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Introduction: Sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.) are highly valued for their taste and nutrients but are prone to decay due to their delicate skin and high respiration rate. Traditional chemical preservatives have drawbacks like residues and resistance, prompting the search for natural alternatives. Phenylactic acid (PLA) has shown promise due to its antibacterial and antioxidant properties, making it a potential natural preservative to extend cherry shelf life. Methods: 'Stella' sweet cherries were treated with varying concentrations of PLA (0, 2, 4, 8, 16 mmol·L-1) and stored at 4°C. Key quality indicators, including firmness, total acidity, total soluble solids, weight loss, decay index, and antioxidant activity, were assessed over time. Additionally, HPLC, GC-MS, GC-IMS, colony counts, in vivo inhibition analyses were conducted to evaluate phenolic content, aroma compounds and antifungal ability. Results and Discussion: PLA at 8 mmol·L-1 effectively maintained cherry quality by reducing weight loss and decay of cherries, delaying the decline of firmness, while enhancing antioxidant capacity, flavor stability, and antifungal ability. Higher concentrations (16 mmol·L-1) provided stronger antimicrobial effects but caused slight surface wrinkling. Thus, 8 mmol·L-1 was optimal, balancing preservation and appearance, making it a promising natural preservative for extending cherry shelf life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trace metals are required as cofactors in metalloproteins that are essential in microbial metabolism and growth. The microbial requirements of diverse metals and the capabilities of prokaryotic taxa to acquire these metals remain poorly understood. We present here results from metagenomic observations over an entire productive season in the region off Kerguelen Island (Indian Sector of the Southern Ocean). We observed seasonal patterns in the abundance of prokaryotic transporters of seven trace elements (zinc [Zn], manganese [Mn], nickel [Ni], molybdenum [Mo], tungsten [W], copper [Cu] and cobalt [Co]) and the consecutive spring and summer phytoplankton blooms were strong drivers of these temporal trends. Taxonomic affiliation of the functional genes revealed that Rhodobacteraceae had a broad repertoire of trace metal transporters (Mn, Zn, Ni, W and Mo) and a more restricted set was observed for other prokaryotic groups, such as Flavobacteriaceae (Zn), Nitrincolaceae (Ni and W) and Thioglobaceae (Mo). The prevalence of trace metal transporters within a prokaryotic group, as determined on the family level, was overall confirmed in representative metagenome‐assembled genomes. We discuss the potential involvement of prokaryotic groups in processes related to organic matter utilisation that require these metals and the consequences on carbon and trace metal cycling in surface waters of the Southern Ocean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to quantitatively study evolution law between temperater parameter of infrared radiation and coal-rock damage law under uniaxial compression, temperature data of infrared radiation during coal-rock failure process was collected and analyzed. A coal-rock damage model was established according to damage mechanics theory, so as to obtain relationship between the maximum infrared radiation temperature (MIRT) and coal-rock damage. The results show that: ① The MIRT-time curve has a good correspondence with load-time curve of the coal-rock under loading, and the MIRT can reflect the damage of coal-rock under loading. ② The coal-rock damage model based on infrared radiation temperature accumulation can well reflect evolution, development and failure of cracks in the coal-rock under uniaxial compression. ③ The correlation coefficient between calculated stress based on MIRT accumulation and measured stress is more than 0.8, which is highly correlated, and peak of the calculated stress-strain curve is ahead of the one of the measured stress-strain curve.

In order to research response law of acoustic emission signal in various stages of time series during destruction process of sandstone, the uniaxial compression test of sandstone was carried out. The Hurst exponent and fractal dimension of the acoustic emission counting time series were obtained based on the R/S time series analysis. The results of test and analysis show that the acoustic emission signal has a good correspondence with the internal crack evolution of the sandstone. The time series of the acoustic emission signal of sandstone failure follows the R/S statistical law and fractal law. In the subintervals of the time series, the Hurst exponent is more than 1/2, showing persistent, that is, the resulting acoustic emission signal shows an increasing trend with the increase of time. The fractal dimension has the characteristics of falling-rising-falling and reaches the lowest at the time of sandstone failure. This trend is consistent with the development of micro-cracks in sandstone.

Surface potential of coal rock during water-inrush process was tested through a simulated experiment system for surface potential of coal rock, and variation rule of the surface potential of coal rock during water-inrush process was researched. Following conclusions are gotten: The surface potential of coal rock has significant spatiotemporal response characteristics for water-inrush evolution, and can reflect internal rupture and crack expansion conditions of coal rock. Water bursting evolution is divided into three periods, namely incubation period, crack expanding period and systematical water-inrush period. The surface potential signals are relatively stable during incubation period, and fluctuate during crack expanding period and systematical water-inrush period. The surface potential signal level is usually different in different positions. In the same position, the surface potential signal level has positive correlation with pore water pressure or breaking intension of coal rock.

An information collection system of coal containing gas under uniaxial compression was built, dates' change of acoustic emission and mechanical parameters while coal samples loaded were tested, and damaged evolution model of coal and rock and characteristic of acoustic emission were studied deeply. The research results show that there are acoustic emission signals produced during loaded process for coal containing gas. The number of acoustic emission singles is less at early stage and more at later stage, while achieves the maximum value when the load reaches peak value. The change trend of pulse number and energy of acoustic emission is consistent with the load value, which can reflect damage degree of coal containing gas well. Based on the coal damaged evolution model of acoustic emission characteristics parameters, change trend of damage value calculated from the acoustic emission pulse number and energy and the actual measured value are basical identical. As a precursor information, the acoustic emission signal can represent damage evolution laws of coal and rock and reflect damage state under loaded state. The research result would provide reference for monitoring and preventing of gas dynamic disaster of coal and rock in coal mine.

Mammalian FCHSD1 and FCHSD2 are homologous proteins containing an amino-terminal F-BAR domain and two SH3 domains near their carboxyl-termini. We report here that FCHSD1 and FCHSD2 are expressed in mouse cochlear sensory hair cells. FCHSD1 mainly localizes to the cuticular plate, whereas FCHSD2 mainly localizes along the stereocilia in a punctuate pattern. Nervous Wreck (Nwk), the Drosophila ortholog of FCHSD1 and FCHSD2, has been shown to bind Wsp and play an important role in F-actin assembly. We show that, like its Drosophila counterpart, FCHSD2 interacts with WASP and N-WASP, the mammalian orthologs of Drosophila Wsp, and stimulates F-actin assembly in vitro. In contrast, FCHSD1 doesn’t bind WASP or N-WASP, and can’t stimulate F-actin assembly when tested in vitro. We found, however, that FCHSD1 binds via its F-BAR domain to the SH3 domain of Sorting Nexin 9 (SNX9), a well characterized BAR protein that has been shown to promote WASP-Arp2/3-dependent F-actin polymerization. FCHSD1 greatly enhances SNX9’s WASP-Arp2/3-dependent F-actin polymerization activity. In hair cells, SNX9 was detected in the cuticular plate, where it colocalizes with FCHSD1. Our results suggest that FCHSD1 and FCHSD2 could modulate F-actin assembly or maintenance in hair cell stereocilia and cuticular plate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mammalian FCHSD1 and FCHSD2 are homologous proteins containing an amino-terminal F-BAR domain and two SH3 domains near their carboxyl-termini. We report here that FCHSD1 and FCHSD2 are expressed in mouse cochlear sensory hair cells. FCHSD1 mainly localizes to the cuticular plate, whereas FCHSD2 mainly localizes along the stereocilia in a punctuate pattern. Nervous Wreck (Nwk), the Drosophila ortholog of FCHSD1 and FCHSD2, has been shown to bind Wsp and play an important role in F-actin assembly. We show that, like its Drosophila counterpart, FCHSD2 interacts with WASP and N-WASP, the mammalian orthologs of Drosophila Wsp, and stimulates F-actin assembly in vitro. In contrast, FCHSD1 doesn’t bind WASP or N-WASP, and can’t stimulate F-actin assembly when tested in vitro. We found, however, that FCHSD1 binds via its F-BAR domain to the SH3 domain of Sorting Nexin 9 (SNX9), a well characterized BAR protein that has been shown to promote WASP-Arp2/3-dependent F-actin polymerization. FCHSD1 greatly enhances SNX9’s WASP-Arp2/3-dependent F-actin polymerization activity. In hair cells, SNX9 was detected in the cuticular plate, where it colocalizes with FCHSD1. Our results suggest that FCHSD1 and FCHSD2 could modulate F-actin assembly or maintenance in hair cell stereocilia and cuticular plate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Sweet cherries ( Prunus avium L.) are highly valued for their taste and nutrients but are prone to decay due to their delicate skin and high respiration rate. Traditional chemical preservatives have drawbacks like residues and resistance, prompting the search for natural alternatives. Phenylactic acid (PLA) has shown promise due to its antibacterial and antioxidant properties, making it a potential natural preservative to extend cherry shelf life., Methods: 'Stella' sweet cherries were treated with varying concentrations of PLA (0, 2, 4, 8, 16 mmol·L -1 ) and stored at 4°C. Key quality indicators, including firmness, total acidity, total soluble solids, weight loss, decay index, and antioxidant activity, were assessed over time. Additionally, HPLC, GC-MS, GC-IMS, colony counts, in vivo inhibition analyses were conducted to evaluate phenolic content, aroma compounds and antifungal ability., Results and Discussion: PLA at 8 mmol·L -1 effectively maintained cherry quality by reducing weight loss and decay of cherries, delaying the decline of firmness, while enhancing antioxidant capacity, flavor stability, and antifungal ability. Higher concentrations (16 mmol·L -1 ) provided stronger antimicrobial effects but caused slight surface wrinkling. Thus, 8 mmol·L -1 was optimal, balancing preservation and appearance, making it a promising natural preservative for extending cherry shelf life., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Zhang, Wang, Wang, Kong, Li, Song, Zeng, Yang, Fan and Gong.)

In this study, natamycin nanoparticles were prepared by anti-solvent method, and natamycin nanoparticles/chitosan coating was prepared and investigated for the preservation of sweet cherry. The results of particle size showed that the prepared natamycin nanoparticles were nano-sized, with a particle size of 209 ± 10 nm. The results of scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that the apparent morphology was a uniform spherical structure. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) proved that the prepared natamycin after the combination of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and natamycin still had its own functional groups without new chemical bond. Compared with the control samples the solubility of natamycin increased to 1 mg/mL, leading to the enhanced antifungal activity of natamycin nanoparticles/chitosan. Natamycin nanoparticles/chitosan effectively maintained the color of sweet cherry fruits and delayed the decline of firmness, total soluble solids (TSS) and titratable acidity (TA) during storage. In particular, it effectively delayed the decay of sweet cherries, with the lowest decay rate of 10.1 %, which was 66.4 % lower than that of the control group, and there wasn't decay of sweet cherry in 35 d storage. Therefore, natamycin nanoparticles/chitosan was effectively to delay cherry fruit senescence and improved the quality of sweet cherry during the storage period., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest We declare that we have no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)