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Early detection, warning, and reporting (DWR) of a CBRN incident are paramount in order to safeguard the life and health of the personnel and to sustain operational capability. The ability to rapidly detect, warn, and report such incidents equates to faster response times, reduced hazard exposure, and more efficient use of limited resources. It is hypothesized that fusion of CBRN sensor information at the tactical level will lead to earlier and more accurate detection, warning, and reporting of a CBRN incident than is the case with today’s DWR system. Integration of CBRN sensors in tactical networks could therefore be a triggering factor for significant improvement in operational performance with respect to response times and accuracy. The purpose of the project is to test the hypothesis that fusion of CBRN sensor information will lead to earlier and more accurate detection, warning, and reporting of a CBRN incident that has occurred.

International audience; On assiste depuis 2002, en France, à une réorganisation du secteur de la santé pourune meilleure coordination et une qualité de la prise en charge des usagers. Dans ce contexte,on demande aux professionnels d’organiser, de mettre en œuvre et d’évaluer une démarche éthique. Celle-ci devient alors un objet d’évaluation requis par la procédure de certification de la HAS et les évaluations externes des établissements médicosociaux de l’ANESM. L’éthique devient obligatoire et on lui applique la logique de la démarche qualité. Cela est-il compatible avec les exigences d’une réflexion éthique ? Comme la démarche qualité impose des impératifs de rationalisation pour une meilleure efficience de l’organisation, la démarche éthique nerisque-t-elle pas d’être réduite à une simple variable d’ajustement conduisant à la mise en œuvre de recommandations ou d’avis certifiés éthiques ? Nous proposons ici de questionner cette démarche en identifiant deux dimensions de l’éthique rétives à toute institutionnalisation : l’exigence de pensée et l’éthique du soin; The French health care system has undergone dramatic changes since 2002, with the aim of better coordination of patient management and higher quality of care. In this context, health professionals have been encouraged to design, implement and evaluate ethical practices. Ethical issues have become a major concern and a prerequisite to obtain certification by the national health authorities (Haute Autorité de santé [HAS]) or approval by the national medicosocial board (Agence nationale d’évaluation sociale et médicosociale [ANESM]). Actually, ethics has become compulsory and subject to quality control. The question that arises is whether this is consistent with the principles of ethical reflexion. Quality control imposes an obligation to rationalize patient management in order to improve the efficiency of care. The risk is that ethics may become a mere adjustment parameter and not an essential element in the elaboration and implementation of ethic-certified recommendations. We propose to examine this issue from two different, and rather anti-institutional, perspectives: high-standard thinking and ethics of care

This interlaboratory study evaluated the reproducibility of the assessments of neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs)-the hallmark lesions of Alzheimer disease-and compared the staining between the BrainNet Europe centers. To reduce the topography-related inconsistencies in assessments, we used a 2-mm tissue microarray (TMA) technique. The TMA block included 42 core samples taken from 21 paraffin blocks. The assessments were done on Bielschowsky and Gallyas silver stains using an immunohistochemical (IHC) method with antibodies directed to beta-amyloid (IHC/Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau (IHC/HPtau). The staining quality and the assessments differed between the participants, being most diverse with Bielschowsky (good/acceptable stain in 53% of centers) followed by Gallyas (good/acceptable stain in 57%) and IHC/Aβ (good/acceptable stain in 71%). The most uniform staining quality and assessment was obtained with the IHC/HPtau method (good/acceptable stain in 94% of centers). The neuropathologic diagnostic protocol (Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer Disease, Braak and Braak, and the National Institute of Aging and Reagan [NIA-Reagan] Institute) that was used significantly influenced the agreement, being highest with NIA-Reagan (54%) recommendations. This agreement was improved by visualization of NFTs using the IHC/HPtau method. Therefore, the IHC/HPtau methodology to visualize NFTs and neuropil threads should be considered as a method of choice in a future diagnostic protocol for Alzheimer disease. Copyright © 2006 by the American Association of Neuropathologists, Inc.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most frequent motor neuron disease. Although it is a clinically well defined disease, its etiology remains unknown. Among, various hypotheses, the putative role of enteroviruses has been recently suggested by the detection of enteroviral sequences in neurons of spinal cord samples from ALS patients. However, there is a lack of consensus on the role of EV in ALS. In the present paper, we summerized the pathogenic role of these viruses, analyzed the discrepancy between different studies and speculated on the possible role of enteroviruses in ALS.