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At present, most stability control systems based on active steering are superposition control of steering Angle. For the steering system configuration commonly used in automatic driving vehicles, the active steering control system of steering angle superposition cannot be realized. In order to achieve man-machine collaborative driving, the co-driving intelligent vehicles usually realize automatic steering control based on the torque superposition, which solves the drawback that the driver of the Angle superposition cannot participate in the steering. In this paper, an active steering control method of superposition of steering torque based on Receding horizon control is proposed for man-machine collaborative driving of co-drive intelligent vehicles. This control method combines steering system with vehicle dynamics system, and takes steering motor torque as the sole control input, which ensures that the driver has the ultimate control right and makes the control of the system more stable. In order to solve the system uncertainties caused by model mismatch and external disturbances, the optimal control rate in predictive time domain can be calculated according to real-time vehicle state parameters by receding horizon control. In the design of the controller, the yaw rate deviation is the input of the controller, and then the calculated superposition torque is input into the vehicle model in real time, and the steering wheel angle is observed as a state variable. The control strategy can effectively compensate for the uncertainty of the system such as model mismatch and external disturbance, and enhance the robustness of the system.

Phase retrieval using single farfield image data is the key to many applications. However, this method easily falls into stagnation because of the multiple solutions. A wavefront reconstruction algorithm based on the hybrid focal lengths Fresnel zone plane is proposed in this paper. By using the proposed method the partially focused and defocused information of wavefront can be captured on just one farfield image. This method can effectively solve the phase ambiguity, and the optical structure is very simple and easy to implement. Simulation results show that the proposed method can reconstruct wavefront aberration very precisely with just one far field.

In this paper, we present a method based on geometry optics to simultaneously correct low-order aberrations and reshape the beams of slab lasers. A coaxial optical system with three lenses is adapted. The positions of the three lenses are directly calculated based on the beam parameters detected by wavefront sensors. The initial sizes of the input beams are 1.8 mm×11 mm, and peak-to-valley (PV) values of the wavefront range up to several tens of microns. After automatic correction, the dimensions may reach nearly 22 mm×22 mm as expected, and PV values of the wavefront are less than 2 μm. The effectiveness and precision of this method are verified with experiments.

Slab geometry is a promising architecture for power scaling of solid-state lasers. By propagating the laser beams along zigzag path in the gain medium, the thermal effects can be well compensated. However, in the non-zigzag direction, the thermal effects are not compensated. Among the overall aberrations in the slab lasers, the major contributors are two low-order aberrations: astigmatism and defocus, which can range up to over 100 microns (peak to valley), leading to detracted beam quality. Another problem with slab lasers is that the output beams are generally in a rectangular aperture with high aspect ratio (normally 1:10), where square beams are favorable for many applications. In order to solve these problems, we propose an automatic low-order aberration compensation system. This system is composed of three lenses fixed on a motorized rail, one is a spherical lens and the others are cylindrical lenses. Astigmatism and defocus can be compensated by merely adjusting the distances between the lenses. Two wave-front sensors are employed in this compensation system, one is used for detecting the initial parameters of the beams, and the other one is used for detecting the remaining aberrations after correction. The adjustments of the three lenses are directly calculated based on beam parameters using ray tracing method. The initial size of the beam is 3.2mm by 26mm, and peak to valley(PV) value of the wave-front is 33.07λ(λ=1064nm). After correction, the dimension becomes 40mm by 40mm, and peak to valley (PV) value of the wave-front is less than 2 microns.

Fresnel zone lens (FZL) telescope is attracting increasing attention owing to its small volume and light weight. However, depending on the fabrication method of FZL, the linewidth and etch depth of FZL may deviate from the set value. It must be considered that the performance of the FZL is influenced by aberrations generated during manufacture. We simulate the effect of fabrication errors on optical performance of FZL and find that the linewidth error of FZL structure is the main cause of image degradation. In addition, we provide a method for correcting aberrations of FZL telescope with adaptive optics system (AOS). This method is verified by the experimental system. The results show that the image resolution is successfully improved after AO correction. The full-width, half-maximum value of a far-field image is improved from 0.065 to 0.038λ. The peak value of image energy after correction has increased by 4.23 times.

We propose a new algorithm for wavefront sensing based on binary intensity modulation. The algorithm is based on the fact that a wavefront can be expended with a series of orthogonal and binary functions, theWalsh series. We use a spatial light modulator (SLM) to produce different binary-intensity-modulation patterns which are the simple linear transformation of the Walsh series. The optical fields under different binary-intensity-modulation patterns are detected with a photodiode. The relationships between the incident wavefront modulated with the patterns and their optical fields are built to determinate the coefficients of the Walsh series. More detailed and strict relationship equations are established with the algorithm by adding new modulation patterns according to the properties of the Walsh functions. An exact value can be acquired by solving the equations. Finally, with the help of phase unwrapping and smoothing, the wavefront can be reconstructed. The advantage of the algorithm is providing an analytical solution for the coefficients of the Walsh series to reconstruct the wavefront. The simulation experiments are presented and the effectiveness of the algorithm is demonstrated. © 2017 Chinese Physical Society and IOP Publishing Ltd.

Thanks to the development in epitaxial growth, chip fabrication and packaging of LEDs, emission spectral of the device is capable of covering the visible spectrum. Therefore, Light-emitting diode (LED) is currently undergoing a growing interest in many applications, such as lighting. Besides lighting, LEDs offer a wide range of potential applications including display. In contrast with LCD, LEDs display has better contrast ratio, higher response rate etc which makes LEDs along with other self-illumination technologies an ideal candidate in making display panel. Due to the popularization of HD and Ultra HD standard, display panel with better image quality is needed which means the number of pixels of the panel needs to be increased while the size of each pixel needs to be minimized. In this paper, we describe the design and fabrication of a colour tuneable and addressable LED micro display based on a 16×16 and 32×32 LED matrixes with typical pixel size of 0.7 and 0.5mm respectively.

InGaN-based light emitting diodes (LEDs) with a top nano-roughened p-GaN surface are fabricated using self-assembled CsCl nano-islands as etch masks. Following formation of hemispherical GaN nano-island arrays, electroluminescence (EL) spectra of roughened LEDs display an obvious redshift due to partial compression release in quantum wells through Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) etching. At a 350-mA current, the enhancement of light output power of LEDs subjected to ICP treatment with durations of 50, 150 and 250 sec compared with conventional LED have been determined to be 9.2, 70.6, and 42.3%, respectively. Additionally, the extraction enhancement factor can be further improved by increasing the size of CsCl nano-island. The economic and rapid method puts forward great potential for high performance lighting devices.