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A total of 314 adult human skeletons from the east part of the necropolis "Straubing-Bajuvarenstrasse" have been examined. The grave offerings, in combination with soil study and the available historical evidence, have greatly contributed to definition of the chronological era of the burial in the early medieval period. Animal bones were also recorded, but not further evaluated for pathological findings on their surface. A study was made of degenerative arthropathy in the large joints of the human skeletons, its frequency, the degree of deterioration, and its association with the general picture of daily life. A high frequency of osteoarthritis was observed in both the upper and lower extremities, in various different joints, even at younger ages. The highest incidence and the greatest severity of degenerative lesions were observed in the hip joint. Especially women of early adult age, and mainly from the lower social classes, showed an increase in degenerative changes. Epigenetic features, which appear, for example, in the shoulder and elbow, were recorded, and correlated with the parallel appearance of degenerative lesions. the main findings of this study are typical, both of the way of living in a wide geographical area around Alps, and of the chronological period of covering three centuries of the early medieval era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prevalence of foodborne diseases is continuously increasing, causing numerous hospitalizations and deaths, as well as money loss in the agri-food sector and food supply chain worldwide. The standard analyses currently used for bacteria detection have significant limitations with the most important being their long procedural time that can be crucial for foodborne outbreaks. In this study, a biosensor system able to perform robust and accurate detection of Salmonella spp. in meat products was developed. To achieve this, a portable device developed by EMBIO Diagnostics called B.EL.D TM (Bio Electric Diagnostics) and cell-based biosensor technology (BERA) were used. Results indicated that the new method could detect the pathogen within 24 h after a 3-min analysis and discriminate samples with and without Salmonella with high accuracy. Achieving an accuracy of 86.1% and a detection limit (LOD) of 1 log CFU g -1 , this innovative technology enables rapid and sensitive identification of Salmonella spp. in meat and meat products, making it an excellent tool for pathogen screening.

Objectives: To evaluate and compare the injuries of Olympic wrestlers during the 2016 Rio and 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games held in August 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic., Methods: In this descriptive epidemiological study, injury report forms were used to collect and analyse injury data during the competitions., Results: During 410 matches in the Rio Olympic Games, 21 injuries were recorded among 346 wrestlers (112=women), a rate of 5.1 injuries/100 bouts and 6.1 injuries/100 athletes. During 322 matches in the Tokyo Olympic Games, 28 injuries were recorded among 287 wrestlers (96=women), with 8.7 injuries/100 bouts and 9.8 injuries/100 athletes. However, these apparent differences in injury rates between Tokyo and Rio were not statistically significant (injuries/bout: p=0.057, 95% CI: 0.31 to 1.02; injuries/athlete: p=0.087, 95% CI: 0.33 to 1.08). Mild injuries comprised the greatest proportion of injuries in both Olympic Games. Severe injuries accounted for 0%, 16.7% and 36.4% of injuries in Greco-Roman, Freestyle and Women's wrestling, respectively., Conclusion: Most wrestling injuries in the 2016 Rio and 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games were mild skin injuries in the head and face regions due to direct body contact during standing positions in the 1/8-final round of wrestling competitions. No critical injury was observed during the recent Olympic Games. Attention should be drawn to preventing upper limb joint dislocations as common severe injuries in both Olympic Games. While not statistically significant, the Tokyo Games, after the COVID-19 pandemic, witnessed a higher injury occurrence than the Rio Games., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

In the last years, cases of violence against animals win often a main place in the everyday news. The way of abuse has different characters. Mostly the affected animals are living in the same places like humans. The result for the animal is often a long term health affection or even death. In a parallel way one gets the impression that also the cases of violence against children increase year after year. Surely the easy way to present cases of violence through the social media in our days bring them faster into our perception. But indeed it seems that the fact of animal or child abuse appears in a higher frequency and intensity compared to the past. A lot of factors play a role looking for an answer, like the age and the sex of the incriminated person, the geographic area, the stereotypes in a certain cultural circle, the social and economic status of the person. A main motive seems to be the feeling of dominance against weak persons or in general against objects. Cases of animal or children cruelty seem to have a higher frequency in lower life level classes. But also the violence of minors or children against animals has here a horrifying statistic. The phenomenon of neglect has to be described here as a form of violence. A comparison with the results of a statistic view including 315 cases of violence in different levels of an emergency station protocol comes also into discussion. Animals and children as victims of violence should not present a human biological necessity.

The aquatic photochemical behavior of the biocide dichlofluanid has been studied under natural sunlight conditions as well as under artificial solar irradiation in different types of natural waters (sea, river and lake water) as well as in distilled water. In order to examine the effect of dissolved organic matter (DOM), the photodegradation of the tested biocide was investigated also in the presence of various concentrations of humic and fulvic acids. It was found that the photodegradation proceeds via first-order reaction in all cases and that the presence of various concentrations of DOM inhibits the photolysis reaction. Kinetic experiments are monitored with GC-ECD with half-lives varied between 8 and 83 h. The major photodecomposition products identified by GC-MS were dichlorofluoromethane, aniline, and DMSA. Based on this byproduct identification a possible degradation pathway is proposed for the photolysis of dichlofluanid in aqueous media.