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Automotive trends and the strategies of automotive OEMs (Original Equipment Manufacturers) indicate that advanced and fully autonomous vehicles will appear in the market soon. In parallel with these progresses, customers’ needs and expectations for automotive parts will evolve accordingly. Particularly, since the seat is in physical contact with the user, it requires major improvements by employing novel functions to meet these evolved needs and expectations. This study addresses these novel front seat functions and provides a real case of development of an innovative front seat for autonomous driving. In this study, initially, new design ideas were generated regarding the front seats to meet changing customer needs. Generated ideas were evaluated through the QFD methodology. And, in line with these selected ideas, the style design, CAD design, and finite element analysis and testing activities were carried out. As a result of this study, an innovative front seat for autonomous driving has been developed, by taking the evolved customer expectations into account, and by verifying the design through finite element analysis and tests. Consequently, evolving customer needs for front seat by autonomous driving are assessed and a real innovative product development case is presented in this study. Future work can address other relevant interior parts of the automotive as to be appropriate for autonomous driving., Otomotiv trendleri ve Orijinal Ürün Üreticileri (OEM-Original Equipment Manufacturer) stratejileri, ileri ve tam otonom araçların hızla piyasaya gireceğini göstermektedir. Bu gelişmelere paralel olarak, otomotiv parçaları için de müşterilerin ihtiyaç ve beklentileri değişecektir. Özellikle, koltukların kullanıcı ile fiziksel temas halinde olmasından dolayı, değişen müşteri ihtiyaçları ve beklentilerini karşılayabilmek için, yeni fonksiyonlar eklenilerek önemli derecede iyileştirilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışma ile otonom sürüşe uygun yenilikçi otomotiv ön koltuğu geliştirilmiştir. Bu çalışma, yeni ön koltuk fonksiyonlarını ele almakta ve otonom sürüşe uygun yenilikçi ön koltuk geliştirme vakası sunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, ilk olarak, ön koltuklar üzerinde değişen müşteri ihtiyaçlarını karşılayabilecek yeni tasarım fikirleri ortaya koyulmuş, Kalite Fonksiyon Göçerimi (QFD-Quality Function Deployment) metodolojisi ile değerlendirilmiş, belirlenen fikirler doğrultusunda stil tasarım, bilgisayar destekli tasarım, sonlu elemanlar analizi ve test faaliyetleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, müşteri beklentilerini karşılayan, tasarımı sonlu elemanlar analizi ve testler ile doğrulanmış, otonom sürüş için yenilikçi bir ön koltuk geliştirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, otonom sürüş ile birlikte değişen müşteri ihtiyaçları değerlendirilmiş ve gerçek bir yenilikçi ürün geliştirme vakası sunulmuştur. Gelecek çalışmalar, otonom sürüşe uygun olacak şekilde otomotivin diğer iç aksamlarını konu edinebilir.

İş dünyasında Ar-Ge ve inovasyon çıktılarının önemi her geçen artmaktadır. Ar-Ge ve inovasyon faaliyetlerinin teknoloji ve strateji ile uyumu sürdürülebilir başarının önemli güvencelerinden biridir. Bu aşamada Ar-Ge ve inovasyon faaliyetlerini yönlendiren ve yaygın bir şekilde kullanılan teknoloji yol haritaları ilk akla gelmektedir. Teknoloji yol haritaları, teknoloji gelişimi ve değişimini ilgili diğer katmanlarla (ürünler, hizmetler, pazar vb.) ilişkilendiren ve karar vermeye yardımcı olan araçlardır. Geçerli bir teknoloji yol haritası elde edebilmek için ögeler arası ilişkilerin doğru tanımlanması gerekir. Bu çalışma teknoloji yol haritası ögeleri arasındaki ilişkiler için bir infografik önermektedir. Öge ikililerinin ilişki derecesi ve ilişkilerin önem derecesi aralıklı tip-2 bulanık sistemler (IT2FS) kullanılarak değerlendirilmektedir. Bu değerlendirme sonuçlarını kullanarak oluşturulan infografik ile teknoloji yol haritaları zenginleştirilmektedir. Önerilen sürecin daha iyi anlaşılması için üç boyutlu (3D) yazıcı teknolojileri uygulama örneği sunulmuştur. Bu şekilde zenginleştirilmiş teknoloji yol haritalarının özellikle büyük ölçekli sistemlerde strateji oluşturma sürecine ve teknoloji yönetim faaliyetlerine katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

It is important to recognize that the dynamics of each country are different. Therefore, the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic necessitates each country to act locally, but keep thinking globally. Governments have a responsibility to manage their limited resources optimally while struggling with this pandemic. Managing the trade-offs regarding these dynamics requires some sophisticated models. ``Agent-based simulation'' is a powerful tool to create such kind of models. Correspondingly, this study addresses the spread of COVID-19 employing an interaction-oriented multi-agent SIR (Susceptible-Infected-Recovered) model. This model is based on the scale-free networks (incorporating \(10,000\) nodes) and it runs some experimental scenarios to analyze the main effects and the interactions of ``average-node-degree'', ``initial-outbreak-size'', ``spread-chance'', ``recovery-chance'', and ``gain-resistance'' factors on ``average-duration (of the pandemic last)'', ``average-percentage of infected'', ``maximum-percentage of infected'', and ``the expected peak-time''. Obtained results from this work can assist determining the correct tactical responses of partial lockdown.

Single intravenous bolus administration and postoperative or perioperative infusions are the most preferred methods of ketamine. Nevertheless, there is no clear explanation on the ideal ketamine administration method. In this study, we aimed to compare the effects of the most common ketamine administration methods and administration time on postoperative opioid consumption.Fifty-two patients undergoing colectomy for colon cancer were randomly assigned into four groups. Group 1 was the control group. Group 2 received only a single intravenous bolus dose of 0.5 mg kg(-1) ketamine at induction. Group 3 received 0.5 mg kg(-1) intravenous ketamine bolus at induction and perioperative ketamine infusion at a rate of 0.25 mg kg(-1) h(-1). Group 4 received a bolus of 0.5 mg kg(-1) intravenous ketamine at induction and perioperative and postoperative ketamine infusion at a rate of 0.25 mg kg(-1) h(-1). Postoperatively, visual analogue scale pain scores, side effects, and morphine consumption were recorded.There was no statistically significant difference in postoperative pain scores. Total morphine consumption was found to be significantly lower in Group 4 compared to the other groups (p=0.03, p=0.004, p=0.03, respectively). During the 1(st), 2(nd), and 4(th) hours in the postoperative period, patient-controlled analgesia morphine consumption was significantly lower in Group 4 compared to the control group (p0.01).Preoperative single-bolus dose or intraoperative low-dose ketamine infusion does not decrease postoperative morphine consumption; however, per- and postoperative 48-hour ketamine infusion has a significant effect in decreasing morphine consumption without decreasing the incidence of side effects in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery.

WOS: 000368953700003, Quality function deployment (QFD) is one of the most powerful methodologies in new product development (NPD) because of its systematic support of knowledge creation and sharing. However, greater product complexity, increasing dynamic customer requirements and further decentralization of innovation teams undermine applicability of QFD in modern NPD. Modifying QFD methodology with a multi-issue negotiation mechanism promises to overcome these obstacles because this negotiation-based structure (i) enables QFD to define a large number of interdependent decision parameters while handling complicated design trade-offs, (ii) includes changing customer requirements in real-time rather than a cycle time determined by length of the product development process, (iii) allows decentralized NPD teams to negotiate with each other and customers concurrently. This study presents a multi-issue negotiation based QFD methodology by using a recently developed mechanism for multi-issue negotiation (namely, Modified Even-Swaps) and illustrates strengths and weaknesses along with practical insights with a case study of the development of a washing machine. The QFD methodology proposed in this study provides new options to assess new product alternatives by allowing customer co-creation which is essential in complex and often tacit-knowledge dependent comparisons and also intrinsically helpful for fine-tuning dynamically evolving customer requirements. Moreover, it supports competition-based interactions of decentralized NPD teams. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved., Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [BIDEB 2214/A]; Scientific Research Projects Governing Unit (BAPYB) of Gaziantep University, The authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments, suggestions and corrections, which greatly improved the quality of the paper. The author from TU Bursa would like to acknowledge the international research fellowship provided by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK: BIDEB 2214/A). The author from Gaziantep University would like to acknowledge the financial support provided by Scientific Research Projects Governing Unit (BAPYB) of Gaziantep University.

Although being an innovator has some merits, being an imitator has its own merits as well. Staying competitive therefore requires consideration of imovation—both innovation and imitation simultaneously. An imovator should play role of offensive imovator (near to being pure innovator) when innovation is worthwhile. In case of otherwise, being a defensive imovator (near to being early imitator) can be compatible strategy. How to decide and when to be offensive/defensive greatly depends on innovation potentials of industries assessed by consideration of both their technological and market conditions. This chapter introduces a unique framework called as quick innovation intelligence process for assessment of innovation potential. It makes use of databases of patent and publication and some marketing indicators/determinants in order to take technological and market conditions into account. The framework uses interval type-2 fuzzy sets and systems (IT2FSSs) and a data-fusion methodology to combine above-mentioned databases in order to infer about innovation potential. An imovator can be aware of which strategy is well suited and can go through calculations about when innovation is worthwhile by taking likelihood of being imitated into account as well through the presented assessment process. For that reason, the process presented in this chapter can contribute to solution of the imovator’s dilemma.

Technological innovation innovation process starts with technical discovery of new things or new ways of doing things, i.e., invention. With the commercialization of invention, the term, innovation, takes place instead of invention. The process ends with (duplicative and/or creative) imitation by competitors. it is expected that maximum profits can be achieved in the time interval from commercialization of invention to its imitation because of monopoly power. Therefore, assessing the emergence of invention in accordance with ability for commercialization and resistance for imitation can generate winning innovation intelligence. Besides, for achieving sustainability, disruptive technologies should also be taken into account through evaluation of trendiness of candidate technologies. This study presents a novel assessment process that aims to evaluate and prioritize candidate technologies according to their innovation potentials by considering commercialization, imitation and trendiness factors all together. According to authors' best knowledge, the technology assessment process presented in this study is the first attempt in the literature that is dedicated to winning innovation intelligence and takes above mentioned factors together into account. Main input resources of the process are patents, scientific publications and market research reports. While trendiness of technologies is evaluated with the help of a fuzzy inference system that combines patent data and publication data, commercial and imitation potentials are evaluated with the help of some marketing indicators and determinants in the proposed assessment process. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Authorizing can be described as an endogenous system signal that determines whether a job release is allowed or not. Whereas job releases are scheduled in push systems, they are authorized in pull systems since pull-type manufacturing systems are controlled by downstream information. Traditionally, process planning and authorizing are regarded as separate tasks performed sequentially, where authorizing is implemented after process plans have been generated. In view of the fact that their functions are usually complementary, higher productivity and responsiveness can be achieved when they are integrated. Although the studies related with integrated process planning & scheduling (IPPS) are increasingly popular, according to our best knowledge, there is no study researching the integration of process planning and authorizing. This study aims to call attention to the integration of process planning and authorizing through presenting a novel model that is called integrated process planning & authorizing (IPPA). Primary implementation results of IPPA demonstrate that making the integration and hence gaining advantage through integration are pertinent. SMEs can especially get in favour of IPPA because of its slight dependence on (professional) software support.

"Even-Swaps" is a well-known and easy-to-use trade-off methodology which provides several useful features to decision makers. It allows them to find the difference among alternatives in terms of any issue under consideration. In a typical negotiation environment, allocating these differences in terms of a bargainable issue can help the negotiators to clarify the agreement area for each alternative. This allocation can contribute to make bargaining decisions more rationally. However, this feature could not be used in the original version of the Even-Swaps method because of its rigid structure that tries to reveal only the best alternative. The original Even-Swaps method also provides several hypothetical questions to decision makers while performing issue trade-offs. It is believed that the original Even-Swaps method can be improved upon (adapted) by forwarding the hypothetical questions to sellers and by developing a modified/flexible structure which considers all bargainable alternatives. With these modifications are successfully realized, an agent can generate counter offers and interact with sellers for bargaining by means of an appropriate automated-negotiation mechanism. The development of an automated & multi-issue negotiation-mechanism for bargaining also presents unique opportunities for the re-evolution of consumers into customers while contributing to the buyer-seller interactions. In this study, we present a novel multi-issue negotiation mechanism which adapts a modified Even-Swaps method that finds the differences among alternatives and makes use of those differences to assess the value of multi-issue offers. It uses a fuzzy inference system for bargaining on several issues simultaneously. In order to accomplish the steps of the proposed mechanism, a supplementary semi-automated decision-aid tool, so called: "Modified Even-Swaps Agent (MESA)" is developed. A real case-study is presented step by step in order to demonstrate how the proposed mechanism works. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.