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1. Benchmarking the design of the cryogenics system for the underground argon in DarkSide-20k

Author: Collaboration, DarkSide-20k, Acerbi, F., Adhikari, P., Agnes, P., Ahmad, I., Albergo, S., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Alexander, T., Alton, A. K., Amaudruz, P., Angiolilli, M., Aprile, E., Ardito, R., Corona, M. Atzori, Auty, D. J., Ave, M., Avetisov, I. C., Azzolini, O., Back, H. O., Balmforth, Z., Olmedo, A. Barrado, Barrillon, P., Batignani, G., Bhowmick, P., Blua, S., Bocci, V., Bonivento, W., Bottino, B., Boulay, M. G., Buchowicz, A., Bussino, S., Busto, J., Cadeddu, M., Cadoni, M., Calabrese, R., Camillo, V., Caminata, A., Canci, N., Capra, A., Caravati, M., Cárdenas-Montes, M., Cargioli, N., Carlini, M., Castellani, A., Castello, P., Cavalcante, P., Cebrian, S., Ruiz, J. Cela, Chashin, S., Chepurnov, A., Cifarelli, L., Cintas, D., Citterio, M., Cleveland, B., Coadou, Y., Cocco, V., Colaiuda, D., Vilda, E. Conde, Consiglio, L., Costa, B. S., Czubak, M., D'Aniello, M., D'Auria, S., Rolo, M. D. Da Rocha, Darbo, G., Davini, S., De Cecco, S., De Guido, G., Dellacasa, G., Derbin, A. V., Devoto, A., Di Capua, F., Di Ludovico, A., Di Noto, L., Di Stefano, P., Dias, L. K., Mairena, D. Díaz, Ding, X., Dionisi, C., Dolganov, G., Dordei, F., Dronik, V., Elersich, A., Ellingwood, E., Erjavec, T., Diaz, M. Fernandez, Ficorella, A., Fiorillo, G., Franchini, P., Franco, D., Gatti, H. Frandini, Frolov, E., Gabriele, F., Gahan, D., Galbiati, C., Galiński, G., Gallina, G., Gallus, G., Garbini, M., Abia, P. Garcia, Gawdzik, A., Gendotti, A., Ghisi, A., Giovanetti, G. K., Casanueva, V. Goicoechea, Gola, A., Grandi, L., Grauso, G., di Cortona, G. Grilli, Grobov, A., Gromov, M., Guerzoni, M., Gulino, M., Guo, C., Hackett, B. R., Hallin, A., Hamer, A., Haranczyk, M., Harrop, B., Hessel, T., Hill, S., Horikawa, S., Hu, J., Hubaut, F., Hucker, J., Hugues, T., Hungerford, E. V., Ianni, A., Ippolito, V., Jamil, A., Jillings, C., Jois, S., Kachru, P., Keloth, R., Kemmerich, N., Kemp, A., Kendziora, C. L., Kimura, M., Kish, A., Kondo, K., Korga, G., Kotsiopoulou, L., Koulosousas, S., Kubankin, A., Kunzé, P., Kuss, M., Kuźniak, M., Kuzwa, M., La Commara, M., Lai, M., Guirriec, E. Le, Leason, E., Leoni, A., Lidey, L., Lissia, M., Luzzi, L., Lychagina, O., Macfadyen, O., Machulin, I. N., Manecki, S., Manthos, I., Mapelli, L., Marasciulli, A., Mari, S. M., Mariani, C., Maricic, J., Martinez, M., Martoff, C. J., Matteucci, G., Mavrokoridis, K., McDonald, A. B., Mclaughlin, J., Merzi, S., Messina, A., Milincic, R., Minutoli, S., Mitra, A., Moharana, A., Moioli, S., Monroe, J., Moretti, E., Morrocchi, M., Mroz, T., Muratova, V. N., Murphy, M., Murra, M., Muscas, C., Musico, P., Nania, R., Nessi, M., Nieradka, G., Nikolopoulos, K., Nikoloudaki, E., Nowak, J., Olchanski, K., Oleinik, A., Oleynikov, V., Organtini, P., de Solórzano, A. Ortiz, Pallavicini, M., Pandola, L., Pantic, E., Paoloni, E., Papi, D., Pastuszak, G., Paternoster, G., Peck, A., Pegoraro, P. A., Pelczar, K., Pellegrini, L. A., Perez, R., Perotti, F., Pesudo, V., Piacentini, S. I., Pino, N., Plante, G., Pocar, A., Poehlmann, M., Pordes, S., Pralavorio, P., Price, D., Puglia, S., Bazetto, M. Queiroga, Ragusa, F., Ramachers, Y., Ramirez, A., Ravinthiran, S., Razeti, M., Renshaw, A. L., Rescigno, M., Retiere, F., Rignanese, L. P., Rivetti, A., Roberts, A., Roberts, C., Rogers, G., Romero, L., Rossi, M., Rubbia, A., Rudik, D., Sabia, M., Salomone, P., Samoylov, O., Sandford, E., Sanfilippo, S., Santone, D., Santorelli, R., Santos, E. M., Savarese, C., Scapparone, E., Schillaci, G., Schuckman II, F. G., Scioli, G., Semenov, D. A., Shalamova, V., Sheshukov, A., Simeone, M., Skensved, P., Skorokhvatov, M. D., Smirnov, O., Smirnova, T., Smith, B., Sotnikov, A., Spadoni, F., Spangenberg, M., Stefanizzi, R., Steri, A., Stornelli, V., Stracka, S., Sulis, S., Sung, A., Sunny, C., Suvorov, Y., Szelc, A. M., Taborda, O., Tartaglia, R., Taylor, A., Taylor, J., Tedesco, S., Testera, G., Thieme, K., Thompson, A., Thorpe, T. N., Tonazzo, A., Torres-Lara, S., Tricomi, A., Unzhakov, E. V., Vallivilayil, T. J., Van Uffelen, M., Velazquez-Fernandez, L., Viant, T., Viel, S., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., Vossebeld, J., Vyas, B., Wada, M., Walczak, M. B., Wang, H., Wang, Y., Westerdale, S., Williams, L., Wojaczyński, R., Wojcik, M., Wojcik, M. M., Wright, T., Xiao, X., Xie, Y., Yang, C., Yin, J., Zabihi, A., Zakhary, P., Zani, A., Zhang, Y., Zhu, T., Zichichi, A., Zuzel, G., and Zykova, M. P.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: DarkSide-20k (DS-20k) is a dark matter detection experiment under construction at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS) in Italy. It utilises ~100 t of low radioactivity argon from an underground source (UAr) in its inner detector, with half serving as target in a dual-phase time projection chamber (TPC). The UAr cryogenics system must maintain stable thermodynamic conditions throughout the experiment's lifetime of >10 years. Continuous removal of impurities and radon from the UAr is essential for maximising signal yield and mitigating background. We are developing an efficient and powerful cryogenics system with a gas purification loop with a target circulation rate of 1000 slpm. Central to its design is a condenser operated with liquid nitrogen which is paired with a gas heat exchanger cascade, delivering a combined cooling power of >8 kW. Here we present the design choices in view of the DS-20k requirements, in particular the condenser's working principle and the cooling control, and we show test results obtained with a dedicated benchmarking platform at CERN and LNGS. We find that the thermal efficiency of the recirculation loop, defined in terms of nitrogen consumption per argon flow rate, is 95 % and the pressure in the test cryostat can be maintained within $\pm$(0.1-0.2) mbar. We further detail a 5-day cool-down procedure of the test cryostat, maintaining a cooling rate typically within -2 K/h, as required for the DS-20k inner detector. Additionally, we assess the circuit's flow resistance, and the heat transfer capabilities of two heat exchanger geometries for argon phase change, used to provide gas for recirculation. We conclude by discussing how our findings influence the finalisation of the system design, including necessary modifications to meet requirements and ongoing testing activities., Comment: 45 pages, 24 figures
Published: 2024

2. DarkSide-20k sensitivity to light dark matter particles

Author: Collaboration, DarkSide-20k, Acerbi, F., Adhikari, P., Agnes, P., Ahmad, I., Albergo, S., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Alexander, T., Alton, A. K., Amaudruz, P., Angiolilli, M., Aprile, E., Ardito, R., Corona, M. Atzori, Auty, D. J., Ave, M., Avetisov, I. C., Azzolini, O., Back, H. O., Balmforth, Z., Olmedo, A. Barrado, Barrillon, P., Batignani, G., Bhowmick, P., Blua, S., Bocci, V., Bonivento, W., Bottino, B., Boulay, M. G., Buchowicz, A., Bussino, S., Busto, J., Cadeddu, M., Cadoni, M., Calabrese, R., Camillo, V., Caminata, A., Canci, N., Capra, A., Caravati, M., Cárdenas-Montes, M., Cargioli, N., Carlini, M., Castellani, A., Castello, P., Cavalcante, P., Cebrian, S., Ruiz, J. M. Cela, Chashin, S., Chepurnov, A., Cifarelli, L., Cintas, D., Citterio, M., Cleveland, B., Coadou, Y., Cocco, V., Colaiuda, D., Vilda, E. Conde, Consiglio, L., Costa, B. S., Czubak, M., D'Aniello, M., D'Auria, S., Rolo, M. D. Da Rocha, Darbo, G., Davini, S., De Cecco, S., De Guido, G., Dellacasa, G., Derbin, A. V., Devoto, A., Di Capua, F., Di Ludovico, A., Di Noto, L., Di Stefano, P., Dias, L. K., Mairena, D. Díaz, Ding, X., Dionisi, C., Dolganov, G., Dordei, F., Dronik, V., Elersich, A., Ellingwood, E., Erjavec, T., Diaz, M. Fernandez, Ficorella, A., Fiorillo, G., Franchini, P., Franco, D., Gatti, H. Frandini, Frolov, E., Gabriele, F., Gahan, D., Galbiati, C., Galiński, G., Gallina, G., Gallus, G., Garbini, M., Abia, P. Garcia, Gawdzik, A., Gendotti, A., Ghisi, A., Giovanetti, G. K., Casanueva, V. Goicoechea, Gola, A., Grandi, L., Grauso, G., di Cortona, G. Grilli, Grobov, A., Gromov, M., Guerzoni, M., Gulino, M., Guo, C., Hackett, B. R., Hallin, A., Hamer, A., Haranczyk, M., Harrop, B., Hessel, T., Hill, S., Horikawa, S., Hu, J., Hubaut, F., Hucker, J., Hugues, T., Hungerford, E. V., Ianni, A., Ippolito, V., Jamil, A., Jillings, C., Jois, S., Kachru, P., Keloth, R., Kemmerich, N., Kemp, A., Kendziora, C. L., Kimura, M., Kondo, K., Korga, G., Kotsiopoulou, L., Koulosousas, S., Kubankin, A., Kunzé, P., Kuss, M., Kuźniak, M., Kuzwa, M., La Commara, M., Lai, M., Guirriec, E. Le, Leason, E., Leoni, A., Lidey, L., Lissia, M., Luzzi, L., Lychagina, O., Macfadyen, O., Machulin, I. N., Manecki, S., Manthos, I., Mapelli, L., Marasciulli, A., Mari, S. M., Mariani, C., Maricic, J., Martinez, M., Martoff, C. J., Matteucci, G., Mavrokoridis, K., McDonald, A. B., Mclaughlin, J., Merzi, S., Messina, A., Milincic, R., Minutoli, S., Mitra, A., Moioli, S., Monroe, J., Moretti, E., Morrocchi, M., Mroz, T., Muratova, V. N., Murphy, M., Murra, M., Muscas, C., Musico, P., Nania, R., Nessi, M., Nieradka, G., Nikolopoulos, K., Nikoloudaki, E., Nowak, J., Olchanski, K., Oleinik, A., Oleynikov, V., Organtini, P., de Solórzano, A. Ortiz, Pallavicini, M., Pandola, L., Pantic, E., Paoloni, E., Papi, D., Pastuszak, G., Paternoster, G., Peck, A., Pegoraro, P. A., Pelczar, K., Pellegrini, L. A., Perez, R., Perotti, F., Pesudo, V., Piacentini, S. I., Pino, N., Plante, G., Pocar, A., Poehlmann, M., Pordes, S., Pralavorio, P., Price, D., Puglia, S., Bazetto, M. Queiroga, Ragusa, F., Ramachers, Y., Ramirez, A., Ravinthiran, S., Razeti, M., Renshaw, A. L., Rescigno, M., Retiere, F., Rignanese, L. P., Rivetti, A., Roberts, A., Roberts, C., Rogers, G., Romero, L., Rossi, M., Rubbia, A., Rudik, D., Sabia, M., Salomone, P., Samoylov, O., Sandford, E., Sanfilippo, S., Santone, D., Santorelli, R., Santos, E. M., Savarese, C., Scapparone, E., Schillaci, G., Schuckman II, F. G., Scioli, G., Semenov, D. A., Shalamova, V., Sheshukov, A., Simeone, M., Skensved, P., Skorokhvatov, M. D., Smirnov, O., Smirnova, T., Smith, B., Sotnikov, A., Spadoni, F., Spangenberg, M., Stefanizzi, R., Steri, A., Stornelli, V., Stracka, S., Sulis, S., Sung, A., Sunny, C., Suvorov, Y., Szelc, A. M., Taborda, O., Tartaglia, R., Taylor, A., Taylor, J., Tedesco, S., Testera, G., Thieme, K., Thompson, A., Tonazzo, A., Torres-Lara, S., Tricomi, A., Unzhakov, E. V., Vallivilayil, T. J., Van Uffelen, M., Velazquez-Fernandez, L., Viant, T., Viel, S., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., Vossebeld, J., Vyas, B., Walczak, M. B., Wang, Y., Wang, H., Westerdale, S., Williams, L., Wojaczyński, R., Wojcik, M., Wojcik, M. M., Wright, T., Xie, Y., Yang, C., Yin, J., Zabihi, A., Zakhary, P., Zani, A., Zhang, Y., Zhu, T., Zichichi, A., Zuzel, G., and Zykova, M. P.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: The dual-phase liquid argon time projection chamber is presently one of the leading technologies to search for dark matter particles with masses below 10 GeV/c$^2$. This was demonstrated by the DarkSide-50 experiment with approximately 50 kg of low-radioactivity liquid argon as target material. The next generation experiment DarkSide-20k, currently under construction, will use 1,000 times more argon and is expected to start operation in 2027. Based on the DarkSide-50 experience, here we assess the DarkSide-20k sensitivity to models predicting light dark matter particles, including Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) and sub-GeV/c$^2$ particles interacting with electrons in argon atoms. With one year of data, a sensitivity improvement to dark matter interaction cross-sections by at least one order of magnitude with respect to DarkSide-50 is expected for all these models. A sensitivity to WIMP--nucleon interaction cross-sections below $1\times10^{-42}$ cm$^2$ is achievable for WIMP masses above 800 MeV/c$^2$. With 10 years exposure, the neutrino fog can be reached for WIMP masses around 5 GeV/c$^2$., Comment: submitted to Nature Communications
Published: 2024

3. Recent results from Borexino on solar neutrinos

Author: Basilico D., Appel S., Bagdasarian Z., Bellini G., Benziger J., Biondi R., Caccianiga B., Calaprice F., Caminata A., Chepurnov A., D’Angelo D., Derbin A., Di Giacinto A., Di Marcello V., Ding X.F., Di Ludovico A., Di Noto L., Drachnev I., Franco D., Galbiati C., Ghiano C., Giammarchi M., Goretti A., Göttel A.S., Gromov L., Guffanti D., Ianni Aldo, Ianni Andrea, Jany A., Kobychev V., Korga G., Kumaran S., Laubenstein M., Litvinovich E., Lombardi P., Lomskaya I., Ludhova L., Lukyanchenko G., Machulin I., Martyn J., Meroni E., Miramonti L., Misiaszek M., Muratova V., Nugmanov R., Oberauer L., Orekhov V., Ortica F., Pallavicini M., Pelicci L., Penek Ö., Pietrofaccia L., Pilipenko N., Pocar A., Raikov G., Ranalli M.T., Ranucci G., Razeto A., Re A., Redchuk M., Rossi N., Schönert S., Semenov D., Settanta G., Skorokhvatov M., Singhal A., Smirnov O., Sotnikov A., Tartaglia R., Testera G., Unzhakov E., Villante F., Vishneva A., Vogelaar R.B., von Feilitzsch F., Wojcik M., Wurm M., Zavatarelli S., Zuber K., and Zuzel G.
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: Borexino has been a neutrino detector based on ultrapure liquid scintillator, located at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Italy. Its main scientific goal was the real-time measurement of solar neutrino fluxes, which play an irreplaceable role for the comprehension of the mechanisms powering our star. Over the past two years, the Borexino collaboration has pursued the improvement of the CNO flux measurement, obtaining further indications about the solar metallicity. In a parallel way, Borexino has demonstrated for the first time the possibility of exploiting the directional Cherenkov information, in a liquid scintillator detector, for the detection of sub-MeV solar neutrinos.
Published: 2023
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4. A new hybrid gadolinium nanoparticles-loaded polymeric material for neutron detection in rare event searches

Author: Collaboration, DarkSide-20k, Acerbi, F., Adhikari, P., Agnes, P., Ahmad, I., Albergo, S., Albuquerque, I. F., Alexander, T., Alton, A. K., Amaudruz, P., Angiolilli, M., Aprile, E., Ardito, R., Corona, M. Atzori, Auty, D. J., Ave, M., Avetisov, I. C., Azzolini, O., Back, H. O., Balmforth, Z., Olmedo, A. Barrado, Barrillon, P., Batignani, G., Bhowmick, P., Bocci, V., Bonivento, W., Bottino, B., Boulay, M. G., Buchowicz, A., Bussino, S., Busto, J., Cadeddu, M., Cadoni, M., Calabrese, R., Camillo, V., Caminata, A., Canci, N., Capra, A., Caravati, M., Cárdenas-Montes, M., Cargioli, N., Carlini, M., Castellani, A., Castello, P., Cavalcante, P., Cavallo, D., Cebrian, S., Ruiz, J. Cela, Chashin, S., Chepurnov, A., Cifarelli, L., Cintas, D., Citterio, M., Cleveland, B., Coadou, Y., Cocco, V., Colaiuda, D., Vilda, E. Conde, Consiglio, L., Costa, B. S., Czubak, M., D'Auria, S., Rolo, M. D. Da Rocha, Darbo, G., Davini, S., De Cecco, S., De Guido, G., Dellacasa, G., Derbin, A. V., Devoto, A., Di Capua, F., Di Ludovico, A., Di Noto, L., Di Stefano, P., Dias, L. K., Mairena, D. Díaz, Ding, X., Dionisi, C., Dolganov, G., Dordei, F., Dronik, V., Elersich, A., Ellingwood, E., Erjavec, T., Diaz, M. Fernandez, Ficorella, A., Fiorillo, G., Franchini, P., Franco, D., Gatti, H. Frandini, Frolov, E., Gabriele, F., Gahan, D., Galbiati, C., Galinski, G., Gallina, G., Garbini, M., Abia, P. Garcia, Gawdzik, A., Gendotti, A., Ghisi, A., Giovanetti, G. K., Casanueva, V. Goicoechea, Gola, A., Grandi, L., Grauso, G., di Cortona, G. Grilli, Grobov, A., Gromov, M., Guerzoni, M., Gulino, M., Guo, C., Hackett, B. R., Hallin, A., Hamer, A., Haranczyk, M., Harrop, B., Hessel, T., Hill, S., Horikawa, S., Hu, J., Hubaut, F., Hucker, J., Hugues, T., Hungerford, E. V., Ianni, A., Ippolito, V., Jamil, A., Jillings, C., Keloth, R., Kemmerich, N., Kemp, A., Kendziora, C. L., Kimura, M., Kondo, K., Korga, G., Kotsiopoulou, L., Koulosousas, S., Kubankin, A., Kuss, M., Kuzniak, M., Kuzwa, M., La Commara, M., Lai, M., Guirriec, E. Le, Leason, E., Leoni, A., Lidey, L., Lissia, M., Luzzi, L., Lychagina, O., Macfadyen, O., Machulin, I. N., Manecki, S., Manthos, I., Mapelli, L., Marasciulli, A., Mari, S. M., Mariani, C., Maricic, J., Marini, A., Martinez, M., Martoff, C. J., Matteucci, G., Mavrokoridis, K., McDonald, A. B., Mclaughlin, J., Merzi, S., Messina, A., Milincic, R., Minutoli, S., Mitra, A., Moharana, A., Moioli, S., Monroe, J., Moretti, E., Morrocchi, M., Mroz, T., Muratova, V. N., Murphy, M., Murra, M., Muscas, C., Musico, P., Nania, R., Nessi, M., Nieradka, G., Nikolopoulos, K., Nikoloudaki, E., Nowak, J., Olchanski, K., Oleinik, A., Oleynikov, V., Organtini, P., de Solórzano, A. Ortiz, Pallavicini, M., Pandola, L., Pantic, E., Paoloni, E., Papi, D., Pastuszak, G., Paternoster, G., Peddis, D., Pegoraro, P. A., Pelczar, K., Pellegrini, L. A., Perez, R., Perotti, F., Pesudo, V., Piacentini, S. I., Pino, N., Plante, G., Pocar, A., Poehlmann, M., Pordes, S., Pralavorio, P., Price, D., Puglia, S., Bazetto, M. Queiroga, Ragusa, F., Ramachers, Y., Ramirez, A., Ravinthiran, S., Razeti, M., Renshaw, A. L., Rescigno, M., Retiere, F., Rignanese, L. P., Rivetti, A., Roberts, A., Roberts, C., Rogers, G., Romero, L., Rossi, M., Rubbia, A., Rudik, D., Sabia, M., Sadashivajois, S., Salomone, P., Samoylov, O., Sandford, E., Sanfilippo, S., Santone, D., Santorelli, R., Santos, E. M., Savarese, C., Scapparone, E., Schillaci, G., Schuckman II, F. G., Scioli, G., Semenov, D. A., Sheshukov, A., Simeone, M., Skensved, P., Skorokhvatov, M. D., Slimani, S., Smirnov, O., Smirnova, T., Smith, B., Sotnikov, A., Spadoni, F., Spangenberg, M., Stefanizzi, R., Steri, A., Stornelli, V., Stracka, S., Sulis, S., Sung, A., Sunny, C., Suvorov, Y., Szelc, A. M., Taborda, O., Tartaglia, R., Taylor, A., Taylor, J., Tedesco, S., Testera, G., Thieme, K., Thompson, A., Tonazzo, A., Torres-Lara, S., Tosi, S., Tricomi, A., Unzhakov, E. V., Vallivilayil, T. J., Van Uffelen, M., Velazquez-Fernandez, L., Viant, T., Vicini, S., Viel, S., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., Vossebeld, J., Vyas, B., Wada, M., Walczak, M. B., Wang, H., Wang, Y., Westerdale, S., Williams, L., Wojaczynski, R., Wojcik, M. M., Wojcik, M., Wright, T., Xie, Y., Yang, C., Yin, J., Zabihi, A., Zakhary, P., Zani, A., Zhang, Y., Zhu, T., Zichichi, A., Zuzel, G., and Zykova, M. P.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Experiments aimed at direct searches for WIMP dark matter require highly effective reduction of backgrounds and control of any residual radioactive contamination. In particular, neutrons interacting with atomic nuclei represent an important class of backgrounds due to the expected similarity of a WIMP-nucleon interaction, so that such experiments often feature a dedicated neutron detector surrounding the active target volume. In the context of the development of DarkSide-20k detector at INFN Gran Sasso National Laboratory (LNGS), several R&D projects were conceived and developed for the creation of a new hybrid material rich in both hydrogen and gadolinium nuclei to be employed as an essential element of the neutron detector. Thanks to its very high cross-section for neutron capture, gadolinium is one of the most widely used elements in neutron detectors, while the hydrogen-rich material is instrumental in efficiently moderating the neutrons. In this paper results from one of the R&Ds are presented. In this effort the new hybrid material was obtained as a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) matrix, loaded with gadolinium oxide in the form of nanoparticles. We describe its realization, including all phases of design, purification, construction, characterization, and determination of mechanical properties of the new material.
Published: 2024
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5. Long-term temporal stability of the DarkSide-50 dark matter detector

Author: Collaboration, The DarkSide-50, Agnes, P., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Alexander, T., Alton, A. K., Ave, M., Back, H. O., Batignani, G., Biery, K., Bocci, V., Bonivento, W. M., Bottino, B., Bussino, S., Cadeddu, M., Cadoni, M., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Campos, M. D., Canci, N., Caravati, M., Cargioli, N., Cariello, M., Carlini, M., Cataudella, V., Cavalcante, P., Cavuoti, S., Chashin, S., Chepurnov, A., Cicalò, C., Covone, G., D'Angelo, D., Davini, S., De Candia, A., De Cecco, S., De Filippis, G., De Rosa, G., Derbin, A. V., Devoto, A., D'Incecco, M., Dionisi, C., Dordei, F., Downing, M., D'Urso, D., Fairbairn, M., Fiorillo, G., Franco, D., Gabriele, F., Galbiati, C., Ghiano, C., Giganti, C., Giovanetti, G. K., Goretti, A. M., di Cortona, G. Grilli, Grobov, A., Gromov, M., Guan, M., Gulino, M., Hackett, B. R., Herner, K., Hessel, T., Hosseini, B., Hubaut, F., Hugues, T., Hungerford, E. V., Ianni, An., Ippolito, V., Keeter, K., Kendziora, C. L., Kimura, M., Kochanek, I., Korablev, D., Korga, G., Kubankin, A., Kuss, M., Kuźniak, M., La Commara, M., Lai, M., Li, X., Lissia, M., Longo, G., Lychagina, O., Machulin, I. N., Mapelli, L. P., Mari, S. M., Maricic, J., Messina, A., Milincic, R., Monroe, J., Morrocchi, M., Mougeot, X., Muratova, V. N., Musico, P., Nozdrina, A. O., Oleinik, A., Ortica, F., Pagani, L., Pallavicini, M., Pandola, L., Pantic, E., Paoloni, E., Pelczar, K., Pelliccia, N., Piacentini, S., Pocar, A., Poehlmann, D. M., Pordes, S., Poudel, S. S., Pralavorio, P., Price, D. D., Ragusa, F., Razeti, M., Razeto, A., Renshaw, A. L., Rescigno, M., Rode, J., Romani, A., Sablone, D., Samoylov, O., Sandford, E., Sands, W., Sanfilippo, S., Savarese, C., Schlitzer, B., Semenov, D. A., Shchagin, A., Sheshukov, A., Skorokhvatov, M. D., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Stracka, S., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Tonazzo, A., Unzhakov, E. V., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., Wada, M., Wang, H., Wang, Y., Westerdale, S., Wojcik, M. M., Xiao, X., Yang, C., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The stability of a dark matter detector on the timescale of a few years is a key requirement due to the large exposure needed to achieve a competitive sensitivity. It is especially crucial to enable the detector to potentially detect any annual event rate modulation, an expected dark matter signature. In this work, we present the performance history of the DarkSide-50 dual-phase argon time projection chamber over its almost three-year low-radioactivity argon run. In particular, we focus on the electroluminescence signal that enables sensitivity to sub-keV energy depositions. The stability of the electroluminescence yield is found to be better than 0.5%. Finally, we show the temporal evolution of the observed event rate around the sub-keV region being consistent to the background prediction., Comment: 13 pages, 5 figures
Published: 2023
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6. Novel techniques for alpha/beta pulse shape discrimination in Borexino

Author: Basilico, D., Bellini, G., Benziger, J., Biondi, R., Caccianiga, B., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Chepurnov, A., D'Angelo, D., Derbin, A., Di Giacintov, A., Di Marcello, V., Ding, X. F., Di Ludovico, A., Di Noto, L., Drachnev, I., Franco, D., Galbiati, C., Ghiano, C., Giammarchi, M., Goretti, A., Gromov, M., Guffanti, D., Ianni, Aldo, Ianni, Andrea, Jany, A., Kobychev, V., Korga, G., Kumaran, S., Laubenstein, M., Litvinovich, E., Lombardi, P., Lomskaya, I., Ludhova, L., Machulin, I., Martyn, J., Meroni, E., Miramonti, L., Misiaszek, M., Muratova, V., Nugmanov, R., Oberauer, L., Orekhov, V., Ortica, F., Pallavicini, M., Pelicci, L., Penek, O., Pietrofaccia, L., Pilipenko, N., Pocar, A., Raikov, G., Ranalli, M. T., Ranucci, G., Razeto, A., Re, A., Rossi, N., Schoenert, S., Semenov, D., Settanta, G., Skorokhvatov, M., Singhal, A., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Unzhakov, E., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., von Feilitzsch, F., Wojcik, M., Wurm, M., Zavatarelli, S., Zuber, K., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Borexino could efficiently distinguish between alpha and beta radiation in its liquid scintillator by the characteristic time profile of their scintillation pulse. This alpha/beta discrimination, first demonstrated at the tonne scale in the Counting Test Facility prototype, was used throughout the lifetime of the experiment between 2007 and 2021. With this method, alpha events are identified and subtracted from the beta-like solar neutrino events. This is particularly important in liquid scintillator as alpha scintillation is quenched many-fold. In Borexino, the prominent Po-210 decay peak was a background in the energy range of electrons scattered from Be-7 solar neutrinos. Optimal alpha-beta discrimination was achieved with a "multi-layer perceptron neural network", which its higher ability to leverage the timing information of the scintillation photons detected by the photomultiplier tubes. An event-by-event, high efficiency, stable, and uniform pulse shape discrimination was essential in characterising the spatial distribution of background in the detector. This benefited most Borexino measurements, including solar neutrinos in the \pp chain and the first direct observation of the CNO cycle in the Sun. This paper presents the key milestones in alpha/beta discrimination in Borexino as a term of comparison for current and future large liquid scintillator detectors, Comment: 13 pages, 14 figures
Published: 2023
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7. Directionality of nuclear recoils in a liquid argon time projection chamber

Author: Collaboration, The DarkSide-20k, Agnes, P., Ahmad, I., Albergo, S., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Alexander, T., Alton, A. K., Amaudruz, P., Corona, M. Atzori, Ave, M., Avetisov, I. Ch., Azzolini, O., Back, H. O., Balmforth, Z., Barrado-Olmedo, A., Barrillon, P., Basco, A., Batignani, G., Bocci, V., Bonivento, W. M., Bottino, B., Boulay, M. G., Busto, J., Cadeddu, M., Caminata, A., Canci, N., Cappello, G., Capra, A., Caprioli, S., Caravati, M., Cargioli, N., Carlini, M., Castello, P., Cataudella, V., Cavalcante, P., Cavuoti, S., Cebrian, S., Ruiz, J. M. Cela, Chashin, S., Chepurnov, A., Chyhyrynets, E., Cifarelli, L., Cintas, D., Citterio, M., Cleveland, B., Cocco, V., Vilda, E. Conde, Consiglio, L., Copello, S., Covone, G., Czubak, M., D'Aniello, M., D'Auria, S., Rolo, M. D. Da Rocha, Davini, S., de Candia, A., De Cecco, S., De Gruttola, D., De Filippis, G., Dell'Aquila, D., De Pasquale, S., De Rosa, G., Dellacasa, G., Derbin, A. V., Devoto, A., Di Capua, F., Di Noto, L., Dionisi, C., Di Stefano, P., Dolganov, G., Dordei, F., Elersich, A., Ellingwood, E., Erjavec, T., Diaz, M. Fernandez, Fiorillo, G., Franchini, P., Franco, D., Funicello, N., Gabriele, F., Gahan, D., Galbiati, C., Gallina, G., Gallus, G., Garbini, M., Abia, P. Garcia, Gendotti, A., Ghiano, C., Giganti, C., Giovanetti, G. K., Casanueva, V. Goicoechea, Gola, A., Grauso, G., di Cortona, G. Grilli, Grobov, A., Gromov, M., Guan, M., Guerzoni, M., Gulino, M., Guo, C., Hackett, B. R., Hallin, A. L., Hamer, A., Haranczyk, M., Hessel, T., Hill, S., Horikawa, S., Hubaut, F., Hucker, J., Hugues, T., Ianni, An., Ippolito, V., Jillings, C., Jois, S., Kachru, P., Kemmerich, N., Kemp, A. A., Kendziora, C. L., Kimura, M., Kochanek, I., Kondo, K., Korga, G., Koulosousas, S., Kubankin, A., Kuss, M., Kuzniak, M., La Commara, M., Lai, M., Guirriec, E. Le, Leason, E., Leoni, A., Li, X., Lidey, L., Lissia, M., Luzzi, L., Lychagina, O., Macfadyen, O., Machulin, I. N., Manecki, S., Manthos, I., Mapelli, L., Margotti, A., Marik, S. M., Mariani, C., Maricic, J., Marini, A., Martínez, M., Martoff, C. J., Matteucci, G., Mavrokoridis, K., McDonald, A. B., Messina, A., Milincic, R., Mitra, A., Moharana, A., Monroe, J., Moretti, E., Morrocchi, M., Mróz, T., Muratova, V. N., Muscas, C., Musico, P., Nania, R., Nessi, M., Nieradka, G., Nikolopoulos, K., Nowak, J., Olchansky, K., Oleinik, A., Oleynikov, V., Organtini, P., de Solórzano, A. Ortiz, Pagani, L., Pallavicini, M., Pandola, L., Pantic, E., Paoloni, E., Paternoster, G., Pegoraro, P. A., Pelczar, K., Pesudo, V., Piacentini, S., Pino, N., Pocar, A., Poehlmann, D. M., Pordes, S., Pralavorio, P., Price, D., Ragusa, F., Ramachers, Y., Razeti, M., Renshaw, A. L., Rescigno, M., Retiere, F., Rignanese, L. P., Ripoli, C., Rivetti, A., Roberts, A., Roberts, C., Rode, J., Rogers, G., Romero, L., Rossi, M., Rubbia, A., Sabia, M. A., Salomone, P., Sandford, E., Sanfilippo, S., Santone, D., Santorelli, R., Savarese, C., Scapparone, E., Schillaci, G., Schuckman II, F. G., Scioli, G., Simeone, M., Skensved, P., Skorokhvatov, M. D., Smirnov, O., Smirnova, T., Smith, B., Sosa, A., Spadoni, F., Spangenberg, M., Stefanizzi, R., Steri, A., Stornelli, V., Stracka, S., Stringer, M., Sulis, S., Sung, A., Suvorov, Y., Szelc, A. M., Tartaglia, R., Taylor, A., Taylor, J., Tedesco, S., Testera, G., Thieme, K., Thorpe, T. N., Tonazzo, A., Tricomi, A., Unzhakov, E. V., John, T. Vallivilayil, Van Uffelen, M., Viant, T., Viel, S., Vogelaar, R. B., Vossebeld, J., Wada, M., Walczak, M. B., Wang, H., Wang, Y., Westerdale, S., Williams, L., Wingerter-Seez, I., Wojaczynski, R., Wojcik, Ma. M., Wright, T., Xie, Y., Yang, C., Zabihi, A., Zakhary, P., Zani, A., Zichichi, A., Zuzel, G., and Zykova, M. P.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The direct search for dark matter in the form of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMP) is performed by detecting nuclear recoils (NR) produced in a target material from the WIMP elastic scattering. A promising experimental strategy for direct dark matter search employs argon dual-phase time projection chambers (TPC). One of the advantages of the TPC is the capability to detect both the scintillation and charge signals produced by NRs. Furthermore, the existence of a drift electric field in the TPC breaks the rotational symmetry: the angle between the drift field and the momentum of the recoiling nucleus can potentially affect the charge recombination probability in liquid argon and then the relative balance between the two signal channels. This fact could make the detector sensitive to the directionality of the WIMP-induced signal, enabling unmistakable annual and daily modulation signatures for future searches aiming for discovery. The Recoil Directionality (ReD) experiment was designed to probe for such directional sensitivity. The TPC of ReD was irradiated with neutrons at the INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, and data were taken with 72 keV NRs of known recoil directions. The direction-dependent liquid argon charge recombination model by Cataudella et al. was adopted and a likelihood statistical analysis was performed, which gave no indications of significant dependence of the detector response to the recoil direction. The aspect ratio R of the initial ionization cloud is estimated to be 1.037 +/- 0.027 and the upper limit is R < 1.072 with 90% confidence level, Comment: 20 pages, 10 figures, submitted to Eur. Phys. J. C
Published: 2023

8. Final results of Borexino on CNO solar neutrinos

Author: Basilico, D., Bellini, G., Benziger, J., Biondi, R., Caccianiga, B., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Chepurnov, A., D'Angelo, D., Derbin, A., Di Giacinto, A., Di Marcello, V., Ding, X. F., Di Ludovico, A., Di Noto, L., Drachnev, I., Franco, D., Galbiati, C., Ghiano, C., Giammarchi, M., Goretti, A., Gromov, M., Guffanti, D., Ianni, Aldo, Ianni, Andrea, Jany, A., Kobychev, V., Korga, G., Kumaran, S., Laubenstein, M., Litvinovich, E., Lombardi, P., Lomskaya, I., Ludhova, L., Machulin, I., Martyn, J., Meroni, E., Miramonti, L., Misiaszek, M., Muratova, V., Nugmanov, R., Oberauer, L., Orekhov, V., Ortica, F., Pallavicini, M., Pelicci, L., Penek, Ö., Pietrofaccia, L., Pilipenko, N., Pocar, A., Raikov, G., Ranalli, M. T., Ranucci, G., Razeto, A., Re, A., Rossi, N., Schönert, S., Semenov, D., Settanta, G., Skorokhvatov, M., Singhal, A., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Unzhakov, E., Villante, F. L., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., von Feilitzsch, F., Wojcik, M., Wurm, M., Zavatarelli, S., Zuber, K., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: We report the first measurement of CNO solar neutrinos by Borexino that uses the Correlated Integrated Directionality (CID) method, exploiting the sub-dominant Cherenkov light in the liquid scintillator detector. The directional information of the solar origin of the neutrinos is preserved by the fast Cherenkov photons from the neutrino scattered electrons, and is used to discriminate between signal and background. The directional information is independent from the spectral information on which the previous CNO solar neutrino measurements by Borexino were based. While the CNO spectral analysis could only be applied on the Phase-III dataset, the directional analysis can use the complete Borexino data taking period from 2007 to 2021. The absence of CNO neutrinos has been rejected with >5{\sigma} credible level using the Bayesian statistics. The directional CNO measurement is obtained without an external constraint on the $^{210}$Bi contamination of the liquid scintillator, which was applied in the spectral analysis approach. The final and the most precise CNO measurement of Borexino is then obtained by combining the new CID-based CNO result with an improved spectral fit of the Phase-III dataset. Including the statistical and the systematic errors, the extracted CNO interaction rate is $R(\mathrm{CNO})=6.7^{+1.2}_{-0.8} \, \mathrm{cpd/100 \, tonnes}$. Taking into account the neutrino flavor conversion, the resulting CNO neutrino flux at Earth is $\Phi_\mathrm{CNO}=6.7 ^{+1.2}_{-0.8} \times 10^8 \, \mathrm{cm^{-2} s^{-1}}$, in agreement with the high metallicity Standard Solar Models. The results described in this work reinforce the role of the event directional information in large-scale liquid scintillator detectors and open up new avenues for the next-generation liquid scintillator or hybrid neutrino experiments.
Published: 2023
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9. Search for dark matter annual modulation with DarkSide-50

Author: Collaboration, The DarkSide-50, Agnes, P., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Alexander, T., Alton, A. K., Ave, M., Back, H. O., Batignani, G., Biery, K., Bocci, V., Bonivento, W. M., Bottino, B., Bussino, S., Cadeddu, M., Cadoni, M., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Campos, M. D., Canci, N., Caravati, M., Cargioli, N., Cariello, M., Carlini, M., Cataudella, V., Cavalcante, P., Cavuoti, S., Chashin, S., Chepurnov, A., Cicalò, C., Covone, G., D'Angelo, D., Davini, S., De Candia, A., De Cecco, S., De Filippis, G., De Rosa, G., Derbin, A. V., Devoto, A., D'Incecco, M., Dionisi, C., Dordei, F., Downing, M., D'Urso, D., Fairbairn, M., Fiorillo, G., Franco, D., Gabriele, F., Galbiati, C., Ghiano, C., Giganti, C., Giovanetti, G. K., Goretti, A. M., di Cortona, G. Grilli, Grobov, A., Gromov, M., Guan, M., Gulino, M., Hackett, B. R., Herner, K., Hessel, T., Hosseini, B., Hubaut, F., Hugues, T., Hungerford, E. V., Ianni, An., Ippolito, V., Keeter, K., Kendziora, C. L., Kimura, M., Kochanek, I., Korablev, D., Korga, G., Kubankin, A., Kuss, M., Kuźniak, M., La Commara, M., Lai, M., Li, X., Lissia, M., Longo, G., Lychagina, O., Machulin, I. N., Mapelli, L. P., Mari, S. M., Maricic, J., Messina, A., Milincic, R., Monroe, J., Morrocchi, M., Mougeot, X., Muratova, V. N., Musico, P., Nozdrina, A. O., Oleinik, A., Ortica, F., Pagani, L., Pallavicini, M., Pandola, L., Pantic, E., Paoloni, E., Pelczar, K., Pelliccia, N., Piacentini, S., Pocar, A., Poehlmann, D. M., Pordes, S., Poudel, S. S., Pralavorio, P., Price, D. D., Ragusa, F., Razeti, M., Razeto, A., Renshaw, A. L., Rescigno, M., Rode, J., Romani, A., Sablone, D., Samoylov, O., Sandford, E., Sands, W., Sanfilippo, S., Savarese, C., Schlitzer, B., Semenov, D. A., Shchagin, A., Sheshukov, A., Skorokhvatov, M. D., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Stracka, S., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Tonazzo, A., Unzhakov, E. V., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., Wada, M., Wang, H., Wang, Y., Westerdale, S., Wojcik, M. M., Xiao, X., Yang, C., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: Dark matter induced event rate in an Earth-based detector is predicted to show an annual modulation as a result of the Earth's orbital motion around the Sun. We searched for this modulation signature using the ionization signal of the DarkSide-50 liquid argon time projection chamber. No significant signature compatible with dark matter is observed in the electron recoil equivalent energy range above $40~{\rm eV_{ee}}$, the lowest threshold ever achieved in such a search., Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures
Published: 2023
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10. Borexino's search for low-energy neutrinos associated with gravitational wave events from GWTC-3 database

Author: BOREXINO Collaboration, Basilico, D., Bellini, G., Benziger, J., Biondi, R., Caccianiga, B., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Chepurnov, A., Angelo, D. D', Derbin, A., Di Giacinto, A., Di Marcello, V., Ding, X. F., Di Ludovico, A., Di Noto, L., Drachnev, I., Franco, D., Galbiati, C., Ghiano, C., Giammarchi, M., Goretti, A., Gromov, M., Guffanti, D., Ianni, Aldo, Ianni, Andrea, Jany, A., Kobychev, V., Korga, G., Kumaran, S., Laubenstein, M., Litvinovich, E., Lombardi, P., Lomskaya, I., Ludhova, L., Machulin, I., Martyn, J., Meroni, E., Miramonti, L., Misiaszek, M., Muratova, V., Nugmanov, R., Oberauer, L., Orekhov, V., Ortica, F., Pallavicini, M., Pelicci, L., Penek, O., Pietrofaccia, L., Pilipenko, N., Pocar, A., Raikov, G., Ranalli, M. T., Ranucci, G., Razeto, A., Re, A., Rossi, N., Schonert, S., Semenov, D., Settanta, G., Skorokhvatov, M., Singhal, A., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Unzhakov, E., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., von Feilitzsch, F., Wojcik, M., Wurm, M., Zavatarelli, S., Zuber, K., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: The search for neutrino events in correlation with gravitational wave (GW) events for three observing runs (O1, O2 and O3) from 09/2015 to 03/2020 has been performed using the Borexino data-set of the same period. We have searched for signals of neutrino-electron scattering with visible energies above 250 keV within a time window of 1000 s centered at the detection moment of a particular GW event. The search was done with three visible energy thresholds of 0.25, 0.8 and 3.0 MeV.Two types of incoming neutrino spectra were considered: the mono-energetic line and the spectrum expected from supernovae. The same spectra were considered for electron antineutrinos detected through inverse beta-decay (IBD) reaction. GW candidates originated by merging binaries of black holes (BHBH), neutron stars (NSNS) and neutron star and black hole (NSBH) were analysed separately. Additionally, the subset of most intensive BHBH mergers at closer distances and with larger radiative mass than the rest was considered. In total, follow-ups of 74 out of 93 gravitational waves reported in the GWTC-3 catalog were analyzed and no statistically significant excess over the background was observed. As a result, the strongest upper limits on GW-associated neutrino and antineutrino fluences for all flavors (\nu_e, \nu_\mu, \nu_\tau) have been obtained in the (0.5 - 5.0) MeV neutrino energy range., Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures
Published: 2023
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11. Recoil Directionality Experiment

Author: Sanfilippo S., Agnes P., Arba M., Ave M., Baracchini E., Boiano A., Bonivento W. M., Bottino B., Cadeddu M., Caminata A., Caravati M., Cariello M., Carpinelli M., Catalanotti S., Cataudella V., Cereseto R., Cicalò C., Covone G., de Candia A., De Filippis G., De Rosa G., Davini S., Devoto A., Dionisi C., D’Urso D., Fiorillo G., Franco D., Giovannetti G. K., Giganti C., Galbiati C., Gulino M., Korga G., Kuss M., La Commara M., La Delfa L., Lissia M., Mariani A., Mari S. M., Martoff C. J., Masone V., Oleynikov V., Pallavicini M., Pandola L., Razeto A., Rescigno M., Rossi N., Sablone D., Scapparone E., Suvorov Y., Testera G., Tuveri M., Wang H., and Wang Y.
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: Directional sensitivity to nuclear recoils could provide a smoking gun for a possible discovery of dark matter in the form of WIMPs. A hint of directional dependence of the response of a dual-phase liquid argon Time Projection Chamber was found in the SCENE experiment. Given the potential importance of such a capability in the frame work of dark matter searches, a new dedicated experiment, ReD (Recoil Directionality), was designed in the framework of the DarkSide Collaboration, in order to scrutinize this hint. This contribution will describe the performance of the detectors achieved during the first test-beam, the current status of ReD and the perspectives for physics measurements during the forthcoming beam-time.
Published: 2019
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12. Search for low mass dark matter in DarkSide-50: the bayesian network approach

Author: Collaboration, The DarkSide-50, Agnes, P., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Alexander, T., Alton, A. K., Ave, M., Back, H. O., Batignani, G., Biery, K., Bocci, V., Bonivento, W. M., Bottino, B., Bussino, S., Cadeddu, M., Cadoni, M., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Campos, M. D., Canci, N., Caravati, M., Cargioli, N., Cariello, M., Carlini, M., Cataudella, V., Cavalcante, P., Cavuoti, S., Chashin, S., Chepurnov, A., Cicalò, C., Covone, G., D'Angelo, D., Davini, S., De Candia, A., De Cecco, S., De Filippis, G., De Rosa, G., Derbin, A. V., Devoto, A., D'Incecco, M., Dionisi, C., Dordei, F., Downing, M., D'Urso, D., Fairbairn, M., Fiorillo, G., Franco, D., Gabriele, F., Galbiati, C., Ghiano, C., Giganti, C., Giovanetti, G. K., Goretti, A. M., di Cortona, G. Grilli, Grobov, A., Gromov, M., Guan, M., Gulino, M., Hackett, B. R., Herner, K., Hessel, T., Hosseini, B., Hubaut, F., Hungerford, E. V., Ianni, An., Ippolito, V., Keeter, K., Kendziora, C. L., Kimura, M., Kochanek, I., Korablev, D., Korga, G., Kubankin, A., Kuss, M., La Commara, M., Lai, M., Li, X., Lissia, M., Longo, G., Lychagina, O., Machulin, I. N., Mapelli, L. P., Mari, S. M., Maricic, J., Messina, A., Milincic, R., Monroe, J., Morrocchi, M., Mougeot, X., Muratova, V. N., Musico, P., Nozdrina, A. O., Oleinik, A., Ortica, F., Pagani, L., Pallavicini, M., Pandola, L., Pantic, E., Paoloni, E., Pelczar, K., Pelliccia, N., Piacentini, S., Pocar, A., Poehlmann, D. M., Pordes, S., Poudel, S. S., Pralavorio, P., Price, D. D., Ragusa, F., Razeti, M., Razeto, A., Renshaw, A. L., Rescigno, M., Rode, J., Romani, A., Sablone, D., Samoylov, O., Sandford, E., Sands, W., Sanfilippo, S., Savarese, C., Schlitzer, B., Semenov, D. A., Shchagin, A., Sheshukov, A., Skorokhvatov, M. D., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Stracka, S., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Tonazzo, A., Unzhakov, E. V., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., Wada, M., Wang, H., Wang, Y., Westerdale, S., Wojcik, M. M., Xiao, X., Yang, C., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We present a novel approach for the search of dark matter in the DarkSide-50 experiment, relying on Bayesian Networks. This method incorporates the detector response model into the likelihood function, explicitly maintaining the connection with the quantity of interest. No assumptions about the linearity of the problem or the shape of the probability distribution functions are required, and there is no need to morph signal and background spectra as a function of nuisance parameters. By expressing the problem in terms of Bayesian Networks, we have developed an inference algorithm based on a Markov Chain Monte Carlo to calculate the posterior probability. A clever description of the detector response model in terms of parametric matrices allows us to study the impact of systematic variations of any parameter on the final results. Our approach not only provides the desired information on the parameter of interest, but also potential constraints on the response model. Our results are consistent with recent published analyses and further refine the parameters of the detector response model., Comment: 24 pages, 12 figures, 1 table
Published: 2023
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13. Recent Borexino results and perspectives of the SOX measurement

Author: Porcelli A., Agostini M., Altenmüller K., Appel S., Atroshchenko V., Bagdasarian Z., Basilico D., Bellini G., Benziger J., Bick D., Bonfini G., Bravo D., Caccianiga B., Calaprice F., Caminata A., Caprioli S., Carlini M., Cavalcante P., Chepurnov A., Choi K., Cloué O., Cribier M., D'Angelo D., Davini S., Derbin A., Ding X.F., Di Ludovico A., Di Noto L., Drachnev I., Durero M., Farinon S., Fischer V., Fomenko K., Formozov A., Franco D., Froborg F., Gabriele F., Gaffiot J., Galbiati C., Ghiano C., Giammarchi M., Goretti A., Gromov M., Gschwender M., Hagner C., Houdy T., Hungerford E., Ianni Aldo, Ianni Andrea, Jonquères N., Jany A., Jeschke D., Kobychev V., Korablev D., Korga G., Kornoukhov V., Kryn D., Lachenmaier T., Lasserre T., Laubenstein M., Litvinovich E., Lombardi F., Lombardi P., Ludhova L., Lukyanchenko G., Lukyanchenko L., Machulin I., Manuzio G., Marcocci S., Maricic J., Mention G., Martyn J., Meroni E., Meyer M., Miramonti L., Misiaszek M., Muratova V., Musenich R., Neumair B., Oberauer L., Opitz B., Ortica F., Pallavicini M., Papp L., Pilipenko N., Pocar A., Ranucci G., Razeto A., Re A., Romani A., Roncin R., Rossi N., Rottenanger S., Schönert S., Scola M., Semenov D., Skorokhvatov M., Smirnov O., Sotnikov A., Stokes L.F.F., Suvorov Y., Tartaglia R., Testera G., Thurn J., Toropova M., Unzhakov E., Veyssiére C., Vishneva A., Vivier M., Vogelaar R.B., von Feilitzsch F., Wang H., Weinz S., Wojcik M., Wurm M., Yokley Z., Zaimidoroga O., Zavatarelli S., Zuber K., and Zuzel G.
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: Borexino is a liquid scintillator detector sited underground in the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (Italy). Its physics program, until the end of this year, is focussed on the study of solar neutrinos, in particular from the Beryllium, pp, pep and CNO fusion reactions. Knowing the reaction chains in the sun provides insights towards physics disciplines such as astrophysics (star physics, star formation, etc.), astroparticle and particle physics. Phase II started in 2011 and its aim is to improve the phase I results, in particular the measurements of the neutrino fluxes from the pep and CNO processes. By the end of this year, data taking from the sun will be over and a new project is scheduled to launch: Short distance Oscillation with boreXino (SOX), which uses a Cerium source for neutrinos (100÷150 kCi of activity) and aims to confirm or rule out the presence of sterile neutrinos. This particle is hypothesised to justify the reactor, Gallium and LSND anomalies found and can reject extensions to the standard model. The work presented is a summary of the solar neutrino results achieved so far, which lead not only to a precise study of the processes in the sun, but also to more Standard Model oriented measurements (such as the stability of the charge, i.e. the life time of the electron). Furthermore, the perspectives of the SOX program are discussed showing the experiment sensitivity to a fourth neutrino state covering almost entirely 3σ of the preferred region of the anomalous neutrino experiments, and additional applications of the detector such as the study of geo-neutrinos.
Published: 2018
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14. Sensitivity projections for a dual-phase argon TPC optimized for light dark matter searches through the ionization channel

Author: Agnes, P., Ahmad, I., Albergo, S., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Alexander, T., Alton, A. K., Amaudruz, P., Corona, M. Atzori, Auty, D. J., Ave, M., Avetisov, I. Ch., Avetisov, R. I., Azzolini, O., Back, H. O., Balmforth, Z., Barbarian, V., Olmedo, A. Barrado, Barrillon, P., Basco, A., Batignani, G., Berzin, E., Bondar, A., Bonivento, W. M., Borisova, E., Bottino, B., Boulay, M. G., Buccino, G., Bussino, S., Busto, J., Buzulutskov, A., Cadeddu, M., Cadoni, M., Caminata, A., Canci, N., Capra, A., Caprioli, S., Caravati, M., Cárdenas-Montes, M., Cargioli, N., Carlini, M., Castello, P., Cataudella, V., Cavalcante, P., Cavuoti, S., Cebrian, S., Ruiz, J. M. Cela, Chashin, S., Chepurnov, A., Chyhyrynets, E, Cicalò, C., Cifarelli, L., Cintas, D., Cocco, V., Vilda, E. Conde, Consiglio, L., Copello, S., Covone, G., Cross, S., Czudak, P., D'Aniello, M., D'Auria, S., Rolo, M. D. Da Rocha, Dadoun, O., Daniel, M., Davini, S., De Candia, A., De Cecco, S., De Falco, A., De Filippis, G., De Gruttola, D., De Pasquale, S., De Rosa, G., Dellacasa, G., Derbin, A. V., Devoto, A., Di Capua, F., Di Noto, L., Di Stefano, P., Dionisi, C., Dolganov, G., Dordei, F., Doria, L., Erjavec, T., Diaz, M. Fernandez, Fiorillo, G., Franceschi, A., Franchini, P., Franco, D., Frolov, E., Funicello, N., Gabriele, F., Gahan, D., Galbiati, C., Gallina, G., Gallus, G., Garbini, M., Abia, P. Garcia, Gendotti, A., Ghiano, C., Giampaolo, R. A., Giganti, C., Giorgi, M. A., Giovanetti, G. K., Casanueva, V. Goicoechea, Gola, A., Gorman, D., Diaz, R. Graciani, Grauso, G., di Cortona, G. Grilli, Grobov, A., Gromov, M., Guan, M., Guerzoni, M., Gulino, M., Guo, C., Hackett, B. R., Hall, J. B., Hallin, A. L., Hamer, A., Helton, H., Haranczyk, M., Hessel, T., Hill, S., Horikawa, S., Hubaut, F., Hugues, T., Hungerford, E. V., Ianni, An., Ippolito, V., Jillings, C., Kachru, P., Kemp, A. A., Kendziora, C. L., Keppel, G., Khomyakov, A. V., Kimura, M., Kochanek, I., Kondo, K., Korga, G., Koulosousas, S., Kubankin, A., Kuss, M., Kuźniak, M., La Commara, M., Lai, M., Guirriec, E. Le, Leason, E., Li, X., Lidey, L., Lipp, J., Lissia, M., Longo, G., Luzzi, L., Macfadyen, O., Machulin, I. N., Manthos, I., Mapelli, L., Margotti, A., Mari, S. M., Mariani, C., Maricic, J., Marini, A., Martínez, M., Martoff, C. J., Masoni, A., Mavrokoridis, K., Mazzi, A., McDonald, A. B., Messina, A., Milincic, R., Moggi, A., Moharana, A., Monroe, J., Morrocchi, M., Mozhevitina, E. N., Mróz, T., Muratova, V. N., Muscas, C., Musico, P., Nania, R., Napolitano, T., Nessi, M., Nieradka, G., Nikolopoulos, K., Nikulin, I., Nowak, J., Olchansky, K., Oleinik, A., Oleynikov, V., Organtini, P., de Solórzano, A. Ortiz, Pagani, L., Pallavicini, M., Pandola, L., Pantic, E., Paoloni, E., Paternoster, G., Pegoraro, P. A., Pelczar, K., Pellegrino, C., Perotti, F., Pesudo, V., Piacentini, S., Pietropaolo, F., Pino, N., Pira, C., Pocar, A., Poehlmann, D. M., Pordes, S., Pralavorio, P., Price, D., Raffaelli, F., Ragusa, F., Ramachers, Y., Ramirez, A., Razeti, M., Razeto, A., Renshaw, A. L., Rescigno, M., Resnati, F., Retiere, F., Rignanese, L. P., Ripoli, C., Rivetti, A., Roberts, A., Roberts, C., Rode, J., Rogers, G., Romero, L., Rossi, M., Rubbia, A., Sadashivajois, S., Saffold, T. R., Samoylov, O., Sandford, E., Sanfilippo, S., Santone, D., Santorelli, R., Savarese, C., Scapparone, E., Scioli, G., Semenov, D. A., Shchagin, A., Sheshukov, A., Simeone, M., Skensved, P., Skorokhvatov, M. D., Smirnov, O., Smirnova, T., Smith, B., Sokolov, A., Spangenberg, M., Stefanizzi, R., Steri, A., Stracka, S., Strickland, V., Stringer, M., Sulis, S., Sung, A., Suvorov, Y., Szelc, A. M., Türkoğ, C., Tartaglia, R., Taylor, A., Taylor, J., Tedesco, S., Testera, G., Thieme, K., Thorpe, T. N., Tonazzo, A., Torres-Lara, S., Tricomi, A., Unzhakov, E. V., John, T. Vallivilayil, Van Uffelen, M., Viant, T., Viel, S., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., Vossebeld, J., Wada, M., Walczak, M. B., Wang, Y., Westerdale, S., Wheadon, R. J., Williams, L., Wingerter-Seez, I., Wojaczyński, R., Wojcik, Ma. M., Wojcik, Ma., Wright, T., Xie, Y., Yang, C., Zabihi, A., Zakhary, P., Zani, A., Zichichi, A., Zuzel, G., and Zykova, M. P.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Dark matter lighter than 10 GeV/c$^2$ encompasses a promising range of candidates. A conceptual design for a new detector, DarkSide-LowMass, is presented, based on the DarkSide-50 detector and progress toward DarkSide-20k, optimized for a low-threshold electron-counting measurement. Sensitivity to light dark matter is explored for various potential energy thresholds and background rates. These studies show that DarkSide-LowMass can achieve sensitivity to light dark matter down to the solar neutrino floor for GeV-scale masses and significant sensitivity down to 10 MeV/c$^2$ considering the Migdal effect or interactions with electrons. Requirements for optimizing the detector's sensitivity are explored, as are potential sensitivity gains from modeling and mitigating spurious electron backgrounds that may dominate the signal at the lowest energies.
Published: 2022
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15. Search for dark matter-nucleon interactions via Migdal effect with DarkSide-50

Author: Collaboration, The DarkSide-50, Agnes, P., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Alexander, T., Alton, A. K., Ave, M., Back, H. O., Batignani, G., Biery, K., Bocci, V., Bonivento, W. M., Bottino, B., Bussino, S., Cadeddu, M., Cadoni, M., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Campos, M. D., Canci, N., Caravati, M., Cariello, M., Carlini, M., Carpinelli, M., Cataudella, V., Cavalcante, P., Cavuoti, S., Chashin, S., Chepurnov, A., Cicalò, C., Covone, G., D'Angelo, D., Davini, S., De Candia, A., De Cecco, S., De Filippis, G., De Rosa, G., Derbin, A. V., Devoto, A., D'Incecco, M., Dionisi, C., Dordei, F., Downing, M., D'Urso, D., Fairbairn, M., Fiorillo, G., Franco, D., Gabriele, F., Galbiati, C., Ghiano, C., Giganti, C., Giovanetti, G. K., Goretti, A. M., di Cortona, G. Grilli, Grobov, A., Gromov, M., Guan, M., Gulino, M., Hackett, B. R., Herner, K., Hessel, T., Hosseini, B., Hubaut, F., Hungerford, E. V., Ianni, An., Ippolito, V., Keeter, K., Kendziora, C. L., Kimura, M., Kochanek, I., Korablev, D., Korga, G., Kubankin, A., Kuss, M., La Commara, M., Lai, M., Li, X., Lissia, M., Longo, G., Lychagina, O., Machulin, I. N., Mapelli, L. P., Mari, S. M., Maricic, J., Messina, A., Milincic, R., Monroe, J., Morrocchi, M., Mougeot, X., Muratova, V. N., Musico, P., Nozdrina, A. O., Oleinik, A., Ortica, F., Pagani, L., Pallavicini, M., Pandola, L., Pantic, E., Paoloni, E., Pelczar, K., Pelliccia, N., Piacentini, S., Picciau, E., Pocar, A., Poehlmann, D. M., Pordes, S., Poudel, S. S., Pralavorio, P., Price, D. D., Ragusa, F., Razeti, M., Razeto, A., Renshaw, A. L., Rescigno, M., Rode, J., Romani, A., Sablone, D., Samoylov, O., Sands, W., Sanfilippo, S., Sanford, E., Savarese, C., Schlitzer, B., Semenov, D. A., Shchagin, A., Sheshukov, A., Skorokhvatov, M. D., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Stracka, S., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Tonazzo, A., Unzhakov, E. V., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., Wada, M., Wang, H., Wang, Y., Westerdale, S., Wojcik, M. M., Xiao, X., Yang, C., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: Dark matter elastic scattering off nuclei can result in the excitation and ionization of the recoiling atom through the so-called Migdal effect. The energy deposition from the ionization electron adds to the energy deposited by the recoiling nuclear system and allows for the detection of interactions of sub-GeV/c$^2$ mass dark matter. We present new constraints for sub-GeV/c$^2$ dark matter using the dual-phase liquid argon time projection chamber of the DarkSide-50 experiment with an exposure of (12306 $\pm$ 184) kg d. The analysis is based on the ionization signal alone and significantly enhances the sensitivity of DarkSide-50, enabling sensitivity to dark matter with masses down to 40 MeV/c$^2$. Furthermore, it sets the most stringent upper limit on the spin independent dark matter nucleon cross section for masses below $3.6$ GeV/c$^2$., Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures
Published: 2022
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16. Search for dark matter particle interactions with electron final states with DarkSide-50

Author: Collaboration, The DarkSide-50, Agnes, P., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Alexander, T., Alton, A. K., Ave, M., Back, H. O., Batignani, G., Biery, K., Bocci, V., Bonivento, W. M., Bottino, B., Bussino, S., Cadeddu, M., Cadoni, M., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Campos, M. D., Canci, N., Caravati, M., Cariello, M., Carlini, M., Carpinelli, M., Cataudella, V., Cavalcante, P., Cavuoti, S., Chashin, S., Chepurnov, A., Cicalò, C., Covone, G., D'Angelo, D., Davini, S., De Candia, A., De Cecco, S., De Filippis, G., De Rosa, G., Derbin, A. V., Devoto, A., D'Incecco, M., Dionisi, C., Dordei, F., Downing, M., D'Urso, D., Fiorillo, G., Franco, D., Gabriele, F., Galbiati, C., Ghiano, C., Giganti, C., Giovanetti, G. K., Goretti, A. M., di Cortona, G. Grilli, Grobov, A., Gromov, M., Guan, M., Gulino, M., Hackett, B. R., Herner, K., Hessel, T., Hosseini, B., Hubaut, F., Hungerford, E. V., Ianni, An., Ippolito, V., Keeter, K., Kendziora, C. L., Kimura, M., Kochanek, I., Korablev, D., Korga, G., Kubankin, A., Kuss, M., La Commara, M., Lai, M., Li, X., Lissia, M., Longo, G., Lychagina, O., Machulin, I. N., Mapelli, L. P., Mari, S. M., Maricic, J., Messina, A., Milincic, R., Monroe, J., Morrocchi, M., Mougeot, X., Muratova, V. N., Musico, P., Nozdrina, A. O., Oleinik, A., Ortica, F., Pagani, L., Pallavicini, M., Pandola, L., Pantic, E., Paoloni, E., Pelczar, K., Pelliccia, N., Piacentini, S., Picciau, E., Pocar, A., Poehlmann, D. M., Pordes, S., Poudel, S. S., Pralavorio, P., Price, D. D., Ragusa, F., Razeti, M., Razeto, A., Renshaw, A. L., Rescigno, M., Rode, J., Romani, A., Sablone, D., Samoylov, O., Sands, W., Sanfilippo, S., Sanford, E., Savarese, C., Schlitzer, B., Semenov, D. A., Shchagin, A., Sheshukov, A., Skorokhvatov, M. D., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Stracka, S., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Tonazzo, A., Unzhakov, E. V., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., Wada, M., Wang, H., Wang, Y., Westerdale, S., Wojcik, M. M., Xiao, X., Yang, C., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We present a search for dark matter particles with sub-GeV/$c^2$ masses whose interactions have final state electrons using the DarkSide-50 experiment's (12306 $\pm$ 184) kg d low-radioactivity liquid argon exposure. By analyzing the ionization signals, we exclude new parameter space for the dark matter-electron cross section $\bar{\sigma}_e$, the axioelectric coupling constant $g_{Ae}$, and the dark photon kinetic mixing parameter $\kappa$. We also set the first dark matter direct-detection constraints on the mixing angle $\left|U_{e4}\right|^2$ for keV sterile neutrinos., Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures
Published: 2022
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17. Search for low-mass dark matter WIMPs with 12 ton-day exposure of DarkSide-50

Author: Collaboration, The DarkSide-50, Agnes, P., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Alexander, T., Alton, A. K., Ave, M., Back, H. O., Batignani, G., Biery, K., Bocci, V., Bonivento, W. M., Bottino, B., Bussino, S., Cadeddu, M., Cadoni, M., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Canci, N., Caravati, M., Cariello, M., Carlini, M., Carpinelli, M., Cataudella, V., Cavalcante, P., Cavuoti, S., Chashin, S., Chepurnov, A., Cicalò, C., Covone, G., D'Angelo, D., Davini, S., De Candia, A., De Cecco, S., De Filippis, G., De Rosa, G., Derbin, A. V., Devoto, A., D'Incecco, M., Dionisi, C., Dordei, F., Downing, M., D'Urso, D., Fiorillo, G., Franco, D., Gabriele, F., Galbiati, C., Ghiano, C., Giganti, C., Giovanetti, G. K., Goretti, A. M., di Cortona, G. Grilli, Grobov, A., Gromov, M., Guan, M., Gulino, M., Hackett, B. R., Herner, K., Hessel, T., Hosseini, B., Hubaut, F., Hungerford, E. V., Ianni, An., Ippolito, V., Keeter, K., Kendziora, C. L., Kimura, M., Kochanek, I., Korablev, D., Korga, G., Kubankin, A., Kuss, M., La Commara, M., Lai, M., Li, X., Lissia, M., Longo, G., Lychagina, O., Machulin, I. N., Mapelli, L. P., Mari, S. M., Maricic, J., Messina, A., Milincic, R., Monroe, J., Morrocchi, M., Mougeot, X., Muratova, V. N., Musico, P., Nozdrina, A. O., Oleinik, A., Ortica, F., Pagani, L., Pallavicini, M., Pandola, L., Pantic, E., Paoloni, E., Pelczar, K., Pelliccia, N., Piacentini, S., Picciau, E., Pocar, A., Poehlmann, D. M., Pordes, S., Poudel, S. S., Pralavorio, P., Price, D. D., Ragusa, F., Razeti, M., Razeto, A., Renshaw, A. L., Rescigno, M., Rode, J., Romani, A., Sablone, D., Samoylov, O., Sands, W., Sanfilippo, S., Sanford, E., Savarese, C., Schlitzer, B., Semenov, D. A., Shchagin, A., Sheshukov, A., Skorokhvatov, M. D., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Stracka, S., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Tonazzo, A., Unzhakov, E. V., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., Wada, M., Wang, H., Wang, Y., Westerdale, S., Wojcik, M. M., Xiao, X., Yang, C., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We report on the search for dark matter WIMPs in the mass range below 10 GeV/c$^2$, from the analysis of the entire dataset acquired with a low-radioactivity argon target by the DarkSide-50 experiment at LNGS. The new analysis benefits from more accurate calibration of the detector response, improved background model, and better determination of systematic uncertainties, allowing us to accurately model the background rate and spectra down to 0.06 keV$_{er}$. A 90% C.L. exclusion limit for the spin-independent cross section of 3 GeV/c$^2$ mass WIMP on nucleons is set at 6$\times$10$^{-43}$ cm$^2$, about a factor 10 better than the previous DarkSide-50 limit. This analysis extends the exclusion region for spin-independent dark matter interactions below the current experimental constraints in the $[1.2, 3.6]$ GeV/c$^2$ WIMP mass range., Comment: 11 pages, 12 figures
Published: 2022
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18. Improved measurement of solar neutrinos from the Carbon-Nitrogen-Oxygen cycle by Borexino and its implications for the Standard Solar Model

Author: Appel, S., Bagdasarian, Z., Basilico, D., Bellini, G., Benziger, J., Biondi, R., Caccianiga, B., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Cavalcante, P., Chepurnov, A., D'Angelo, D., Derbin, A., Di Giacinto, A., Di Marcello, V., Ding, X. F., Di Ludovico, A., Di Noto, L., Drachnev, I., Franco, D., Galbiati, C., Ghiano, C., Giammarchi, M., Goretti, A., Göttel, A. S., Gromov, M., Guffanti, D., Ianni, Aldo, Ianni, Andrea, Jany, A., Kobychev, V., Korga, G., Kumaran, S., Laubenstein, M., Litvinovich, E., Lombardi, P., Lomskaya, I., Ludhova, L., Lukyanchenko, G., Machulin, I., Martyn, J., Meroni, E., Miramonti, L., Misiaszek, M., Muratova, V., Nugmanov, R., Oberauer, L., Orekhov, V., Ortica, F., Pallavicini, M., Papp, L., Pelicci, L., Penek, Ö., Pietrofaccia, L., Pilipenko, N., Pocar, A., Raikov, G., Ranalli, M. T., Ranucci, G., Razeto, A., Re, A., Redchuk, M., Rossi, N., Schönert, S., Semenov, D., Settanta, G., Skorokhvatov, M., Singhal, A., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Unzhakov, E., Villante, F. L., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., von Feilitzsch, F., Wojcik, M., Wurm, M., Zavatarelli, S., Zuber, K., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: We present an improved measurement of the CNO solar neutrino interaction rate at Earth obtained with the complete Borexino Phase-III dataset. The measured rate R$_{\rm CNO}$ = $6.7^{+2.0}_{-0.8}$ counts/(day$ \cdot$ 100 tonnes), allows us to exclude the absence of the CNO signal with about 7$\sigma$ C.L. The correspondent CNO neutrino flux is $6.6^{+2.0}_{-0.9} \times 10^8$ cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$, taking into account the neutrino flavor conversion. We use the new CNO measurement to evaluate the C and N abundances in the Sun with respect to the H abundance for the first time with solar neutrinos. Our result of $N_{\rm CN}$ = $(5.78^{+1.86}_{-1.00})\times10^{-4}$ displays a $\sim$2$\sigma$ tension with the "low metallicity" spectroscopic photospheric measurements. On the other hand, our result used together with the $^7$Be and $^8$B solar neutrino fluxes, also measured by Borexino, permits to disfavour at 3.1$\sigma$ C.L. the "low metallicity" SSM B16-AGSS09met as an alternative to the "high metallicity" SSM B16-GS98., Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures
Published: 2022
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19. Independent determination of the Earth's orbital parameters with solar neutrinos in Borexino

Author: Appel, S., Bagdasarian, Z., Basilico, D., Bellini, G., Benziger, J., Biondi, R., Caccianiga, B., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Chepurnov, A., D'Angelo, D., Derbin, A., Di Giacinto, A., Di Marcello, V., Ding, X. F., Di Ludovico, A., Di Noto, L., Drachnev, I., Franco, D., Galbiati, C., Ghiano, C., Giammarchi, M., Goretti, A., Goettel, A. S., Gromov, M., Guffanti, D., Ianni, Aldo, Ianni, Andrea, Jany, A., Kobychev, V., Korga, G., Kumaran, S., Laubenstein, M., Litvinovich, E., Lombardi, P., Lomskaya, I., Ludhova, L., Lukyanchenko, G., Machulin, I., Martyn, J., Meroni, E., Miramonti, L., Misiaszek, M., Muratova, V., Nugmanov, R., Oberauer, L., Orekhov, V., Ortica, F., Pallavicini, M., Pelicci, L., Penek, O., Pietrofaccia, L., Pilipenko, N., Pocar, A., Raikov, G., Ranalli, M. T., Ranucci, G., Razeto, A., Re, A., Redchuk, M., Rossi, N., Schoenert, S., Semenov, D., Settanta, G., Skorokhvatov, M., Singhal, A., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Unzhakov, E., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., von Feilitzsch, F., Wojcik, M., Wurm, M., Zavatarelli, S., Zuber, K., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: Since the beginning of 2012, the Borexino collaboration has been reporting precision measurements of the solar neutrino fluxes, emitted in the proton-proton chain and in the Carbon-Nitrogen-Oxygen cycle. The experimental sensitivity achieved in Phase-II and Phase-III of the Borexino data taking made it possible to detect the annual modulation of the solar neutrino interaction rate due to the eccentricity of Earth's orbit, with a statistical significance greater than 5$\sigma$. This is the first precise measurement of the Earth's orbital parameters based solely on solar neutrinos and an additional signature of the solar origin of the Borexino signal. The complete periodogram of the time series of the Borexino solar neutrino detection rate is also reported, exploring frequencies between one cycle/year and one cycle/day. No other significant modulation frequencies are found. The present results were uniquely made possible by Borexino's decade-long high-precision solar neutrino detection., Comment: 12 pages, 10 figures
Published: 2022
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20. Very large SiPM arrays with aggregated output

Author: Razeto, A., Camillo, V., Carlini, M., Consiglio, L., Flammini, A., Galbiati, C., Ghiano, C., Gola, A., Horikawa, S., Kachru, P., Kochanek, I., Kondo, K., Korga, G., Mazzi, A., Moharana, A., Paternoster, G., Sablone, D., and Wang, H.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: In this work we will document the design and the performances of a SiPM-based photodetector with a surface area of 100 cm$^2$ conceived to operate as a replacement for PMTs. The signals from 94 SiPMs are summed up to produce an aggregated output that exhibits in liquid nitrogen a dark count rate (DCR) lower than 100 cps over the entire surface, a signal to noise ratio better than 13, and a timing resolution better than 5.5 ns. The module feeds about 360 mW at 5 V with a dynamic range in excess of 500 photo-electrons on a 100 $\Omega$ differential line. The unit is compatible with operations at room temperature, with a DCR increased by about 6 orders of magnitude., Comment: 11 pages, 15 figures
Published: 2022
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21. SiPM cross-talk in liquid argon detectors

Author: Boulay, M. G., Camillo, V., Canci, N., Choudhary, S., Consiglio, L., Flammini, A., Galbiati, C., Ghiano, C., Gola, A., Horikawa, S., Kachru, P., Kochanek, I., Kondo, K., Korga, G., Kuźniak, M., Mazzi, A., Moharana, A., Nieradka, G., Paternoster, G., Razeto, A., Sablone, D., Thorpe, T. N., Türkoğlu, C., Wang, H., Rescigno, M., and Sanfilippo, S.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: SiPM-based readouts are becoming the standard for light detection in particle detectors given their superior resolution and ease of use with respect to vacuum tube photo-multipliers. However, the contributions of detection noise such as the dark rate, cross-talk, and after-pulsing may impact significantly their performance. In this work, we present the development of highly reflective single-phase argon chambers capable of light yields up to 32 photo-electrons per keV, with roughly 12 being primary photo-electrons generated by the argon scintillation, while the rest are accounted by optical cross-talk. Furthermore, the presence of compound processes results in a generalized Fano factor larger than 2 already at an over-voltage of 5 V. Finally, we present a parametrization of the optical cross-talk for the FBK NUV-HD-Cryo SiPMs at 87 K that can be extended to future detectors with tailored optical simulations., Comment: 8 pages, 8 figures
Published: 2022
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22. First Directional Measurement of sub-MeV Solar Neutrinos with Borexino

Author: Agostini, M., Altenmüller, K., Appel, S., Atroshchenko, V., Bagdasarian, Z., Basilico, D., Bellini, G., Benziger, J., Biondi, R., Bravo, D., Caccianiga, B., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Cavalcante, P., Chepurnov, A., D'Angelo, D., Davini, S., Derbin, A., Di Giacinto, A., Di Marcello, V., Ding, X. F., Di Ludovico, A., Di Noto, L., Drachnev, I., Formozov, A., Franco, D., Galbiati, C., Ghiano, C., Giammarchi, M., Goretti, A., Göttel, A. S., Gromov, M., Guffanti, D., Ianni, Aldo, Ianni, Andrea, Jany, A., Jeschke, D., Kobychev, V., Korga, G., Kumaran, S., Laubenstein, M., Litvinovich, E., Lombardi, P., Lomskaya, I., Ludhova, L., Lukyanchenko, G., Lukyanchenko, L., Machulin, I., Martyn, J., Meroni, E., Meyer, M., Miramonti, L., Misiaszek, M., Muratova, V., Neumair, B., Nieslony, M., Nugmanov, R., Oberauer, L., Orekhov, V., Ortica, F., Pallavicini, M., Papp, L., Pellicci, L., Penek, Ö., Pietrofaccia, L., Pilipenko, N., Pocar, A., Raikov, G., Ranalli, M. T., Ranucci, G., Razeto, A., Re, A., Redchuk, M., Romani, A., Rossi, N., Schönert, S., Semenov, D., Settanta, G., Skorokhvatov, M., Singhal, A., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Thurn, J., Unzhakov, E., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., von Feilitzsch, F., Wessel, A., Wojcik, M., Wonsak, B., Wurm, M., Zavatarelli, S., Zuber, K., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: We report the measurement of sub-MeV solar neutrinos through the use of their associated Cherenkov radiation, performed with the Borexino detector at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso. The measurement is achieved using a novel technique that correlates individual photon hits of events to the known position of the Sun. In an energy window between 0.54 MeV to 0.74 MeV, selected using the dominant scintillation light, we have measured 10887$^{+2386}_{-2103} (\mathrm{stat.})\pm 947 (\mathrm{syst.})$ ($68\%$ confidence interval) solar neutrinos out of 19904 total events. This corresponds to a $^{7}$Be neutrino interaction rate of 51.6$^{+13.9}_{-12.5}$ counts/(day$\cdot$ 100 ton), which is in agreement with the Standard Solar Model predictions and the previous spectroscopic results of Borexino. The no-neutrino hypothesis can be excluded with $>$5$\sigma$ confidence level. For the first time, we have demonstrated the possibility of utilizing the directional Cherenkov information for sub-MeV solar neutrinos, in a large-scale, high light yield liquid scintillator detector. This measurement provides an experimental proof of principle for future hybrid event reconstruction using both Cherenkov and scintillation signatures simultaneously., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, short letter of arXiv:2109.04770
Published: 2021
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23. Short distance neutrino oscillations with Borexino

Author: Caminata A., Agostini M., Altenmüller K., Appel S., Bellini G., Benziger J., Berton N., Bick D., Bonfini G., Bravo D., Caccianiga B., Calaprice F., Cavalcante P., Chepurnov A., Cribier M., D'Angelo D., Davini S., Derbin A., Noto L. di, Durero M., Empl A., Etenko A., Farinon S., Fischer V., Fomenko K., Franco D., Gabriele F., Gaffiot J., Galbiati C., Ghiano C., Giammarchi M., Göger-Neff M., Goretti A., Gromov M., Hagner C., Houdy Th., Hungerford E., Ianni Aldo, Ianni Andrea, Jonquères N., Kaiser M., Kobychev V., Korablev D., Korga G., Kryn D., Lachenmaier T., Lasserre T., Laubenstein M., Lehnert B., Link J., Litvinovich E., Lombardi F., Lombardi P., Ludhova L., Lukyanchenko G., Machulin I., Maneschg W., Marcocci S., Maricic J., Mention G., Meroni E., Meyer M., Miramonti L., Misiaszek M., Montuschi M., Muratova V., Musenich R., Neumair B., Oberauer L., Obolensky M., Ortica F., Pallavicini M., Papp L., Perasso L., Pocar A., Ranucci G., Razeto A., Re A., Romani A., Rossi N., Schönert S., Scola L., Simgen H., Skorokhvatov M., Smirnov O., Sotnikov A., Sukhotin S., Suvorov Y., Tartaglia R., Testera G., Veyssière C., Vivier M., Vogelaar R.B., Feilitzsch F. von, Wang H., Winter J., Wojcik M., Wurm M., Zaimidoroga O., Zavatarelli S., Zuber K., and Zuzel G.
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: The Borexino detector has convincingly shown its outstanding performances in the low energy, sub-MeV regime through its unprecedented accomplishments in the solar and geo-neutrinos detection. These performances make it the ideal tool to accomplish a state-of-the-art experiment able to test unambiguously the long-standing issue of the existence of a sterile neutrino, as suggested by the several anomalous results accumulated over the past two decades, i.e. the outputs of the LSND and Miniboone experiments, the results of the source calibration of the two Gallium solar neutrino experiments, and the recently hinted reactor anomaly. The SOX project will exploit two sources, based on Chromium and Cerium, respectively, which deployed under the experiment, in a location foreseen on purpose at the time of the construction of the detector, will emit two intense beams of neutrinos (Cr) and anti-neutrinos (Ce). Interacting in the active volume of the liquid scintillator, each beam would create an unmistakable spatial wave pattern in case of oscillation of the νe (or ν̅e) into the sterile state: such a pattern would be the smoking gun proving the existence of the new sterile member of the neutrino family. Otherwise, its absence will allow setting a very stringent limit on its existence.
Published: 2016
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24. First real–time detection of solar pp neutrinos by Borexino

Author: Pallavicini M., Bellini G., Benziger J., Bick D., Bonfini G., Bravo D., Caccianiga B., Calaprice F., Caminata A., Cavalcante P., Chavarria A., Chepurnov A., D'Angelo D., Davini S., Derbin A., Empl A., Etenko A., Fomenko K., Franco D., Gabriele F., Galbiati C., Gazzana S., Ghiano C., Giammarchi M., Göger-Neff M., Goretti A., Gromov M., Hagner C., Hungerford E., Ianni Al., Ianni An., Kayser M., Kobychev V., Korablëv D., Korga G., Kryn D., Laubenstein M., Lehnert B., Lewke T., Litvinovich E., Lombardi F., Lombardi P., Ludhova L., Lukyanchenko G., Machulin I., Manecki S., Maneschg W., Marcocci S., Meindl Q., Meroni E., Meyer M., Miramonti L., Misiaszek M., Montuschi M., Mosteiro P., Muratova V., Oberauer L., Obolensky M., Ortica F., Otis K., Papp L., Perasso L., Pocar A., Ranucci G., Razeto A., Re A., Romani A., Rossi N., Saldanha R., Salvo C., Schönert S., Simgen H., Skorokhvatov M., Smirnov O., Sotnikov A., Sukhotin S., Suvorov Y., Tartaglia R., Testera G., Vignaud D., Vogelaar R.B., Feilitzsch F. von, Wang H., Winter J., Wojcik M., Wurm M., Zaimidoroga O., Zavatarelli S., Zuber K., and Zuzel G.
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: Solar neutrinos have been pivotal to the discovery of neutrino flavour oscillations and are a unique tool to probe the reactions that keep the Sun shine. Although most of solar neutrino components have been directly measured, the neutrinos emitted by the keystone pp reaction, in which two protons fuse to make a deuteron, have so far eluded direct detection. The Borexino experiment, an ultra–pure liquid scintillator detector running at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso in Italy, has now filled the gap, providing the first direct real time measurement of pp neutrinos and of the solar neutrino luminosity.
Published: 2016
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25. Recent Borexino results and prospects for the near future

Author: D’Angelo D., Agostini M., Altenmüller K., Appel S., Bellini G., Benziger J., Bick D., Bonfini G., Bravo D., Caccianiga B., Calaprice F., Caminata A., Cavalcante P., Chepurnov A., Davini S., Derbin A., Di Noto L., Drachnev I., Etenko A., Fomenko K., Franco D., Gabriele F., Galbiati C., Ghiano C., Giammarchi M., Goeger-Neff M., Goretti A., Gromov M., Hagner C., Hungerford E., Ianni Aldo, Ianni Andrea, Jedrzejczak K., Kaiser M., Kobychev V., Korablev D., Korga G., Kryn D., Laubenstein M., Lehnert B., Litvinovich E., Lombardi F., Lombardi P., Ludhova L., Lukyanchenko G., Machulin I., Manecki S., Maneschg W., Marcocci S., Meroni E., Meyer M., Miramonti L., Misiaszek M., Montuschi M., Mosteiro P., Muratova V., Neumair B., Oberauer L., Obolensky M., Ortica F., Pallavicini M., Papp L., Perasso L., Pocar A., Ranucci G., Razeto A., Re A., Romani A., Roncin R., Rossi N., Schönert S., Semenov D., Simgen H., Skorokhvatov M., Smirnov O., Sotnikov A., Sukhotin S., Suvorov Y., Tartaglia R., Testera G., Thurn J., Toropova M., Unzhakov E., Vishneva A., Vogelaar R.B., von Feilitzsch F., Wang H., Weinz S., Winter J., Wojcik M., Wurm M., Yokley Z., Zaimidoroga O., Zavatarelli S., Zuber K., and Zuzel G.
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: The Borexino experiment located in the Gran Sasso National Laboratory, is an organic liquid scintillator detector conceived for the real time spectroscopy of low energy solar neutrinos. The phase-I of the data taking campaign (2007 – 2010) has allowed the first independent measurements of 7Be and pep solar neutrino fluxes as well as the first measurement of anti-neutrinos from the Earth. After a purification of the scintillator, Borexino is now in phase-II since 2011. Thanks to the unprecedented background levels, we have performed the first flux measurement of neutrinos from the fundamental pp reaction which powers the Sun. We review this breakthrough result and other recent results, including the latest review of our terrestrial neutrino analysis. We also discuss the upcoming measurements on middle energy solar neutrino spectral components (pep, CNO) and the new project SOX devoted to the study of sterile neutrinos via the use of a neutrino source placed in close proximity of the detector’s active material.
Published: 2016
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26. The DarkSide Program

Author: Rossi B., Agnes P., Alexander T., Alton A., Arisaka K., Back H.O., Baldin B., Biery K., Bonfini G., Bossa M., Brigatti A., Brodsky J., Budano F., Calaprice F., Canci N., Candela A., Cariello M., Cavalcante P., Catalanotti S., Chavarria A., Chepurnov A., Cocco A. G., Covone G., D'Angelo D., D'Incecco M., Deo M. De, Derbin A., Devoto A., Eusanio F. Di, Edkins E., Empl A., Fan A., Fiorillo G., Fomenko K., Franco D., Gabriele F., Galbiati C., Goretti A., Grandi L., Guan M.Y., Guardincerri Y., Hackett B., Herner K., Hungerford E.V., Ianni Al., Ianni An., Kendziora C., Koh G., Korablev D., Korga G., Kurlej A., Li P.X., Lombardi P., Luitz S., Machulin I., Mandarano A., Mari S., Maricic J., Marini L., Martoff C. J., Meyers P.D., Montanari D., Montuschi M., Monzani M.E., Musico P., Odrowski S., Orsini M., Ortica F., Pagani L., Pallavicini M., Pantic E., Papp L., Parmeggiano S., Pelliccia N., Perasso S., Pocar A., Pordes S., Qian H., Randle K., Ranucci G., Razeto A., Reinhold B., Renshaw A., Romani A., Rossi N., Rountree S.D., Sablone D., Saldanha R., Sands W., Segreto E., Shields E., Smirnov O., Sotnikov A., Stanford C., Suvorov Y., Tartaglia R., Tatarowicz J., Testera G., Tonazzo A., Unzhakov E., Vogelaar R.B., Wada M., Walker S., Wang H., Watson A., Westerdale S., Wojcik M., Xiang X., Xu J., Yang C.G., Yoo J., Zavatarelli S., Zec A., Zhu C., and Zuzel G.
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: DarkSide-50 at Gran Sasso underground laboratory (LNGS), Italy, is a direct dark matter search experiment based on a liquid argon TPC. DS-50 has completed its first dark matter run using atmospheric argon as target. The detector performances and the results of the first physics run are presented in this proceeding.
Published: 2016
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27. Search for Low-Energy Signals from Fast Radio Bursts with the Borexino Detector

Author: Appel, S., Bagdasarian, Z., Basilico, D., Bellini, G., Benziger, J., Biondi, R., Caccianiga, B., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Chepurnov, A., D'Angelo, D., Derbin, A., Di Giacinto, A., Di Marcello, V., Ding, X. F., Di Ludovico, A., Di Noto, L., Drachnev, I., Franco, D., Galbiati, C., Ghiano, C., Giammarchi, M., Goretti, A., Gottel, A. S., Gromov, M., Guffantic, D., Ianni, Aldo, Ianni, Andrea, Jany, A., Kobychev, V., Korga, G., Kumaran, S., Laubenstein, M., Litvinovich, E., Lombardi, P., Lomskaya, I., Ludhova, L., Lukyanchenko, G., Machulin, I., Martyn, J., Meroni, E., Miramonti, L., Misiaszek, M., Muratova, V., Nugmanov, R., Oberauer, L., Orekhov, V., Ortica, F., Pallavicini, M., Pelicci, L., Penek, O., Pietrofaccia, L., Pilipenko, N., Pocar, A., Raikov, G., Ranalli, M. T., Ranucci, G., Razeto, A., Re, A., Redchuk, M., Rossi, N., Schonert, S., Semenov, D., Settanta, G., Skorokhvatov, M., Singhal, A., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Unzhakov, E., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., von Feilitzsch, F., Wojcik, M., Wurm, M., Zavatarelli, S., Zhutikov, I., Zuber, K., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: The search for neutrino events in correlation with several of the most intense fast radio bursts (FRBs) has been performed using the Borexino data. We have searched for signals with visible energies above $250$~keV within a time window of $\pm$1000~s corresponding to the detection time of a particular FRB. We also applied an alternative approach based on searching for specific shapes of neutrino-electron scattering spectra in the full exposure spectrum of the Borexino detector. In particular, two incoming neutrino spectra were considered: the monoenergetic line and the spectrum expected from supernovae. The same spectra were considered for electron antineutrinos detected through the inverse beta-decay reaction. No statistically significant excess over the background was observed. As a result, the strongest upper limits on FRB-associated neutrino fluences of all flavors have been obtained in the $0.5 - 50$~MeV neutrino energy range., Comment: 14 pages, 10 figures
Published: 2021
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28. Characterization of the scintillation time response of liquid argon detectors for dark matter search

Author: Agnes, P., De Cecco, S., Fan, A., Fiorillo, G., Franco, D., Galbiati, C., Giganti, C., Korga, G., Lebois, M., Mandarano, A., Martoff, C. J., Pagani, L., Pantic, E., Razeto, A., Renshaw, A. L., Riffard, Q., Schlitzer, B., Tonazzo, A., Wang, H., and Wilson, J. N.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The scintillation time response of liquid argon has a key role in the discrimination of electronic backgrounds in dark matter search experiments. However, its extraordinary rejection power can be affected by various detector effects such as the delayed light emission of TetraPhenyl Butadiene, the most commonly used wavelength shifter, and the electric drift field applied in Time Projection Chambers. In this work, we characterized the TetraPhenyl Butadiene delayed response and the dependence of the pulse shape discrimination on the electric field, exploiting the data acquired with the ARIS, a small-scale single-phase liquid argon detector exposed to monochromatic neutron and gamma sources at the ALTO facility of IJC Lab in Orsay., Comment: 13 pages, 7 figures, 1 table
Published: 2021
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29. Correlated and Integrated Directionality for sub-MeV solar neutrinos in Borexino

Author: Agostini, M., Altenmüller, K., Appel, S., Atroshchenko, V., Bagdasarian, Z., Basilico, D., Bellini, G., Benziger, J., Biondi, R., Bravo, D., Caccianiga, B., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Cavalcante, P., Chepurnov, A., D'Angelo, D., Davini, S., Derbin, A., Di Giacinto, A., Di Marcello, V., Ding, X. F., Di Ludovico, A., Di Noto, L., Drachnev, I., Formozov, A., Franco, D., Galbiati, C., Ghiano, C., Giammarchi, M., Goretti, A., Göttel, A. S., Gromov, M., Guffanti, D., Ianni, Aldo, Ianni, Andrea, Jany, A., Jeschke, D., Kobychev, V., Korga, G., Kumaran, S., Laubenstein, M., Litvinovich, E., Lombardi, P., Lomskaya, I., Ludhova, L., Lukyanchenko, G., Lukyanchenko, L., Machulin, I., Martyn, J., Meroni, E., Meyer, M., Miramonti, L., Misiaszek, M., Muratova, V., Neumair, B., Nieslony, M., Nugmanov, R., Oberauer, L., Orekhov, V., Ortica, F., Pallavicini, M., Papp, L., Pellicci, L., Penek, Ö., Pietrofaccia, L., Pilipenko, N., Pocar, A., Raikov, G., Ranalli, M. T., Ranucci, G., Razeto, A., Re, A., Redchuk, M., Romani, A., Rossi, N., Schönert, S., Semenov, D., Settanta, G., Skorokhvatov, M., Singhal, A., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Thurn, J., Unzhakov, E., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., von Feilitzsch, F., Wessel, A., Wojcik, M., Wonsak, B., Wurm, M., Zavatarelli, S., Zuber, K., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Liquid scintillator detectors play a central role in the detection of neutrinos from various sources. In particular, it is the only technique used so far for the precision spectroscopy of sub-MeV solar neutrinos, as demonstrated by the Borexino experiment at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory in Italy. The benefit of a high light yield, and thus a low energy threshold and a good energy resolution, comes at the cost of the directional information featured by water Cherenkov detectors, measuring $^8$B solar neutrinos above a few MeV. In this paper we provide the first directionality measurement of sub-MeV solar neutrinos which exploits the correlation between the first few detected photons in each event and the known position of the Sun for each event. This is also the first signature of directionality in neutrinos elastically scattering off electrons in a liquid scintillator target. This measurement exploits the sub-dominant, fast Cherenkov light emission that precedes the dominant yet slower scintillation light signal. Through this measurement, we have also been able to extract the rate of $^{7}$Be solar neutrinos in Borexino. The demonstration of directional sensitivity in a traditional liquid scintillator target paves the way for the possible exploitation of the Cherenkov light signal in future kton-scale experiments using liquid scintillator targets. Directionality is important for background suppression as well as the disentanglement of signals from various sources., Comment: 19 pages, 15 Figures, revised version after comments from PRD Referees, shorter letter submitted with the title: "First Directional Measurement of sub-MeV Solar Neutrinos with Borexino"
Published: 2021
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30. Calibration of the liquid argon ionization response to low energy electronic and nuclear recoils with DarkSide-50

Author: The DarkSide collaboration, Agnes, P., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Alexander, T., Alton, A. K., Ave, M., Back, H. O., Batignani, G., Biery, K., Bocci, V., Bonivento, W. M., Bottino, B., Bussino, S., Cadeddu, M., Cadoni, M., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Canci, N., Caravati, M., Cariello, M., Carlini, M., Carpinelli, M., Catalanotti, S., Cataudella, V., Cavalcante, P., Cavuoti, S., Chepurnov, A., Cicalò, C., Cocco, A. G., Covone, G., D'Angelo, D., Davini, S., De Candia, A., De Cecco, S., De Filippis, G., De Rosa, G., Derbin, A. V., Devoto, A., D'Incecco, M., Dionisi, C., Dordei, F., Downing, M., D'Urso, D., Fiorillo, G., Franco, D., Gabriele, F., Galbiati, C., Ghiano, C., Giganti, C., Giovanetti, G. K., Gorchakov, O., Goretti, A. M., Grobov, A., Gromov, M., Guan, M., Guardincerri, Y., Gulino, M., Hackett, B. R., Herner, K., Hosseini, B., Hubaut, F., Hungerford, E. V., Ianni, An., Ippolito, V., Keeter, K., Kendziora, C. L., Kochanek, I., Korablev, D., Korga, G., Kubankin, A., Kuss, M., La Commara, M., Lai, M., Li, X., Lissia, M., Longo, G., Machulin, I. N., Mapelli, L. P., Mari, S. M., Maricic, J., Martoff, C. J., Messina, A., Meyers, P. D., Milincic, R., Morrocchi, M., Mougeot, X., Muratova, V. N., Musico, P., Agasson, A. Navrer, Nozdrina, A. O., Oleinik, A., Ortica, F., Pagani, L., Pallavicini, M., Pandola, L., Pantic, E., Paoloni, E., Pelczar, K., Pelliccia, N., Picciau, E., Pocar, A., Pordes, S., Poudel, S. S., Pralavorio, P., Ragusa, F., Razeti, M., Razeto, A., Renshaw, A. L., Rescigno, M., Rode, J., Romani, A., Sablone, D., Samoylov, O., Sands, W., Sanfilippo, S., Savarese, C., Schlitzer, B., Semenov, D. A., Shchagin, A., Sheshukov, A., Skorokhvatov, M. D., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Stracka, S., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Tonazzo, A., Unzhakov, E. V., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., Wada, M., Wang, H., Wang, Y., Westerdale, S., Wojcik, M. M., Xiao, X., Yang, C., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: DarkSide-50 has demonstrated the high potential of dual-phase liquid argon time projection chambers in exploring interactions of WIMPs in the GeV/c$^2$ mass range. The technique, based on the detection of the ionization signal amplified via electroluminescence in the gas phase, allows to explore recoil energies down to the sub-keV range. We report here on the DarkSide-50 measurement of the ionization yield of electronic recoils down to $\sim$180~eV$_{er}$, exploiting $^{37}$Ar and $^{39}$Ar decays, and extrapolated to a few ionization electrons with the Thomas-Imel box model. Moreover, we present a model-dependent determination of the ionization response to nuclear recoils down to $\sim$500~eV$_{nr}$, the lowest ever achieved in liquid argon, using \textit{in situ} neutron calibration sources and external datasets from neutron beam experiments., Comment: 11 pages, 12 figures, 1 table
Published: 2021
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31. A study of events with photoelectric emission in the DarkSide-50 liquid argon Time Projection Chamber

Author: Collaboration, The DarkSide-50, Agnes, P., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Alexander, T., Alton, A. K., Ave, M., Back, H. O., Batignani, G., Biery, K., Bocci, V., Bonivento, W. M., Bottino, B., Bussino, S., Cadeddu, M., Cadoni, M., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Canci, N., Caravati, M., Cariello, M., Carlini, M., Carpinelli, M., Catalanotti, S., Cataudella, V., Cavalcante, P., Cavuoti, S., Chepurnov, A., Cicalo, C., Cocco, A. G., Covone, G., D'Angelo, D., Davini, S., De Candia, A., De Cecco, S., De Filippis, G., De Rosa, G., Derbin, A. V., Devoto, A., D'Incecco, M., Dionisi, C., Dordei, F., Downing, M., D'Urso, D., Fiorillo, G., Franco, D., Gabriele, F., Galbiati, C., Ghiano, C., Giganti, C., Giovanetti, G. K., Gorchakov, O., Goretti, A. M., Grobov, A., Gromov, M., Guan, M., Guardincerri, Y., Gulino, M., Hackett, B. R., Herner, K., Hosseini, B., Hubaut, F., Hungerford, E. V., Ianni, An., Ippolito, V., Keeter, K., Kendziora, C. L., Kochanek, I., Korablev, D., Korga, G., Kubankin, A., Kuss, M., La Commara, M., Lai, M., Li, X., Lissia, M., Longo, G., Machulin, I. N., Mapelli, L. P., Mari, S. M., Maricic, J., Martoff, C. J., Messina, A., Meyers, P. D., Milincic, R., Morrocchi, M., Muratova, V. N., Musico, P., Agasson, A. Navrer, Nozdrina, A. O., Oleinik, A., Ortica, F., Pagani, L., Pallavicini, M., Pandola, L., Pantic, E., Paoloni, E., Pelczar, K., Pelliccia, N., Picciau, E., Pocar, A., Pordes, S., Poudel, S. S., Pralavorio, P., Ragusa, F., Razeti, M., Razeto, A., Renshaw, A. L., Rescigno, M., Rode, J., Romani, A., Sablone, D., Samoylov, O., Sands, W., Sanfilippo, S., Savarese, C., Schlitzer, B., Semenov, D. A., Shchagin, A., Sheshukov, A., Skorokhvatov, M. D., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Stracka, S., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Tonazzo, A., Unzhakov, E. V., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., Wada, M., Wang, H., Wang, Y., Westerdale, S., Wojcik, Ma. M., Xiao, X., Yang, C., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Finding unequivocal evidence of dark matter interactions in a particle detector is a major objective of physics research. Liquid argon time projection chambers offer a path to probe Weakly Interacting Massive Particles scattering cross sections on nucleus down to the so-called neutrino floor, in a mass range from few GeV's to hundredths of TeV's. Based on the successful operation of the DarkSide-50 detector at LNGS, a new and more sensitive experiment, DarkSide-20k, has been designed and is now under construction. A thorough understanding of the DarkSide-50 detector response and, therefore, of all kind of observed events, is essential for an optimal design of the new experiment. In this paper, we report on a particular set of events, which were not used for dark matter searches. Namely, standard two-pulse scintillation-ionization signals accompanied by a small amplitude third pulse, originating from single or few electrons, in a time window of less than a maximum drift time. We compare our findings to those of a recent paper of the LUX Collaboration (D.S.Akerib et al. Phys.Rev.D 102, 092004). Indeed, both experiments observe events related to photoionization of the cathode. From the measured rate of these events, we estimate for the first time the quantum efficiency of the tetraphenyl butadiene deposited on the DarkSide-50 cathode at wavelengths around 128 nm, in liquid argon. Also, both experiments observe events likely related to photoionization of impurities in the liquid. The probability of photoelectron emission per unit length turns out to be one order of magnitude smaller in DarkSide-50 than in LUX. This result, together with the much larger measured electron lifetime, coherently hints toward a lower concentration of contaminants in DarkSide-50 than in LUX., Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures, 1 table
Published: 2021

32. Direct comparison of PEN and TPB wavelength shifters in a liquid argon detector

Author: Boulay, M. G., Camillo, V., Canci, N., Choudhary, S., Consiglio, L., Flammini, A., Galbiati, C., Ghiano, C., Gola, A., Horikawa, S., Kachru, P., Kochanek, I., Kondo, K., Korga, G., Kuźniak, M., Kuźwa, M., Leonhardt, A., Łęcki, T., Mazzi, A., Moharana, A., Nieradka, G., Paternoster, G., Pollmann, T. R., Razeto, A., Sablone, D., Sworobowicz, T., Szelc, A. M., Türkoğlu, C., and Wang, H.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: A large number of particle detectors employ liquid argon as their target material owing to its high scintillation yield and its ability to drift ionization charge over large distances. Scintillation light from argon is peaked at 128 nm and a wavelength shifter is required for its efficient detection. In this work, we directly compare the light yield achieved in two identical liquid argon chambers, one of which is equipped with PolyEthylene Naphthalate (PEN) and the other with TetraPhenyl Butadiene (TPB) wavelength shifter. Both chambers are lined with enhanced specular reflectors and instrumented with SiPMs with a coverage fraction of approximately 1%, which represents a geometry comparable to the future large scale detectors. We measured the light yield of the PEN chamber to be 39.4$\pm$0.4(stat)$\pm$1.9(syst)% of the yield of the TPB chamber. Using a Monte Carlo simulation this result is used to extract the wavelength shifting efficiency of PEN relative to TPB equal to 47.2$\pm$5.7%. This result paves the way for the use of easily available PEN foils as a wavelength shifter, which can substantially simplify the construction of future liquid argon detectors., Comment: 7 pages, 7 figures
Published: 2021
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33. Performance of the ReD TPC, a novel double-phase LAr detector with Silicon Photomultiplier Readout

Author: Agnes, P., Albergo, S., Albuquerque, I., Arba, M., Ave, M., Boiano, A., Bonivento, W. M., Bottino, B., Bussino, S., Cadeddu, M., Caminata, A., Canci, N., Cappello, G., Caravati, M., Cariello, M., Castellano, S., Catalanotti, S., Cataudella, V., Cereseto, R., Cesarano, R., Cicalò, C., Covone, G., de Candia, A., De Filippis, G., De Rosa, G., Davini, S., Dionisi, C., Dolganov, G., Fiorillo, G., Franco, D., Giovanetti, G. K., Galbiati, C., Gulino, M., Ippolito, V., Kemmerich, N., Kochanek, I., Korga, G., Kuss, M., La Commara, M., La Delfa, L., Leyton, M., Li, X., Lissia, M., Mari, S. M., Martoff, C. J., Masone, V., Matteucci, G., Musico, P., Oleynikov, V., Pallavicini, M., Pandola, L., Razeto, A., Rescigno, M., Rode, J., Rossi, N., Sablone, D., Sanfilippo, S., Scapparone, E., Sosa, A., Suvorov, Y., Testera, G., Tricomi, A., Tuveri, M., Wada, M., Wang, H., Wang, Y., and Westerdale, S.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: A double-phase argon Time Projection Chamber (TPC), with an active mass of 185 g, has been designed and constructed for the Recoil Directionality (ReD) experiment. The aim of the ReD project is to investigate the directional sensitivity of argon-based TPCs via columnar recombination to nuclear recoils in the energy range of interest (20-200 keV$_{nr}$) for direct dark matter searches. The key novel feature of the ReD TPC is a readout system based on cryogenic Silicon Photomultipliers, which are employed and operated continuously for the first time in an argon TPC. Over the course of six months, the ReD TPC was commissioned and characterised under various operating conditions using $\gamma$-ray and neutron sources, demonstrating remarkable stability of the optical sensors and reproducibility of the results. The scintillation gain and ionisation amplification of the TPC were measured to be $g_1 = (0.194 \pm 0.013)$ PE/photon and $g_2 = (20.0 \pm 0.9)$ PE/electron, respectively. The ratio of the ionisation to scintillation signals (S2/S1), instrumental for the positive identification of a candidate directional signal induced by WIMPs, has been investigated for both nuclear and electron recoils. At a drift field of 183 V/cm, an S2/S1 dispersion of 12% was measured for nuclear recoils of approximately 60-90 keV$_{nr}$, as compared to 18% for electron recoils depositing 60 keV of energy. The detector performance reported here meets the requirements needed to achieve the principal scientific goals of the ReD experiment in the search for a directional effect due to columnar recombination. A phenomenological parameterisation of the recombination probability in LAr is presented and employed for modeling the dependence of scintillation quenching and charge yield on the drift field for electron recoils between 50-500 keV and fields up to 1000 V/cm., Comment: 19 pages, 19 figures, prepared for submission to EPJ C
Published: 2021
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34. Identification of the cosmogenic $^{11}$C background in large volumes of liquid scintillators with Borexino

Author: Agostini, M., Altenmüller, K., Appel, S., Atroshchenko, V., Bagdasarian, Z., Basilico, D., Bellini, G., Benziger, J., Biondi, R., Bravo, D., Caccianiga, B., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Cavalcante, P., Chepurnov, A., D'Angelo, D., Davini, S., Derbin, A., Di Giacintio, A., Di Marcello, V., Ding, X. F., Di Ludovico, A., Di Noto, L., Drachnev, I., Formozov, A., Franco, D., Galbiati, C., Ghiano, C., Giammarchi, M., Goretti, A., Göttel, A. S., Gromov, M., Guffanti, D., Ianni, Aldo, Ianni, Andrea, Jany, A., Jeschke, D., Kobychev, V., Korga, G., Kumaran, S., Laubenstein, M., Litvinovich, E., Lombardi, P., Lomskaya, I., Ludhova, L., Lukyanchenko, G., Lukyanchenko, L., Machulin, I., Martyn, J., Meroni, E., Meyer, M., Miramonti, L., Misiaszek, M., Muratova, V., Neumair, B., Nieslony, M., Nugmanov, R., Oberauer, L., Orekhov, V., Ortica, F., Pallavicini, M., Papp, L., Pelicci, L., Penek, Ö., Pietrofaccia, L., Pilipenko, N., Pocar, A., Porcelli, A., Raikov, G., Ranalli, M. T., Ranucci, G., Razeto, A., Re, A., Redchuk, M., Romani, A., Rossi, N., Schönert, S., Semenov, D., Settanta, G., Skorokhvatov, M., Singha, A., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Thurn, J., Unzhakov, E., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., von Feilitzsch, F., Wojcik, M., Wurm, M., Zavatarelli, S., Zuber, K., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Cosmogenic radio-nuclei are an important source of background for low-energy neutrino experiments. In Borexino, cosmogenic $^{11}$C decays outnumber solar $pep$ and CNO neutrino events by about ten to one. Highly efficient identification of this background is mandatory for these neutrino analyses. We present here the details of the most consolidated strategy, used throughout Borexino solar neutrino measurements. It hinges upon finding the space-time correlations between $^{11}$C decays, the preceding parent muons and the accompanying neutrons. This article describes the working principles and evaluates the performance of this Three-Fold Coincidence (TFC) technique in its two current implementations: a hard-cut and a likelihood-based approach. Both show stable performances throughout Borexino Phases II (2012-2016) and III (2016-2020) data sets, with a $^{11}$C tagging efficiency of $\sim$90 % and $\sim$63-66 % of the exposure surviving the tagging. We present also a novel technique that targets specifically $^{11}$C produced in high-multiplicity during major spallation events. Such $^{11}$C appear as a burst of events, whose space-time correlation can be exploited. Burst identification can be combined with the TFC to obtain about the same tagging efficiency of $\sim$90 % but with a higher fraction of the exposure surviving, in the range of $\sim$66-68 %., Comment: 21 pages, 14 figures (but 15 files, one figure being made of 2 images), 3 tables
Published: 2021
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35. The Low Polonium Field of Borexino and its significance for the CNO neutrino detection

Author: Kumaran, S., Agostini, M., Altenmüller, K., Appel, S., Atroshchenko, V., Bagdasarian, Z., Basilico, D., Bellini, G., Benziger, J., Biondi, R., Bravo, D., Caccianiga, B., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Cavalcante, P., Chepurnov, A., D'Angelo, D., Davini, S., Derbin, A., Di Giacinto, A., Di Marcello, V., Ding, X. F., Di Ludovico, A., Di Noto, L., Drachnev, I., Formozov, A., Franco, D., Galbiati, C., Ghiano, C., Giammarchi, M., Goretti, A., Göttel, A. S., Gromov, M., Guffanti, D., Ianni, Aldo, Ianni, Andrea, Jany, A., Jeschke, D., Kobychev, V., Korga, G., Laubenstein, M., Litvinovich, E., Lombardi, P., Lomskaya, I., Ludhova, L., Lukyanchenko, G., Lukyanchenko, L., Machulin, I., Martyn, J., Meroni, E., Meyer, M., Miramonti, L., Misiaszek, M., Muratova, V., Neumair, B., Nieslony, M., Nugmanov, R., Oberauer, L., Orekhov, V., Ortica, F., Pallavicini, M., Papp, L., Pellicci, L., Penek, Ö., Pietrofaccia, L., Pilipenko, N., Pocar, A., Raikov, G., Ranalli, M. T., Ranucci, G., Razeto, A., Re, A., Redchuk, M., Romani, A., Rossi, N., Schönert, S., Semenov, D., Settanta, G., Skorokhvatov, M., Singhal, A., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Thurn, J., Unzhakov, E., Villante, F. L., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., von Feilitzsch, F., Wojcik, M., Wurm, M., Zavatarelli, S., Zuber, K., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Borexino is a liquid scintillator detector located at the Laboratori Nazionale del Gran Sasso, Italy with the main goal to measure solar neutrinos. The experiment recently provided the first direct experimental evidence of CNO-cycle neutrinos in the Sun, rejecting the no-CNO signal hypothesis with a significance greater than 5$\sigma$ at 99\%C.L. The intrinsic $^{210}$Bi is an important background for this analysis due to its similar spectral shape to that of CNO neutrinos. $^{210}$Bi can be measured through its daughter $^{210}$Po which can be distinguished through an event-by-event basis via pulse shape discrimination. However, this required reducing the convective motions in the scintillator that brought additional $^{210}$Po from peripheral sources. This was made possible through the thermal insulation and stabilization campaign performed between 2015 and 2016. This article will explain the strategy and the different methods performed to extract the $^{210}$Bi upper limit in Phase-III (Jul 2016- Feb 2020) of the experiment through the analysis of $^{210}$Po in the cleanest region of the detector called the Low Polonium Field., Comment: Contribution to the 2021 Neutrinos session of the 55th Rencontres de Moriond
Published: 2021

36. First detection of CNO neutrinos with Borexino

Author: Settanta, G., Agostini, M., Altenmüller, K., Appel, S., Atroshchenko, V., Bagdasarian, Z., Basilico, D., Bellini, G., Benziger, J., Biondi, R., Bravo, D., Caccianiga, B., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Cavalcante, P., Chepurnov, A., D'Angelo, D., Davini, S., Derbin, A., Di Giacinto, A., Di Marcello, V., Ding, X. F., Di Ludovico, A., Di Noto, L., Drachnev, I., Formozov, A., Franco, D., Galbiati, C., Ghiano, C., Giammarchi, M., Goretti, A., Göttel, A. S., Gromov, M., Guffanti, D., Ianni, Aldo, Ianni, Andrea, Jany, A., Jeschke, D., Kobychev, V., Korga, G., Kumaran, S., Laubenstein, M., Litvinovich, E., Lombardi, P., Lomskaya, I., Ludhova, L., Lukyanchenko, G., Lukyanchenko, L., Machulin, I., Martyn, J., Meroni, E., Meyer, M., Miramonti, L., Misiaszek, M., Muratova, V., Neumair, B., Nieslony, M., Nugmanov, R., Oberauer, L., Orekhov, V., Ortica, F., Pallavicini, M., Papp, L., Pelicci, L., Penek, Ö., Pietrofaccia, L., Pilipenko, N., Pocar, A., Raikov, G., Ranalli, M. T., Ranucci, G., Razeto, A., Re, A., Redchuk, M., Romani, A., Rossi, N., Schönert, S., Semenov, D., Skorokhvatov, M., Singhal, A., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Thurn, J., Unzhakov, E., Villante, F. L., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., von Feilitzsch, F., Wojcik, M., Wurm, M., Zavatarelli, S., Zuber, K., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Neutrinos are elementary particles which are known since many years as fundamental messengers from the interior of the Sun. The Standard Solar Model, which gives a theoretical description of all nuclear processes which happen in our star, predicts that roughly 99% of the energy produced is coming from a series of processes known as the "pp chain". Such processes have been studied in detail over the last years by means of neutrinos, thanks also to the important measurements provided by the Borexino experiment. The remaining 1% is instead predicted to come from a separate loop-process, known as the "CNO cycle". This sub-dominant process is theoretically well understood, but has so far escaped any direct observation. Another fundamental aspect is that the CNO cycle is indeed the main nuclear engine in stars more massive than the Sun. In 2020, thanks to the unprecedented radio-purity and temperature control achieved by the Borexino detector over recent years, the first ever detection of neutrinos from the CNO cycle has been finally announced. The milestone result confirms the existence of this nuclear fusion process in our Universe. Here, the details of the detector stabilization and the analysis techniques adopted are reported., Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures. Contribution to the 2021 Neutrinos session of the 55th Rencontres de Moriond
Published: 2021

37. Separating $^{39}$Ar from $^{40}$Ar by cryogenic distillation with Aria for dark matter searches

Author: DarkSide Collaboration, Agnes, P., Albergo, S., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Alexander, T., Alici, A., Alton, A. K., Amaudruz, P., Arba, M., Arpaia, P., Arcelli, S., Ave, M., Avetissov, I. Ch., Avetisov, R. I., Azzolini, O., Back, H. O., Balmforth, Z., Barbarian, V., Olmedo, A. Barrado, Barrillon, P., Basco, A., Batignani, G., Bondar, A., Bonivento, W. M., Borisova, E., Bottino, B., Boulay, M. G., Buccino, G., Bussino, S., Busto, J., Buzulutskov, A., Cadeddu, M., Cadoni, M., Caminata, A., Canesi, E. V., Canci, N., Cappello, G., Caravati, M., C, M., Cargioli, N., Carlini, M., Carnesecchi, F., Castello, P., Castellani, A., Catalanotti, S., Cataudella, V., Cavalcante, P., Cavuoti, S., Cebrian, S., Ruiz, J. M. Cela, Celano, B., Chashin, S., Chepurnov, A., Cical, C., Cifarelli, L., Cintas, D., Coccetti, F., Cocco, V., Colocci, M., Vilda, E. Conde, Consiglio, L., Copello, S., Corning, J., Covone, G., Czudak, P., D'Aniello, M., D'Auria, S., Rolo, M. D. Da Rocha, Dadoun, O., Daniel, M., Davini, S., De Candia, A., De Cecco, S., De Falco, A., De Filippis, G., De Gruttola, D., De Guido, G., De Rosa, G., Della Valle, M., Dellacasa, G., De Pasquale, S., Derbin, A. V., Devoto, A., Di Noto, L., Di Eusanio, F., Dionisi, C., Di Stefano, P., Dolganov, G., Dongiovanni, D., Dordei, F., Downing, M., Erjavec, T., Falciano, S., Farenzena, S., Diaz, M. Fernandez, Filip, C., Fiorillo, G., Franceschi, A., Franco, D., Frolov, E., Funicello, N., Gabriele, F., Galbiati, C., Garbini, M., Abia, P. Garcia, Gendotti, A., Ghiano, C., Giampaolo, R. A., Giganti, C., Giorgi, M. A., Giovanetti, G. K., Gligan, M. L., Casanueva, V. Goicoechea, Gola, A., Goretti, A. M., Diaz, R. Graciani, Grigoriev, G. Y., Grobov, A., Gromov, M., Guan, M., Guerzoni, M., Guetti, M., Gulino, M., Guo, C., Hackett, B. R., Hallin, A., Haranczyk, M., Hill, S., Horikawa, S., Hubaut, F., Hugues, T., Hungerford, E. V., Ianni, An., Ippolito, V., James, C. C., Jillings, C., Kachru, P., Kemp, A. A., Kendziora, C. L., Keppel, G., Khomyakov, A. V., Kim, S., Kish, A., Kochanek, I., Kondo, K., Korga, G., Kubankin, A., Kugathasan, R., Kuss, M., Kuźniak, M., La Commara, M., La Delfa, L., La Grasta, D., Lai, M., Lami, N., Langrock, S., Leyton, M., Li, X., Lidey, L., Lippi, F., Lissia, M., Longo, G., Maccioni, N., Machulin, I. N., Mapelli, L., Marasciulli, A., Margotti, A., Mari, S. M., Maricic, J., Marinelli, M., Mart, M., Rojas, A. D. Martinez, Martini, A., Martoff, C. J., Mascia, M., Masetto, M., Masoni, A., Mazzi, A., McDonald, A. B., Mclaughlin, J., Messina, A., Meyers, P. D., Miletic, T., Milincic, R., Miola, R., Moggi, A., Moharana, A., Moioli, S., Monroe, J., Morisi, S., Morrocchi, M., Mozhevitina, E. N., Mr, T., Muratova, V. N., Murenu, A., Muscas, C., Musenich, L., Musico, P., Nania, R., Napolitano, T., Agasson, A. Navrer, Nessi, M., Nikulin, I., Nowak, J., Oleinik, A., Oleynikov, V., Pagani, L., Pallavicini, M., Palmas, S., Pandola, L., Pantic, E., Paoloni, E., Paternoster, G., Pegoraro, P. A., Pellegrini, L. A., Pellegrino, C., Pelczar, K., Perotti, F., Pesudo, V., Picciau, E., Pietropaolo, F., Pinna, T., Pocar, A., Podda, P., Poehlmann, D. M., Pordes, S., Poudel, S. S., Pralavorio, P., Price, D., Raffaelli, F., Ragusa, F., Ramirez, A., Razeti, M., Razeto, A., Renshaw, A. L., Rescia, S., Rescigno, M., Resnati, F., Retiere, F., Rignanese, L. P., Ripoli, C., Rivetti, A., Rode, J., Romero, L., Rossi, M., Rubbia, A., Rucaj, M., Sabiu, G. M., Salatino, P., Samoylov, O., S, E., Sandford, E., Sanfilippo, S., Sangiorgio, V. A., Santacroce, V., Santone, D., Santorelli, R., Santucci, A., Savarese, C., Scapparone, E., Schlitzer, B., Scioli, G., Semenov, D. A., Shaw, B., Shchagin, A., Sheshukov, A., Simeone, M., Skensved, P., Skorokhvatov, M. D., Smirnov, O., Smith, B., Sokolov, A., Stefanizzi, R., Steri, A., Stracka, S., Strickland, V., Stringer, M., Sulis, S., Suvorov, Y., Szelc, A. M., Zsücs-Balázs, J. Z., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Thorpe, T. N., Tonazzo, A., Torres-Lara, S., Tosti, S., Tricomi, A., Tuveri, M., Unzhakov, E. V., Usai, G., John, T. Vallivilayil, Vescovi, S., Viant, T., Viel, S., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., Wada, M., Wang, H., Wang, Y., Westerdale, S., Wheadon, R. J., Williams, L., Wojcik, Ma. M., Wojcik, Ma., Xiao, X., Yang, C., Zani, A., Zenobio, F., Zichichi, A., Zuzel, G., and Zykova, M. P.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: The Aria project consists of a plant, hosting a 350 m cryogenic isotopic distillation column, the tallest ever built, which is currently in the installation phase in a mine shaft at Carbosulcis S.p.A., Nuraxi-Figus (SU), Italy. Aria is one of the pillars of the argon dark-matter search experimental program, lead by the Global Argon Dark Matter Collaboration. Aria was designed to reduce the isotopic abundance of $^{39}$Ar, a $\beta$-emitter of cosmogenic origin, whose activity poses background and pile-up concerns in the detectors, in the argon used for the dark-matter searches, the so-called Underground Argon (UAr). In this paper, we discuss the requirements, design, construction, tests, and projected performance of the plant for the isotopic cryogenic distillation of argon. We also present the successful results of isotopic cryogenic distillation of nitrogen with a prototype plant, operating the column at total reflux.
Published: 2021
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38. Sensitivity of future liquid argon dark matter search experiments to core-collapse supernova neutrinos

Author: Agnes, P., Albergo, S., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Alexander, T., Alici, A., Alton, A. K., Amaudruz, P., Arcelli, S., Ave, M., Avetissov, I. Ch., Avetisov, R. I., Azzolini, O., Back, H. O., Balmforth, Z., Barbarian, V., Olmedo, A. Barrado, Barrillon, P., Basco, A., Batignani, G., Bondar, A., Bonivento, W. M., Borisova, E., Bottino, B., Boulay, M. G., Buccino, G., Bussino, S., Busto, J., Buzulutskov, A., Cadeddu, M., Cadoni, M., Caminata, A., Canci, N., Cappello, G., Caravati, M., Cárdenas-Montes, M., Carlini, M., Carnesecchi, F., Castello, P., Catalanotti, S., Cataudella, V., Cavalcante, P., Cavuoti, S., Cebrian, S., Ruiz, J. M. Cela, Celano, B., Chashin, S., Chepurnov, A., Chyhyrynets, E, Cicalò, C., Cifarelli, L., Cintas, D., Coccetti, F., Cocco, V., Colocci, M., Vilda, E. Conde, Consiglio, L., Copello, S., Corning, J., Covone, G., Czudak, P., D'Auria, S., Rolo, M. D. Da Rocha, Dadoun, O., Daniel, M., Davini, S., De Candia, A., De Cecco, S., De Falco, A., De Filippis, G., De Gruttola, D., De Guido, G., De Rosa, G., Della Valle, M., Dellacasa, G., De Pasquale, S., Derbin, A. V., Devoto, A., Di Noto, L., Dionisi, C., Di Stefano, P., Dolganov, G., Dordei, F., Doria, L., Downing, M., Erjavec, T., Diaz, M. Fernandez, Fiorillo, G., Franceschi, A., Franco, D., Frolov, E., Funicello, N., Gabriele, F., Galbiati, C., Garbini, M., Abia, P. Garcia, Gendotti, A., Ghiano, C., Giampaolo, R. A., Giganti, C., Giorgi, M. A., Giovanetti, G. K., Casanueva, V. Goicoechea, Gola, A., Diaz, R. Graciani, Grigoriev, G. Y., Grobov, A., Gromov, M., Guan, M., Guerzoni, M., Gulino, M., Guo, C., Hackett, B. R., Hallin, A., Haranczyk, M., Hill, S., Horikawa, S., Hubaut, F., Hugues, T., Hungerford, E. V., Ianni, An., Ippolito, V., James, C. C., Jillings, C., Kachru, P., Kemp, A. A., Kendziora, C. L., Keppel, G., Khomyakov, A. V., Kim, S., Kish, A., Kochanek, I., Kondo, K., Korga, G., Kubankin, A., Kugathasan, R., Kuss, M., Kuźniak, M., La Commara, M., Lai, M., Langrock, S., Leyton, M., Li, X., Lidey, L., Lissia, M., Longo, G., Machulin, I. N., Mapelli, L., Marasciulli, A., Margotti, A., Mari, S. M., Maricic, J., Martínez, M., Rojas, A. D. Martinez, Martoff, C. J., Masoni, A., Mazzi, A., McDonald, A. B., Mclaughlin, J., Messina, A., Meyers, P. D., Miletic, T., Milincic, R., Moggi, A., Moharana, A., Moioli, S., Monroe, J., Morisi, S., Morrocchi, M., Mozhevitina, E. N., Mróz, T., Muratova, V. N., Muscas, C., Musenich, L., Musico, P., Nania, R., Napolitano, T., Agasson, A. Navrer, Nessi, M., Nikulin, I., Nowak, J., Oleinik, A., Oleynikov, V., Pagani, L., Pallavicini, M., Pandola, L., Pantic, E., Paoloni, E., Paternoster, G., Pegoraro, P. A., Pelczar, K., Pellegrini, L. A., Pellegrino, C., Perotti, F., Pesudo, V., Picciau, E., Pietropaolo, F., Pira, C., Pocar, A., Poehlmann, D. M., Pordes, S., Poudel, S. S., Pralavorio, P., Price, D., Raffaelli, F., Ragusa, F., Ramirez, A., Razeti, M., Razeto, A., Renshaw, A. L., Rescia, S., Rescigno, M., Resnati, F., Retiere, F., Rignanese, L. P., Ripoli, C., Rivetti, A., Rode, J., Romero, L., Rossi, M., Rubbia, A., Salatino, P., Samoylov, O., García, E. Sánchez, Sandford, E., Sanfilippo, S., Santone, D., Santorelli, R., Savarese, C., Scapparone, E., Schlitzer, B., Scioli, G., Semenov, D. A., Shaw, B., Shchagin, A., Sheshukov, A., Simeone, M., Skensved, P., Skorokhvatov, M. D., Smirnov, O., Smith, B., Sokolov, A., Steri, A., Stracka, S., Strickland, V., Stringer, M., Sulis, S., Suvorov, Y., Szelc, A. M., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Thorpe, T. N., Tonazzo, A., Torres-Lara, S., Tricomi, A., Unzhakov, E. V., Usai, G., John, T. Vallivilayil, Viant, T., Viel, S., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., Wada, M., Wang, H., Wang, Y., Westerdale, S., Wheadon, R. J., Williams, L., Wojcik, Ma. M., Wojcik, Ma., Xiao, X., Yang, C., Ye, Z., Zani, A., Zichichi, A., Zuzel, G., and Zykova, M. P.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Future liquid-argon DarkSide-20k and ARGO detectors, designed for direct dark matter search, will be sensitive also to core-collapse supernova neutrinos, via coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering. This interaction channel is flavor-insensitive with a high-cross section, enabling for a high-statistics neutrino detection with target masses of $\sim$50~t and $\sim$360~t for DarkSide-20k and ARGO, respectively. Thanks to the low-energy threshold of $\sim$0.5~keV$_{nr}$ achievable by exploiting the ionization channel, DarkSide-20k and ARGO have the potential to discover supernova bursts throughout our galaxy and up to the Small Magellanic Cloud, respectively, assuming a 11-M$_{\odot}$ progenitor star. We report also on the sensitivity to the neutronization burst, whose electron neutrino flux is suppressed by oscillations when detected via charged current and elastic scattering. Finally, the accuracies in the reconstruction of the average and total neutrino energy in the different phases of the supernova burst, as well as its time profile, are also discussed, taking into account the expected background and the detector response., Comment: 21 pages, 8 figures
Published: 2020
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39. Experimental evidence of neutrinos produced in the CNO fusion cycle in the Sun

Author: Agostini, M., Altenmüller, K., Appel, S., Atroshchenko, V., Bagdasarian, Z., Basilico, D., Bellini, G., Benziger, J., Biondi, R., Bravo, D., Caccianiga, B., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Cavalcante, P., Chepurnov, A., D'Angelo, D., Davini, S., Derbin, A., Di Giacinto, A., Di Marcello, V., Ding, X. F., Di Ludovico, A., Di Noto, L., Drachnev, I., Formozov, A., Franco, D., Galbiati, C., Ghiano, C., Giammarchi, M., Goretti, A., Göttel, A. S., Gromov, M., Guffanti, D., Ianni, Aldo, Ianni, Andrea, Jany, A., Jeschke, D., Kobychev, V., Korga, G., Kumaran, S., Laubenstein, M., Litvinovich, E., Lombardi, P., Lomskaya, I., Ludhova, L., Lukyanchenko, G., Lukyanchenko, L., Machulin, I., Martyn, J., Meroni, E., Meyer, M., Miramonti, L., Misiaszek, M., Muratova, V., Neumair, B., Nieslony, M., Nugmanov, R., Oberauer, L., Orekhov, V., Ortica, F., Pallavicini, M., Papp, L., Pellicci, L., Penek, Ö., Pietrofaccia, L., Pilipenko, N., Pocar, A., Raikov, G., Ranalli, M. T., Ranucci, G., Razeto, A., Re, A., Redchuk, M., Romani, A., Rossi, N., Schönert, S., Semenov, D., Settanta, G., Skorokhvatov, M., Singhal, A., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Thurn, J., Unzhakov, E., Villante, F. L., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., von Feilitzsch, F., Wojcik, M., Wurm, M., Zavatarelli, S., Zuber, K., and Collaboration, G. Zuzel. The BOREXINO
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, G.3.1
Abstract: For most of their existence stars are fueled by the fusion of hydrogen into helium proceeding via two theoretically well understood processes, namely the $pp$ chain and the CNO cycle. Neutrinos emitted along such fusion processes in the solar core are the only direct probe of the deep interior of the star. A complete spectroscopy of neutrinos from the {\it pp} chain, producing about 99\% of the solar energy, has already been performed \cite{bib:Nature-2018}. Here, we report the direct observation, with a high statistical significance, of neutrinos produced in the CNO cycle in the Sun. This is the first experimental evidence of this process obtained with the unprecedentedly radio-pure large-volume liquid-scintillator Borexino detector located at the underground Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso in Italy. The main difficulty of this experimental effort is to identify the excess of the few counts per day per 100 tonnes of target due to CNO neutrino interactions above the backgrounds. A novel method to constrain the rate of \bi contaminating the scintillator relies on the thermal stabilisation of the detector achieved over the past 5 years. In the CNO cycle, the hydrogen fusion is catalyzed by the carbon (C) - nitrogen (N) - oxygen (O) and thus its rate, as well as the flux of emitted CNO neutrinos, directly depends on the abundance of these elements in solar core. Therefore, this result paves the way to a direct measurement of the solar metallicity by CNO neutrinos. While this result quantifies the relative contribution of the CNO fusion in the Sun to be of the order of 1\%, this process is dominant in the energy production of massive stars. The occurrence of the primary mechanism for the stellar conversion of hydrogen into helium in the Universe has been proven., Comment: 43 pages, 14 figures
Published: 2020
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40. Sensitivity to neutrinos from the solar CNO cycle in Borexino

Author: Agostini, M., Altenmüller, K., Appel, S., Atroshchenko, V., Bagdasarian, Z., Basilico, D., Bellini, G., Benziger, J., Biondi, R., Bravo, D., Caccianiga, B., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Cavalcante, P., Chepurnov, A., D'Angelo, D., Davini, S., Derbin, A., Di Giacinto, A., Di Marcello, V., Ding, X. F., Di Ludovico, A., Di Noto, L., Drachnev, I., Formozov, A., Franco, D., Galbiati, C., Ghiano, C., Giammarchi, M., Goretti, A., Göttel, A. S., Gromov, M., Guffanti, D., Ianni, Aldo, Ianni, Andrea, Jany, A., Jeschke, D., Kobychev, V., Korga, G., Kumaran, S., Laubenstein, M., Litvinovich, E., Lombardi, P., Lomskaya, I., Ludhova, L., Lukyanchenko, G., Lukyanchenko, L., Machulin, I., Martyn, J., Meroni, E., Meyer, M., Miramonti, L., Misiaszek, M., Muratova, V., Neumair, B., Nieslony, M., Nugmanov, R., Oberauer, L., Orekhov, V., Ortica, F., Pallavicini, M., Papp, L., Penek, Ö., Pietrofaccia, L., Pilipenko, N., Pocar, A., Raikov, G., Ranalli, M. T., Ranucci, G., Razeto, A., Re, A., Redchuk, M., Romani, A., Rossi, N., Schönert, S., Semenov, D., Settanta, G., Skorokhvatov, M., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Thurn, J., Unzhakov, E., Villante, F. L., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., von Feilitzsch, F., Wojcik, M., Wurm, M., Zavatarelli, S., Zuber, K., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Neutrinos emitted in the carbon, nitrogen, oxygen (CNO) fusion cycle in the Sun are a sub-dominant, yet crucial component of solar neutrinos whose flux has not been measured yet. The Borexino experiment at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (Italy) has a unique opportunity to detect them directly thanks to the detector's radiopurity and the precise understanding of the detector backgrounds. We discuss the sensitivity of Borexino to CNO neutrinos, which is based on the strategies we adopted to constrain the rates of the two most relevant background sources, pep neutrinos from the solar pp-chain and Bi-210 beta decays originating in the intrinsic contamination of the liquid scintillator with Pb-210. Assuming the CNO flux predicted by the high-metallicity Standard Solar Model and an exposure of 1000 daysx71.3 t, Borexino has a median sensitivity to CNO neutrino higher than 3 sigma. With the same hypothesis the expected experimental uncertainty on the CNO neutrino flux is 23%, provided the uncertainty on the independent estimate of the Bi-210 interaction rate is 1.5 cpd/100t. Finally, we evaluated the expected uncertainty of the C and N abundances and the expected discrimination significance between the high and low metallicity Standard Solar Models (HZ and LZ) with future more precise measurement of the CNO solar neutrino flux., Comment: 16 pages, 12 figures
Published: 2020
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41. SiPM-matrix readout of two-phase argon detectors using electroluminescence in the visible and near infrared range

Author: The DarkSide collaboration, Aalseth, C. E., Abdelhakim, S., Agnes, P., Ajaj, R., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Alexander, T., Alici, A., Alton, A. K., Amaudruz, P., Ameli, F., Anstey, J., Antonioli, P., Arba, M., Arcelli, S., Ardito, R., Arnquist, I. J., Arpaia, P., Asner, D. M., Asunskis, A., Ave, M., Back, H. O., Barbaryan, V., Olmedo, A. Barrado, Batignani, G., Bisogni, M. G., Bocci, V., Bondar, A., Bonfini, G., Bonivento, W., Borisova, E., Bottino, B., Boulay, M. G., Bunker, R., Bussino, S., Buzulutskov, A., Cadeddu, M., Cadoni, M., Caminata, A., Canci, N., Candela, A., Cantini, C., Caravati, M., Cariello, M., Carnesecchi, F., Castellani, A., Castello, P., Cavalcante, P., Cavazza, D., Cavuoti, S., Cebrian, S., Ruiz, J. M. Cela, Celano, B., Cereseto, R., Chashin, S., Cheng, W., Chepurnov, A., Cicalò, C., Cifarelli, L., Citterio, M., Coccetti, F., Cocco, V., Colocci, M., Vilda, E. Conde, Consiglio, L., Cossio, F., Covone, G., Crivelli, P., D'Antone, I., D'Incecco, M., Rolo, M. D. Da Rocha, Dadoun, O., Daniel, M., Davini, S., De Cecco, S., De Deo, M., De Falco, A., De Gruttola, D., De Guido, G., De Rosa, G., Dellacasa, G., Demontis, P., De Pasquale, S., Derbin, A. V., Devoto, A., Di Eusanio, F., Di Noto, L., Di Pietro, G., Di Stefano, P., Dionisi, C., Dolganov, G., Dordei, F., Downing, M., Edalatfar, F., Empl, A., Diaz, M. Fernandez, Filip, C., Fiorillo, G., Fomenko, K., Franceschi, A., Franco, D., Frolov, E., Froudakis, G. E., Funicello, N., Gabriele, F., Gabrieli, A., Galbiati, C., Garbini, M., Abia, P. Garcia, Fora, D. Gascón, Gendotti, A., Ghiano, C., Ghisi, A., Giampa, P., Giampaolo, R. A., Giganti, C., Giorgi, M. A., Giovanetti, G. K., Gligan, M. L., Gorchakov, O., Grab, M., Diaz, R. Graciani, Grassi, M., Grate, J. W., Grobov, A., Gromov, M., Guan, M., Guerra, M. B. B., Guerzoni, M., Gulino, M., Haaland, R. K., Hackett, B. R., Hallin, A., Haranczyk, M., Harrop, B., Hoppe, E. W., Horikawa, S., Hosseini, B., Hubaut, F., Humble, P., Hungerford, E. V., Ianni, An., Ilyasov, A., Ippolito, V., Jillings, C., Keeter, K., Kendziora, C. L., Kochanek, I., Kondo, K., Kopp, G., Korablev, D., Korga, G., Kubankin, A., Kugathasan, R., Kuss, M., La Commara, M., La Delfa, L., Lai, M., Lebois, M., Lehnert, B., Levashko, N., Li, X., Liqiang, Q., Lissia, M., Lodi, G. U., Longo, G., Lussana, R., Luzzi, L., Machado, A. A., Machulin, I. N., Mandarano, A., Manecki, S., Mapelli, L., Margotti, A., Mari, S. M., Mariani, M., Maricic, J., Marinelli, M., Marras, D., Martínez, M., Rojas, A. D. Martinez, Mascia, M., Mason, J., Masoni, A., McDonald, A. B., Messina, A., Miletic, T., Milincic, R., Moggi, A., Moioli, S., Monroe, J., Morrocchi, M., Mroz, T., Mu, W., Muratova, V. N., Murphy, S., Muscas, C., Musico, P., Nania, R., Napolitano, T., Agasson, A. Navrer, Nessi, M., Nikulin, I., Nosov, V., Nowak, J. A., Oleinik, A., Oleynikov, V., Orsini, M., Ortica, F., Pagani, L., Pallavicini, M., Palmas, S., Pandola, L., Pantic, E., Paoloni, E., Pazzona, F., Peeters, S., Pegoraro, P. A., Pelczar, K., Pellegrini, L. A., Pellegrino, C., Pelliccia, N., Perotti, F., Pesudo, V., Picciau, E., Pietropaolo, F., Pocar, A., Pollmann, T. R., Portaluppi, D., Poudel, S. S., Pralavorio, P., Price, D., Radics, B., Raffaelli, F., Ragusa, F., Razeti, M., Regenfus, C., Renshaw, A. L., Rescia, S., Rescigno, M., Retiere, F., Rignanese, L. P., Ripoli, C., Rivetti, A., Rode, J., Romani, A., Romero, L., Rossi, N., Rubbia, A., Sala, P., Salatino, P., Samoylov, O., García, E. Sánchez, Sandford, E., Sanfilippo, S., Sant, M., Santone, D., Santorelli, R., Savarese, C., Scapparone, E., Schlitzer, B., Scioli, G., Segreto, E., Seifert, A., Semenov, D. A., Shchagin, A., Sheshukov, A., Siddhanta, S., Simeone, M., Singh, P. N., Skensved, P., Skorokhvatov, M. D., Smirnov, O., Sobrero, G., Sokolov, A., Sotnikov, A., Stainforth, R., Steri, A., Stracka, S., Strickland, V., Suffritti, G. B., Sulis, S., Suvorov, Y., Szelc, A. M., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Thorpe, T., Tonazzo, A., Tosi, A., Tuveri, M., Unzhakov, E. V., Usai, G., Vacca, A., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Viant, T., Viel, S., Villa, F., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., Wahl, J., Walding, J. J., Wang, H., Wang, Y., Westerdale, S., Wheadon, R. J., Williams, R., Wilson, J., Wojcik, Ma. M., Wojcik, Ma., Wu, S., Xiao, X., Yang, C., Ye, Z., Zuffa, M., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Proportional electroluminescence (EL) in noble gases is used in two-phase detectors for dark matter searches to record (in the gas phase) the ionization signal induced by particle scattering in the liquid phase. The "standard" EL mechanism is considered to be due to noble gas excimer emission in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV). In addition, there are two alternative mechanisms, producing light in the visible and near infrared (NIR) ranges. The first is due to bremsstrahlung of electrons scattered on neutral atoms ("neutral bremsstrahlung", NBrS). The second, responsible for electron avalanche scintillation in the NIR at higher electric fields, is due to transitions between excited atomic states. In this work, we have for the first time demonstrated two alternative techniques of the optical readout of two-phase argon detectors, in the visible and NIR range, using a silicon photomultiplier matrix and electroluminescence due to either neutral bremsstrahlung or avalanche scintillation. The amplitude yield and position resolution were measured for these readout techniques, which allowed to assess the detection threshold for electron and nuclear recoils in two-phase argon detectors for dark matter searches. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first practical application of the NBrS effect in detection science., Comment: 26 pages, 22 figures, 3 tables
Published: 2020
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42. Effective field theory interactions for liquid argon target in DarkSide-50 experiment

Author: Collaboration, The DarkSide-50, Agnes, P., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Alexander, T., Alton, A. K., Ave, M., Back, H. O., Batignani, G., Biery, K., Bocci, V., Bonfini, G., Bonivento, W. M., Bottino, B., Bussino, S., Cadeddu, M., Cadoni, M., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Canci, N., Candela, A., Caravati, M., Cariello, M., Carlini, M., Carpinelli, M., Catalanotti, S., Cataudella, V., Cavalcante, P., Cavuoti, S., Chepurnov, A., Cicalò, C., Cocco, A. G., Covone, G., D'Angelo, D., Davini, S., DeCandia, A., DeCecco, S., DeDeo, M., DeFilippis, G., DeRosa, G., Derbin, A. V., Devoto, A., DiEusanio, F., D'Incecco, M., DiPietro, G., Dionisi, C., Downing, M., D'Urso, D., Edkins, E., Empl, A., Fiorillo, G., Fomenko, K., Franco, D., Gabriele, F., Galbiati, C., Ghiano, C., Giagu, S., Giganti, C., Giovanetti, G. K., Gorchakov, O., Goretti, A. M., Granato, F., Grobov, A., Gromov, M., Guan, M., Guardincerri, Y., Gulino, M., Hackett, B. R., Herner, K., Hosseini, B., Hughes, D., Humble, P., Hungerford, E. V., Ianni, Al., Ianni, An., Ippolito, V., Johnson, T. N., Keeter, K., Kendziora, C. L., Kochanek, I., Koh, G., Korablev, D., Korga, G., Kubankin, A., Kuss, M., LaCommara, M., Lai, M., Li, X., Lissia, M., Longo, G., Machado, A. A., Machulin, I. N., Mandarano, A., Mapelli, L., Mari, S. M., Maricic, J., Martoff, C. J., Messina, A., Meyers, P. D., Milincic, R., Monte, A., Morrocchi, M., Muratova, V. N., Musico, P., NavrerAgasson, A., Nozdrina, A. O., Oleinik, A., Orsini, M., Ortica, F., Pagani, L., Pallavicini, M., Pandola, L., Pantic, E., Paoloni, E., Pelczar, K., Pelliccia, N., Picciau, E., Pocar, A., Pordes, S., Poudel, S. S., Qian, H., Ragusa, F., Razeti, M., Razeto, A., Renshaw, A. L., Rescigno, M., Riffard, Q., Romani, A., Rossi, B., Rossi, N., Sablone, D., Samoylov, O., Sands, W., Sanfilippo, S., Savarese, C., Schlitzer, B., Segreto, E., Semenov, D. A., Shchagin, A., Sheshukov, A., Singh, P. N., Skorokhvatov, M. D., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Stanford, C., Stracka, S., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Tonazzo, A., Trinchese, P., Unzhakov, E. V., Verducci, M., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., Wada, M., Waldrop, T. J., Wang, H., Wang, Y., Watson, A. W., Westerdale, S., Wojcik, M. M., Xiang, X., Xiao, X., Yang, C., Ye, Z., Zhu, C., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: We reanalize data collected with the DarkSide-50 experiment and recently used to set limits on the spin-independent interaction rate of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) on argon nuclei with an effective field theory framework. The dataset corresponds to a total (16660 $\pm$ 270) kg d exposure using a target of low-radioactivity argon extracted from underground sources. We obtain upper limits on the effective couplings of the 12 leading operators in the nonrelativistic systematic expansion. For each effective coupling we set constraints on WIMP-nucleon cross sections, setting upper limits between $2.4 \times 10^{-45} \, \mathrm{cm}^2$ and $2.3 \times 10^{-42} \, \mathrm{cm}^2$ (8.9 $\times 10^{-45} \, \mathrm{cm}^2$ and 6.0 $\times 10^{-42} \, \mathrm{cm}^2$) for WIMPs of mass of 100 $\mathrm{GeV/c^2}$ (1000 $\mathrm{GeV/c^2}$) at 90\% confidence level., Comment: Accepted by PRD
Published: 2020

43. Design and construction of a new detector to measure ultra-low radioactive-isotope contamination of argon

Author: The DarkSide Collaboration, Aalseth, C. E., Abdelhakim, S., Acerbi, F., Agnes, P., Ajaj, R., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Alexander, T., Alici, A., Alton, A. K., Amaudruz, P., Ameli, F., Anstey, J., Antonioli, P., Arba, M., Arcelli, S., Ardito, R., Arnquist, I. J., Arpaia, P., Asner, D. M., Asunskis, A., Ave, M., Back, H. O., Olmedo, A. Barrado, Batignani, G., Bisogni, M. G., Bocci, V., Bondar, A., Bonfini, G., Bonivento, W., Borisova, E., Bottino, B., Boulay, M. G., Bunker, R., Bussino, S., Buzulutskov, A., Cadeddu, M., Cadoni, M., Caminata, A., Canci, N., Candela, A., Cantini, C., Caravati, M., Cariello, M., Carnesecchi, F., Carpinelli, M., Castellani, A., Castello, P., Catalanotti, S., Cataudella, V., Cavalcante, P., Cavazza, D., Cavuoti, S., Cebrian, S., Ruiz, J. M. Cela, Celano, B., Cereseto, R., Cheng, W., Chepurnov, A., Cicalò, C., Cifarelli, L., Citterio, M., Cocco, A. G., Cocco, V., Colocci, M., Consiglio, L., Cossio, F., Covone, G., Crivelli, P., D'Antone, I., D'Incecco, M., D'Urso, D., Rolo, M. D. Da Rocha, Dadoun, O., Daniel, M., Davini, S., De Candia, A., De Cecco, S., De Deo, M., De Falco, A., De Filippis, G., De Gruttola, D., De Guido, G., De Rosa, G., Dellacasa, G., Demontis, P., DePaquale, S., Derbin, A. V., Devoto, A., Di Eusanio, F., Di Noto, L., Di Pietro, G., Di Stefano, P., Dionisi, C., Dolganov, G., Dordei, F., Downing, M., Edalatfar, F., Empl, A., Diaz, M. Fernandez, Ferri, A., Filip, C., Fiorillo, G., Fomenko, K., Franceschi, A., Franco, D., Froudakis, G. E., Gabriele, F., Gabrieli, A., Galbiati, C., Abia, P. Garcia, Fora, D. Gascón, Gendotti, A., Ghiano, C., Ghisi, A., Giagu, S., Giampa, P., Giampaolo, R. A., Giganti, C., Giorgi, M. A., Giovanetti, G. K., Gligan, M. L., Gola, A., Gorchakov, O., Grab, M., Diaz, R. Graciani, Granato, F., Grassi, M., Grate, J. W., Grigoriev, G. Y., Grobov, A., Gromov, M., Guan, M., Guerra, M. B. B., Guerzoni, M., Gulino, M., Haaland, R. K., Hackett, B. R., Hallin, A., Harrop, B., Hoppe, E. W., Horikawa, S., Hosseini, B., Hubaut, F., Humble, P., Hungerford, E. V., Ianni, An., Ilyasov, A., Ippolito, V., Jillings, C., Keeter, K., Kendziora, C. L., Kim, S., Kochanek, I., Kondo, K., Kopp, G., Korablev, D., Korga, G., Kubankin, A., Kugathasan, R., Kuss, M., Kuźniak, M., La Commara, M., La Delfa, L., Lai, M., Langrock, S., Lebois, M., Lehnert, B., Levashko, N., Li, X., Liqiang, Q., Lissia, M., Lodi, G. U., Longo, G., Manzano, R. López, Lussana, R., Luzzi, L., Machado, A. A., Machulin, I. N., Mandarano, A., Mapelli, L., Marcante, M., Margotti, A., Mari, S. M., Mariani, M., Maricic, J., Marinelli, M., Marras, D., Martínez, M., Morales, J. J. Martínez, Rojas, A. D. Martinez, Martoff, C. J., Mascia, M., Mason, J., Masoni, A., Mazzi, A., McDonald, A. B., Messina, A., Meyers, P. D., Miletic, T., Milincic, R., Moggi, A., Moioli, S., Monroe, J., Morrocchi, M., Mroz, T., Mu, W., Muratova, V. N., Murphy, S., Muscas, C., Musico, P., Nania, R., Napolitano, T., Agasson, A. Navrer, Nessi, M., Nikulin, I., Oleinik, A., Oleynikov, V., Orsini, M., Ortica, F., Pagani, L., Pallavicini, M., Palmas, S., Pandola, L., Pantic, E., Paoloni, E., Paternoster, G., Pavletcov, V., Pazzona, F., Peeters, S., Pegoraro, P. A., Pelczar, K., Pellegrini, L. A., Pellegrino, C., Pelliccia, N., Perotti, F., Pesudo, V., Picciau, E., Piemonte, C., Pietropaolo, F., Pocar, A., Pollman, T., Portaluppi, D., Poudel, S. S., Pralavorio, P., Price, D., Radics, B., Raffaelli, F., Ragusa, F., Razeti, M., Razeto, A., Regazzoni, V., Regenfus, C., Renshaw, A. L., Rescia, S., Rescigno, M., Retiere, F., Rignanese, L. P., Rivetti, A., Romani, A., Romero, L., Rossi, N., Rubbia, A., Sablone, D., Sala, P., Salatino, P., Samoylov, O., García, E. Sánchez, Sanfilippo, S., Sant, M., Santone, D., Santorelli, R., Savarese, C., Scapparone, E., Schlitzer, B., Scioli, G., Segreto, E., Seifert, A., Semenov, D. A., Shchagin, A., Sheshukov, A., Siddhanta, S., Simeone, M., Singh, P. N., Skensved, P., Skorokhvatov, M. D., Smirnov, O., Sobrero, G., Sokolov, A., Sotnikov, A., Stainforth, R., Steri, A., Stracka, S., Strickland, V., Suffritti, G. B., Sulis, S., Suvorov, Y., Szelc, A. M., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Thorpe, T., Tonazzo, A., Tosi, A., Tuveri, M., Unzhakov, E. V., Usai, G., Vacca, A., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Verducci, M., Viant, T., Viel, S., Villa, F., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., Wada, M., Wahl, J., Walding, J. J., Wang, H., Wang, Y., Westerdale, S., Wheadon, R. J., Williams, R., Wilson, J., Wojcik, Marcin, Wojcik, Mariusz, Wu, S., Xiao, X., Yang, C., Ye, Z., Zuffa, M., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Large liquid argon detectors offer one of the best avenues for the detection of galactic weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) via their scattering on atomic nuclei. The liquid argon target allows exquisite discrimination between nuclear and electron recoil signals via pulse-shape discrimination of the scintillation signals. Atmospheric argon (AAr), however, has a naturally occurring radioactive isotope, $^{39}$Ar, a $\beta$ emitter of cosmogenic origin. For large detectors, the atmospheric $^{39}$Ar activity poses pile-up concerns. The use of argon extracted from underground wells, deprived of $^{39}$Ar, is key to the physics potential of these experiments. The DarkSide-20k dark matter search experiment will operate a dual-phase time projection chamber with 50 tonnes of radio-pure underground argon (UAr), that was shown to be depleted of $^{39}$Ar with respect to AAr by a factor larger than 1400. Assessing the $^{39}$Ar content of the UAr during extraction is crucial for the success of DarkSide-20k, as well as for future experiments of the Global Argon Dark Matter Collaboration (GADMC). This will be carried out by the DArT in ArDM experiment, a small chamber made with extremely radio-pure materials that will be placed at the centre of the ArDM detector, in the Canfranc Underground Laboratory (LSC) in Spain. The ArDM LAr volume acts as an active veto for background radioactivity, mostly $\gamma$-rays from the ArDM detector materials and the surrounding rock. This article describes the DArT in ArDM project, including the chamber design and construction, and reviews the background required to achieve the expected performance of the detector., Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures. Corresponding author: E. S\'anchez Garc\'ia
Published: 2020
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44. Study of cosmogenic activation above ground for the DarkSide-20k experiment

Author: Elersich, A., Agnes, P., Ahmad, I., Albergo, S., Albuquerque, I.F.M., Alexander, T., Alton, A.K., Amaudruz, P., Atzori Corona, M., Ave, M., Avetisov, I.Ch., Azzolini, O., Back, H.O., Balmforth, Z., Barrado-Olmedo, A., Barrillon, P., Basco, A., Batignani, G., Bocci, V., Bonivento, W.M., Bottino, B., Boulay, M.G., Busto, J., Cadeddu, M., Caminata, A., Canci, N., Capra, A., Caprioli, S., Caravati, M., Cargioli, N., Carlini, M., Castello, P., Cavalcante, P., Cavuoti, S., Cebrian, S., Cela Ruiz, J.M., Chashin, S., Chepurnov, A., Chyhyrynets, E., Cifarelli, L., Cintas, D., Citterio, M., Cleveland, B., Cocco, V., Colaiuda, D., Conde Vilda, E., Consiglio, L., Copello, S., Covone, G., Czubak, M., D’Aniello, M., D’Auria, S., Da Rocha Rolo, M.D., Davini, S., De Cecco, S., De Gruttola, D., De Pasquale, S., De Rosa, G., Dellacasa, G., Derbin, A.V., Devoto, A., Di Capua, F., Di Noto, L., Di Stefano, P., Dolganov, G., Dordei, F., Ellingwood, E., Erjavec, T., Fernandez Diaz, M., Fiorillo, G., Franchini, P., Franco, D., Funicello, N., Gabriele, F., Gahan, D., Galbiati, C., Gallina, G., Gallus, G., Garbini, M., Garcia Abia, P., Gendotti, A., Ghiano, C., Giganti, C., Giovanetti, G.K., Goicoechea Casanueva, V., Gola, A., Grauso, G., Grilli di Cortona, G., Grobov, A., Gromov, M., Guan, M., Guerzoni, M., Gulino, M., Guo, C., Hackett, B.R., Hallin, A.L., Hamer, A., Haranczyk, M., Hessel, T., Hill, S., Horikawa, S., Hubaut, F., Hucker, J., Hugues, T., Ianni, An., Ippolito, V., Jillings, C., Jois, S., Kachru, P., Kemp, A.A., Kendziora, C.L., Kimura, M., Kochanek, I., Kondo, K., Korga, G., Koulosousas, S., Kubankin, A., Kuss, M., Kuzniak, M., La Commara, M., Lai, M., Le Guirriec, E., Leason, E., Leoni, A., Lidey, L., Lissia, M., Luzzi, L., Lychagina, O., Macfadyen, O., Machulin, I.N., Manecki, S., Manthos, I., Mapelli, L., Margotti, A., Mari, S.M., Mariani, C., Maricic, J., Marini, A., Martínez, M., Martoff, C.J., Matteucci, G., Mavrokoridis, K., McDonald, A.B., Messina, A., Milincic, R., Mitra, A., Moharana, A., Monroe, J., Moretti, E., Morrocchi, M., Mróz, T., Muratova, V.N., Muscas, C., Musico, P., Nania, R., Nessi, M., Nieradka, G., Nikolopoulos, K., Nowak, J., Olchansky, K., Oleinik, A., Oleynikov, V., Organtini, P., Ortiz de Solórzano, A., Pagani, L., Pallavicini, M., Pandola, L., Pantic, E., Paoloni, E., Paternoster, G., Pegoraro, P.A., Pelczar, K., Pellegrino, C., Pesudo, V., Piacentini, S., Pietrofaccia, L., Pino, N., Pocar, A., Poehlmann, D.M., Pordes, S., Pralavorio, P., Price, D., Ragusa, F., Ramachers, Y., Razeti, M., Renshaw, A.L., Rescigno, M., Retiere, F., Rignanese, L.P., Ripoli, C., Rivetti, A., Roberts, A., Roberts, C., Rode, J., Rogers, G., Romero, L., Rossi, M., Rubbia, A., Sabia, M.A., Salomone, P., Sandford, E., Sanfilippo, S., Santone, D., Santorelli, R., Savarese, C., Scapparone, E., Schillaci, G., Schuckman II, F.G., Scioli, G., Simeone, M., Skensved, P., Skorokhvatov, M.D., Smirnov, O., Smirnova, T., Smith, B., Spadoni, F., Spangenberg, M., Stefanizzi, R., Steri, A., Stornelli, V., Stracka, S., Stringer, M., Sulis, S., Sung, A., Suvorov, Y., Szelc, A.M., Tartaglia, R., Taylor, A., Taylor, J., Tedesco, S., Testera, G., Thieme, K., Thorpe, T.N., Tonazzo, A., Tricomi, A., Unzhakov, E.V., Vallivilayil John, T., Van Uffelen, M., Viant, T., Viel, S., Vogelaar, R.B., Vossebeld, J., Wada, M., Walczak, M.B., Wang, H., Wang, Y., Westerdale, S., Williams, L., Wingerter-Seez, I., Wojaczynski, R., Wojcik, Ma.M., Wright, T., Xie, Y., Yang, C., Zabihi, A., Zakhary, P., Zani, A., Zichichi, A., Zuzel, G., and Zykova, M.P.
Published: 2023
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45. Search for low-energy neutrinos from astrophysical sources with Borexino

Author: Agostini, M., Altenmüller, K., Appel, S., Atroshchenko, V., Bagdasarian, Z., Basilico, D., Bellini, G., Benziger, J., Bick, D., Bonfini, G., Bravo, D., Caccianiga, B., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Cappelli, L., Cavalcante, P., Cavanna, F., Chepurnov, A., Choi, K., D'Angelo, D., Davini, S., Derbin, A., Di Giacinto, A., Di Marcello, V., Ding, X. F., Di Ludovico, A., Di Noto, L., Drachnev, I., Formozov, A., Franco, D., Gabriele, F., Galbiati, C., Gschwender, M., Ghiano, C., Giammarchi, M., Goretti, A., Gromov, M., Guffanti, D., Hagner, C., Hungerford, E., Ianni, Aldo, Ianni, Andrea, Jany, A., Jeschke, D., Kumaran, S., Kobychev, V., Korga, G., Lachenmaier, T., Laubenstein, M., Litvinovich, E., Lombardi, P., Lomskaya, I., Ludhova, L., Lukyanchenko, G., Lukyanchenko, L., Machulin, I., Manuzio, G., Marcocci, S., Maricic, J., Martyn, J., Meroni, E., Meyer, M., Miramonti, L., Misiaszek, M., Muratova, V., Neumair, B., Nieslony, M., Oberauer, L., Orekhov, V., Ortica, F., Pallavicini, M., Papp, L., Penek, Ö., Pietrofaccia, L., Pilipenko, N., Pocar, A., Raikov, G., Ranalli, M. T., Ranucci, G., Razeto, A., Re, A., Redchuk, M., Romani, A., Rossi, N., Rottenanger, S., Schönert, S., Semenov, D., Skorokhvatov, M., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Thurn, J., Unzhakov, E., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., von Feilitzsch, F., Wojcik, M., Wurm, M., Zaimidoroga, O., Zavatarelli, S., Zuber, K., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: We report on searches for neutrinos and antineutrinos from astrophysical sources performed with the Borexino detector at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso in Italy. Electron antineutrinos ($\bar{\nu}_e$) are detected in an organic liquid scintillator through the inverse $\beta$-decay reaction. In the present work we set model-independent upper limits in the energy range 1.8-16.8 MeV on neutrino fluxes from unknown sources that improve our previous results, on average, by a factor 2.5. Using the same data set, we first obtain experimental constraints on the diffuse supernova $\bar{\nu}_e$ fluxes in the previously unexplored region below 8 MeV. A search for $\bar{\nu}_e$ in the solar neutrino flux is also presented: the presence of $\bar{\nu}_e$ would be a manifestation of a non-zero anomalous magnetic moment of the neutrino, making possible its conversion to antineutrinos in the strong magnetic field of the Sun. We obtain a limit for a solar $\bar{\nu}_e$ flux of 384 cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$ (90% C.L.), assuming an undistorted solar $^{8}$B neutrinos energy spectrum, that corresponds to a transition probability $p_{ \nu_e \rightarrow \bar\nu_{e}}<$ 7.2$\times$10$^{-5}$ (90% C.L.) for E$_{\bar {\nu}_e}$ $>$ 1.8 MeV. At lower energies, by investigating the spectral shape of elastic scattering events, we obtain a new limit on solar $^{7}$Be-$\nu_e$ conversion into $\bar{\nu}_e$ of $p_{ \nu_e \rightarrow \bar \nu_{e}}<$ 0.14 (90% C.L.) at 0.862 keV. Last, we investigate solar flares as possible neutrino sources and obtain the strongest up-to-date limits on the fluence of neutrinos of all flavor neutrino below 3-7 ,MeV. Assuming the neutrino flux to be proportional to the flare's intensity, we exclude an intense solar flare as the cause of the observed excess of events in run 117 of the Cl-Ar Homestake experiment., Comment: 18 pages, 8 figures, 4 tables, 73 references
Published: 2019

46. Comprehensive geoneutrino analysis with Borexino

Author: Agostini, M., Altenmüller, K., Appel, S., Atroshchenko, V., Bagdasarian, Z., Basilico, D., Bellini, G., Benziger, J., Bick, D., Bonfini, G., Bravo, D., Caccianiga, B., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Cappelli, L., Cavalcante, P., Cavanna, F., Chepurnov, A., Choi, K., D'Angelo, D., Davini, S., Derbin, A., Di Giacinto, A., Di Marcello, V., Ding, X. F., Di Ludovico, A., Di Noto, L., Drachnev, I., Fiorentini, G., Formozov, A., Franco, D., Gabriele, F., Galbiati, C., Gschwender, M., Ghiano, C., Giammarchi, M., Goretti, A., Gromov, M., Guffanti, D., Hagner, C., Hungerford, E., Ianni, Aldo, Ianni, Andrea, Jany, A., Jeschke, D., Kumaran, S., Kobychev, V., Korga, G., Lachenmaier, T., Lasserre, T., Laubenstein, M., Litvinovich, E., Lombardi, P., Lomskaya, I., Ludhova, L., Lukyanchenko, G., Lukyanchenko, L., Machulin, I., Mantovani, F., Manuzio, G., Marcocci, S., Maricic, J., Martyn, J., Meroni, E., Meyer, M., Miramonti, L., Misiaszek, M., Montuschi, M., Muratova, V., Neumair, B., Nieslony, M., Oberauer, L., Onillon, A., Orekhov, V., Ortica, F., Pallavicini, M., Papp, L., Penek, Ö., Pietrofaccia, L., Pilipenko, N., Pocar, A., Raikov, G., Ranalli, M. T., Ranucci, G., Razeto, A., Re, A., Redchuk, M., Ricci, B., Romani, A., Rossi, N., Rottenanger, S., Schönert, S., Semenov, D., Skorokhvatov, M., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Strati, V., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Thurn, J., Unzhakov, E., Vishneva, A., Vivier, M., Vogelaar, R. B., von Feilitzsch, F., Wojcik, M., Wurm, M., Zaimidoroga, O., Zavatarelli, S., Zuber, K., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Geophysics
Abstract: This paper presents a geoneutrino measurement using 3262.74 days of data taken with the Borexino detector at LNGS in Italy. By observing $52.6 ^{+9.4}_{-8.6} ({\rm stat}) ^{+2.7}_{-2.1}({\rm sys})$ geoneutrinos (68% interval) from $^{238}$U and $^{232}$Th, a signal of $47.0^{+8.4}_{-7.7}\,({\rm stat)}^{+2.4}_{-1.9}\,({\rm sys})$ TNU with $^{+18.3}_{-17.2}$% total precision was obtained. This result assumes the same Th/U mass ratio found in chondritic CI meteorites but compatible results were found when contributions from $^{238}$U and $^{232}$Th were fit as free parameters. Antineutrino background from reactors is fit unconstrained and found compatible with the expectations. The null-hypothesis of observing a signal from the mantle is excluded at a 99.0% C.L. when exploiting the knowledge of the local crust. Measured mantle signal of $21.2 ^{+9.6}_{-9.0} ({\rm stat})^{+1.1}_{-0.9} ({\rm sys})$ TNU corresponds to the production of a radiogenic heat of $24.6 ^{+11.1}_{-10.4}$ TW (68% interval) from $^{238}$U and $^{232}$Th in the mantle. Assuming 18% contribution of $^{40}$K in the mantle and $8.1^{+1.9}_{-1.4}$ TW of radiogenic heat of the lithosphere, the Borexino estimate of the total Earth radiogenic heat is $38.2 ^{+13.6}_{-12.7}$ TW, corresponding to a convective Urey ratio of 0.78$^{+0.41}_{-0.28}$. These values are compatible with different geological models, however there is a 2.4$\sigma$ tension with those which predict the lowest concentration of heat-producing elements. By fitting the data with a constraint on the reactor antineutrino background, the existence of a hypothetical georeactor at the center of the Earth having power greater than 2.4 TW at 95% C.L. is excluded. Particular attention is given to all analysis details, which should be of interest for the next generation geoneutrino measurements., Comment: 69 pages, 56 Figures (some composed of multiple files), 17 Tables, 135 References
Published: 2019
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47. Measurement of the ion fraction and mobility of $^{218}$Po produced in $^{222}$Rn decays in liquid argon

Author: Agnes, P., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Alexander, T., Alton, A. K., Ave, M., Back, H. O., Batignani, G., Biery, K., Bocci, V., Bonfini, G., Bonivento, W. M., Bottino, B., Bussino, S., Cadeddu, M., Cadoni, M., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Canci, N., Candela, A., Caravati, M., Cariello, M., Carlini, M., Carpinelli, M., Catalanotti, S., Cataudella, V., Cavalcante, P., Cavuoti, S., Chepurnov, A., Cicalo, C., Cocco, A. G., Covone, G., D'Angelo, D., Davini, S., De Candia, A., De Cecco, S., De Deo, M., De Filippis, G., De Rosa, G., Derbin, A. V., Devoto, A., Di Eusanio, F., D'Incecco, M., Di Pietro, G., Dionisi, C., Downing, M., D'Urso, D., Edkins, E., Empl, A., Fiorillo, G., Fomenko, K., Franco, D., Gabriele, F., Galbiati, C., Ghiano, C., Giagu, S., Giganti, C., Giovanetti, G. K., Gorchakov, O., Goretti, A. M., Granato, F., Grobov, A., Gromov, M., Guan, M., Guardincerri, Y., Gulino, M., Hackett, B. R., Herner, K., Hosseini, B., Hughes, D., Humble, P., Hungerford, E. V., Ianni, Al., Ianni, An., Ippolito, V., Johnson, T. N., Keeter, K., Kendziora, C. L., Kochanek, I., Koh, G., Korablev, D., Korga, G., Kubankin, A., Kuss, M., La Commara, M., Lai, M., Li, X., Lissia, M., Longo, G., Machado, A. A., Machulin, I. N., Mandarano, A., Mapelli, L., Mari, S. M., Maricic, J., Martoff, C. J., Messina, A., Meyers, P. D., Milincic, R., Monte, A., Morrocchi, M., Muratova, V. N., Musico, P., Agasson, A. Navrer, Nozdrina, A. O., Oleinik, A., Orsini, M., Ortica, F., Pagani, L., Pallavicini, M., Pandola, L., Pantic, E., Paoloni, E., Pelczar, K., Pelliccia, N., Picciau, E., Pocar, A., Pordes, S., Poudel, S. S., Qian, H., Ragusa, F., Razeti, M., Razeto, A., Renshaw, A. L., Rescigno, M., Riffard, Q., Romani, A., Rossi, B., Rossi, N., Sablone, D., Samoylov, O., Sands, W., Sanfilippo, S., Savarese, C., Schlitzer, B., Segreto, E., Semenov, D. A., Shchagin, A., Sheshukov, A., Singh, P. N., Skorokhvatov, M. D., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Stanford, C., Stracka, S., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Tonazzo, A., Trinchese, P., Unzhakov, E. V., Verducci, M., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., Wada, M., Waldrop, T. J., Wang, H., Wang, Y., Watson, A. W., Westerdale, S., Wojcik, M. M., Xiang, X., Xiao, X., Yang, C., Ye, Z., Zhu, C., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: We report measurements of the charged daughter fraction of $^{218}$Po as a result of the $^{222}$Rn alpha decay, and the mobility of $^{218}$Po$^+$ ions, using radon-polonium coincidences from the $^{238}$U chain identified in 532 live-days of DarkSide-50 WIMP-search data. The fraction of $^{218}$Po that is charged is found to be 0.37$\pm$0.03 and the mobility of $^{218}$Po$^+$ is (8.6$\pm$0.1)$\times$10$^{-4}$$\frac{\text{cm}^2}{\text{Vs}}$.
Published: 2019
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48. Constraints on Flavor-Diagonal Non-Standard Neutrino Interactions from Borexino Phase-II

Author: Agarwalla, S. K., Agostini, M., Altenmüller, K., Appel, S., Atroshchenko, V., Bagdasarian, Z., Basilico, D., Bellini, G., Benziger, J., Bick, D., Bonfini, G., Bravo, D., Caccianiga, B., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Cappelli, L., Cavalcante, P., Cavanna, F., Chepurnov, A., Choi, K., D'Angelo, D., Davini, S., Derbin, A., Di Giacinto, A., Di Marcello, V., Ding, X. F., Di Ludovico, A., Di Noto, L., Drachnev, I., Fomenko, K., Formozov, A., Franco, D., Gabriele, F., Galbiati, C., Gschwender, M., Ghiano, C., Giammarchi, M., Goretti, A., Gromov, M., Guffanti, D., Hagner, C., Hungerford, E., Ianni, Aldo, Ianni, Andrea, Jany, A., Jeschke, D., Kumaran, S., Kobychev, V., Korga, G., Lachenmaier, T., Laubenstein, M., Litvinovich, E., Lombardi, P., Ludhova, L., Lukyanchenko, G., Lukyanchenko, L., Machulin, I., Manuzio, G., Marcocci, S., Maricic, J., Martyn, J., Meroni, E., Meyer, M., Miramonti, L., Misiaszek, M., Muratova, V., Neumair, B., Nieslony, M., Oberauer, L., Orekhov, V., Ortica, F., Pallavicini, M., Papp, L., Penek, Ö., Pietrofaccia, L., Pilipenko, N., Pocar, A., Raikov, G., Ranucci, G., Razeto, A., Re, A., Redchuk, M., Romani, A., Rossi, N., Rottenanger, S., Schönert, S., Semenov, D., Skorokhvatov, M., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Sun, C., Suvorov, Y., Takeuchi, T., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Thurn, J., Unzhakov, E., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., von Feilitzsch, F., Wojcik, M., Wurm, M., Zaimidoroga, O., Zavatarelli, S., Zuber, K., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The Borexino detector measures solar neutrino fluxes via neutrino-electron elastic scattering. Observed spectra are determined by the solar-$\nu_{e}$ survival probability $P_{ee}(E)$, and the chiral couplings of the neutrino and electron. Some theories of physics beyond the Standard Model postulate the existence of Non-Standard Interactions (NSI's) which modify the chiral couplings and $P_{ee}(E)$. In this paper, we search for such NSI's, in particular, flavor-diagonal neutral current interactions that modify the $\nu_e e$ and $\nu_\tau e$ couplings using Borexino Phase II data. Standard Solar Model predictions of the solar neutrino fluxes for both high- and low-metallicity assumptions are considered. No indication of new physics is found at the level of sensitivity of the detector and constraints on the parameters of the NSI's are placed. In addition, with the same dataset the value of $\sin^2\theta_W$ is obtained with a precision comparable to that achieved in reactor antineutrino experiments., Comment: 28 pages, 7 figures. Slight modifications in the title, abstract, and conclusion. Few references added. Text expanded for clarity. Accepted in JHEP
Published: 2019
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49. Borexino’s search for low-energy neutrinos associated with gravitational wave events from GWTC-3 database: Borexino Collaboration

Author: Basilico, D., Bellini, G., Benziger, J., Biondi, R., Caccianiga, B., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Chepurnov, A., D’Angelo, D., Derbin, A., Di Giacinto, A., Di Marcello, V., Ding, X. F., Di Ludovico, A., Di Noto, L., Drachnev, I., Franco, D., Galbiati, C., Ghiano, C., Giammarchi, M., Goretti, A., Gromov, M., Guffanti, D., Ianni, Aldo, Ianni, Andrea, Jany, A., Kobychev, V., Korga, G., Kumaran, S., Laubenstein, M., Litvinovich, E., Lombardi, P., Lomskaya, I., Ludhova, L., Machulin, I., Martyn, J., Meroni, E., Miramonti, L., Misiaszek, M., Muratova, V., Nugmanov, R., Oberauer, L., Orekhov, V., Ortica, F., Pallavicini, M., Pelicci, L., Penek, Ö., Pietrofaccia, L., Pilipenko, N., Pocar, A., Raikov, G., Ranalli, M. T., Ranucci, G., Re, A., Rossi, N., Schönert, S., Semenov, D., Settanta, G., Skorokhvatov, M., Singhal, A., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Unzhakov, E., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., von Feilitzsch, F., Wojcik, M., Wurm, M., Zavatarelli, S., Zuber, K., and Zuzel, G.
Published: 2023
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50. Independent determination of the Earth’s orbital parameters with solar neutrinos in Borexino

Author: Appel, S., Bagdasarian, Z., Basilico, D., Bellini, G., Benziger, J., Biondi, R., Caccianiga, B., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Chepurnov, A., D’Angelo, D., Derbin, A., Di Giacinto, A., Di Marcello, V., Ding, X.F., Di Ludovico, A., Di Noto, L., Drachnev, I., Franco, D., Galbiati, C., Ghiano, C., Giammarchi, M., Goretti, A., Göttel, A.S., Gromov, M., Guffanti, D., Ianni, Aldo, Ianni, Andrea, Jany, A., Kobychev, V., Korga, G., Kumaran, S., Laubenstein, M., Litvinovich, E., Lombardi, P., Lomskaya, I., Ludhova, L., Lukyanchenko, G., Machulin, I., Martyn, J., Meroni, E., Miramonti, L., Misiaszek, M., Muratova, V., Nugmanov, R., Oberauer, L., Orekhov, V., Ortica, F., Pallavicini, M., Pelicci, L., Penek, Ö., Pietrofaccia, L., Pilipenko, N., Pocar, A., Raikov, G., Ranalli, M.T., Ranucci, G., Razeto, A., Re, A., Redchuk, M., Rossi, N., Schönert, S., Semenov, D., Settanta, G., Skorokhvatov, M., Singhal, A., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Unzhakov, E., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R.B., von Feilitzsch, F., Wojcik, M., Wurm, M., Zavatarelli, S., Zuber, K., and Zuzel, G.
Published: 2023
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