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Intestinal microbiota is thought to play an important role in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) after liver transplantation (LT). Rifaximin, a nonabsorbable antibiotic used to treat encephalopathy, exhibits antibacterial activity within the gut. We report the first study examining the impact of pre-LT rifaximin use on reducing hepatic IRI and inflammatory cell infiltration after LT. This retrospective single-center study included adult LT recipients from January 2013 through June 2016. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on duration of rifaximin use before LT: rifaximin group (≥28 days) and control group (none or

BackgroundKidney delayed graft function (kDGF) remains a challenging problem following simultaneous liver and kidney transplantation (SLKT) with a reported incidence up to 40%. Given the scarcity of renal allografts, it is crucial to minimize the development of kDGF among SLKT recipients to improve patient and graft outcomes. We sought to assess the role of preoperative recipient and donor/graft factors on developing kDGF among recipients of SLKT.MethodsA retrospective review of 194 patients who received SLKT in the period from January 2004 to March 2017 in a single center was performed to assess the effect of preoperative factors on the development of kDGF.ResultsKidney delayed graft function was observed in 95 patients (49%). Multivariate analysis revealed that donor history of hypertension, cold static preservation of kidney grafts [versus using hypothermic pulsatile machine perfusion (HPMP)], donor final creatinine, physiologic MELD, and duration of delay of kidney transplantation after liver transplantation were significant independent predictors for kDGF. kDGF is associated with worse graft function and patient and graft survival.ConclusionsKidney delayed graft function has detrimental effects on graft function and graft survival. Understanding the risks and combining careful perioperative patient management, proper recipient selection and donor matching, and graft preservation using HPMP would decrease kDGF among SLKT recipients.

Background: Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy (ELC) in the setting of acute calculous cholecystitis (ACC) requires to be performed by highly-skilled surgeons to avoid complications. The purpose of this study is to identify preoperative factors that would predict difficult ELC among patients with ACC prior to proceeding with surgery. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all patients who received ELC within 10 days from the onset of symptoms of ACC between August 1, 2018, and December 31, 2022. They were divided into 2 groups according to the difficulty of surgery. Results: 149 patients with ACC received ELC during the study period. ELC was considered difficult in 52 patients (35%). Five preoperative factors were identified as significant predictors of difficult ELC (DELC) on multivariate analysis: duration of acute attack ≥ 4 days from the onset of symptoms till surgery (OR 34.4, P < 0.001), ultrasound showing largest gallstone size > 20 mm (OR 20.2, P = 0.029), ultrasound showing gallstone impaction in Hartmann's pouch (OR 7.2, P = 0.017), history of prior episode(s) of acute attack (OR 6.8, P = 0.048), and diabetes mellitus (OR 5.8, P = 0.046). Conclusion: Careful preoperative assessment of patients with ACC is crucial among junior surgeons with limited surgical expertise prior to proceeding with ELC to identify those at risk of DELC to potentially reduce postoperative morbidity and mortality. If encountered, a management plan should be made, and surgery should proceed only upon confirming the availability of experienced surgeons in the field of biliary and laparoscopic surgery to supervise or assist in the procedure. Alternatively, such group of patients should rather be transferred to more advanced surgical centers which offer higher level of care to maintain patient safety and optimal surgical outcomes. More importantly, bail-out procedures should always be resorted to whenever DELC is encountered intraoperatively to prevent further surgical damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bovine dictycaulosis is a serious disease in ruminants caused by lungworm Dictyocaulus viviparus with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. The infection is closely related to pasture contamination with the infective larvae. A cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2020 to June 2021 to detect the prevalence of bovine dictyocaulosis in two animal-rearing stations in Assiut, Upper Egypt with risk factor analysis. Also, the role of filth flies in the transmission of infective larvae was investigated. A total of 251 animals (143 cattle and 108 buffaloes) were examined using the modified Baermann technique and postmortem examination. Multiple fly pools were also collected and examined for the detection of Dictyocaulus larvae in different seasons microscopically and by PCR techniques. The overall prevalence of D. viviparus infection in cattle and buffaloes was 20.98% and 52.78%, respectively. The infection was significantly higher in the young aged and symptomatic animals (96.7%). Most lungworm infection was recorded during autumn, spring, and winter seasons, respectively. Coprological examination coincides with microscopic examination of fly wash regarding the prevalence and the seasonal variation. Musca domestica, Borborillus vitripennis, Fannia canicularis, and Sepsis punctum were the most abundant fly species and showed the highest rates of infection. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of an outbreak of bovine dictycauolosis in Upper Egypt. The obtained results proved the role of filth flies in the transmission of D. viviparus larvae during the outbreak. Control programs for bovine dictyocaulosis should include the control of filth flies around the rearing places. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Approximately 26% of all cancers in women are breast cancers, making it the most prevalent cancer among women. Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality, behind lung cancer, with 40 000 women dying from it each year. Tumescent dissection or hydrodissection (HD) is a technique that uses a crystalloid solution together with a local anesthetic and epinephrine to produce a subcutaneous and prepectoral plane throughout mastectomy. This research compared this approach with electrocautery mastectomy to assess postoperative complications and surgical results. Patients and methods The study involved 60 female breast cancer patients, who were hospitalized to the Surgical Oncology Unit at Alexandria Main University Hospital and who were advised to have a nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) between June 2020 and June 2022. Randomization was used to assign patients to group A or group B. Group A patients underwent NSM using the tumescent technique and group B patients had standard electrocautery-assisted mastectomies. Results Sixty NSM procedures were performed (30 patients in the HD group and 30 in the electrocautery group). The demographics of the patients in both groups were fairly the same. HD required less time during surgery than a normal mastectomy. We also discovered that the tumescent group experienced significantly less intraoperative bleeding than the electrocautery group. In terms of the average amount of fluid that exits the drain each day, we discovered that there was a much lower amount of fluid in the tumescent group compared with the electrocautery group. The overall rate of complications was 25%; in the tumescent group, there were seven (23.3%) complications and in the electrocautery group, there were eight (26.67%) complications. Conclusions The tumescent technique may give a safe alternative to the electrocautery technique, allowing for simpler tissue dissection without direct heat harm. It considerably reduces the operating time and the time required for skin flap lifting, as well as the quantity of intraoperative hemorrhage and seroma in the drain postoperatively, resulting in early drain removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose The optimal timing of early laparoscopic cholecystectomy (ELC) from the onset of acute calculous cholecystitis (ACC) attack remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes of ELC within 72h from the onset of symptoms versus that performed after 72h and up to 10 days from the onset of symptoms. Patients and methods We performed a retrospective analysis for patients who received LC for ACC between August 1, 2018, and December 31, 2021. We compared patients who received very ELC within 72h versus those who received ELC between 4 and 10 days from the onset of symptoms in terms of bailout procedure, postoperative complications, and postoperative hospital stay. Results We analyzed 90 patients, with 45 patients per group. There was no significant difference between ELC and very ELC groups regarding subtotal cholecystectomy (11 vs. 2.2%, P=0.2), conversion to open surgery (9 vs. 2.2%, P=0.36), postoperative bile leak (6.7 vs. 2.2%, P=0.62), and the length of postoperative hospital stay (24h, P=0.12). Conclusion ELC is safe to perform for patients with ACC presenting beyond 3 days from the onset of symptoms, with no significant increased morbidity, provided that it is performed by well-experienced surgeons in well-equipped medical centers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phytonematodes are one of the most important pathogens of cereal crops, especially maize (corn). The current study aimed to conduct a survey of phytonematodes associated with the rhizosphere of some dominant cultivars of maize (Zea mays L.) in clay and sandy soils in different geographical areas (Sohag and Behaira Governorates). Data revealed a significant difference between nematode population density and soil type between clay and sandy. As well as, the differentiation of maize cultivars in their ability to reproduce nematodes. Also, results showed the spread of six genera of nematodes in the rhizosphere of the maize plants in sandy soil, which belong to three families; Helicotylenchus, Heterodera, Hoplolaimus, Meloidogyne and Tylenchorhynchus. While only three of them appeared in the clay soil; Heterodera, Paratylenchus and Tylenchorhynchus. In addition, the Pioneer cultivar recorded the highest population density of nematodes (427) in the clay soil, followed by the Triple hybrid cultivar and then the cultivar of Hybrid 131(425). While in sandy soils, the Hi-tech cultivar achieved the highest population density (742) compared to the same cultivar in clay soil (471). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Egyptian Journal of Agronematology is the property of Egyptian Society for Agronematology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Egyptian Journal of Agronematology is the property of Egyptian Society for Agronematology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Effect of root-knot nematode Meloidogyne arenaria was studied on common dry bean plants under natural infestation in the field at two different seasons of planting. In the first season, bean was grown in Autumn, 2012 while, the second season in early Spring, 2013. For the first season, the relation between nematode initial population density and bean yield was significantly negative (r = -0.6). A significant reduction in bean yield (P = 0.05) was obtained when nematode density was more than 100 J2/200 g soil. While, damage threshold level (DT); nematode density at which yield begin to decrease; was estimated by 3 J2/200 g soil. For the second season, no significant relation (P = 0.05) between nematode population density and bean yield was found (r = 0.33). DT was estimated as 22 J2/200 g soil. Total protein and nitrogen element decreased in seeds of infected plants compared with those of healthy ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thirteen genera of plant parasitic nematodes associated with rapeseed, peanut, soybean and sunflower oil crops were recovered from ten governorates in Egypt during the 2000-2003 growing seasons. Helicotylenchus, Hoplolaimus, Meloidogyne, and Pratylenchus were found occurring with high population densities, frequency of occurrence and prominence values. Other nematode genera as Criconemoides, Heterodera, Hemicycliophora, Longidorus and Rotylenchulus differed in the previous parameters in the different surveyed localities. Most of the surveyed peanut and sunflower fields had populations of over 200 individuals of Meloidogyne spp., the main pest of these crops, per 200 g soil. Identification of Meloidogyne spp., indicated that only Meloidogyne javanica was the dominant species from all peanut root samples collected from three Governorates in Egypt. The differences in nematode parameters in different surveyed localities are discussed here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Plant Protection Research is the property of Institute of Plant Protection and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Loss in yield of broad bean grown in sandy soil naturally infested with root-knot nematode Meloidogyne arenaria was estimated during two successive seasons. Severity of nematode infestation (damage) was assayed at harvest stage as root-gall indices (GI) based on scale of 1-6 (1= no infection and 6= 100% root galling). In the first season (2014-2015) relationship between nematode damage and yield of broad bean was negative, however no significant reduction in growth and yield (p= 0.05) was obtained at all nematode root gall indices. Correlation coefficient between nematode damage and yield was low, 0.38 in case of pod yield and 0.40 in case of dry seeds. In second season (2015-2016), both pods and dry seeds yield were significantly reduced by 10.6% and 15.2%, respectively at severe infestation (GI=6). Also correlation coefficient between nematode and yield was 0.92 in case of nematode-pod yield and 0.91 in case of nematode-seed yield. Seed contents viz., proteins, carbohydrates, zinc and copper decreased at severe infestation in the second season, while in the first season quality of seeds was not affected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here we describe a novel approach to isolate proteins involved in insect hemolymph coagulation. In order to avoid problems in purifying clot proteins after they had been crosslinked, we performed an in vitro coagulation reaction with cell-free hemolymph from the lepidopteran Galleria mellonella and used the resulting complexes to produce a specific antiserum. The antiserum reacted with a subset of hemolymph proteins as well as with granular cells, but not with other hemocyte types of Galleria. Screening expression libraries identified some positive clones, which turned out to code for some previously characterized components of immune cascades, as well as some novel candidates for clotting factors. Known components include members of both the coagulation system and the prophenol-activating cascade, lending support to the idea that both systems work together during the formation of a hemolymph clot. Novel candidates for insect clotting factors include a mucin-like protein, a glutathione-S-transferase, and a distant member of the alpha-crystallin/small heat shock protein family. Using assays measuring the activity of transglutaminase, a key enzyme in clotting reactions in both vertebrates and invertebrates, we found a partial overlap between transglutaminase substrates and proteins recognized by the antiserum against the in vitro-induced clot.

Bombyxin F1 gene, a new bombyxin family gene, has been identified. The F1 gene forms a pair with bombyxin B10 gene with an opposite transcriptional orientation and the gene pair F1/B10 is located between bombyxin gene pairs B9/C1 and A7/B7 in a bombyxin gene cluster. The nucleotide sequence of the F1 gene and its deduced amino acid sequence deviate moderately from those characterized previously for the family-A, family-B, family-C, family-D, and family-E bombyxin genes; the bombyxin F1 gene and preprobombyxin F1 share no more than 62% and 53% sequence identities with other bombyxin members, respectively. Harr-plot analysis indicated that the spacer of the F1/B10 gene pair has low sequence similarity with that of other bombyxin gene pairs characterized. The bombyxin F1 mRNA in Bombyx mori brain was shown to locate in four pairs of medial neurosecretory cells, which also produce other bombyxin family mRNAs. Genomic Southern hybridization indicated that the Bombyx haploid genome contains a single copy of the family-F bombyxin gene.