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Background In order to change the shortage of general practitioners in primary care, China has been implementing a rural order-oriented medical student training program in 2010. Currently, the overall performance intention, performance situation and retention intention of order-oriented medical students in China still remains unclear and need to be supported by more reliable evidence. Objective To systematically evaluate the performance intention rate, actual performance rate and retention intention rate of order-oriented medical students in China and analyze its influencing factors. Methods From January to June 2022, CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, PubMed and Embase databases were searched to collect literature related to service intention, performance intention and retention intention for primary care of order-oriented medical students in China with a time period from 2010 to 2021, and the language of the literature was limited to Chinese and English. Two investigators independently screened literature and extracted data independently to evaluate the risk of bias of the included studies. Meta-analysis of single-group rates was performed using RevMan 5.4 software. Results A total of 49 papers were included with a survey period of 2010-2020, involving 22 413 order-oriented medical students. The performance intention rate of order-oriented medical students was 62% [95%CI (55%-69%) ], the performance rate was 95% [95%CI (93%-96%) ], the retention intention rate was 16% [95%CI (13%-19%) ]. The results of subgroup analysis showed that the performance intention rate of the literature published in 2011 [90%, 95%CI (84%-96%) ] was higher than the other years (P

Chronic neurodegeneration and acute injuries lead to neuron losses via diverse processes. We compared retinal ganglion cell (RGC) responses between chronic glaucomatous conditions and the acute injury model. Among major RGC subclasses, αRGCs and intrinsically photosensitive RGCs (ipRGCs) preferentially survive glaucomatous conditions, similar to findings in the retina subject to axotomy. Focusing on an αRGC intrinsic factor, Osteopontin (secreted phosphoprotein 1 [Spp1]), we found an ectopic neuronal expression of Osteopontin (Spp1) in other RGCs subject to glaucomatous conditions. This contrasted with the Spp1 downregulation subject to axotomy. αRGC-specific Spp1 elimination led to significant αRGC loss, diminishing their resiliency. Spp1 overexpression led to robust neuroprotection of susceptible RGC subclasses under glaucomatous conditions. In contrast, Spp1 overexpression did not significantly protect RGCs subject to axotomy. Additionally, SPP1 marked adult human RGC subsets with large somata and SPP1 expression in the aqueous humor correlated with glaucoma severity. Our study reveals Spp1's role in mediating neuronal resiliency in glaucoma.

The role of parental literacy skills in cross-linguistic transfer, the phenomenon of the sharing of skills and competence from one language to another, is under-researched. The present study tested 147 Hong Kong Chinese children and their parents (76 boys; mean age = 7.16). Parental literacy skills significantly explained children's reading and spelling in English after controlling for socioeconomic status, highlighting the role of parental skills in facilitating children's second language development. Cross-linguistic transfers between Chinese and English were found between reading and writing after controlling for age, grade, non-verbal intelligence, and socioeconomic status. The results were replicated with another twin sample.

Objective To investigate the effect of anti-angiogenic drug Sitravatinib combined with poly(adenosine diphosphate[ADP]-ribose) polymerase inhibitor(PARPi) Niraparib on mucosal melanoma cell lines and its possible mechanism. Methods The CCK8 assay was used to detect the maximal half inhibitory concentration (IC50) of Sitravatinib and Niraparib targeting at mucosal melanoma (MM) cell lines. CompuSyn was used to detect the Combination Index (CI) in different concentrations of the two drugs. Flow cytometry was used to detect the effect of drugs on cell apoptosis. Colony formation assay was used to detect the effect of drugs on cell proliferation. Western blot was used to detect the protein expressions and RT-qPCR was used to detect mRNA expression. Results CI values was respectively 0.19 and 0.15 for Sitravatinib (2 μmol/L) in combination with Niraparib (20 μmol/L) in a human vaginal maligant melanoma cell line (HMVII) and a metastasis inguinal lymph node of vulvar malignant melanoma cell line (GAK). Compared with the control group and single-drug groups, the cell proliferation of the combination group was significantly reduced (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01 or P＜0.001). The cell apoptosis rate was significantly increased (P＜0.01 or P＜0.001). The protein and mRNA expression of apoptosis-related biomarkers significantly increased (P＜0.001); In addition, the protein and mRNA expression of cell autophagy biomarkers significantly increased (P＜0.01 or P＜0.001). The protein expression of DNA damage marker significantly increased. Moreover, compared with the control group, The expression of radiation sensitive protein 51 (RAD51) recombinase in the Sitravatinib single-drug group and combination group significantly reduced. As the dose of Sitravatinib gradually increased up to 2 μmol/L, the protein and mRNA expression of RAD51 both significantly reduced (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01), the mRNA expression of BRCA1 and BRCA2 also significantly reduced (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01 or P＜0.001). Conclusions Sitravatinib combined with Niraparib inhibits the proliferation of mucosal melanoma cells, induces cell apoptosis and promotes autophagy. The mechanism is potentially related to the inhibition of homology-dependent recombination repairs(HRR).

Objective To investigate the effects of PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog)mutation on pathological characteristics and prognosis of patients with mucosal melanoma. Methods Clinical and follow-up data of 66 patients with mucosal melanoma from the Department of Melanoma and Sarcoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital from April 2019 to March 2022 were collected and the mutation of PTEN was detected by next-generation sequencing to analyze the relationship between PTEN mutation and patients′ pathological characteristics and prognosis. Results Among 66 patients with mucosal melanoma, the frequency of PTEN mutation was 19.40% and the mutation frequency was significantly associated with age at diagnosis and primary tumor site(P＜0.05); In the cohort with 42 patients receiving immunotherapy, the median progression-free survival(mPFS) of PTEN-mutant patients was 3.37 months, which was significantly lower than that of wild-type patients(9.2 months)(P＜0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis further confirmed that PTEN mutation was an independent prognostic factor for poor prognosis of immunotherapy(P＜0.05). Conclusions The frequency of PTEN mutation is significantly higher in patient who were diagnosed at the aged less than 60 and in patients with tumors originated from gastrointestinal mucosa. PTEN mutation is also an independent risk factor for poorer prognosis in patients receiving immunotherapy.

Original citation: J Clin Invest. 2017;127(11):4179-4192. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI91258. Citation for this corrigendum: J Clin Invest. 2024;134(8):e181338. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI181338. The authors recently became aware that in the original Figure 2, A and C, [...]