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Just transition is currently a leading principle in discussions about transitions. But what does that mean? How do we make sure that transitions are just? We have developed an operational framework to help people in the transition process to put justice in practice, based on a review of the literature, analysis of just transition practices and dialogues between policymakers, scientists and practitioners. We have scoped our work in the context of food systems transformation and climate change. The operational framework consists out of four steps and several questions that help to raise awareness on the potential to make transitions more just. It can even be used to initiate a dialogue among people in transition process on how they jointly would put justice into the transition practices. The report concludes with a knowledge agenda that summarises pending research questions that would be useful to further complete the operational framework., Rechtvaardige transitie is een veel gebruikt principe. Maar wat bedoelen mensen ermee? En hoe realiseer je een transitie die als rechtvaardig beschouwd wordt? Op basis van wetenschappelijke bevindingen, analyse van praktijkervaringen en dialogen tussen beleidsmakers, wetenschappers en praktijk mensen is er in dit rapport een operationeel kader ontwikkeld dat ervoor zorgt dat rechtvaardigheid beter ingebed wordt in de transitieprocessen. Om dit kader te maken, is gebruik gemaakt van de context van voedselsysteemtransformatie en klimaatadaptatie/mitigatie. Het operationeel kader bestaat uit vier stappen die elk een aantal vragen omvatten. Deze vragen maken mensen in transitie processen meer bewust van de mogelijkheden om de transitie meer rechtvaardig te laten verlopen. De vragen stimuleren een diepgaande zoektocht en kunnen in sommige processen zelfs een gesprek tot stand brengen over hoe mensen rechtvaardigheid concreet willen vorm geven.Het rapport eindigt met een kennisagenda die een overzicht geeft van de huidige kennisvragen waar nog onduidelijkheid over is. Een aantal van die vragen zouden verder verkend kunnen worden om zo hetoperationele kader weer verder aan te vullen.

Mangroves of tropical and subtropical shores and deltas contribute to ecosystem functioning and human wellbeing in numerous ways but continue to be lost or degraded worldwide at a rapid pace. Overexploitation driven by poverty is often the root cause of mangrove destruction and degradation. The negative feedback cycle between destruction and poverty can only be broken by justly valuing current or introducing new sustainable livelihood options to foster long-lasting local support for mangroves. The large array of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) that mangroves offer have rarely been developed beyond the subsistence level and remain undervalued as “products of the poor”. In light of the global trends towards sustainability and bio-economy, today they represent a major business opportunity for forest communities to produce high value-added end-user products. Even though mangrove NTFPs have been recognized to have high potential toward inclusive development and poverty alleviation and to be highly gender-equal, the development of mangrove NTFPs has continued to attract very little funding or research interest. Several ecological characteristics make commercialization of mangrove NTFPs particularly challenging. Production at economies of scale, including quality standards, as well as marketing and value chain management are all essential in order to develop these products beyond their subsistence role. To be most effective, a systems perspective on NTFP development is needed, whereby product-market development occurs in unison and based on a participative, inclusive and fair development approach. The species/product of choice for value-added product-market development in any specific community or area will depend on several factors. To address many of the typical constraints and maximize the chances of success, we suggest that the use of village or district-level cooperatives may be particularly useful. A better use of the untapped potential of mangroves for local live