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In this paper we explore which kind of knowledge and skills developed by anthropology students through higher education are applied in the Greek labour market and how they are received by different professional sectors, such as central and local administration, private companies or NGOs. We also examine how professional rights of social anthropologists are being established, creating academic qualifications, lobbies and competitive relations among anthropology and other relevant disciplines. Furthermore, we illustrate the birth and establishment of practicing anthropology in Greece as it is being practiced in civil society institutions, local and international governmental and non-governmental organizations, especially since a proportionally big number of anthropologists are being employed in this field due to the recent European refugee crisis and the state of emergency that it brought to Greece and Europe. Through our analysis we wish to show that during the last three decades anthropology is gradually becoming socially and politically relevant in Greece. This process has started with the integration of the country in the core of European Union institutions and through the coexistence with diverse populations of migrant origins. The popularity of anthropology has been accelerated by the economic and refugee crisis of the last decade that multiplied the numbers of anthropologists working in the humanitarian sector. The discipline seems thus to come of age, with academic teaching and practicing anthropology being increasingly intertwined.

Numerical predictions of the fuel heating and cavitation erosion location indicators occurring during the opening and closing periods of the needle valve inside a five-hole common rail Diesel fuel injector are presented. These have been obtained using an explicit density-based solver of the compressible Navier-Stokes (NS) and energy conservation equations; the flow solver is combined with two thermodynamic closure models for the liquid, vapour and vapour-liquid equilibrium (VLE) property variation as function of pressure and temperature. The first is based on tabulated data for a 4-component Diesel fuel surrogate, derived from the Perturbed-Chain, Statistical Associating Fluid Theory (PC-SAFT) Equation of State (EoS), allowing for the variation of the physical and transport properties of the fuel with the local pressure and temperature to be quantified. The second thermodynamic closure is based on the widely used barotropic Equation of State (EoS) approximation between density and pressure only and neglects viscous heating. The Wall Adapting Local Eddy viscosity (WALE) LES model was used to resolve sub-grid scale turbulence while a cell-based mesh deformation Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) formulation is used for modelling the injector's needle valve movement. Model predictions are found in close agreement against 0-D estimates of the temporal variation of the fuel temperature difference between the feed and hole exit during the injection period. Two mechanisms affecting the temperature distribution within the fuel injector have been revealed and quantified. The first is ought to wall friction-induced heating, which may result to local liquid temperature increase up to fuel's boiling point while superheated vapour is formed. At the same time, liquid expansion due to the depressurisation of the injected fuel results to liquid cooling relative to the fuel's feed temperature; this is occurring at the central part of the injection orifice. The spatial and temporal temperature and pressure gradients induce significant variations in the fuel density and viscosity, which in turn, affect the formed coherent vortical flow structures. It is found, in particular, that these affect the locations of cavitation formation and collapse, that may lead to erosion of the surfaces of the needle valve, sac volume and injection holes. Model predictions are compared against corresponding X-ray surface erosion images obtained from injector durability tests, showing good agreement.

An investigation of the fuel heating, vapor formation, and cavitation erosion location patterns inside a five-hole common rail diesel fuel injector, occurring during the early opening period of the needle valve (from 2 μm to 80 μm), discharging at pressures of up to 450 MPa, is presented. Numerical simulations were performed using the explicit density-based solver of the compressible Navier–Stokes (NS) and energy conservation equations. The flow solver was combined with tabulated property data for a four-component diesel fuel surrogate, derived from the perturbed chain statistical associating fluid theory (PC-SAFT) equation of state (EoS), which allowed for a significant amount of the fuel’s physical and transport properties to be quantified. The Wall Adapting Local Eddy viscosity (WALE) Large Eddy Simulation (LES) model was used to resolve sub-grid scale turbulence, while a cell-based mesh deformation arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) formulation was used for modelling the injector’s needle valve movement. Friction-induced heating was found to increase significantly when decreasing the pressure. At the same time, the Joule–Thomson cooling effect was calculated for up to 25 degrees K for the local fuel temperature drop relative to the fuel’s feed temperature. The extreme injection pressures induced fuel jet velocities in the order of 1100 m/s, affecting the formation of coherent vortical flow structures into the nozzle’s sac volume.

The present work investigates the formation and development of cavitation of a multicomponent Diesel fuel surrogate discharging from a high-pressure fuel injector operating in the range of injection pressures from 60MPa to 450MPa. The compressible form of the Navier-Stokes equations is numerically solved with a density-based solver employing the homogeneous mixture model for accounting the presence of liquid and vapour phases, while turbulence is resolved using a Large Eddy Simulation approximation. Simulations are performed on a tapered heavy-duty Diesel engine injector at a nominal fully-open needle valve lift of 350 μ m. To account for the effect of extreme fuel pressurisation, two approaches have been followed: (i) a barotropic evolution of density as function of pressure, where thermal effects are not considered and (ii) the inclusion of wall friction-induced and pressurisation thermal effects by solving the energy conservation equation. The PC-SAFT equation of state is utilised to derive thermodynamic property tables for an eight-component surrogate based on a grade no.2 Diesel emissions-certification fuel as function of pressure, temperature, and fuel vapour volume fraction. Moreover, the preferential cavitation of the fuel components within the injector's hole is predicted by Vapour-Liquid Equilibrium calculations; lighter fuel components are found to cavitate to a greater extent than heavier ones. Results indicate a significant increase of temperature with increasing pressures due to friction-induced heating, leading to a significant increase in the mean vapour pressure of the fuel and an increase of the mass of fuel cavitating, but at the same time to an unprecedented decrease of cavitation volume inside the fuel injector with increasing injection pressure. This has been attributed to the shift of the pressure drop from the feed to the back pressure inside the injection hole orifice as fuel discharges; as injection pressure increases, so does the pressure inside the orifice, confining the location of cavitation formation to a smaller volume attached to the upper part of orifice, thus restricting cavitation growth.

Το θέμα της Διδακτορικής Διατριβής είναι η Βελτίωση Εψησιμότητας Μίγματος Πρώτων Υλών Παραγωγής Κλίνκερ. Στόχος της εργασίας είναι η βελτίωση της εψησιμότητας του μίγματος των πρώτων υλών που χρησιμοποιείται για την παραγωγή κλίνκερ μέσω της προσθήκης σε αυτό δευτερευόντων στοιχείων, η κατάταξή των με βάση τη δραστικότητά τους και η αποτίμηση της επίδρασής τους στη δομή του κλίνκερ και στις ιδιότητες του τσιμέντου. Η εργασία περιλαμβάνει 3 διακριτά στάδια: Διερεύνηση της επίδρασης δευτερευόντων στοιχείων στο τετραμερές σύστημα CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-Fe2O3. Το στάδιο αυτό περιλαμβάνει την μελέτη της επίδρασης του είδους και της συγκέντρωσης προσθήκης των δευτερευόντων στοιχείων στη δραστικότητα του συστήματος CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-Fe2O3 και την μελέτη της δομής και των φυσικοχημικών χαρακτηριστικών των προϊόντων έψησης. Όπως προέκυψε, η εισαγωγή δευτερευόντων στοιχείων στο τετραμερές σύστημα CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-Fe2O3, ακόμη και σε μικρές συγκεντρώσεις, διαφοροποιεί σημαντικά τη δραστικότητά του κατά την έψηση. Η συστηματική και συγκριτική καταγραφή της επίδρασης 20 κατιόντων και 8 ανιονικών ομάδων, κατέληξε στο ότι η δράση των προσθέτων συνδέεται με μεταβολές των φυσικοχημικών ιδιοτήτων της υγρής φάσης (η δράση εντοπίζεται στο τελικό στάδιο της έψησης και είναι ανάλογη με το μέγεθος του στοιχείου ή αντιστρόφως ανάλογη με την ηλεκτραρνητικότητά του, π.χ. W, Ta, Ti, Mo, Nb, Pb, Cd, Zr, Co, Zn, Ni, Ba, Li), με μια μετατόπιση της αντίδρασης σχηματισμού του αλίτη (η δράση αυτή συνδέεται με αυξημένη διαλυτότητα των στοιχείων Cr, Sr, B στη φάση του βελίτη) και με την επίδραση των προστιθεμένων στοιχείων στις αντιδράσεις συνδυασμού των τεσσάρων κυρίων συστατικών. Στην τελευταία περίπτωση οι διαφοροποιήσεις είναι εμφανείς και στην περιοχή των αντιδράσεων μεταξύ στερεών σε χαμηλές θερμοκρασίες (Cu, Sn). Σύνθεση και μελέτη τροποποιημένων τσιμέντων με CuO και ZnO. Στο στάδιο αυτό παρασκευάσθηκαν τσιμέντα από τροποποιημένα κλίνκερ, προερχόμενα από έψηση μιγμάτων βιομηχανικών πρώτων υλών με προσθήκη 1.0% w/w CuO και ZnO, ενώ μελετήθηκε η ενυδάτωση, οι μηχανικές και φυσικές ιδιότητες και η εκπλυσιμότητα των τροποποιημένων τσιμέντων. Όπως προέκυψε, η ενσωμάτωση των προστιθεμένων στοιχείων Cu και Zn στο κλίνκερ αναιρεί την τυχόν αρνητική επίδρασή τους στο ρυθμό ενυδάτωσης που επιφέρουν όταν προστίθενται στο τσιμέντο. Η προσθήκη CuO και ZnO στο μίγμα πρώτων υλών για την παραγωγή κλίνκερ έχει θετική επίδραση στις μηχανικές ιδιότητες των αντίστοιχων τσιμέντων, χωρίς να προκαλεί σημαντική διαφοροποίηση στις φυσικές ιδιότητες. Kατά περίπτωση μελέτη της χρήσης Ελληνικών ορυκτών ως βελτιωτικών έψησης. Το στάδιο αυτό περιλαμβάνει την επιλογή και τον χαρακτηρισμό Ελληνικών ορυκτών για την εισαγωγή συγκεκριμένων στοιχείων στο μίγμα πρώτων υλών σε ποσοστά προσθήκης από 0.5-2.0% w/w, τη θερμική μελέτη της έψησης, την παραγωγή κλίνκερ και μελέτη της δομής τους, την παρασκευή τσιμέντων και τη μελέτη της ενυδάτωσης και των φυσικών και μηχανικών τους ιδιοτήτων. Η κατά περίπτωση μελέτη για τη χρήση Ελληνικών ορυκτών έδειξε ότι η προσθήκη βολφραμίτη (κύριο συστατικό: FeWO4), αντιμονίτη (κύριο συστατικό: Sb2S3) και μίγματος βολφραμίτη-αντιμονίτη έχει θετική επίδραση κατά την έψηση χωρίς να διαφοροποιεί σημαντικά τις μηχανικές και φυσικές ιδιότητες του παραγόμενου τσιμέντου, σε αντίθεση με την προσθήκη κολεμανίτη (κύριο συστατικό: Ca2B6O11.5H2O) και σελεστίνη (κύριο συστατικό: SrSO4), η οποία έχει αρνητική επίδραση στην εψησιμότητα του μίγματος πρώτων υλών, ευνοώντας το σχηματισμό και τη σταθεροποίηση του βελίτη εις βάρος της φάσης του αλίτη. Με βάση τα παραπάνω προκύπτει ότι η εισαγωγή δευτερευόντων στοιχείων με την προσθήκη επιλεγμένων δευτερογενών υλικών μπορεί να οδηγήσει σε σημαντική βελτίωση της εψησιμότητας του μίγματος πρώτων υλών παραγωγής κλίνκερ, μεταβάλλοντας τη δραστικότητά του κατά την έψηση, παρά τα σχετικά χαμηλά επίπεδα προσθήκης. Με βάση τα συμπεράσματα που προέκυψαν κατά την μελέτη της δράσης μεμονωμένων στοιχείων στη δραστικότητα του τετραμερούς συστήματος CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-Fe2O3 μπορεί να γίνει, με ικανοποιητική αξιοπιστία, μία αρχική εκτίμηση της επίδρασης σύνθετων προσθέτων σε βιομηχανική φαρίνα. Επειδή, όμως, οι διαδικασίες της έψησης και ενυδάτωσης είναι σύνθετες και επειδή η ταυτόχρονη δράση πολλών δευτερευόντων στοιχείων δεν μπορεί να θεωρηθεί αθροιστική, η χρήση συγκεκριμένων υλικών ως βελτιωτικά έψησης θα πρέπει να αντιμετωπίζεται ως κατά περίπτωση μελέτη που θα καλύπτει τόσο το στάδιο της έψησης όσο και τις ιδιότητες του τελικού προϊόντος.

In the theoretical part of our paper focused on a) The role of the Knowledge / Universities as a leader of Technological change ? Knowledge transfer dynamics and its influence on Regional Development, b) the Entrepreneurship education: The role of the Entrepreneurial University, c) Knowledge Spillovers and regional Innovation System (RIS): empirical evidence of some European Regions, d) the current situation in Greek Higher Education, focusing on the New Educational Law and especially on the plan "Athena" of the Ministry of Education, for the restructure / reallocation of the Greek Universities and Technological Institutions e) The new Law for Research Technology and Innovation in Greece (Horizon 2020 program) c) The Hungarian case study. In the empirical part of our paper, we are studying the restructure / reallocation of the Greek Universities and Technological Institutions. Our research methodology, based on the data extracted from targeted questionnaires addressed both to Greek entrepreneurs and Greek universities ? Scientific Institutions, attempts to show on one hand how the Universities assess the business environment and their new role in the relevant new institutional framework and on the other hand how the Greek industries evaluate their cooperation with the universities sector and their new role in terms of supporting the local entrepreneurship, as well. The used method for analyzing the results is the one of SPSS (descriptive statistics, correlation ? convexity indicators). The main findings coming by the processing of the statistical data of our scientific research, reveal that in crisis period the universities can find a new source of funding by "advertising" their main mission, which is the diffusion of Knowledge, and especially, the innovative one that enterprises need, in order to succeed and to overcome the crisis bad effects. Thus, we can observe that the results of our empirical analysis are strongly related to the relevant literature presented in the theoretical part of our paper. Finally, considerable general conclusions, policy proposals and questions/ challenges for further research will be presented at the end of our study. Finally, we would like to draw your attention on the fact that during this period is taking palace an ongoing relevant research in Hungary and we are expecting the results in order to be able to make a comparative analysis and consequently the appropriate SWOT ANALYSIS.

This work attempts to examine how the global financial crisis has affected the education sector and more specifically, universities. So our paper examines the universities public funding especially in Europe, the mobility of teaching staff, students etc. Also the impact of the financial crisis on universities private sources funding and to mention the need to straighten the collaboration of universities with industries. Universities they have a major role in the economy of a country. They are the main tool for innovation which leads in business development and growth and can reinforce the endogenous regional economic growth. In this view, we present briefly the Triple Helix Theory, which focuses on the importance of the cooperation between public sector, industries and universities. Furthermore, in the theoretical part of our paper, we are examining the case of Greece. More specifically, we are presenting the current situation in Greek Higher Education, focusing on the New Educational Law and especially on the under consultation plan 'Athena' of the Ministry of Education, for the restructure / reallocation of the Greek Universities and Technological Institutions. In the empirical part of our paper, we try to identify whether the Triple Helix Theory is applied in practice or not in Greek case. Our research methodology, based on the data extracted from targeted questionnaires addressed both to Greek entrepreneurs and Greek universities - Scientific Institutions, attempts to show on one hand how the Universities assess the business environment and their new role in the relevant new institutional framework and on the other hand how the Greek industries evaluate their cooperation with the universities sector and their new role in terms of supporting the local entrepreneurship, as well. The used method for analyzing the results is the one of SPSS (descriptive statistics, correlation - convexity indicators). The main findings coming by the processing of the statistical data of our scientific research, reveals that in crisis period the universities can find a new source of funding by 'advertising' their main mission, which is the diffusion of Knowledge, and especially, the innovative one that enterprises need, in order to succeed and to overcome the crisis bad effects. Thus, we can observe that the results of our empirical analysis are strongly related to the relevant literature presented in the theoretical our paper. Finally, considerable general conclusions, policy proposals and questions/ challenges for further research will be presented at the end of our study.

This paper is divided into two parts, a theoretical and an empirical one and attempts to present Quality Management and the importance that it has in facing the international economic/ entrepreneurial competition. More particularly, in the first part of our paper are presented: *the significance of quality and main highlights of Total Quality Management *the history of Quality Management and the relevant literature (the theories of "guru" in the field of Total Quality Management, i.e. Edwards Deming, Joshep Juran, Philip Crosby, Kaoru Ishikawa and Armand Feingenbaum. Moreover, a special report is included in the work of Edwards Deming, as he is considered the father of Total Quality Management *the relations between customers / suppliers and the enterprises, the factors that add value in a product, and the importance of customer service is analyzed. The second part focuses on: *The significance of quality in the banking sector, and more specifically on the Model EFQM and its adoption by Hellenic Bank Public Company Ltd. *The highlighting of the structure of the aforementioned model, the levels of business excellence, the fundamental concepts for Quality Management and the RADAR method. *The case study of a greek bank and the achievement of the bank to be the first in the banking network in Greece that was honored with the "Committed to excellence" award on, *The research that was performed: - in the above mentioned Bank with the use of questionnaires. This survey was supported by the nine criteria of EFQM Excellence Model. In the same chapter are presentated the conclusions on the changes in the philosophy of the bank by the adoption of model are indicated. - in three banks with the use of questionnaires as well, and referred to customer services.