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The review article discusses the possibilities of using high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) in oncology. The technical principles and features of HIFU ablation, a brief history of the development of HIFU therapy, the principles of HIFU therapy, the physical basis of the HIFU ablation method, and the mechanisms of antitumor action of HIFU therapy are presented. The results and benefits of HIFU therapy for various malignant and benign tumors are discussed.

For the first time comparative study of open and closed techniques of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemoperfusion (HIPEC) in terms of safety and efficacy was performed in a rat model of ascetic ovarian cancer transplanted intraperitoneally. Original device and implantation technique of the device into peritoneal cavity were developed and used in the study. All animals after tumor implantation were randomized into 4 groups: 1 - control, intraperitoneal administration of 0.5 ml of saline (n=19); 2 - closed HIPEC with cisplatin, 20 mg/ kg (n=15); 3 - open HIPEC with cisplatin, 16 mg/kg (n=16); 4 - open HIPEC with mitomycin C (n=10). In preliminary stage while working out the original open technique of HIPEC we established that it requires dose reduction for cisplatin from 20 to 16 mg/kg compared to closed technique of HIPEC. We didn't find significant difference between groups 1, 2 and 3 in terms of number of postoperative complications. According to the results of analysis of body weight changes in postoperative period open HIPEC was worse tolerated compared to close HIPEC. Median survival of rats in group 2 was 53 days which was significantly higher compared to median survival in group 2-25 days (p=0,044). Open HIPEC with mitomycin C turned out to be less effective than open HIPEC with cis-platin but equally effective compared to closed HIPEC with cisplatin. However this is preliminary result and more rats have to be included in group 4 in order to make confident conclusion. Overall open HIPEC with cisplatin in accordance with suggested technique seem to be more promising than closed HIPEC in terms of improving outcomes of patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis.

A comparative statistical study of the results of eight independent experiments on the efficacy of intraperitoneal chemotherapy has been performed. The regiments of cathether intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CIPC), normothermic and hyperthermic chemoperfusion (NIPEC and HIPEC) with antitumor drug dioxadet were investigated in 288 female Wistar rats with ascitic ovarian cancer. Ovarian cancer was transplanted intra-peritoneally (i.p.) 48 hours prior to a single chemotherapy at a number of 1*107 tumor cells. Dioxadet was administered at the maximum tolerated doses: CIPC - via syringe - 1.5 mg/kg body weight; NIPEC (36,5-37,5°С) and HIPEC (40,5-41,5°С) - infused for a continuous circulation using an experimental setting - at respective doses 30 and 15 mg/kg body weight. The rats in the control groups were administered in the same manner with physiological saline solution. The antitumor effects of the treatment were estimated as an increase in survival time. The statistical analysis was based on the principles of harmonization of statistical evidence and predictions. The mean survival time in the control group without treatment (i.p. saline injection) was 15 days with 95% confidence interval (CI) from 12 to 19 days. IPC, NIPEC and HIPEC increased mean survival time by 85, 97 and 202% (p

The article deals with theoretical approaches to the design of the experimental samples of robotic outer chest compression system for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) functioning in accordance with principles of theranostics. The required number of components and their characteristics has been determined and justified in order to realize the mentioned principles in the robotic system. The software to control the operation of the experimental sample of the robotic system has been developed. This article presents the first data on the development of the new external cardiac compressor working in the adaptive mode and describes electronics used in this compressor.

The article outlines the approach to applying the mechatronic technologies and robotic systems in carrying out the brachytherapy operations. To calculate the elastic state of the flexible needles of different geometry in the prostate model, a mathematical model of the flexible needle deformation has been applied which took into account the medium reaction and was based on the theory of flexible and elastic rods. The numeric calculations for different types of needles have been introduced for the first time. Also for the first time the advantages of applying flexible needles for brachytherapy procedure have been mathematically justified.

Background and Objectives Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC) at the time of Cytoreductive Surgery (CRS) is an actively researched treatment in patients with advanced ovarian cancer. Relative contribution of heat and chemotherapeutic agents during HIPEC as well as efficacy of a new agent dioxadet for regional chemotherapy in a rat model of ovarian cancer was studied. Methods Sixty rats were divided into three groups: no treatment control group (n = 19), hyperthermia without chemotherapy (HIPEP) (n = 14), HIPEC + cisplatin (n = 14), HIPEC + dioxadet (n = 13). The intra-abdominal tumor was not resected. End points were: median survival (primary), cause of death (secondary). Results The median survival of the animals in the control group, HIPEP group, HIPEC + cisplatin, HIPEC + dioxadet were 9 (CI; 8–23), 22.5 (CI; 12–43), 25.5 (CI; 13–62), 49 (Cl; 28–70) days, respectively. The P-values control versus HIPEP, HIPEC + cisplatin versus HIPEC + dioxadet were 0.006, 0.002, and 0.001, respectively. Conclusion During HIPEC both the heat and the cytotoxic drug had antitumor effects in a rat ovarian cancer model. Dioxadet showed potential as a drug for regional chemotherapy. J. Surg. Oncol. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The choice of an optimal administration route for intraperitoneal (IP) chemotherapy and a suitable chemotherapeutic regime in the treatment of ovarian cancer remains a controversy. We investigated survival outcomes according to catheter intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CIPC), normothermic and hyperthermic chemoperfusion (NIPEC and HIPEC) with cytostatic drugs dioxadet and cisplatin in rats with transplantable ascitic ovarian cancer.Ascitic liquid containing 1 × 10Compared to the untreated control CIPC, NIPEC and HIPEC with dioxadet significantly increased ALE byDioxadet and cisplatin show similar efficacy in the CIPC route. Compared with CIPC IP chemotherapy by chemoperfusions is more effective for both the drugs. Dioxadet in HIPEC showed highest survival benefit whereas largest effect during NIPEC is achieved with cisplatin.

The unexploited potential of donors after cardiac death is an actual issue for all countries where organ transplantation is performed. The crucial point in uncontrolled donation after cardiac death is the warm ischemic time. The primary purpose of our work was to define the limits of warm ischemic time. Another purpose was the development of an in situ kidney preservation protocol. In 8 uncontrolled donors with warm ischemic time from 45 to 91 minutes, a normothermic extracorporeal perfusion device was applied, providing preservation and restoration of the kidney after ischemic damage. Main attention was paid to the elimination of leukocytes as the key damaging factor from modified donor blood circulating in the device. In 6 out of 16 kidney recipients, graft function was recovered immediately and, by the end of the third month, the average creatinine was 117.9±21.9 mmol/L. Treatment of ischemically damaged kidneys by normothermic extracorporeal perfusion, with leukocyte depletion before procurement, seems to be a challenging protocol and demands further study. Implementation of perfusion systems in organ procurement practice could lead to a partial solution in the organ deficit problem.

Every year in Russia circa 300,000 people die of cardiac arrest. Modern effective cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) facilitates preserving the blood circulation and breathing functions to the degree, required for the patient’s survival in cardiac arrest. CPR includes the patient’s chest compression at a specific frequency rate and the execution of the induced ventilation of lungs. The review considers the unassisted (manual) CPR methods; the existing devices for CPR are discussed, their advantages and disadvantages are described; the necessity to develop new complex smart mechatronic devices for external chest compression, drastically different from the existing systems, is justified.

In this review the issues of robotic automation for prostate cancer brachytherapy procedure are studied. The main goal of the brachytherapy robotic automation is to improve the effectiveness of treatment which is achieved, primarily, by means of precise location of the radioactive seeds in accordance with the operation plan. The existing robot-assisted systems used for executing brachytherapy under visualization control (ultrasonic scanning, MRI, CT), their advantages and disadvantages are considered. The main directions for developing the robotic automation for brachytherapy are formulated. The article represents the first domestic review of the literature, dedicated to the issue of robotic automation in brachytherapy for the patients suffering from prostate cancer.

Manual chest compression method as a part of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) is a common, but not necessarily effective method of emergency in cases of the sudden cardiac arrest. In turn, the efficiency of methods using special apparatus for CPR depends on how a particular automatic system is simple to set up, operate and maintain. The article presents the data on the Russian External Cardiac Compressor (ECC) of original design for efficient chest compression and maintaining patient’s blood pressure at the required level. The algorithms of automatic operation of the ECC and the results of experimental measurements, confirming the efficiency of the proposed algorithms are described. This is the first publication on the new Russian ECC and methods of its operation.

Background: Combination of cytoreductive surgery with following intraperitoneal chemoperfusion is considered as one of the most effective treatment strategies in patients with advanced ovarian cancer. However hyperthermic intraperitoneal perfusion (HIPEP) without chemotherapy is known for its antitumor activity while normothermic intraperitoneal perfusion (IPEP) hasn't shown to provide antitumor action. The purpose of the study is to evaluate antitumor efficacy of IPEP and HIPEP in ovarian cancer model in rats. Methods: The study was carried out in 56 Wistar female rats with ovarian cancer inoculated intraperitoneally (i.p.). Transplanted epithelian ovarian cancer strain used was originated from the rat subjected to transplacental administration of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene. After ovarian cancer inoculation rats were randomized in four groups: i.p. administration of o.5 ml of saline (control group, n = 19); IPEP with saline heated at temperature 36-37 C (n = 11); HIPEP with saline heated at temperature 40.5-41.5 C (n = 14); i.p. administration of cisplatin in a maximum tolerated dose of 4 mg/kg of body weight (n = 12). These procedures were performed once in 48 hours after ovarian cancer inoculation. Antitumor effects of the treatment were estimated by increase in survival time (IST) comparing median survival time (MST) of rats in different groups. Results: MST of rats in the control group was 9 days (95% CI from 9 to 19). IST for IPEP and HIPEP were 78% (p = 0.307) and 150% (p = 0.006) correspondingly compared to the control group. IST for i.p. administration of cisplatin was 117% (p = 0.007) compared to the control group which was stronger than antitumor action of IPEP (p = 0.006) but comparable to the action of HIPEP (p = 0.38). Conclusion: Hyperthermia itself provides strong antitumor action comparable to the effect of i.p. administration of cisplatin while normothermic intraperitoneal perfusion has no significant influence on the survival of rats with advanced ovarian cancer.