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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), first described by Stein and Leventhal in 1935, is one of the most prevalent endocrine system conditions affecting women of reproductive age. It affects between 6% and 13% of women and the majority of cases are identified between the ages of 20 and 30. Unfortunately, the disease is usually diagnosed only when bothersome symptoms such as hair loss, alopecia, acne, and infertility-related problems occur. Based on the Rotterdam criteria, four phenotypes of PCOS are distinguished. Aim of the study This review aims to present the current state of knowledge about possible treatment approaches, both non-pharmacological and pharmacological. Materials and methods The paper was created based on the Pubmed database. The literature was reviewed using the keywords: "PCOS", "PCOS treatment" and "PCOS medications ". The current state of knowledge Treatments for PCOS must be tailored to the specific needs of each patient. In the management of PCOS, special attention is paid to diet, physical activity, and restoration of the Gut Microbiome. Medications used in therapy are oral contraceptives and anti-androgens, insulin sensitizers, ovulation inducers, calcium and vitamin D supplements, statins, Glucagonlike-peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists, inositols and interleukin 22 (IL-22) therapy. Summary Treatment options for menstrual irregularities and hirsutism are based on the clinical goals and preferences of the patient. The ideal would be causal treatment, but due to the ongoing lack of full understanding of the pathogenesis of the syndrome, is not entirely feasible. The ideal would be causal treatment, but due to the ongoing lack of full understanding of the pathogenesis of the syndrome, is not entirely feasible. The most important is a multimodal approach to treat comorbid conditions such as diabetes mellitus type 2, obesity, hyperlipidemia, depression, and infertility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and aim. Computed tomography (CT) is the first imaging modality in the evaluation of children in case of patients with head injury in pediatric Emergency Departments (EDs). Radiological CT reports include not only lesions that are the main cause of the child's complaints but also incidental findings. The objective of this study is to assess incidental findings observed in children who were admitted to the ED and had the head CT performed. Material and methods. This retrospective, cross-sectional study enrolled 644 children under the age of 18, from 1st January 2021 to 31st June 2021. Each child could have had one or more incidental findings in CT Results. Among all CT studies, incidental findings were found in 279 out of 644 (43.32%) cases, of which 73 (11.34%) had both lesions detected incidentally and related to the trauma. Conclusion. Head CT is an incredibly useful tool in the assessment of some head emergencies. However, evaluation of the prevalence of incidental findings is difficult. Most of them require no specific further investigation. Pediatricians, who order CTs in children, must be prepared to interpret and communicate findings to families and introduce treatment in necessary situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a compilation of various research articles and opinions related to fertility preservation in cancer patients. The articles cover a range of topics, including the impact of cancer treatments on fertility, methods of fertility preservation for both men and women, and the safety of chemotherapy during pregnancy. The document also includes information on legal aspects of fertility treatment and the use of preimplantation genetic testing. Overall, these articles provide valuable information for cancer patients and healthcare professionals regarding fertility preservation options and considerations. [Extracted from the article]

Introduction Immersing and swimming in cold water is an increasingly popular sport that has recently become a fashionable form of recreation in the winter months. People who regularly swim in cold water mention the many benefits associated with it. Aim of the study This review aims to present the current state of knowledge about immersion and swimming in cold water and to answer questions about the impact of this phenomenon on the human body and its health benefits. Materials and methods The PubMed database was used in this study.A literature review was conducted using the keywords "ice swimming," "winter swimming," "cold water swimming," and "cold water immersion". Results Much research has been done on the effects of cold water swimming, both positive and negative. Ice swimming affects many systems of our body, including the circulatory system, the immune system, and the endocrine system, and also affects metabolic and mental changes in our body, as shown in the work below. Summary A single immersion in cold water causes a stress reaction in the human body, while regular swimming in cold water causes the body to develop many positive physiological changes. Despite the benefits, it is still important to remember the risks involved, and more research should be done to minimize these dangers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Analysis of reticulated platelets (RP), the youngest form of platelets in peripheral blood, is useful for assessment of thrombopoietic response in thrombocytopenic conditions due to intense immunological platelet destruction., Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the value of RP measurement for differentiation between pregnancy-related thrombocytopenia (PT), immunological thrombocytopenia (IM) and hereditary thrombocytopenia (HT) in pregnant women with platelet count below 100 G/L., Material: The study included 49 pregnant thrombocytopenia women (21 with PT, 22 with IM, 6 with HR) as well as 22 healthy pregnant women (Control)., Methods: The percentage of RP in peripheral blood was measured using double staining with: PE-labeled anti CD41 (Dako) and thiazole orange (Beckton Dickinson). The measurements were performed several times during pregnancy (II and III trimester) and delivery. Anti-platelet antibodies were tested by immunofluorescence and immunoensimatic assays. HPA1a antigen was determined by PCR/SSP., Results: The average platelet count in all groups of thrombocytopenia women was significantly lower than in control group. The mean RP percentage in the control group (5.31%) was within the range of the haematological normal value (0.5-6%), and for thrombocytopenia women it was: 9.19% for PT women, 14.75% for IM women and 14.94% for HT women and was significantly higher than that in the control group. In the group of IM pregnant women the RP percentage was significantly higher in the II trimester than in the PT women. Anti-platelet antibody and HPA1a antigen testing excluded alloimmunological/fetus/neonatal thrombocytopenia in the study material., Conclusion: RP analysis has been proved useful for preliminary differentiation of PT and IT in the II trimester of pregnancy. Higher RP percentage informs the physician of the likelihood of immunological thrombocytopenia in the pregnant woman as well as of the delivery of a thrombocytopenia child.