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The number of people systematically engaged in physical culture and sports, by decree of the President of the Russian Federation, should increase up to 85% by 2024. In this regard, one of the main and urgent tasks of the departments of physical education (culture) is the involvement of modern youth in physical education and sports classes of a different content or in technologies of managing this process, as well as maintaining motivation for a systematic approach to classes. Universities with a large contingent of students try to solve this problem in different ways and implement disciplines in physical culture and sports at a high professional level. The national program Digital Economy of the Russian Federation and rapidly changing information technologies urged the Institute and the University on the whole to conduct this experiment. The purpose of the work was testing of the effectiveness of the original digital board-form “U-sport” for getting the students involved in practical classes in the discipline “Applied Physical Culture and Sports” at the Department of Physical Culture of the Institute of Physical Culture, Sports and Tourism of the Siberian Federal University and considering the registration of students in all areas and specialties of full-time education. The working hypothesis was the assumption that the proposed solution would increase the motivation of students due to their choosing a physical education and sports specialization, an object and a territorial unit. The number of participants in the experiment of the Siberian Federal University, amounting to 12,880 people from 20 institutes and 125 teachers, shows that this is the largest study in the framework of one university in the field of physical culture and sports in recent years.

This study examines the differences in the crystallization kinetics of the free and contact sides of an Fe77Ni1Si9B13 amorphous-alloy ribbon at 400°C. X-ray phase analysis reveals that crystals based on α-Fe form on the contact side after just 5 min of annealing. In contrast, on the free side, reflections corresponding to α-Fe crystals are only detectable after 30 min of annealing. The relative content of the crystalline phase is determined using X-ray diffraction data, based on the relationship between the integral intensity of the reflection of the analyzed phase and its volume fraction. We explore the possible reasons for the observed differences in crystallization. Crystallization in the surface layers of both the contact and free sides of the ribbon occurs in two stages: the isotropic growth of existing nuclei with a decreasing rate of crystal formation, followed by the slowed anisotropic growth of already formed crystals. The first stage is satisfactorily described by the Johnson–Mehl–Avrami–Kolmogorov (JMAK) thermodynamic formalism, whereas applying a kinetic equation to describe the second stage is not appropriate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is well known that the number of true truffles in the wild is decreasing. The aim of the study was to develop an effective, simple and affordable method of asci disruption to release black truffle spores. It was shown that the spore release can be achieved by different ways, such as mechanical or biological destruction. Mechanical homogenization of fruiting bodies using an immersion blender in tandem with a ball mill was shown to be effective and led to destruction of at least 85% of asci and release of spores. Also, the first approach we applied was the biological method of spore activation performed by African and grape snails. As a result of digestion of truffle fruiting bodies, the spores not only lost their protective shells, but also changed their morphology, which promoted their germination in vitro. The spores obtained using these two methods are capable of forming mycelial hyphae on nutrient media. The results of our study can be used to prepare inoculum of Tuber spp. and to obtain their pure cultures in agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pollution by active ingredients is one of the most significant and widespread forms of pollution on Earth. Medicines can have a negative impact on ecosystems, and contamination can have unpredictable consequences. An urgent and unexplored task is to study the Lake Baikal ecosystem and its organisms for the presence of trace concentrations of active pharmaceutical ingredients. Our study aimed to conduct a qualitative analysis of active pharmaceutical ingredients, and quantitative analysis of ibuprofen in endemic amphipods of Lake Baikal, using methods of high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin), ibuprofen, acetaminophen, azithromycin, dimetridazole, metronidazole, amikacin, spiramycin, and some tetracycline antibiotics were detected in the studied littoral amphipods. We also detected different annual loads of active pharmaceutical ingredients on amphipods. Using the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode mentioned in GOST International Technical Standards, we detected molecules, fragmented as amikacin, chlortetracycline, doxycycline, oxytetracycline, dimetridazole, metronidazole and spiramycin. Thus, we first revealed that invertebrates of Lake Baikal can uptake pharmaceutical contaminants in the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Truffles are one of the least studied groups of fungi in terms of their biological and biotechnological aspects. This study aimed to isolate truffle-inhabiting fungi and assess the metagenomic communities of the most common Russian summer truffle, Tuber aestivum. This study is the first to characterize the biodiversity of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms living in the truffle T. aestivum using molecular analysis and sequencing. Plant pathogens involved in a symbiotic relationship with truffles were identified by sequencing the hypervariable fragments of the 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA genes. In addition, some strains of fungal symbionts and likely pathogens were isolated and recognized for the first time from the truffles. This study also compared and characterized the general diversity and distribution of microbial taxa of T. aestivum collected in Russia and Europe. The results revealed that the Russian and European truffle study materials demonstrated high similarity. In addition to the truffles, representatives of bacteria, fungi, and protists were found in the fruiting bodies. Many of these prokaryotic and eukaryotic species inhabiting truffles might influence them, help them form mycorrhizae with trees, and regulate biological processes. Thus, truffles are interesting and promising sources for modern biotechnological and agricultural studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fast-quenched ribbons with thicknesses of 200, 50, 30, and 20 μm have been obtained by melt spinning at hardening disk rotation speeds of 500, 1500, 2500, and 3500 rpm, respectively. The chemical composition of the ribbons has been determined by atomic emission spectroscopy on a Spectroflame Modula S spectrometer. X-ray diffraction patterns of the ribbons have obtained on a DRON-6 diffractometer (CuKα radiation) with a graphite monochromator. The effect of the melt cooling rate on the structural state of the contact and free sides of the Fe77Ni1Si9B13 alloy ribbons has been examined. It has been established that, by increasing the melt cooling rate, one can obtain fast-quenched Fe77Ni1Si9B13 alloy ribbons with different structures: X-ray amorphous at 3500, 2500, and 1500 rpm and crystalline at 500 rpm. Cooling of the melt at a quenching disk rotation speed of 500 rpm makes it possible to obtain Fe77Ni1Si9B13 alloy ribbons with crystallographic structures of three types: A2, C16, and D03 (A2 corresponds to the α-Fe(Si) phase; C16, to the Fe2B phase; and D03, to the Fe3Si phase). In the surface layers on the ribbon free side, texturing of the Fe3Si phase has been detected. It is noted that the crystal structure of the ribbons obtained by melt cooling on a quenching disk at a rotation speed of 500 rpm differs from the structure of the ribbons of this alloy crystallized from the amorphous state by annealing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]