz, Adrian, Philippe Lejeune, Lind, Torgny, Marin, Gheorghe, Morneau, François, Nord-Larsen, Thomas, Nunes, Leónia, Pantic, Damjan, Redmond, John, Castro Rego, Francisco, Riedel, Thomas, Sebeň, Vladimír, Sims, Allan, Skudnik, Mitja, M. Tomter, Stein, European Commission, Ministerio de Transición Ecológica (España), CSIC - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Slovak Research and Development Agency, Alberdi, Iciar [0000-0003-1338-8465], Gasparini, P. [0000-0001-8801-0980], Nunes, Leónia [0000-0002-2617-0468], Sebeň, Vladimír [0000-0003-3692-446X], Castro Rego, Francisco [0000-0003-0060-5192], Alberdi, Iciar, Gschwantner, Thomas, Bauwens, Sebastien, Bender, Susann, Borota, Dragan, Bosela, Michal, Bouriaud, Olivier, Breidenbach, Johannes, Donis, Janis, Fischer, Christoph, Gasparini, P., Heffernan, Luke, Hervé, Jean-Christophe, Kolozs, Laszlo, Korhonen, Kari T., Koutsias, Nikos, Kovacsevics, Pál, Kucera, Milos, Kulbokas, Gintaras, Kuliesis, Andrius, Lanz, Adrian, Philippe Lejeune, Lind, Torgny, Marin, Gheorghe, Morneau, François, Nord-Larsen, Thomas, Nunes, Leónia, Pantic, Damjan, Redmond, John, Castro Rego, Francisco, Riedel, Thomas, Sebeň, Vladimír, Sims, Allan, Skudnik, Mitja, and M. Tomter, Stein

Abstract

Wood resources have been essential for human welfare throughout history. Also nowadays, the volume of growing stock (GS) is considered one of the most important forest attributes monitored by National Forest Inventories (NFIs) to inform policy decisions and forest management planning. The origins of forest inventories closely relate to times of early wood shortage in Europe causing the need to explore and plan the utilisation of GS in the catchment areas of mines, saltworks and settlements. Over time, forest surveys became more detailed and their scope turned to larger areas, although they were still conceived as stand-wise inventories. In the 1920s, the first sample-based NFIs were introduced in the northern European countries. Since the earliest beginnings, GS monitoring approaches have considerably evolved. Current NFI methods differ due to country-specific conditions, inventory traditions, and information needs. Consequently, GS estimates were lacking international comparability and were therefore subject to recent harmonisation efforts to meet the increasing demand for consistent forest resource information at European level. As primary large-area monitoring programmes in most European countries, NFIs assess a multitude of variables, describing various aspects of sustainable forest management, including for example wood supply, carbon sequestration, and biodiversity. Many of these contemporary subject matters involve considerations about GS and its changes, at different geographic levels and time frames from past to future developments according to scenario simulations. Due to its historical, continued and currently increasing importance, we provide an up-to-date review focussing on large-area GS monitoring where we i) describe the origins and historical development of European NFIs, ii) address the terminology and present GS definitions of NFIs, iii) summarise the current methods of 23 European NFIs including sampling methods, tree measurements, volume models

Published
2021

36. Metsälain ja metsätuholain muutosten arviointi

Author

Matleena Kniivilä, Hantula, Jarkko, Juha-Pekka Hotanen, Hynynen, Jari, Hänninen, Harri, Korhonen, Kari T, Leppänen, Jussi, Melin, Markus, Mutanen, Antti, Määttä, Kalle, Siitonen, Juha, Viiri, Heli, Esa-Jussi Viitala, and Viitanen, Jari

Published
2020
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38. Reversing the European Trend Toward a Declining Land Carbon Sink?

Author

Ellison, David, primary, Breidenbach, Johannes, additional, Petersson, Hans, additional, Korhonen, Kari T., additional, Henttonen, Helena, additional, Wallerman, Jörgen, additional, Fridman, Jonas, additional, Mensah, Alex Appiah, additional, Gobakken, Terje, additional, and Naesset, Erik, additional

Published
2021
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40. Using auxiliary data to rationalize smartphone-based pre-harvest forest mensuration.

Author

Pitkänen, Timo P, Räty, Minna, Hyvönen, Pekka, Korhonen, Kari T, and Vauhkonen, Jari

Subjects
FOREST measurement, FOREST surveys, ON-site evaluation, SAMPLE size (Statistics), STATISTICAL sampling, SMARTPHONES
Abstract

Accurate mensuration of forest stands for pre-harvest planning will pose high costs if carried out by a professional forester as an on-site evaluation. The costs could be reduced if a person with limited mensuration expertise could collect the required data using a smartphone-based system such as TRESTIMA® Forest Inventory System. Without prior information, the field sample with sufficient number of measurement points over the whole stand should be selected, so that the entire variation will be covered. We present and test a rational framework based on selecting the sampling locations according to auxiliary data. As auxiliary variables, we use various spatial data sources indicating forests' structural or spectral variation, as well as previously predicted inventory variables. We construct two variants of sampling schemes based on the local pivotal method, weighted by the auxiliary data, and compare the results to simple random sampling (SRS) with corresponding sample sizes. According to our findings, the benefits of auxiliary data depend on the considered stand, species and timber assortment. The use of auxiliary data leads generally to improved results and up to three times higher efficiency (i.e. lower variance) as compared with SRS. We conclude that the framework of applying auxiliary data has high capabilities in rationalizing the sampling efforts with little drawbacks, consequently providing potential to improve the results with similar sample size and possibility to use of non-specialists for the pre-harvest inventory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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43. Metsälain ja metsätuholain muutosten vaikutukset arvioitiin – vaikutukset näkyvät vasta osin

Author

Kniivilä, Matleena, primary, Hantula, Jarkko, additional, Hotanen, Juha-Pekka, additional, Hynynen, Jari, additional, Hänninen, Harri, additional, Korhonen, Kari T., additional, Leppänen, Jussi, additional, Melin, Markus, additional, Mutanen, Antti, additional, Määttä, Kalle, additional, Siitonen, Juha, additional, Viiri, Heli, additional, Viitala, Esa-Jussi, additional, and Viitanen, Jari, additional

Published
2020
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44. Catering Information Needs from Global to Local Scales-Potential and Challenges with National Forest Inventories

Author

Kangas, Annika, Raty, Minna, Korhonen, Kari T., Vauhkonen, Jari, Packalen, Tuula, Department of Forest Sciences, and Forest Ecology and Management

Subjects
model errors, K-NEAREST NEIGHBORS, REFERENCE DEFINITIONS, 4112 Forestry, bias, hybrid, bridging, design-based, MODEL-ASSISTED ESTIMATION, GROWING STOCK, scale, models, DATA ASSIMILATION, LIDAR SAMPLE SURVEY, harmonization, VOLUME, model-based, SMALL-AREA ESTIMATION, HEDMARK COUNTY, ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS
Abstract

Forest information is needed at global, national and local scales. This review aimed at providing insights of potential of national forest inventories (NFIs) as well as challenges they have to cater to those needs. Within NFIs, the authors address the methodological challenges introduced by the multitude of scales the forest data are needed, and the challenges in acknowledging the errors due to the measurements and models in addition to sampling errors. Between NFIs, the challenges related to the different harmonization tasks were reviewed. While a design-based approach is often considered more attractive than a model-based approach as it is guaranteed to provide unbiased results, the model-based approach is needed for downscaling the information to smaller scales and acknowledging the measurement and model errors. However, while a model-based inference is possible in small areas, the unknown random effects introduce biased estimators. The NFIs need to cater for the national information requirements and maintain the existing time series, while at the same time providing comparable information across the countries. In upscaling the NFI information to continental and global information needs, representative samples across the area are of utmost importance. Without representative data, the model-based approaches enable provision of forest information with unknown and indeterminable biases. Both design-based and model-based approaches need to be applied to cater to all information needs. This must be accomplished in a comprehensive way In particular, a need to have standardized quality requirements has been identified, acknowledging the possibility for bias and its implications, for all data used in policy making.

Published
2019

47. Harmonisation of stem volume estimates in European National Forest Inventories

Author

Gschwantner, Thomas, Alberdi, Iciar, Balázs, András, Bauwens, Sébastien, Bender, Susann, Borota, Dragan, Bosela, Michal, Bouriaud, Olivier, Cañellas, Isabel, Donis, Jānis, Freudenschuß, Alexandra, Hervé, Jean-Christophe, Hladnik, David, Jansons, Jurģis, Kolozs, László, Korhonen, Kari T., Kucera, Milos, Kulbokas, Gintaras, Kuliešis, Andrius, Lanz, Adrian, Lejeune, Philippe, Lind, Torgny, Marin, Gheorghe, Morneau, François, Nagy, Dóra, Nord-Larsen, Thomas, Nunes, Leónia, Pantić, Damjan, Paulo, Joana A., Pikula, Tomas, Redmond, John, Rego, Francisco C., Riedel, Thomas, Saint-André, Laurent, Šebeň, Vladimír, Sims, Allan, Skudnik, Mitja, Solti, György, Tomter, Stein M., Twomey, Mark, Westerlund, Bertil, Zell, Jürgen, Gschwantner, Thomas, Alberdi, Iciar, Balázs, András, Bauwens, Sébastien, Bender, Susann, Borota, Dragan, Bosela, Michal, Bouriaud, Olivier, Cañellas, Isabel, Donis, Jānis, Freudenschuß, Alexandra, Hervé, Jean-Christophe, Hladnik, David, Jansons, Jurģis, Kolozs, László, Korhonen, Kari T., Kucera, Milos, Kulbokas, Gintaras, Kuliešis, Andrius, Lanz, Adrian, Lejeune, Philippe, Lind, Torgny, Marin, Gheorghe, Morneau, François, Nagy, Dóra, Nord-Larsen, Thomas, Nunes, Leónia, Pantić, Damjan, Paulo, Joana A., Pikula, Tomas, Redmond, John, Rego, Francisco C., Riedel, Thomas, Saint-André, Laurent, Šebeň, Vladimír, Sims, Allan, Skudnik, Mitja, Solti, György, Tomter, Stein M., Twomey, Mark, Westerlund, Bertil, and Zell, Jürgen

Published
2019

50. Harmonisation of stem volume estimates in European National Forest Inventories

Author

Gschwantner, Thomas, primary, Alberdi, Iciar, additional, Balázs, András, additional, Bauwens, Sébastien, additional, Bender, Susann, additional, Borota, Dragan, additional, Bosela, Michal, additional, Bouriaud, Olivier, additional, Cañellas, Isabel, additional, Donis, Jānis, additional, Freudenschuß, Alexandra, additional, Hervé, Jean-Christophe, additional, Hladnik, David, additional, Jansons, Jurģis, additional, Kolozs, László, additional, Korhonen, Kari T., additional, Kucera, Milos, additional, Kulbokas, Gintaras, additional, Kuliešis, Andrius, additional, Lanz, Adrian, additional, Lejeune, Philippe, additional, Lind, Torgny, additional, Marin, Gheorghe, additional, Morneau, François, additional, Nagy, Dóra, additional, Nord-Larsen, Thomas, additional, Nunes, Leónia, additional, Pantić, Damjan, additional, Paulo, Joana A., additional, Pikula, Tomas, additional, Redmond, John, additional, Rego, Francisco C., additional, Riedel, Thomas, additional, Saint-André, Laurent, additional, Šebeň, Vladimír, additional, Sims, Allan, additional, Skudnik, Mitja, additional, Solti, György, additional, Tomter, Stein M., additional, Twomey, Mark, additional, Westerlund, Bertil, additional, and Zell, Jürgen, additional

Published
2019
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